EP1520004A1 - Composition d'agent de lavage et de nettoyage en portions - Google Patents

Composition d'agent de lavage et de nettoyage en portions

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Publication number
EP1520004A1
EP1520004A1 EP03735678A EP03735678A EP1520004A1 EP 1520004 A1 EP1520004 A1 EP 1520004A1 EP 03735678 A EP03735678 A EP 03735678A EP 03735678 A EP03735678 A EP 03735678A EP 1520004 A1 EP1520004 A1 EP 1520004A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
acid
weight
soluble
detergent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03735678A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1520004B1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Nitsch
Ulrich Pegelow
Alexander Lambotte
Markus Semrau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Publication of EP1520004A1 publication Critical patent/EP1520004A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1520004B1 publication Critical patent/EP1520004B1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • C11D17/042—Water soluble or water disintegrable containers or substrates containing cleaning compositions or additives for cleaning compositions
    • C11D17/043—Liquid or thixotropic (gel) compositions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to portioned detergent and cleaning agent compositions which facilitate the dosing of detergents and cleaning agents for the consumer.
  • the invention relates to water-containing portioned washing and
  • compositions packaged in a container made of water-soluble or water-dispersible film are packaged in a container made of water-soluble or water-dispersible film.
  • Detergents and cleaning agents and processes for their preparation are well known and are therefore widely described in the prior art. They are usually made available to the consumer in the form of spray-dried or granulated powder products or as liquid goods. Following the consumer's desire for simple dosing, in addition to these two classic variants, products in pre-portioned form have become established on the market and are also described comprehensively in the prior art, in particular compressed molded bodies, i.e. tablets, blocks, briquettes and the like, and packaged in bags Portions of solid or liquid detergents and cleaning agents are described.
  • bags made of water-soluble film have again become established, making the tearing of the packaging by the consumer unnecessary.
  • convenient dosing of a single portion is possible by inserting the bag directly into the washing machine or dishwasher or into its washing-up chamber, or by throwing it into a predetermined amount of water, for example in a bucket or in the hand wash or sink.
  • Detergents and cleaning agents packed in bags made of water-soluble film are therefore described in large numbers in the prior art.
  • German Auslegeschrift 11 30 547 (Procter & Gamble) discloses packages made of water-soluble films of polyvinyl alcohol which are filled with non-liquid synthetic detergents. This document does not comment on the particle sizes of the packaged detergents.
  • a single dose of a detergent or bleach in a bag that has one or more seams made of water-sensitive material is described in European patent application EP 143 476 (Akzo NV).
  • EP 143 476 Akzo NV
  • a mixture of anionic and / or nonionic water-binding polymer and cationic polymer adhesive material is proposed as the water-sensitive suture material.
  • Extremely large particles which are enclosed by a water-insoluble film are described in EP 385 529 (Procter & Gamble). This document discloses a jumbo-particulate fabric softener composition, the 5 to 30 mm large dryer-activated softener particles are enclosed with a non-water-soluble, porous film.
  • washing and cleaning agent compositions of the prior art which are packaged in water-soluble or water-dispersible containers, result from production-related problems.
  • the detergent and cleaning agent compositions are packaged in the water-soluble container, fine particles adhere to the container and get into the seams formed when the container is sealed. Due to these particles in the seal, the seams in question are not completely sealed against the atmosphere, which leads to stability problems in the washing and
  • liquid detergent or cleaning agent compositions it can additionally happen that the drops or product threads, which are enclosed in the seam to be formed, are thermally stressed to such an extent when using a heat sealing process that the composition boils and thereby leads to further leaks, discolorations or in In an emergency, even accidents can result from thermal decomposition.
  • the object of the present invention was to avoid these problems and to provide a portioned liquid, ie pourable, detergent or cleaning composition, in which the seams of the containers consisting of water-dispersible or water-soluble film are sealed from the atmosphere. It could be shown that the problem of leaky seams and the consequential problems resulting therefrom can be ruled out if the water-containing liquid detergent and cleaning agent compositions to be portioned meet certain criteria with regard to the particle size of the particles suspended in the water-containing liquid matrix.
  • the invention therefore relates to a portioned liquid detergent or cleaning agent composition in a container made of water-dispersible or water-soluble film, comprising a water-containing matrix and solid particles dispersed therein, at least 70% by weight of the dispersed solid particles having particle sizes below 200 ⁇ m.
  • the above-mentioned problems of sealing in drops or liquid threads remaining in the seam no longer occur.
  • the at least 70% by weight of the particles and the 200 ⁇ m are to be understood as upper limits, which result, for example, from the fact that solids used for technical reasons can also contain small amounts of coarse fractions.
  • a proportion of particularly fine particles, the particle sizes of which are clearly below 200 ⁇ m, can also be advantageous.
  • At least 50% by weight, preferably at least 55% by weight, particularly preferably at least 60% by weight and in particular at least 70% by weight of the dispersed solid particles preferably have particle sizes between 1 and 200 ⁇ m between 5 and 160 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 7.5 and 120 ⁇ m and in particular between 10 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • liquid detergent or cleaning agent compositions according to the invention which are packaged in the containers made of water-soluble or water-dispersible film, can be thin to highly viscous.
  • liquid denotes agents which flow at room temperature and which can leak out of containers under the influence of gravity.
  • the viscosity of the detergent or cleaning agent compositions plays a role in solving the problems of dripping and stringing and the resulting container seam leaks not the decisive role, the advantages of the agents according to the invention in solving the problem
  • the problems described can, however, be further expanded if the viscosity of the agents is in certain ranges.
  • Portioned detergent or cleaning agent compositions according to the invention are particularly preferred in which the liquid detergent or cleaning agent composition has a viscosity (Brookfield viscometer LVT-II at 20 rpm and 20 ° C., spindle 3) of 500 to 50,000 mPas, preferably 1000 up to 10,000 mPas, particularly preferably from 1200 to 5000 mPas and in particular from 1300 to 3000 mPas.
  • a viscosity Brookfield viscometer LVT-II at 20 rpm and 20 ° C., spindle 3
  • the agents according to the invention are packaged in containers made of water-soluble or water-dispersible film.
  • the use of such films does not in principle exclude the packaging of water-containing compositions.
  • compositions with a water content below 5% by weight of water-dispersible or water-soluble packaging materials such as, for example, polyvinyl alcohol films (PVA films) generally do not attack, there are various possibilities for the packaging of water-containing compositions with water contents above 6% by weight to undesirably dissolve the packaging-forming materials To prevent substances by the means contained.
  • PVA films polyvinyl alcohol films
  • European Patent EP 518 689 B1 (Rhone-Poulenc Agrochimie) describes the addition of organic or inorganic salts to water-containing compositions, which results in an increase in the electrolyte concentration and a decrease in the water solubility of the packaging materials, such as polyethylene oxide, methyl cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the coating of water-soluble films with water-insoluble films (laminate films) or particles made of PVdC (polyvinylidene dichloride) or PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) are also described in the prior art.
  • the increase in the electrolyte concentration has proven to be particularly advantageous in the context of the present invention.
  • This method enables preferred detergent or cleaning agent compositions contained in the containers to have a water content above 6% by weight without dissolving the water-soluble or water-dispersible container surrounding them.
  • the water-containing matrix in the context of the present invention of particularly preferred portioned detergent or cleaning agent composition accordingly has a water content above 6% by weight, preferably between 10 to 70% by weight, particularly preferably between 20 and 60% by weight and in particular between 30 and 50 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaning composition.
  • the agents according to the invention are in the form of a solid suspension in a water-containing matrix, which in addition to the water can also contain other non-aqueous solvents.
  • solid suspension does not exclude within the scope of the present application, that the solid substances contained in the agents according to the invention are at least partially in solution. Regardless of these dissolved proportions, however, the agents according to the invention have a proportion of suspended solids, the limitation of the particle size according to the invention having proven to be particularly advantageous for agents which have a proportion by weight of suspended solids above 1% by weight, preferably above 2% by weight. %, particularly preferably above 4% by weight and in particular above 8% by weight.
  • non-aqueous solvents originate, for example, from the groups of the mono-alcohols, diols, triols or polyols, the ethers, esters and / or amides.
  • Non-aqueous solvents which are water-soluble are particularly preferred, "water-soluble" solvents for the purposes of the present application being solvents which are completely miscible with water at room temperature, ie without a miscibility gap.
  • Non-aqueous solvents which can be used in the agents according to the invention preferably come from the group of mono- or polyhydric alcohols, alkanolamines or glycol ethers, provided that they are miscible with water in the concentration range indicated.
