EP1521638B1 - Electric separator with a rinsing cleaning system - Google Patents

Electric separator with a rinsing cleaning system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1521638B1
EP1521638B1 EP03783915A EP03783915A EP1521638B1 EP 1521638 B1 EP1521638 B1 EP 1521638B1 EP 03783915 A EP03783915 A EP 03783915A EP 03783915 A EP03783915 A EP 03783915A EP 1521638 B1 EP1521638 B1 EP 1521638B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
cleaning
oil
injection device
separator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP03783915A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1521638A1 (en
Inventor
Stephan Ahlborn
Dieter Baumann
Bernhard Batram
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Ing Walter Hengst GmbH and Co KG
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Ing Walter Hengst GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1521638A1 publication Critical patent/EP1521638A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
    • B03C3/78—Cleaning the electrodes by washing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/04—Cleaning of, preventing corrosion or erosion in, or preventing unwanted deposits in, combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • F01M2013/0422—Separating oil and gas with a centrifuge device
    • F01M2013/0427—Separating oil and gas with a centrifuge device the centrifuge device having no rotating part, e.g. cyclone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • F01M2013/0466—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil with electrostatic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric separator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a generic electrostatic precipitator to the effect that this allows a reliable electrode cleaning.
  • the invention surprisingly proposes that no mechanical cleaning be carried out, but rather a hydraulic cleaning in which the deposits on at least one of the two electrodes are removed by means of a liquid.
  • a reliable cleaning of the electrode is possible by flushing the electrode surfaces downright.
  • oil can be used as a liquid for cleaning the electrode surfaces, in particular oil, which is taken from the oil circuit of the internal combustion engine.
  • the electric separator is used to remove oil from the air flow, surprisingly and unexpectedly, the additional introduction of just calculated oil in the air flow, namely for cleaning the electrode surface, and that because firstly in this way the effort to operate the electric Abscheider can be kept comparatively low, compared with the need to use a special cleaning fluid and to stockpile these and to refill regularly, and secondly because good cleaning results can be achieved: when using oil as a rinsing liquid, there is apparently a high affinity to the also from Oil deposits, so that oil as a rinsing liquid, the deposits up and take along particularly well when the oil runs along the electrode surface.
  • the spray jet of the injection device can be directed to the wall of the electrode, while either the spray jet as a high-pressure jet can provide additional reinforcement of the cleaning performance. Due to the possibly occurring atomization effect can be provided in these cases, to carry out such an injection process only when the air velocity in the electric precipitator is low. In this way, the tendency that the air jet entrained in the injection process atomized oil particles, particularly low, so that the deposition performance of the electro-precipitator is not unduly deteriorated by the injection process of the cleaning liquid.
  • a circuit may be provided which ensures only a periodic actuation of the injection device. While in principle a continuous rinsing of the electrode surface is conceivable, which would reliably preclude the deposition of particles on the electrode surface, can be advantageously provided to carry out the cleaning only for certain operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. In this way it can be reliably ensured that, for example, oil does not reach the electrode surface at high engine speeds and correspondingly high flow velocities in the separator, which otherwise would be entrained due to the high air velocity and would adversely affect the separation efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the circuit may, for example, be controlled by an electronic engine control or be integrated in this engine control so that the injection device for cleaning the electrode surface is activated in the case of predetermined operating states of the engine.
  • an electronically controlled valve may be provided, which is actuated by the engine control unit.
  • a clocked valve can be provided so that the clock rate can be influenced and thus the injection quantity of the cleaning fluid can be varied.
  • valve which opens or closes, for example, depending on the pressure conditions in the crankcase ventilation line or depending on the oil pressure of the engine, so that regardless of the engine control opening of the valve only to such operating conditions of the engine can be ensured if the desired low flow velocities of the air prevail in the crankcase ventilation and thus in the electric precipitator.
  • Fig. 1 generally designates an electrostatic precipitator, which is arranged in the air flow of the crankcase ventilation of an internal combustion engine.
  • the separator 1 has, as is apparent in particular from FIGS. 2 and 3, three deposition chambers, in each of which a spray electrode 2 is arranged and in which the tubular housing surface forms a cylindrical collecting electrode 3.
  • oil passes into a distributor bore 5 and from this distributor bore 5 injection channels 6 lead tangentially to the collecting electrodes 3.
  • the oil as indicated by the arrows shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, runs helically along the inner surface of the precipitating electrode 3 below, it being provided in the illustrated embodiment that the mounting position according to FIGS. 1 and 3 is aligned with the free end of the spray electrode 2 facing down.
  • the inner surface of the collecting electrode 3 is always wetted with oil, so that no deposits on the collecting electrode 3 can settle from the outset.
  • the cleaning is carried out only at intervals, the affinity of the deposits for oil originating from the oil, which is used as cleaning liquid, causes a reliable cleaning of the electrode surface.
  • Fig. 4 is shown as a second embodiment that the oil is fed into the hollow interior of the spray electrode 2 and is sprayed from there by a plurality of cleaning nozzles 7 under relatively high pressure on the collecting electrode 3, especially in the area around the free end the spray electrode 2, where the largest deposit amounts arise at the collecting electrode.
  • the cleaning liquid does not run along the electrode walls in this embodiment, but must be injected by the air flow to the collecting electrode 3.
  • the cleaning liquid is injected at a comparatively high pressure against the collecting electrode 3.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment in which the spray electrode 2 is cleaned.
  • two different feeds of the cleaning liquid are provided in FIG. 5, which may either be provided individually according to FIG. 5 together, but where appropriate, but deviating from FIG. 5:
  • the cleaning liquid can either be passed through the hollow interior of the spray electrode 2 and be guided at its lower end through outlet openings 8 to the needle-like tip of the spray electrode 2, and / or the cleaning liquid can be injected from the outside, through injection holes 9, to the spray electrode 2 similar to the embodiment of FIG. 4, the cleaning liquid is injected to the inner wall of the collecting electrode.
  • a circuit 10 is shown, in which symbolically an oil pan 11 of a crankcase of an internal combustion engine is shown. Oil is conveyed from this sump 11 to a valve 12 which opens at a predetermined first pressure P1 but closes again at a predetermined second higher pressure P2. This oil is injected into the electrostatic precipitator 1 for cleaning one or both electrodes 2 and 3, respectively.
  • the pressure ratios for opening the valve 12 ensure that the valve always opens approximately when the engine is idling when the throughflow rates of the electrostatic precipitator 1 are low. This is, as indicated at 14, supplied air from the crankcase, from which the oil particles are deposited.
  • a second embodiment of a circuit 10 for operating the cleaning device of the separator 1 is shown.
  • the valve 12 is not directly opened pressure-dependent, but rather electrically actuated, this operation is controlled due to the present in a motor controller 17 parameters.
  • the engine controller 17 processes, for example, parameters such as the speed of the engine or the pressure prevailing in the oil circuit.
  • an expansion vessel which is filled with a liquid, for example, engine oil
  • a mechanical Abcurisorgan which connected to the expansion vessel is, is moved back and forth.
  • This mechanical Abcurisorgan can be configured for example as a brush, membrane or the like and serve for cleaning, for example, the tip of the spray electrode 2.
  • the expansion vessel is emptied, the volume of liquid passing from this expansion vessel is used as a cleaning liquid for cleaning the respective other electrode, for example, the collecting electrode.
  • the expansion vessel can easily build up a sufficient pressure to allow, for example, the comparatively low-pressure tangential injection of the cleaning liquid to the wall of the collecting electrode.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Abstract