  • the solvents are preferably selected from ethanol, n- or i-propanol, butanols, glycol, propane or butanediol, glycerol, diglycol, propyl or butyl diglycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, etheylene glycol mononon-butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether -ethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol methyl, ethyl or propyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl or ethyl ether, methoxy, ethoxy or butoxytrigly
  • a portioned detergent or cleaning agent composition which is particularly preferred in the context of the present invention is characterized in that it particularly comprises non-aqueous solvents in amounts of 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 60% by weight preferably from 1 to 50% by weight, very particularly preferably from 2 to 40% by weight and in particular from 2.5 to 30% by weight, in each case based on the entire composition, preferred (s) non-aqueous ( s) the solvent is / are selected from the group of nonionic surfactants which are liquid at room temperature, the polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols, glycerol, glycerol carbonate, triacetin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propylene carbonate, hexylene glycol, ethanol and n-propanol and / or iso-propanol.
  • non-aqueous solvents in amounts of 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 60% by weight preferably from 1 to 50% by weight, very particularly preferably from 2 to 40%
  • nonionic surfactants which are liquid at room temperature are described in detail below as washing or cleaning-active substances.
  • PEG Polyethylene glycols
  • PEG are liquid at room temperature.
  • PEG are polymers of ethylene glycol which have the general formula (I) H- (0-CH 2 -CH 2 ) n -OH (I)
  • n values can be between 1 (ethylene glycol, see below) and approx. 16.
  • polyethylene glycols There are various nomenclatures for polyethylene glycols that can lead to confusion.
  • the specification of the average relative molecular weight following the specification "PEG” is customary in technical terms, so that "PEG 200” characterizes a polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight of approximately 190 to approximately 210. According to this nomenclature, the technically customary polyethylene glycols PEG 200, PEG 300, PEG 400 and PEG 600 can be used in the context of the present invention.
  • polyethylene glycols are, for example, under the trade name Carbowax ® PEG 200 (Union Carbide), Emkapol ® 200 (ICI Americas), Lipoxol ® 200 MED (Huls America), polyglycol ® E-200 (Dow Chemical), Alkapol ® PEG 300 (Rhone -Poulenc), Lutrol ® E300 (BASF) and the corresponding trade names with higher numbers.
  • Polypropylene glycols which can be used according to the invention are polymers of propylene glycol which have the general formula (II)
  • n can have values between 1 (propylene glycol, see below) and approx. 12.
  • n can have values between 1 (propylene glycol, see below) and approx. 12.
  • Glycerin is a colorless, clear, difficult to move, odorless, sweet-tasting hygroscopic liquid with a density of 1, 261 that solidifies at 18.2 ° C. Glycerin was originally only a by-product of fat saponification, but is now becoming technical in large quantities synthesized. Most technical processes are based on propene, which is processed into glycerol via the intermediate stages allyl chloride, epichlorohydrin. Another technical process is the hydroxylation of allyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide at the W0 3 contact via the glycide stage.
  • Glycerol carbonate can be obtained by transesterification of ethylene carbonate or dimethyl carbonate with glycerin, ethylene glycol or methanol being obtained as by-products. Another synthetic route starts from glycidol (2,3-epoxy-1-propanol), which is reacted under pressure in the presence of catalysts with CO 2 to give glycerol carbonate. Glycerol carbonate is a clear, easily movable liquid with a density of 1, 398 "3 , which boils at 125-130 ° C (0.15 mbar).
  • Ethylene glycol (1, 2-ethanediol, "glycol") is a colorless, viscous, sweet-tasting, strongly hygroscopic liquid that is miscible with water, alcohols and acetone and has a density of 1, 113.
  • the solidification point of ethylene glycol is - 11.5 ° C, the liquid boils at 198 ° C.
  • ethylene glycol is obtained from ethylene oxide by heating with water under pressure, and promising production processes can also be based on the acetoxylation of ethylene and subsequent hydrolysis or on synthesis gas reactions.
  • 1,3-propanediol trimethylene glycol
  • 1,2-propanediol 1,3-propanediol
  • 1,3-propanediol trimethylene glycol
  • 1, '3-Propanediol is from acrolein and water, followed by catalytic hydrogenation.
  • 2-propanediol (propylene glycol), which is an oily, colorless, almost odorless liquid, density 1, 0381, which solidifies at -60 ° C and boils at 188 ° C.
  • 2-propanediol is made from propylene oxide by adding water.
  • Propylene carbonate is a water-bright, easily movable liquid with a density of 1, 21 like "3 , the melting point is -49 ° C, the boiling point is 242 ° C. Propylene carbonate is also available on an industrial scale due to the reaction of propylene oxide and C0 2 at 200 ° C and 80 bar accessible.
  • Solids of the particle size according to the invention are suspended in a water-containing matrix, which preferably furthermore contains one or more of the abovementioned or other non-aqueous solvents.
  • These solids can, for example, come from the groups of builders, cobuilders, polymers, bleaching agents, bleach activators, silver protection agents, optical brighteners, enzymes, etc.
  • Builders are the main constituent of the suspended solid phase. Builders are mainly used in the compositions according to the invention for binding calcium and magnesium.
  • Conventional builders for example in amounts of 22.5 to 45% by weight, preferably 25 to 40% by weight and in particular 27.5 to 35% by weight, in each case based on the total composition , may be present are the low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids and their salts, the homopolymeric and copolymeric polycarboxylic acids and their salts, the carbonates, phosphates and sodium and potassium silicates. Trisodium citrate and / or pentasodium tripolyphosphate and silicate builders from the class of alkali disilicates are preferably used for the cleaning agents according to the invention.
  • the potassium salts are preferable to the sodium salts, since they often have a higher solubility in water.
  • Preferred water-soluble builders are, for example, tripotassium citrate, potassium carbonate and the potassium water glasses.
  • Particularly preferred automatic dishwashing detergents contain phosphates, preferably alkali metal phosphates, with particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate).
  • phosphates preferably alkali metal phosphates, with particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate).
  • Alkali metal phosphates is the summary name for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of the various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish between metaphosphoric acids (HP0 3 ) n and orthophosphoric acid H 3 P0 4 in addition to higher molecular weight representatives.
  • the phosphates combine several advantages: they act as alkali carriers, prevent limescale deposits and also contribute to cleaning performance.
  • Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH 2 P0 4 exists as a dihydrate (density 1, 91 like “3 , melting point 60 °) and as a monohydrate (density 2.04 like “ 3 ). Both salts are white powders, which are very easily soluble in water, lose the water of crystallization when heated and at 200 ° C into the weakly acidic diphosphate (disodium hydrogen diphosphate, Na 2 H 2 P 2 0 7 ), at higher temperature in sodium trimetaphosphate (Na 3 P 3 0 9 ) and Maddrell's salt (see below).
  • NaH 2 P0 4 is acidic; it arises when phosphoric acid is adjusted to a pH of 4.5 with sodium hydroxide solution and the mash is sprayed.
  • Potassium dihydrogen phosphate primary or monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium biphosphate, KDP
  • KH 2 P0 4 is a white salt with a density of 2.33 "3 , has a melting point of 253 ° [decomposition to form potassium polyphosphate (KP0 3 ) J and is easily soluble in water.
  • Disodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate), Na 2 HP0 4 , is a colorless, very easily water-soluble crystalline salt. It exists anhydrous and with 2 mol. (Density 2.066 gladly “3 , water loss at 95 °), 7 mol. (Density 1, 68 gladly “ 3 , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H 2 0) and 12 mol. Water ( Density 1, 52 like "3 , melting point 35 ° with loss of 5 H 2 0), is at 100 ° anhydrous and changes to diphosphate Na 4 P 2 0 7 when heated more. Disodium hydrogen phosphate is prepared by neutralizing phosphoric acid with soda solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (secondary or dibasic potassium phosphate), K 2 HP0, is an amorphous, white salt that is easily soluble in water.
  • Trisodium phosphate, tertiary sodium phosphate, Na 3 P0 4 are colorless crystals which, as dodecahydrate, have a density of 1.62 "3 and a melting point of 73-76 ° C (decomposition), as decahydrate (corresponding to 19-20% P 2 0 5 ) have a melting point of 100 ° C. and, in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P 2 0 5 ), a density of 2.536 ′′ 3 .
  • Trisodium phosphate is readily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction and is produced by evaporating a solution of exactly 1 mol of disodium phosphate and 1 mol of NaOH.