Electric oil separator that separates oil from an airflow of a ventilator. The separator includes an emission electrode and a collecting electrode. Moreover, the separator includes an injection device structured and arranged to inject oil as a cleaning fluid onto at least one of the emission electrode and the collecting electrode, so as to inject oil obliquely to a longitudinal axis of the collecting electrode.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Elektro-Abscheider nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electric separator according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der DE-U-299 053 02 ist ein gattungsgemäßer Elektro-Abscheider bekannt.From DE-U-299 053 02 a generic electrostatic precipitator is known.

Wenn eine oder beide Elektroden des Abscheiders von anhaftenden Verunreinigungen befreit werden sollen, so kann bei der Verwendung mechanischer Abreinigungsanlagen das Problem bestehen, dass verhärtete Ablagerungen nicht wirkungsvoll entfernt werden können. Da die mechanischen Abreinigungsanlagen intervallartig betätigt werden, kann je nach Betriebsweise des Verbrennungsmotors ein Intervall zwischen zwei Abreinigungsvorgängen so groß sein, dass die Ablagerungen im Abscheider in der vorerwähnten nachteiligen Weise erhärten.If one or both electrodes of the separator are to be freed from adhering impurities, then using mechanical cleaning equipment may pose the problem that hardened deposits can not be effectively removed. Since the mechanical cleaning systems are operated at intervals, depending on the operating mode of the internal combustion engine, an interval between two cleaning operations can be so great that the deposits harden in the separator in the aforementioned disadvantageous manner.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen gattungsgemäßen Elektro-Abscheider dahingehend zu verbessern, dass dieser eine zuverlässige Elektroden-Abreinigung ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to improve a generic electrostatic precipitator to the effect that this allows a reliable electrode cleaning.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Elektro-Abscheider mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by an electric precipitator with the features of claim 1.

Die Erfindung schlägt mit anderen Worten überraschend vor, keine mechanische Abreinigung vorzunehmen, sondern vielmehr eine hydraulische Abreinigung, bei welcher die Anlagerungen an zumindest einer der beiden Elektroden mittels einer Flüssigkeit entfernt werden. Überraschend hat sich herausgestellt, dass trotz der geringeren mechanischen Beaufschlagung, mit welcher die Flüssigkeit auf die Ablagerungen im Vergleich zu einem bürstenförmigen Reinigungskörper einwirkt, eine zuverlässige Abreinigung der Elektrode möglich ist, indem die Elektrodenoberflächen regelrecht gespült werden.In other words, the invention surprisingly proposes that no mechanical cleaning be carried out, but rather a hydraulic cleaning in which the deposits on at least one of the two electrodes are removed by means of a liquid. Surprisingly, it has been found that despite the lower mechanical loading with which the liquid acts on the deposits in comparison to a brush-shaped cleaning body, a reliable cleaning of the electrode is possible by flushing the electrode surfaces downright.

Vorteilhaft kann ÖI als Flüssigkeit zum Abreinigen der Elektroden-Oberflächen Verwendung finden, insbesondere ÖI, welches dem Ölkreislauf des Verbrennungsmotors entnommen wird. Obwohl der Elektro-Abscheider zum Entfernen von Öl aus dem Luftstrom dient, ist überraschend und unerwartet das zusätzliche Einbringen ausgerechnet von Öl in den Luftstrom sinnvoll, nämlich zum Abreinigen der Elektroden-Oberfläche, und zwar weil erstens auf diese Weise der Aufwand zum Betreiben des Elektro-Abscheiders vergleichsweise gering gehalten werden kann, verglichen mit der Erfordernis, eine spezielle Reinigungsflüssigkeit zu verwenden und diese bevorraten sowie regelmäßig nachfüllen zu müssen, und weil zweitens gute Abreinigungsergebnisse erzielbar sind: bei Verwendung von Öl als Spülflüssigkeit besteht anscheinend eine hohe Affinität zu den ebenfalls aus dem Öl stammenden Anlagerungen, sodass Öl als Spülflüssigkeit die Anlagerungen besonders gut auf- und mitnimmt, wenn das Öl an der Elektroden-Oberfläche entlang läuft.Advantageously, oil can be used as a liquid for cleaning the electrode surfaces, in particular oil, which is taken from the oil circuit of the internal combustion engine. Although the electric separator is used to remove oil from the air flow, surprisingly and unexpectedly, the additional introduction of just calculated oil in the air flow, namely for cleaning the electrode surface, and that because firstly in this way the effort to operate the electric Abscheider can be kept comparatively low, compared with the need to use a special cleaning fluid and to stockpile these and to refill regularly, and secondly because good cleaning results can be achieved: when using oil as a rinsing liquid, there is apparently a high affinity to the also from Oil deposits, so that oil as a rinsing liquid, the deposits up and take along particularly well when the oil runs along the electrode surface.

Aus der DE 27 43 292 B2 sind gattungsfremde Elektroabscheider bekannt, die in einer industriellen Anlage eingesetzt werden und somit weder den Anforderungen an die baulichen Abmessungen noch den Temperatur- und Vibrationsbelastungen ausgesetzt sind, wie sie bei gattungsgemäßen Elektroabscheidern auftreten, insbesondere wenn der Verbrennungsmotor als Antrieb in einem Karftfahrzeug vorgesehen ist. Aus diesem vorerwähnten gattungsfremden Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, eine Einspritzung von Wasser vorgesehen, um einen Flüssigkeitsfilm auf einer Niederschlagsfläche zu bilden. Die Niederschlagsfläche stellt dabei nicht die Niederschlagselektrode dar, sondern lediglich eine Art Träger oder Halterung für den Flüssigkeitsfilm, während die eigentliche Niederschlagselektrode durch den Flüssigkeitsfilm selbst gebildet wird, welcher mit einem elektrischen Leiter in Kontakt steht und durch diesen geerdet ist. Als Flüssigkeit wird bei diesem bekannten Stand der Technik insbesondere nicht das Material selbst verwendet, welches durch den Abscheider aus einem Luftstrom entfernt werden soll.From DE 27 43 292 B2 generic external electrostatic precipitators are known, which are used in an industrial plant and thus exposed neither the requirements of the physical dimensions nor the temperature and vibration loads are, as they occur in generic Elektroabscheidern, especially when the internal combustion engine is provided as a drive in a Karftfahrzeug. From this aforementioned alien state of the art, it is known to provide an injection of water to form a liquid film on a deposition surface. The precipitation surface is not the precipitation electrode, but merely a type of support or support for the liquid film, while the actual precipitation electrode is formed by the liquid film itself, which is in contact with and grounded by an electrical conductor. In particular, the material itself is not used as the liquid in this known prior art, which is to be removed by the separator from an air stream.