  • Tripotassium phosphate (tertiary or three-base potassium phosphate), K 3 P0 4 , is a white, deliquescent, granular powder with a density of 2.56 "3 , has a melting point of 1340 ° and is readily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction Heating of Thomas slag with coal and potassium sulfate Despite the higher price, the more soluble, therefore highly effective, potassium phosphates are often preferred in the cleaning agent industry over corresponding sodium compounds.
  • Tetrasodium diphosphate (sodium pyrophosphate), Na 4 P 2 0 7 , exists in anhydrous form (density 2.534 like “3 , melting point 988 °, also given 880 °) and as decahydrate (density 1, 815-1, 836 like " 3 , melting point 94 ° with water loss). Substances are colorless crystals that are soluble in water with an alkaline reaction. Na 4 P 2 0 7 is formed by heating disodium phosphate to> 200 ° or by reacting phosphoric acid with soda in a stoichiometric ratio and dewatering the solution by spraying. The decahydrate complexes heavy metal salts and hardness formers and therefore reduces the hardness of the water.
  • Potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), K 4 P 2 O 7 , exists in the form of the trihydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder with a density of 2.33 "3 , which is soluble in water, the pH value being 1% Solution at 25 ° is 10.4.
  • NaH 2 P0 4 or KH 2 P0 4 produces higher mols.
  • Sodium and potassium phosphates in which one can differentiate cyclic representatives, the sodium or potassium metaphosphates and chain-like types, the sodium or potassium polyphosphates. A large number of terms are used in particular for the latter: melt or glow phosphates, Graham's salt, Kurrol's and Maddrell's salt. All higher sodium and potassium phosphates are collectively referred to as condensed phosphates.
  • pentasodium triphosphate Na 5 P 3 O 10 (sodium tripolyphosphate)
  • sodium tripolyphosphate sodium tripolyphosphate
  • About 17 g of the salt of water free of water of crystallization dissolve in 100 g of water at room temperature, about 20 g at 60 ° and around 32 g at 100 °; after heating the solution at 100 ° for two hours, hydrolysis produces about 8% orthophosphate and 15% diphosphate.
  • pentasodium triphosphate In the production of pentasodium triphosphate, phosphoric acid is reacted with sodium carbonate solution or sodium hydroxide solution in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dewatered by spraying. Similar to Graham's salt and sodium diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate dissolves many insoluble metal compounds (including lime soaps, etc.). Pentapotassium triphosphate, K 5 P 3 O 10 (potassium tripolyphosphate), is commercially available, for example, in the form of a 50% by weight solution (> 23% P 2 0 5 , 25% K 2 0). The potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the detergent and cleaning agent industry.
  • Preferred automatic dishwashing detergents contain 20 to 60% by weight of one or more water-soluble builders, preferably citrates and / or phosphates, preferably alkali metal phosphates with particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate).
  • water-soluble builders preferably citrates and / or phosphates, preferably alkali metal phosphates with particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate).
  • the content of water-soluble builders in the compositions is within narrow limits.
  • Machine dishwashing detergents which contain the water-soluble builder (s) in quantities of 22.5 to 55% by weight, preferably 25 to 50% by weight and in particular 27.5 to 45% by weight, are preferred here. in each case based on the total composition.
  • the agents according to the invention can particularly preferably contain condensed phosphates as water-softening substances. These substances form a group of phosphates - also called melting or glow phosphates due to their production - which can be derived from acid salts of orthophosphoric acid (phosphoric acids) by condensation.
  • the condensed phosphates can be divided into the metaphosphates [Mln (P0 3 ) n] and polyphosphates (M ' n + 2 P n 0 3 n + ⁇ or M' n H 2 P n 0 3n + 1 ).
  • Metaphosphates are obtained as by-products of Graham's salt - incorrectly referred to as sodium hexametaphosphate - by melting NaH 2 P0 to temperatures above 620 ° C, whereby so-called Maddrell salt is also formed.
  • This and Kurrol's salt are linear polyphosphates, which today are usually not counted among the metaphosphates, but which can also be used with preference as water-softening substances in the context of the present invention.
  • the quenched melt is, depending on the reaction conditions, the water-soluble Graham's salt, (NaP0 3) 40 - 5 °, or a glass-like condensed phosphate with the formula (NaP0 3) ⁇ . 5 2 o known as Calgon.
  • the misleading name hexametaphosphate is still used for both products.
  • Kurrol's salt (NaP0 3 ) n with n »5000 also arises from the melt of the Maddrell salt, which is hot at 600 ° C, if it is left at about 500 ° C for a short time. It forms highly polymeric water-soluble fibers.
  • compositions are characterized in that the dispersed solid particles comprise one or more water-soluble organic and / or inorganic salts, preferably water-soluble builders, preferably citrates and / or phosphates, preferably alkali metal phosphates with particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate ( Sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), preference being given to compositions which contain the dispersed solids mentioned in amounts of from 5 to 70% by weight, preferably from 10 to 65% by weight, particularly preferably from 15 to 60% by weight, very particularly preferably from 20 to 55 wt .-% and in particular from 25 to 50 wt .-%, each based on the total composition.
  • the dispersed solid particles comprise one or more water-soluble organic and / or inorganic salts, preferably water-soluble builders, preferably citrates and / or phosphates, preferably alkali metal phosphates with particular preference for pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (
  • the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical is linear or preferred can be methyl-branched in the 2-position or can contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
  • alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
  • the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 . 1 alcohol with 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 . 18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12 . 14 alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 . 18 alcohol with 5 EO.
  • the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product.
  • Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
  • fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
  • alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x can also be used as further nonionic surfactants, in which R denotes a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, C atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
  • the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.
  • nonionic surfactants which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
  • Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-coconut alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanol amides can also be suitable.
  • the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.
  • Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (III),
  • R-CO-N- [Z] (III) in which RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 1 for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
  • the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
  • the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (IV)
  • R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
  • R 1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
  • R 2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
  • C 1-4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred
  • [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated Derivatives of this remainder.
  • [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
  • the dishwasher detergents according to the invention particularly preferably contain a nonionic surfactant which has a melting point above room temperature. Accordingly, preferred agents are characterized in that they contain nonionic surfactant (s) with a melting point above 20 ° C., preferably above 25 ° C., particularly preferably between 25 and 60 ° C. and in particular between 26.6 and 43, 3 ° C.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants, which can be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. If highly viscous nonionic surfactants are used at room temperature, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pas, preferably above 35 Pas and in particular above 40 Pas. Nonionic surfactants that have a waxy consistency at room temperature are also preferred.
  • Preferred nonionic surfactants to be used at room temperature originate from the groups of the alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally more complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene (PO / EO / PO) surfactants.
  • Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.
  • the nonionic surfactant with a melting point above room temperature is an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant which results from the reaction of a monohydroxyalkanol or alkylphenol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms with preferably at least 12 mol, particularly preferably at least 15 mol, in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol or alkylphenol has resulted.
  • a particularly preferred nonionic surfactant which is solid at room temperature is obtained from a straight-chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C 16-20 alcohol), preferably a C 18 alcohol and at least 12 mol, preferably at least 15 mol and in particular at least 20 mol, of ethylene oxide , Among these, the so-called “narrow ranks ethoxylates" (see above) are particularly preferred.
  • particularly preferred agents according to the invention contain ethoxylated nonionic surfactant (s) which consist of C 6 . 20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6 . 2 o-alkylphenols or C 16-20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 moles and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol has been obtained.
  • ethoxylated nonionic surfactant consist of C 6 . 20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6 . 2 o-alkylphenols or C 16-20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 moles and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol has been obtained.
  • the nonionic surfactant preferably additionally has propylene oxide units in the molecule.
  • Such PO units preferably make up up to 25% by weight, particularly preferably up to 20% by weight and in particular up to 15% by weight of the total molar mass of the nonionic surfactant.
  • Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units.
  • the alcohol or alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably makes up more than 30% by weight, particularly preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total molar mass of such nonionic surfactants.
  • Preferred detergent or cleaning agent compositions are characterized in that they contain ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants in which the propylene oxide units in the molecule contain up to 25 % By weight, preferably up to 20% by weight and in particular up to 15% by weight of the total molar mass of the nonionic surfactant.
  • nonionic surfactants with melting points above room temperature contain 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / poly-oxypropylene block polymer blend which contains 75% by weight of an inverted block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25 % By weight of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 moles of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole of trimethylolpropane.