Vorteilhaft kann der Sprühstrahl der Einspritzvorrichtung auf die Wandung der Elektrode gerichtet sein, dabei kann entweder der Sprühstrahl als Hochdruckstrahl eine zusätzliche Verstärkung der Abreinigungsleistung ermöglichen. Aufgrund des dabei möglicherweise auftretenden Zerstäubungseffektes kann in diesen Fällen vorgesehen sein, einen derartigen Einspritzvorgang nur dann durchzuführen, wenn die Luftgeschwindigkeit im Elektro-Abscheider gering ist. Auf diese Weise ist die Neigung, dass der Luftstrahl beim Einspritzvorgang zerstäubte Ölpartikel mitreißt, besonders gering, sodass die Abscheidungsleistung des Elektro-Abscheiders durch den Einspritzvorgang der Reinigungsflüssigkeit nicht unzulässig verschlechtert wird.Advantageously, the spray jet of the injection device can be directed to the wall of the electrode, while either the spray jet as a high-pressure jet can provide additional reinforcement of the cleaning performance. Due to the possibly occurring atomization effect can be provided in these cases, to carry out such an injection process only when the air velocity in the electric precipitator is low. In this way, the tendency that the air jet entrained in the injection process atomized oil particles, particularly low, so that the deposition performance of the electro-precipitator is not unduly deteriorated by the injection process of the cleaning liquid.

Alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, den Sprühstrahl der Einspritzvorrichtung tangential an die Wandung der Elektrode zu richten. Auf diese Weise wird ein zerstäubungsarmer Sprühstoß ermöglicht, der in erster Linie zum Spülen und Benetzen der Elektroden-Oberfläche dient und in allenfalls untergeordnetem Maße eine Abreinigungswirkung durch den mechanischen Druck des Sprühstoßes ermöglicht.Alternatively it can be provided to direct the spray of the injection device tangentially to the wall of the electrode. In this way, a low-spattering spray is made possible, which serves primarily for rinsing and wetting the electrode surface and, to a lesser extent allows a cleaning action by the mechanical pressure of the spray.

Vorteilhaft kann eine Schaltung vorgesehen sein, die für eine lediglich intervallartige Betätigung der Einspritzvorrichtung sorgt. Während grundsätzlich eine kontinuierliche Spülung der Elektroden-Oberfläche denkbar ist, welche die Anlagerung von Partikeln an der Elektroden-Oberfläche zuverlässig ausschließen würde, kann vorteilhaft vorgesehen sein, lediglich zu bestimmten Betriebsbedingungen des Verbrennungsmotors die Reinigung vorzunehmen. Auf diese Weise kann zuverlässig sichergestellt werden, dass beispielsweise nicht bei hohen Motordrehzahlen und dementsprechend hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten der Luft im Abscheider Öl an die Elektroden-Oberfläche gelangt, welches ansonsten aufgrund der hohen Luftgeschwindigkeit mitgerissen würde und die Abscheideleistung des Elektro-Abscheiders beeinträchtigen würde.Advantageously, a circuit may be provided which ensures only a periodic actuation of the injection device. While in principle a continuous rinsing of the electrode surface is conceivable, which would reliably preclude the deposition of particles on the electrode surface, can be advantageously provided to carry out the cleaning only for certain operating conditions of the internal combustion engine. In this way it can be reliably ensured that, for example, oil does not reach the electrode surface at high engine speeds and correspondingly high flow velocities in the separator, which otherwise would be entrained due to the high air velocity and would adversely affect the separation efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator.

Die Schaltung kann beispielsweise von einer elektronischen Motorsteuerung ängesteuert werden bzw. in dieser Motorsteuerung integriert sein, sodass bei vorgegebenen Betriebszuständen des Motors die Einspritzvorrichtung zum Reinigen der Elektroden-Oberfläche aktiviert wird. Hierzu kann ein elektronisch gesteuertes Ventil vorgesehen sein, welches von dem Motorsteuergerät betätigt wird. Dabei kann ein getaktetes Ventil vorgesehen sein, sodass die Taktrate beeinflusst werden kann und damit die Einspritzmenge der Reinigungsflüssigkeit variiert werden kann.The circuit may, for example, be controlled by an electronic engine control or be integrated in this engine control so that the injection device for cleaning the electrode surface is activated in the case of predetermined operating states of the engine. For this purpose, an electronically controlled valve may be provided, which is actuated by the engine control unit. In this case, a clocked valve can be provided so that the clock rate can be influenced and thus the injection quantity of the cleaning fluid can be varied.

Alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, ein Ventil zu verwenden, welches sich beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit von den Druckverhältnissen in der Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftungsleitung oder in Abhängigkeit vom Öldruck des Motors öffnet bzw. schließt, sodass unabhängig von der Motorsteuerung eine Öffnung des Ventils nur zu solchen Betriebszuständen des Motors sichergestellt werden kann, wenn die gewünschten geringen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten der Luft in der Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftung und damit im Elektro-Abscheider herrschen.Alternatively, it can be provided to use a valve which opens or closes, for example, depending on the pressure conditions in the crankcase ventilation line or depending on the oil pressure of the engine, so that regardless of the engine control opening of the valve only to such operating conditions of the engine can be ensured if the desired low flow velocities of the air prevail in the crankcase ventilation and thus in the electric precipitator.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der rein schematischen Zeichnungen nachstehend näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch einen Elektro-Abscheider mit drei Sprühelektroden,
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch den Abscheider von Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine perspektivische Ansicht, teilweise geschnitten, des Abscheiders von Fig. 1 und 2,
Fig. 4 u. 5
zwei weitere Ausführungsbeispiele von Elektro-Abscheidern, und die
Fig. 6 u. 7
zwei unterschiedliche Schaubilder von Schaltungen zur Reinigung der Elektroden.
Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the purely schematic drawings. It shows
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through an electric precipitator with three Sprühelektroden,
Fig. 2
a cross section through the separator of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
3 is a perspective view, partly in section, of the separator of FIGS. 1 and 2;
Fig. 4 u. 5
two further embodiments of electric precipitators, and the
Fig. 6 u. 7
two different diagrams of circuits for cleaning the electrodes.

In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 allgemein ein Elektro-Abscheider bezeichnet, der im Luftstrom der Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftung eines Verbrennungsmotors angeordnet ist. Der Abscheider 1 weist, wie insbesondere aus den Fig. 2 und 3 ersichtlich ist, drei AbscheideKammern auf, in denen jeweils eine Sprühelektrode 2 angeordnet ist und bei denen die rohrförmige Gehäuseoberfläche eine zylindrische Niederschlagselektrode 3 bildet.In Fig. 1, 1 generally designates an electrostatic precipitator, which is arranged in the air flow of the crankcase ventilation of an internal combustion engine. The separator 1 has, as is apparent in particular from FIGS. 2 and 3, three deposition chambers, in each of which a spray electrode 2 is arranged and in which the tubular housing surface forms a cylindrical collecting electrode 3.

Über eine Versorgungsleitung 4 gelangt Öl in eine Verteilerbohrung 5 und von dieser Verteilerbohrung 5 führen Einspritzkanäle 6 tangential an die Niederschlagselektroden 3. Das Öl läuft, wie durch die in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellten Pfeile angedeutet, wendelartig an der inneren Oberfläche der Niederschlägselektrode 3 nach unten, wobei bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel vorgesehen ist, dass die Einbaulage entsprechend Fig. 1 und 3 mit dem freien Ende der Sprühelektrode 2 nach unten weisend ausgerichtet ist. Schwerkraft unterstützt läuft die Reinigungsflüssigkeit, im vorliegenden Fall Öl aus dem Kurbelgehäuse des Verbrennungsmotors, an der inneren Oberfläche der Niederschlagselektrode 3 nach unten und nimmt dabei die Anlagerungen mit, die auf der Oberfläche dieser Niederschlagselektrode 3 haften.Via a supply line 4, oil passes into a distributor bore 5 and from this distributor bore 5 injection channels 6 lead tangentially to the collecting electrodes 3. The oil, as indicated by the arrows shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, runs helically along the inner surface of the precipitating electrode 3 below, it being provided in the illustrated embodiment that the mounting position according to FIGS. 1 and 3 is aligned with the free end of the spray electrode 2 facing down. Gravity supported running the cleaning fluid, in this case, oil from the crankcase of the internal combustion engine, on the inner surface of the collecting electrode 3 down and takes with it the deposits, which adhere to the surface of this collecting electrode 3.