  • Nonionic surfactants that may be used with particular preference are available, for example under the name Poly Tergent ® SLF-18 from Olin Chemicals.
  • a further preferred detergent or cleaning agent composition according to the invention contains nonionic surfactants of the formula
  • R 1 represents a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof
  • R 2 denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical with 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x for values between 0.5 and 1, 5 and y stands for a value of at least 15.
  • nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula
  • R 1 and R 2 represent linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
  • R 3 represents H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical
  • x stands for values between 1 and 30, k and j stand for values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5. If the value x ⁇ 2, each R 3 in the above formula can be different.
  • R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred.
  • H, -CH 3 or - CH 2 CH 3 are particularly preferred for the radical R 3 .
  • Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.
  • each R 3 in the above formula can be different if x> 2. This allows the alkylene oxide unit in the square brackets to be varied.
  • the value 3 for x has been chosen here by way of example and may well be larger, the range of variation increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x represents numbers from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18. Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 has 9 to 14 C atoms, R 3 represents H and x assumes values from 6 to 15.
  • detergent or cleaning agent compositions according to the invention which are end group-capped are preferred
  • R 1 and R 2 represent linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
  • R 3 represents H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso- Propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical
  • x stands for values between 1 and 30, k and j stand for values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5, with surfactants of the type
  • anionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants can also be used, especially in textile detergents, because of their foaming behavior in machine dishwashing detergents they are of only minor importance and mostly only in amounts below 10% by weight, usually even below 5 wt .-%, for example from 0.01 to 2.5 wt .-%, each based on the agent, are used.
  • the agents according to the invention can thus also contain anionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants as the surfactant component.
  • Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type.
  • Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9- thereby ⁇ 3 -Alkylbenzolsul- fönate, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkane sulfonates, and the disulfonates obtained, for example, from C 12-18 monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products.
  • alkanesulfonates which are for example derived from C 12 . ⁇ 8 alkanes by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation and subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
  • the esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.
  • sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters.
  • Fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures as obtained in the production by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
  • Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
  • the alk (en) yl sulfates are the alkali and, in particular, the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols, for example from coconut oil alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned, which contain a synthetic, petrochemical-based straight-chain alkyl radical which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
  • the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C 7-21 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide such as 2-methyl-branched Cg-n alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12-18 fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
  • Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8- ⁇ 8 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue, which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below).
  • sulfosuccinates the fatty alcohol residues of which are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
  • Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants.
  • Saturated fatty acid soaps are suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
  • the anionic surfactants can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and also as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
  • the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
  • the agents according to the invention can contain, for example, cationic compounds of the formulas V, VI or VII as cationic active substances: R 1 IR 1 -N (+) - (CH 2 ) n -TR 2 (V) I (CH 2 ) n -TR 2
  • automatic dishwashing detergents In addition to the surfactants and builders, bleaches, bleach activators, enzymes, silver preservatives, colorants and fragrances, etc. are preferred ingredients of automatic dishwashing detergents. In addition, other ingredients may be present, with automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention being preferred which additionally contain one or more substances from the group of the acidifying agents, chelate complexing agents or the deposit-inhibiting polymers.
  • Both inorganic acids and organic acids are suitable as acidifiers, provided that these are compatible with the other ingredients.
  • the solid mono-, oligo- and polycarboxylic acids can be used in particular for reasons of consumer protection and handling safety. From this group, preference is again given to citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid and polyacrylic acid.
  • the anhydrides of these acids can also be used as acidifying agents, maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride in particular being commercially available.
  • Organic sulfonic acids such as amidosulfonic acid can also be used. Sokalan ® DCS (trademark of BASF), a mixture of succinic acid (max. 31% by weight), glutaric acid (max. 50% by weight) and adipic acid (commercially available and also preferably used as an acidifying agent in the context of the present invention) max. 33% by weight).
  • Chelating agents are substances which form cyclic compounds with metal ions, with a single ligand occupying more than one coordination point on a central atom, i. H. is at least "bidentate". In this case, normally elongated compounds are closed to form rings by complex formation via an ion. The number of ligands bound depends on the coordination number of the central ion.
  • Common chelate complexing agents preferred in the context of the present invention are, for example, polyoxycarboxylic acids, polyamines, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA).
  • Complex-forming polymers that is to say polymers which carry functional groups either in the main chain itself or laterally to it, which can act as ligands and which generally react with suitable metal atoms to form chelate complexes, can be used according to the invention.
  • the polymer-bound ligands of the resulting metal complexes can originate from only one macromolecule or can belong to different polymer chains. The latter leads to the crosslinking of the material, provided that the complex-forming polymers were not previously crosslinked via covalent bonds.
  • Complexing groups (ligands) of conventional complex-forming polymers are iminodiacetic acid, hydroxyquinoline, thiourea, guanidine, dithiocarbamate, hydroxamic acid, amidoxime, aminophosphoric acid, (cycl.) Polyamino, mercapto, 1, 3-dicarbonyl - And crown ether residues with z. T. very specific Activities against ions of different metals.
  • the base polymers of many commercially important complex-forming polymers are polystyrene, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitriles, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyridines and polyethyleneimines. Natural polymers such as cellulose, starch or chitin are also complex-forming polymers. In addition, these can be provided with further ligand functionalities by polymer-analogous conversions.
  • machine dishwashing detergents which contain one or more chelating complexing agents from the groups of (i) polycarboxylic acids in which the sum of the carboxylic and optionally
  • Hydroxyl groups is at least 5,
  • Dishwashing detergent in amounts above 0.1% by weight, preferably above 0.5% by weight, particularly preferably above 1% by weight and in particular above 2.5% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the Dishwashing detergent included.
  • polycarboxylic acids a) are understood to mean carboxylic acids, including monocarboxylic acids, in which the sum of carboxyl groups and the hydroxyl groups contained in the molecule is at least 5.
  • Complexing agents from the group of nitrogen-containing polycarboxylic acids, in particular EDTA, are preferred. At the alkaline pH values of the treatment solutions required according to the invention, these complexing agents are at least partially present as anions. It is immaterial whether it is in the form of Acids or in the form of salts. In the case of use as salts, alkali, ammonium or alkylammonium salts, in particular sodium salts, are preferred.
  • Deposit-inhibiting polymers can also be contained in the agents according to the invention. These substances, which can have different chemical structures, originate, for example, from the groups of low molecular weight polyacrylates with molecular weights between 1000 and 20,000 daltons, polymers with molecular weights below 15,000 daltons being preferred.
  • Deposit-inhibiting polymers can also have cobuilder properties.
  • Organic cobuilders which can be used in the dishwasher detergents according to the invention are, in particular, polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below.
  • Usable organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids being understood to mean those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function.
  • these are citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), as long as such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
  • Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
  • the acids themselves can also be used.
  • the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH value of detergents or cleaning agents.
  • Citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures thereof can be mentioned in particular.
  • Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders or scale inhibitors; these are, for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
  • the molecular weights given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used.
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • the measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which is realistic due to its structural relationship to the polymers investigated Provides molecular weight values. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard.
  • the molecular weights measured against polystyrene sulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights given in this document.
  • Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates with molecular weights from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, can in turn be preferred from this group.
  • copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
  • Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
  • Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
  • the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution.
  • the content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the agents is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.
  • Biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units are also particularly preferred, for example those which contain salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives as monomers or those which contain salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives as monomers , Further preferred copolymers are those which preferably have acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.
  • polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids their salts or their precursor substances.
  • Pblyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives which, in addition to cobuilder properties, also have a bleach-stabilizing effect are particularly preferred.
  • Suitable builder substances are polyacetals, which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
  • Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
  • Other suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches. The hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme-catalyzed, processes.
  • DE dextrose equivalent
  • Both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molar masses in the range from 2000 to 30000 g / mol can be used.
  • the oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
  • a product oxidized at C 6 of the saccharide ring can be particularly advantageous.
  • Ethylenediamine-N, N '- disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts.
  • Glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also preferred in this context. Suitable amounts used in formulations containing zeolite and / or silicate are 3 to 15% by weight.
  • organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may also be in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.
  • phosphonates are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkane phosphonates.
  • hydroxyalkane phosphonates 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a cobuilder.
  • HEDP 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate
  • Preferred aminoalkane phosphonates are ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably in the form of the neutral sodium salts, e.g. B.
  • HEDP Hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta and octa sodium salt of DTPMP.
  • HEDP is preferably used as the builder from the class of the phosphonates.
  • the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced ability to bind heavy metals. Accordingly, it may be preferred, particularly if the agents also contain bleach, to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
  • the portioned agents according to the invention can also contain copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, monomers containing sulfonic acid groups and, if appropriate, further ionic or nonionic monomers. These copolymers have the effect that the items of tableware treated with such agents become significantly cleaner in subsequent cleaning operations than items of tableware that have been washed with conventional agents. As an additional positive effect, there is a shortening of the drying time of the dishes treated with the cleaning agent, i.e. the consumer can take the dishes out of the machine and reuse them earlier after the cleaning program has ended.
  • drying time is generally understood as meaninging the meaning, that is, the time that elapses before a dishwasher-treated dish surface has dried, but in particular the time that elapses until 90% of a surface treated with a detergent or rinse aid in concentrated or diluted form has dried.
  • the polymers mentioned act in suitable amounts as a salt substitute.
  • the consumer does not have to replenish the regeneration salt supply in his dishwasher and still receives streaked, stain-free and tarnished dishes.
  • unsaturated carboxylic acids of the formula VIII are preferred as the monomer
  • R 1 to R 3 independently of one another are -H -CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH 2 , -OH or - COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or stands for -COOH or - COOR 4 , where R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • H 2 C CH-X-S0 3 H (IXa),
  • H 2 C C (CH 3 ) -X-S0 3 H (IXb),
  • ionic or nonionic monomers are, in particular, ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
  • the group iii) monomer content of the polymers used according to the invention is preferably less than 20% by weight, based on the polymer. Polymers to be used with particular preference consist only of monomers of groups i) and ii).
  • copolymers are made of
  • R 1 to R 3 independently of one another are -H -CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH 2 , -OH or - COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or represents -COOH or - COOR 4 , where R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,
  • Particularly preferred copolymers consist of
  • H 2 C CH-X-S0 3 H (IXa),
  • H 2 C C (CH 3 ) -X-S0 3 H (IXb),
  • copolymers contained in the compositions according to the invention can contain the monomers from groups i) and ii) and optionally iii) in varying amounts, all representatives from group i) with all representatives from group ii) and all representatives from group iii ) can be combined.
  • Particularly preferred polymers have certain structural units, which are described below.
  • agents according to the invention which are characterized in that they contain one or more copolymers which have structural units of the formula X are preferred
  • polymers are produced by copolymerization of acrylic acid with an acrylic acid derivative containing sulfonic acid groups. If the acrylic acid derivative containing sulfonic acid groups is copolymerized with methacrylic acid, another polymer is obtained whose use in the agents according to the invention is also preferred and is characterized in that the agents contain one or more copolymers which have structural units of the formula XI
  • acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid can also be copolymerized with methacrylic acid derivatives containing sulfonic acid groups, as a result of which the structural units in the molecule are changed.
  • Agents according to the invention which contain one or more copolymers which have structural units of the formula XII
  • maleic acid can also be used as a particularly preferred monomer from group i).
  • preferred agents according to the invention are obtained which are characterized in that they contain one or more copolymers which have structural units of the formula XIV
  • automatic dishwashing agents which contain, as ingredient b), one or more copolymers which have structural units of the formulas III and / or IV and / or V and / or VI and / or VII and / or VIII
  • All or part of the sulfonic acid groups in the polymers can be in neutralized form, i.e. that the acidic hydrogen atom of the sulfonic acid group in some or all sulfonic acid groups can be replaced by metal ions, preferably alkali metal ions and in particular by sodium ions.
  • Corresponding agents which are characterized in that the sulfonic acid groups in the copolymer are partially or fully neutralized are preferred according to the invention.
  • the monomer distribution of the copolymers used in the agents according to the invention is preferably 5 to 95% by weight i) or ii), particularly preferably 50 to 90% by weight, in the case of copolymers which contain only monomers from groups i) and ii). % Of monomer from group i) and from 10 to 50% by weight of monomer from group ii), in each case based on the polymer.
  • terpolymers those which contain 20 to 85% by weight of monomer from group i), 10 to 60% by weight of monomer from group ii) and 5 to 30% by weight of monomer from group iii) are particularly preferred ,
  • the molar mass of the polymers used in the agents according to the invention can be varied in order to adapt the properties of the polymers to the intended use.
  • Preferred automatic dishwashing detergents are characterized in that the copolymers have molar masses from 2000 to 200,000 gmol "1 , preferably from 4000 to 25,000 gmol " 1 and in particular from 5000 to 15,000 gmol "1 .
  • the content of one or more copolymers in the agents according to the invention can vary depending on the intended use and the desired product performance, preferred dishwasher detergents according to the invention being characterized in that they contain the copolymer (s) in amounts of 0.25 to 50% by weight. %, preferably from 0.5 to 35% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.75 to 20% by weight and in particular from 1 to 15% by weight.
  • the agents according to the invention can contain further ingredients, with the use of which, for example, targeted the settling behavior or the pourability or flowability can be controlled.
  • Combinations of structuring agents and thickeners have proven particularly useful in non-aqueous systems.
  • Automatic dishwashing agents preferred in the context of the present invention further comprise a) 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of one or more structurants from the group of the bentonites and / or at least partially etherified sorbitols, and b) 5.0 to 30% by weight % of one or more thickeners from the group of carbonates, sulfates and amorphous or crystalline disilicates.
  • the structuring agent a) comes from the group of bentonites and / or at least partially etherified sorbitols. These substances are used to ensure the physical stability of the agents and to adjust the viscosity. Although conventional thickeners such as polyacrylates or polyurethanes fail in non-aqueous media, the viscosity can be controlled with the substances mentioned in the non-aqueous system.
  • Bentonites are contaminated clays that are formed by weathering volcanic tuffs. Due to their high montmorillonite content, bentonites have valuable properties such as swellability, ion exchange capacity and thixotropy. It is possible to modify the properties of the bentonites according to the intended use. Bentonites are a common clay component in tropical soils and are used as sodium bentonite e.g. mined in Wyoming / USA. Sodium bentonite has the most favorable application properties (swellability), so that its use is preferred in the context of the present invention. Naturally occurring calcium bentonites originate, for example, from Mississippi / USA or Texas / USA or from Landshut / D. The naturally obtained Ca bentonites are artificially converted into the more swellable Na bentonites by exchanging Ca for Na.
  • montmorillonites are clay minerals belonging to the phyllosilicates and here to the dioctahedral smectites, which crystallize monoclinic-pseudohexagonal. Montmorillonite predominantly form white, gray-white to yellowish, completely amorphous appearing, easily friable, swelling in the water, but not becoming plastic, by the general formulas
  • AI 2 [(OH) 2 / Si 4 O 10 ] -nH 2 O or AI 2 0 3 -4Si0 2 H 2 O nH 2 0 or AI 2 [(OH) 2 / Si 4 O 10 ] (at 150 ° dried) can be described.
  • Preferred machine dishwashing detergents are characterized in that montmorillonites are used as structuring agents.
  • Montmorillonites have a three-layer structure, which consists of two tetrahedral layers that are electrostatically cross-linked via the cations of an intermediate octahedral layer. The layers are not rigidly connected, but can swell through the reversible incorporation of water (in 2-7 times the amount) and other substances such as alcohols, glycols, pyridine, ⁇ -picoline, ammonium compounds, hydroxy-aluminosilicate ions, etc.
  • the above. Formulas are only approximate formulas since montmorillonites have a large ion exchange capacity. Al can be exchanged for Mg, Fe 2+ , Fe 3 ⁇ Zn, Cr, Cu and other ions. As a result of such a substitution, the layers are negatively charged, which is balanced by other cations, especially Na + and Ca 2+ .
  • At least partially etherified sorbitols can be used as structure donors.
  • Sorbitol is a hexavalent alcohol (sugar alcohol) that is relatively easy to split off one or two moles of water intramolecularly and forms cyclic ethers (for example sorbitan and sorbide). Splitting off of water is also possible intermolecularly, noncyclic ethers being formed from sorbitol and the alcohols concerned. The formation of monoethers and bisethers is also possible here, although higher degrees of etherification such as 3 and 4 can also occur.
  • At least partially etherified sorbitols to be preferably used in the context of the present invention are double etherified sorbitols, of which dibenzylidene sorbitol is particularly preferred.
  • Machine dishwashing detergents are preferred here which contain double etherified sorbitols, in particular dibenzylidene sorbitol, as structuring agents.
  • the agents according to the invention can contain the structuring agents in amounts of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, based on the total agent and on the active substance of the structuring agents.