Bei einem kontinuierlichen Betrieb der Einspritzvorrichtung ist die innere Oberfläche der Niederschlagselektrode 3 stets Öl benetzt, sodass sich von vornherein keine Anlagerungen auf der Niederschlagselektrode 3 absetzen können. Wird demgegenüber die Reinigung nur intervallartig vorgenommen, so bewirkt die Affinität der aus dem ÖI stammenden Ablagerungen zum ÖI, welches als Reinigungsflüssigkeit eingesetzt wird, dass eine zuverlässige Abreinigung der Elektroden-Oberfläche erfolgt.In a continuous operation of the injector, the inner surface of the collecting electrode 3 is always wetted with oil, so that no deposits on the collecting electrode 3 can settle from the outset. On the other hand, if the cleaning is carried out only at intervals, the affinity of the deposits for oil originating from the oil, which is used as cleaning liquid, causes a reliable cleaning of the electrode surface.

In Fig. 4 ist als zweites Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, dass das Öl in das hohle Innere der Sprühelektrode 2 geführt wird und von dort durch mehrere Reinigungsdüsen 7 unter vergleichsweise hohem Druck auf die Niederschlagselektrode 3 aufgesprüht wird, und zwar besonders in dem Bereich um das freie Ende der Sprühelektrode 2 herum, wo sich die größten Ablagerungsmengen an der Niederschlagselektrode ergeben.In Fig. 4 is shown as a second embodiment that the oil is fed into the hollow interior of the spray electrode 2 and is sprayed from there by a plurality of cleaning nozzles 7 under relatively high pressure on the collecting electrode 3, especially in the area around the free end the spray electrode 2, where the largest deposit amounts arise at the collecting electrode.

Die Reinigungsflüssigkeit läuft bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel nicht an den Elektrodenwandungen entlang, sondern muss durch den Luftstrom an die Niederschlagselektrode 3 gespritzt werden. Um einen zusätzlichen mechanischen Abreinigungseffekt durch Flüssigkeitsreibung zu erreichen, wird die Reinigungsflüssigkeit mit vergleichsweise hohem Druck gegen die Niederschlagselektrode 3 gespritzt. Der vergleichsweise flache Winkel einerseits, unter dem die Reinigungsflüssigkeit auf die Niederschlagselektrode 3 auftritt, und der Betrieb der Reinigungsvorrichtung nur dann, wenn vergleichsweise geringe Luftströmungen in dem Abscheider 1 herrschen, andererseits, stellen gemeinsam sicher, dass kein Sprühnebel der Reinigungsflüssigkeit vom Luftstrom mitgerissen wird und die Abscheidungsleistung verschlechtert, insbesondere, wenn Motoröl als Reinigungsflüssigkeit Verwendung findet, welches im Abscheider 1 aus der Entlüftung des Kurbelgehäuses abgeschieden werden soll.The cleaning liquid does not run along the electrode walls in this embodiment, but must be injected by the air flow to the collecting electrode 3. In order to achieve an additional mechanical cleaning effect by liquid friction, the cleaning liquid is injected at a comparatively high pressure against the collecting electrode 3. The comparatively shallow angle on the one hand, under which the cleaning liquid occurs on the collecting electrode 3, and the operation of the cleaning device only when comparatively small air flows prevail in the separator 1, on the other hand, together ensure that no spray of the cleaning liquid is entrained by the air flow and the deposition performance deteriorates, especially when engine oil is used as cleaning fluid Use finds, which is to be deposited in the separator 1 from the vent of the crankcase.

Während die Ausführungsbeispiele der Figuren 1 bis 3 stets eine Abreinigung der Niederschlagselektrode 3 vorsehen, stellt Fig. 5 ein Ausführungsbeispiel dar, bei welchem die Sprühelektrode 2 gereinigt wird. Dabei sind in Fig. 5 zwei unterschiedliche Zuführungen der Reinigungsflüssigkeit vorgesehen, die entweder gemäß Fig. 5 gemeinsam, gegebenenfalls jedoch abweichend von Fig. 5 nur einzeln vorgesehen sein können:While the embodiments of Figures 1 to 3 always provide a cleaning of the collecting electrode 3, Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment in which the spray electrode 2 is cleaned. In this case, two different feeds of the cleaning liquid are provided in FIG. 5, which may either be provided individually according to FIG. 5 together, but where appropriate, but deviating from FIG. 5:

Die Reinigungsflüssigkeit kann entweder durch den hohlen Innenraum der Sprühelektrode 2 geführt werden und an deren unterem Ende durch Austrittsöffnungen 8 an die nadelartige Spitze der Sprühelektrode 2 geführt werden, und / oder die Reinigungsflüssigkeit kann von außen, durch Einspritzbohrungen 9, an die Sprühelektrode 2 angespritzt werden, ähnlich wie beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 4, die Reinigungsflüssigkeit an die Innenwandung der Niederschlagselektrode gespritzt wird.The cleaning liquid can either be passed through the hollow interior of the spray electrode 2 and be guided at its lower end through outlet openings 8 to the needle-like tip of the spray electrode 2, and / or the cleaning liquid can be injected from the outside, through injection holes 9, to the spray electrode 2 similar to the embodiment of FIG. 4, the cleaning liquid is injected to the inner wall of the collecting electrode.

In Fig. 6 ist eine Schaltung 10 dargestellt, bei welcher symbolartig eine Ölwanne 11 eines Kurbelgehäuses eines Verbrennungsmotors dargestellt ist. Öl wird aus dieser Ölwanne 11 zu einem Ventil 12 gefördert, welches bei einem vorbestimmten ersten Druck P1 öffnet, bei einem vorbestimmten, zweiten, höheren Druck P2 jedoch wieder schließt. Dieses Öl wird in den Elektro-Abscheider 1 zur Reinigung einer oder beider Elektroden 2 bzw. 3 eingespritzt. Die Druckverhältnisse zur Öffnung des Ventils 12 stellen sicher, dass das Ventil stets etwa im Leerlaufbetrieb des Motors öffnet, wenn die Durch- strömungsgeschwindigkeiten des Elektro-Abscheiders 1 gering sind. Diesem wird, wie bei 14 angedeutet, Luft aus dem Kurbelgehäuse zugeführt, aus welcher die Ölpartikel abgeschieden werden.In Fig. 6, a circuit 10 is shown, in which symbolically an oil pan 11 of a crankcase of an internal combustion engine is shown. Oil is conveyed from this sump 11 to a valve 12 which opens at a predetermined first pressure P1 but closes again at a predetermined second higher pressure P2. This oil is injected into the electrostatic precipitator 1 for cleaning one or both electrodes 2 and 3, respectively. The pressure ratios for opening the valve 12 ensure that the valve always opens approximately when the engine is idling when the throughflow rates of the electrostatic precipitator 1 are low. This is, as indicated at 14, supplied air from the crankcase, from which the oil particles are deposited.

Während das von der Reinigung und von der Abscheidung resultierende ÖI wie bei 15 angedeutet vom Abscheider 1 zur Ölwanne 11 zurückgeführt wird, wird der vom Öl gereinigte Luftstrom dem Ansaugtrakt 16 zugeführt.While the resulting from the cleaning and the deposition of oil as indicated at 15 from the separator 1 to the oil pan 11 is returned, the cleaned of the oil flow of air to the intake manifold 16 is supplied.

In Fig. 7 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Schaltung 10 zum Betreiben der Reinigungsvorrichtung des Abscheiders 1 dargestellt. Das Ventil 12 wird hier nicht unmittelbar druckabhängig geöffnet, sondern vielmehr elektrisch betätigt, wobei diese Betätigung aufgrund der in einer Motorsteuerung 17 vorliegenden Parameter gesteuert wird. Die Motorsteuerung 17 verarbeitet beispielsweise Parameter, wie die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors oder den im Ölkreislauf herrschenden Druck.In Fig. 7, a second embodiment of a circuit 10 for operating the cleaning device of the separator 1 is shown. The valve 12 is not directly opened pressure-dependent, but rather electrically actuated, this operation is controlled due to the present in a motor controller 17 parameters. The engine controller 17 processes, for example, parameters such as the speed of the engine or the pressure prevailing in the oil circuit.