  • Preferred agents contain the structuring agent in amounts of 0.2 to 0.9% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0.25 to 0.75% by weight and in particular in amounts of 0.3 to 0.5% by weight. %, each based on the total mean.
  • the preferred agents according to the invention may contain inorganic salts from the group of carbonates, sulfates and amorphous or crystalline disilicates as thickeners.
  • the salts mentioned of all metals can be used here, the alkali metal salts are preferred.
  • Alkali carbonate (s), alkali sulfate (s) and / or amorphous (s) and / or crystalline (s) alkali disilicate (s), preferably sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate and / or amorphous or crystalline sodium disilicate, are particularly preferably used as thickeners in the context of the present invention ,
  • the preferred agents according to the invention contain the thickeners in amounts of 5 to 30% by weight, based on the total agent.
  • Particularly preferred agents contain the thickener (s) in amounts of 7.5 to 28% by weight, preferably in amounts of 10 to 26% by weight and in particular in amounts of 12.5 to 25% by weight, in each case based on the entire mean.
  • the solids contained in the agents according to the invention are used as finely as possible. This is particularly advantageous for inorganic thickeners and bleaches.
  • automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention are preferred in which the average particle size of the bleaching agents and thickeners and of the builders which can optionally be used is less than 75 ⁇ m, preferably less than 50 ⁇ m and in particular less than 25 ⁇ m.
  • liquid machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention can also contain other viscosity regulators or thickening agents in order to set a possibly higher viscosity. All known thickeners can be used here, that is to say those based on natural or synthetic polymers.
  • Polymers derived from nature that are used as thickeners are, for example, agar-agar, carrageenan, tragacanth, acacia, alginates, pectins, polyoses, guar flour, locust bean gum, starch, dextrins, gelatin and casein.
  • Modified natural products come primarily from the group of modified starches and celluloses, examples include carboxymethyl cellulose and other cellulose ethers, hydroxyethyl and propyl cellulose and core meal ether.
  • Automatic dishwashing agents preferred in the context of the present invention contain hydroxyethyl cellulose and / or hydroxypropyl cellulose as thickeners, preferably in amounts of 0.01 to 4.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of 0.01 to 3.0% by weight and in particular in amounts of 0.01 to 2.0% by weight, in each case based on the total agent.
  • thickeners that are widely used in a wide variety of applications are the fully synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic and polymethacrylic compounds, vinyl polymers, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides and polyurethanes.
  • Thickeners from the substance classes mentioned are widely available commercially and are sold, for example, under the trade names Acusol ® -820 (methacrylic acid (stearyl alcohol-20-EO) ester-acrylic acid copolymer, 30% in water, Rohm & Haas), Dapral ® - GT-282-S (alkyl polyglycol ether, Akzo), Deuterol ® polymer 11 (dicarboxylic acid copolymer, Schönes GmbH), Deuteron ® -XG (anionic heteropolysaccharide based on ß-D-glucose, D-manose, D- Glucuronic acid, Schönes GmbH), Deuteron ® -XN (non-ionogenic polysaccharide, Schönes GmbH), Dicrylan ® -thickener-0 (ethylene oxide adduct, 50% in water / isopropanol, Pfersse Chemie), EMA ® -81 and EMA ®
  • a preferred polymeric thickener is xanthan, a microbial anionic heteropolysaccharide that is produced by Xanthomonas campestris and some other species under aerobic conditions and has a molecular weight of 2 to 15 million daltons.
  • Xanthan is formed from a chain with ß-1, 4-bound glucose (cellulose) with side chains.
  • the structure of the subgroups consists of glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid, acetate and pyruvate, the number of pyruvate units determining the viscosity of the xanthan.
  • thickeners which are likewise preferably to be used are polyurethanes or modified polyacrylates which, based on the total agent, can be used, for example, in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight.
  • Polyurethanes are produced by polyaddition from dihydric and higher alcohols and isocyanates and can be described by the general formula XVI
  • R 1 is a low molecular weight or polymeric diol radical
  • R 2 is an aliphatic or aromatic group
  • n is a natural number.
  • R 1 is preferably a linear or branched C 2-12 alk (en) yl group, but can also be a residue of a higher alcohol, whereby cross-linked polyurethanes are formed which differ from the above Distinguish formula XVI in that further -O-CO-NH groups are bonded to the radical R.
  • TDI 2,4- or 2,6-toluenediisocyanate
  • MDI C 6 H 4 -CH 2 -C 6 H 4
  • HMDI, R 2 (CH 2 ) 6 ].
  • polyurethane-based thickeners are, for example, under the names Acrysol ® PM 12 V (mixture of 3-5% modified starch and 14-16% PUR resin in water, Rohm & Haas), Borchigel ® L75-N (nonionic PU dispersion, 50% in water, Borchers), Coatex ® BR-100-P (PUR dispersion, 50% in water / butylglycol, Dimed), Nopco ® DSX-1514 (PUR dispersion, 40% in water / butyltrigylcol, Henkel-Nopco), thickener QR 1001 (20% PUR emulsion in water / digylcol ether, Rohm & Haas) and Rilanit ® VPW-3116 (PUR dispersion, 43% in water, Henkel) available.
  • Acrysol ® PM 12 V mixture of 3-5% modified starch and 14-16% PUR resin in water, Rohm & Haas
  • aqueous dispersions For the purposes of the present invention, care must be taken when using aqueous dispersions that the water content of the agents according to the invention remains within the limits specified above. If the use of aqueous dispersions is not possible for these reasons, dispersions in other solvents or the solids can be used.
  • Modified polyacrylates which can be used in the context of the present invention are derived, for example, from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and can be described by the general formula XVII
  • R 3 is H or a branched or unbranched C 1-4 alk (en) yl radical
  • X is NR 5 or O
  • R 4 is an optionally alkoxylated branched or unbranched, possibly substituted C 8 . 22 alk (en) yl radical
  • R 5 is H or R 4 and n is a natural number.
  • modified polyacrylates are generally esters or amides of acrylic acid or an ⁇ -substituted acrylic acid. Preferred among these polymers are those in which R 3 represents H or a methyl group.
  • the two Hydrocarbon radicals which are bonded to the N atom can be selected independently of one another from optionally alkoxylated branched or unbranched C 8-22 alk (en) yl radicals.
  • the designation of the radicals bound to X represents a statistical mean, which can vary in individual cases with regard to chain length or degree of alkoxylation.
  • Formula XVII only gives formulas for idealized homopolymers.
  • copolymers in which the proportion of monomer units which satisfy the formula XVII is at least 30% by weight can also be used in the context of the present invention.
  • copolymers of modified polyacrylates and acrylic acid or salts thereof which still have acidic H atoms or basic -COO groups can also be used.
  • Modified polyacrylates to be preferably used in the context of the present invention are polyacrylate-polymethacrylate copolymers which satisfy the formula XVIIa
  • R 4 for a preferably unbranched, saturated or unsaturated C 8 .
  • 22 - alk (en) yl radical, R ⁇ and R 7 independently of one another are H or CH 3
  • the degree of polymerization n is a natural number
  • the degree of alkoxylation a is a natural number between 2 and 30, preferably between 10 and 20.
  • Products of formula XVIIa strength are commercially for example under the name Acusol ® 820 (Rohm & Haas) in the form of 30 wt .-% dispersions in water available.
  • R 4 is a stearyl radical
  • R 6 is a hydrogen atom
  • R 7 is H or CH 3
  • the degree of ethoxylation a is 20.
  • Portioned detergent or cleaning agent compositions preferred in the context of the present invention additionally contain 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.02 to 4% by weight, particularly preferably 0.05 to 3% by weight and in particular 0.1 up to 1.5% by weight of a thickener, preferably a polymeric thickener, with the thickener being hydroxyethyl cellulose and / or hydroxypropyl cellulose and / or thickeners from the group of the polysaccharides, preferably xanthan, the polyurethanes or the modified polyacrylates, with particular preference given to thickeners Formula XVII
  • R 3 for H or a branched or unbranched C 1-4 alk (en) yl radical
  • X for NR 5 or O
  • R 4 for an optionally alkoxylated branched or unbranched, possibly substituted C 8 . 22 -alk (en) yl radical
  • R 5 is H or R 4 and n is a natural number, are preferred.
  • the agents according to the invention can contain further customary ingredients of cleaning agents, bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, silver protection agents, colorants and fragrances being particularly important. These substances are described below.
  • the natnumperborate tetrahydrate and the natnumperborate monohydrate are of particular importance.