Abweichend von den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen kann vorgesehen sein, ein Ausdehnungsgefäß zu verwenden, welches mit einer Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise beim Motoröl, gefüllt wird, wobei die Bewegung des Ausdehnungsgefäßes, abhängig von seinem Füllstand, dazu führt, dass ein mechanisches Abreinigungsorgan, welches mit dem Ausdehnungsgefäß verbunden ist, hin und her bewegt wird. Dieses mechanische Abreinigungsorgan kann beispielsweise als Bürste, Membran oder dergleichen ausgestaltet sein und zur Reinigung beispielsweise der Spitze der Sprühelektrode 2 dienen. Wenn das Ausdehnungsgefäß geleert wird, wird das aus diesem Ausdehnungsgefäß gelangende Flüssigkeitsvolumen als Reinigungsflüssigkeit zur Reinigung der jeweils anderen Elektrode, also beispielsweise der Niederschlagselektrode, verwendet. Das Ausdehnungsgefäß kann dabei problemlos einen ausreichenden Druck aufbauen, um beispielsweise die vergleichsweise druckarme tangentiale Einspritzung der Reinigungsflüssigkeit an die Wandung der Niederschlagselektrode zu ermöglichen.Notwithstanding the illustrated embodiments may be provided to use an expansion vessel, which is filled with a liquid, for example, engine oil, the movement of the expansion vessel, depending on its level, leads to a mechanical Abreinigungsorgan, which connected to the expansion vessel is, is moved back and forth. This mechanical Abreinigungsorgan can be configured for example as a brush, membrane or the like and serve for cleaning, for example, the tip of the spray electrode 2. When the expansion vessel is emptied, the volume of liquid passing from this expansion vessel is used as a cleaning liquid for cleaning the respective other electrode, for example, the collecting electrode. The expansion vessel can easily build up a sufficient pressure to allow, for example, the comparatively low-pressure tangential injection of the cleaning liquid to the wall of the collecting electrode.

Claims (7)

  1. Electric oil separator for separating oil from the airflow of crank casing ventilation of an internal combustion engine, with a corona discharge electrode, and
    with a precipitation electrode,
    characterised in that
    an injection device is provided which sprays by means of a supply line (4) oil ducted to the injection device as cleaning fluid into the separator (1) onto at least one of the two electrodes (2, 3).
  2. Electric oil separator according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the spray jet of the injection device is oriented towards the wall of the electrode (2, 3).
  3. Electric oil separator according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterised by
    a circuit for interval operation of the injection device.
  4. Electric oil separator according to Claim 3,
    characterised in that
    the circuit activates the injection device at a low speed of air flowing through the separator (1).
  5. Electric oil separator according to one of the above claims,
    characterised by
    an expansion vessel for mechanical cleaning of an electrode (2, 3) as if done by a brush,
    and the cleaning movement is carried out by a different filling volume of the expansion vessel, and
    liquid is extracted from the expansion vessel in order to reduce the fill volume, and through a supply line (4) which ducts the liquid from the expansion vessel to the injection device or to the electrode (2, 3).
  6. Use of ail as cleaning fluid for cleaning at least one of the two electrodes (2, 3) of an electric oil separator (1) according to one of the above claims.
  7. Use according to Claim 6, characterised in that the oil is extracted from the oil circuit of the internal combustion engine.
EP03783915A 2002-07-12 2003-07-09 Electric separator with a rinsing cleaning system Expired - Lifetime EP1521638B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE20211439U 2002-07-12
DE20211439U DE20211439U1 (en) 2002-07-12 2002-07-12 Electric separator with rinsing cleaning
PCT/DE2003/002306 WO2004014561A1 (en) 2002-07-12 2003-07-09 Electric separator with a rinsing cleaning system

Publications (2)

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EP1521638A1 EP1521638A1 (en) 2005-04-13
EP1521638B1 true EP1521638B1 (en) 2006-05-31

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US (1) US7115153B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1521638B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4388892B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE327831T1 (en)
BR (1) BR0311468B1 (en)
DE (2) DE20211439U1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004014561A1 (en)

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US20050115406A1 (en) 2005-06-02
JP4388892B2 (en) 2009-12-24
EP1521638A1 (en) 2005-04-13
BR0311468B1 (en) 2012-03-20
WO2004014561A1 (en) 2004-02-19
DE20211439U1 (en) 2003-11-20
BR0311468A (en) 2005-03-15
US7115153B2 (en) 2006-10-03
DE50303592D1 (en) 2006-07-06
ATE327831T1 (en) 2006-06-15
JP2006516219A (en) 2006-06-29

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