  • Further bleaching agents which can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 0 2 -supplying peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
  • Cleaning agents according to the invention can also contain bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents. Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide.
  • organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids.
  • Preferred representatives are (a) peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as Alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- ⁇ -naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -phthalimido-peroxycaproic acid [phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxyipenamidic acid - n ⁇ nenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1, 12-diperoxy-carboxylic acid, 1, 9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacic acid,
  • Diperoxybrassylic acid the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronic acid) can be used.
  • Chlorine or bromine-releasing substances can also be used as bleaching agents in the cleaning agents according to the invention for machine dishwashing.
  • Suitable materials that release chlorine or bromine include, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with cations such as potassium and sodium.
  • DICA dichloroisocyanuric acid
  • Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.
  • bleach activators that support the effect of the bleaching agents have already been mentioned above as a possible ingredient of the rinse aid particles.
  • Known bleach activators are compounds which contain one or more N- or O-acyl groups, such as substances from the class of the anhydrides, the esters, the imides and the acylated imidazoles or oximes.
  • Examples are tetraacetylethylenediamine TAED, tetraacetylmethylene diamine TAMD and tetraacetylhexylene diamine TAHD, but also pentaacetylglucose PAG, 1, 5-diacetyl-2,2-dioxo-hexahydro-1, 3,5-triazine DADHT and isatoic anhydride ISA.
  • Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Substances are suitable which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
  • bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the rinse aid particles.
  • These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes.
  • Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can also be used as bleaching catalysts.
  • Bleach activators from the group of multi-acylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl- or is-nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOB) are preferred.
  • TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
  • N-acylimides in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI)
  • NOSI N-nonanoylsuccinimide
  • acylated phenolsulfonates in particular n-nonanoyl- or is-nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOB) are preferred.
  • MMA n-Methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methyl sulfate
  • Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes in particular with the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group consisting of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably cobalt (ammin) - Complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese, of manganese sulfate are used in conventional amounts, preferably in an amount of up to 5% by weight, in particular 0.0025% by weight .-% to 1 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 0.01 wt .-% to 0.25 wt .-%, each based on the total agent used. But in special cases, more bleach activator can be used.
  • Agents according to the invention can contain enzymes to increase the washing or cleaning performance, it being possible in principle to use all the enzymes established in the prior art for these purposes. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases or oxidoreductases, and preferably their mixtures. In principle, these enzymes are of natural origin; Based on the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in detergents and cleaning agents, which are accordingly preferred. Agents according to the invention preferably contain enzymes in total amounts of I x 10 ⁇ to 5 percent by weight based on active protein. The protein concentration can be determined using known methods, for example the BCA method (bicinchoninic acid; 2,2'-bichinolyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid) or the biuret method can be determined.
  • BCA method bicinchoninic acid
  • subtilisin type those of the subtilisin type are preferred.
  • subtilisins BPN 'and Carlsberg the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309, the alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus, subtilisin DY and the enzymes thermitase, proteinase K and that which can no longer be assigned to the subtilisins in the narrower sense Proteases TW3 and TW7.
  • Subtilisin Carlsberg is available in a further developed form under the trade name Alcalase ® from Novozymes A / S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
  • subtilisins 147 and 309 are sold under the trade names Esperase ®, or Savinase ® from Novozymes.
  • the variants listed under the name BLAP ® are derived from the protease from Bacillus lentus DSM 5483.
  • proteases are, for example, under the trade names Durazym ®, relase ®, Everlase® ®, Nafizym, Natalase ®, Kannase® ® and Ovozymes ® from Novozymes, under the trade names Purafect ®, Purafect ® OxP and Properase.RTM ® by the company Genencor, which is sold under the trade name Protosol ® by Advanced Biochemicals Ltd., Thane, India, which is sold under the trade name Wuxi ® by Wuxi Snyder Bioproducts Ltd., China, and in the trade name Proleather ® and Protease P ® by the company Amano Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, and the enzyme available under the name Proteinase K-16 from Kao Corp., Tokyo, Japan.
  • amylases which can be used according to the invention are the ⁇ -amylases from Bacillus licheniformis, from B. amyioliquefaciens or from ⁇ . stearothermophilus and its further developments for use in detergents and cleaning agents.
  • the enzyme from ß. licheniformis is available from Novozymes under the name Termamyl ® and from Genencor under the name Purastar ® ST. Development products of this ⁇ - amylase are available from Novozymes under the trade names Duramyl ® and Termamyl ® ultra, from Genencor under the name Purastar® ® OxAm and from Daiwa Seiko Inc., Tokyo, Japan, as Keistase ®.
  • the ⁇ -amylase from ß. amyioliquefaciens is sold by Novozymes under the name BAN ® , and derived variants from the ⁇ -amylase from ⁇ . stearothermophilus under the names BSG ® and Novamyl ® , also from Novozymes.
  • ⁇ -amylase from Bacillus sp. A 7-7 (DSM 12368) and the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from ß. highlight agaradherens (DSM 9948); fusion products of the molecules mentioned can also be used.
  • Another commercial product is the Amylase-LT ® .
  • Agents according to the invention can contain lipases or cutinases, in particular because of their triglyceride-cleaving activities, but also in order to generate peracids in situ from suitable precursors.
  • lipases or cutinases include, for example, the lipases originally obtainable from Humicola lanuginosa (Thermomyces lanuginosus) or further developed, in particular those with the amino acid exchange D96L. They are sold, for example, by Novozymes under the trade names Lipolase ® , Lipolase ® Ultra, LipoPrime ® , Lipozyme ® and Lipex ® .
  • the cutinases can be used, which were originally isolated from Fusarium solani pisi and Humicola insolens.
  • lipases are available from Amano under the designations Lipase CE ®, Lipase P ®, Lipase B ®, or lipase CES ®, Lipase AKG ®, Bacillis sp. Lipase ® , Lipase AP ® , Lipase M-AP ® and Lipase AML ® available.
  • the Genencor company can use, for example, the lipases or cutinases whose starting enzymes were originally isolated from Psseudomonas mendocina and Fusarium solanii.
  • Agents according to the invention can contain cellulases, depending on the purpose, as pure enzymes, as enzyme preparations or in the form of mixtures in which the individual components advantageously complement one another with regard to their various performance aspects.
  • These performance aspects include, in particular, contributions to the primary washing performance, to the secondary washing performance of the agent (anti-deposition effect or graying inhibition) and finish (tissue effect), up to the exertion of a “stone washed” effect.
  • EG endoglucanase
  • Novozymes A useful fungal, endoglucanase (EG) -rich cellulase preparation or its further developments are offered by the Novozymes company under the trade name Celluzyme ® .
  • the products Endolase ® and Carezyme ® also available from Novozymes, are based on the 50 kD-EG and the 43 kD-EG from H. insolens DSM 1800. Other possible commercial products from this company are Cellusoft ® and Renozyme ® .
  • the 20 kD-EG cellulase from Melanocarpus which is from AB Enzymes, Finland, available under the trade names Ecostone ® and Biotouch ® .
  • Suitable mannanases are available, for example under the name Gamanase ® and Pektinex AR ® from Novozymes, under the name Rohapec ® B1 L from AB Enzymes and under the name Pyrolase® ® from Diversa Corp., San Diego, CA, USA , The from ß. subtilis .beta.-glucanase obtained is available under the name Cereflo ® from Novozymes.
  • washing and cleaning agents according to the invention can contain oxidoreductases, for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo-, chloro-, bromo-, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases) contain.
  • oxidoreductases for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo-, chloro-, bromo-, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases) contain.
  • Suitable commercial products are Denilite ® 1 and 2 from Novozymes.
  • organic, particularly preferably aromatic, compounds interacting with the enzymes are additionally added in order to increase the activity of the oxidoreductases in question (enhancers) or to ensure the flow of electrons (mediators) in the case of greatly different redox potentials between the oxidizing enzymes and the soiling.
  • the enzymes used in agents according to the invention either originate from microorganisms, such as the genera Bacillus, Streptomyces, Humicola, or Pseudomonas, and / or are produced by biotechnological processes known per se by suitable microorganisms, for example by transgenic expression hosts of the genera Bacillus or filamentous fungi.
  • the enzymes in question are advantageously purified by methods which are in themselves established, for example by means of precipitation, sedimentation, concentration, filtration of the liquid phases, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, exposure to chemicals, deodorization or suitable combinations of these steps.
  • Agents according to the invention can be added to the enzymes in any form established according to the prior art. These include, for example, the solid preparations obtained by granulation, extrusion or lyophilization or, particularly in the case of liquid or gel-like agents, solutions of the enzymes, advantageously as concentrated as possible, low in water and / or with stabilizers.
  • the enzymes can be encapsulated both for the solid and for the liquid administration form, for example by spray drying or extrusion of the enzyme solution together with a, preferably natural, polymer or in the form of capsules, for example those in which the enzyme is enclosed in a solidified gel are or in those of the core-shell type, in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a protective layer impermeable to water, air and / or chemicals.
  • Additional active ingredients for example stabilizers, emulsifiers, pigments, bleaching agents or dyes, can additionally be applied in superimposed layers.
  • Capsules of this type are applied by methods known per se, for example by shaking or roll granulation or in fluid-bed processes. Such granules are advantageously low in dust, for example by applying polymeric film formers, and are stable on storage due to the coating.
  • a protein and / or enzyme contained in an agent according to the invention can be protected, particularly during storage, against damage such as inactivation, denaturation or disintegration, for example by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage.
  • damage such as inactivation, denaturation or disintegration, for example by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage.
  • the proteins and / or enzymes are obtained microbially, inhibition of proteolysis is particularly preferred, in particular if the agents also contain proteases.
  • Agents according to the invention can contain stabilizers for this purpose; the provision of such agents is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a group of stabilizers are reversible protease inhibitors.
  • Benzamidine hydrochloride, borax, boric acids, boronic acids or their salts or esters are frequently used, including above all derivatives with aromatic groups, for example ortho-.meta- or para-substituted phenylboronic acids, or their salts or esters.
  • Peptide aldehydes, ie oligopeptides with a reduced C-terminus are also suitable. Ovomucoid and leupeptin may be mentioned as peptide protease inhibitors; an additional option is the formation of fusion proteins from proteases and peptide inhibitors.
  • Further enzyme stabilizers are amino alcohols such as mono-, di-, triethanol- and -propanolamine and their mixtures, aliphatic carboxylic acids up to C 12 , such as succinic acid, other dicarboxylic acids or salts of the acids mentioned. End group-capped fatty acid amide alkoxylates can also be used as stabilizers.
  • Di-glycerol phosphate also protects against denaturation by physical influences.
  • Calcium salts are also used, such as calcium acetate or calcium formate, and magnesium salts.
  • Polyamide oligomers or polymeric compounds such as lignin, water-soluble vinyl copolymers or, such as cellulose ethers, acrylic polymers and / or polyamides, stabilize the enzyme preparation, inter alia, against physical influences or pH fluctuations.
  • Polymers containing polyamine-N-oxide act simultaneously as enzyme stabilizers and as color transfer inhibitors.
  • Other polymeric stabilizers are the linear C 8 -C 18 polyoxyalkylenes.
  • Alkyl polyglycosides can also stabilize the enzymatic components of the agent according to the invention and even increase their performance.
  • Crosslinked N-containing compounds fulfill a double function as soil release agents and as enzyme stabilizers.
  • Reducing agents and antioxidants such as sodium sulfite or reducing sugars increase the stability of the enzymes against oxidative breakdown.
  • Combinations of stabilizers are preferably used, for example made of polyols, boric acid and / or borax, the combination of boric acid or borate, reducing salts and succinic acid or other dicarboxylic acids or the combination of boric acid or borate with polyols or polyamino compounds and with reducing salts.
  • the action of peptide-aldehyde stabilizers can be increased by the combination with boric acid and / or boric acid derivatives and polyols and can be further enhanced by the additional use of divalent cations, such as calcium ions.
  • Agents according to the invention are preferred here which additionally contain enzymes and / or enzyme preparations, preferably solid and / or liquid protease preparations and / or amylase preparations, in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight, preferably of 1.5 to 4.5 and in particular from 2 to 4% by weight, based in each case on the total composition.
  • Dyes and fragrances can be added to the agents according to the invention in order to improve the aesthetic impression of the resulting products and to provide the consumer with a product that is visually and sensorially "typical and unmistakable".
  • fragrance compounds for example the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type, can be used as perfume oils or fragrances.
  • Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate,
  • the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes e.g. the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g.
  • perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures as are available from plant sources, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil.
  • muscatel sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.
  • the fragrances can be incorporated directly into the washing or cleaning agents according to the invention, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers which increase the adhesion of the perfume to the laundry and ensure a long-lasting fragrance of the textiles due to a slower fragrance release.
  • Cyclodextrins for example, have proven useful as such carrier materials, and the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can additionally be coated with further auxiliaries.
  • the agents according to the invention can be colored with suitable dyes.
  • Preferred dyes the selection of which is not difficult for the person skilled in the art, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the compositions and to light, and no pronounced substantivity to the substrates to be treated with the compositions, such as textiles, glass, ceramics or plastic tableware, not to mention these to stain.
  • the detergents according to the invention can contain corrosion inhibitors to protect the items to be washed or the machine, particularly silver protection agents in the area of mechanical Dishwashing have a special meaning.
  • the known substances of the prior art can be used.
  • silver protection agents selected from the group of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminothazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular.
  • Benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole are particularly preferably to be used.
  • detergent formulations often contain agents containing active chlorine, which can significantly reduce the corroding of the silver surface.
  • oxygen- and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds such as di- and trihydric phenols, e.g. B. hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds.
  • Salt-like and complex-like inorganic compounds such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce, are also frequently used.
  • transition metal salts which are selected from the group of the manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes , the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate.
  • Zinc compounds can also be used to prevent corrosion on the wash ware.
  • redox-active substances can be used in the portioned detergent or cleaning agent compositions according to the invention.
  • These substances are preferably inorganic redox-active substances from the group of the manganese, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, cobalt and cerium salts and / or complexes, the metals preferably in one of the oxidation states II, III , IV, V or VI are present.
  • the metal salts or metal complexes used are said to be at least partially soluble in water.
  • the counterions suitable for salt formation include all customary one, two or three times negatively charged inorganic anions, e.g. B. oxide, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, but also organic anions such. B. stearate.
  • metal complexes are compounds which consist of a central atom and one or more ligands and, if appropriate, additionally one or more of the abovementioned anions.
  • the central atom is one of the metals mentioned in one of the oxidation states mentioned above.
  • the ligands are neutral molecules or anions that are monodentate or multidentate; the term “ligands” in the sense of the invention is explained in more detail, for example, in “Römpp Chemie Lexikon, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart / New York, 9th edition, 1990, page 2507”.
  • Suitable complexing agents are, for example, citrate, acetylacetonate or 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate.
  • metal salts and / or metal complexes are selected from the group MnSO, Mn (II) citrate, Mn (II) stearate, Mn (II) acetylacetonate, Mn (II) - [1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate ], V 2 0 5 , V 2 0 4 , V0 2 , TiOS0 4 , K 2 TiF 6 , K 2 ZrF 6 , C0SO4, Co (N0 3 ) 2 , Ce (N0 3 ) 3 and mixtures thereof, so that preferred automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention are characterized in that the metal salts and / or metal complexes are selected from the group MnSO 4 , Mn (II) citrate, Mn (II) stearate, Mn (II) acetylacetonate, Mn (II) - [ 1-hydroxyethane
  • metal salts or metal complexes are generally commercially available substances which can be used in the agents according to the invention for the purpose of protecting against silver corrosion without prior cleaning. For example, that's from S0 3 production
  • the inorganic redox-active substances are preferably coated, ie completely coated with a waterproof material which is easily soluble at the cleaning temperatures, in order to prevent their premature decomposition or oxidation during storage.
  • Preferred coating materials which are applied by known processes are paraffins, micro waxes, waxes of natural origin such as carnauba wax, candella wax, beeswax, higher-melting alcohols such as hexadecanol, soaps or fatty acids.
  • the coating material which is solid at room temperature, is applied to the material to be coated in a molten state, for example by spinning finely divided material to be cated in a continuous stream through a likewise continuously generated spray zone of the molten coating material.
  • the melting point must be selected so that the coating material easily dissolves or melts quickly during the silver treatment.
  • the melting point should ideally be in the range between 45 ° C and 65 ° C and preferably in the range 50 ° C to 60 ° C.
  • the metal salts and / or metal complexes mentioned are based in the portioned detergent or cleaning agent compositions according to the invention, in particular machine dishwashing detergents, preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 6% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2.5% by weight on the entire average
  • Another important criterion for assessing a machine dishwashing detergent is, in addition to its cleaning performance, the visual appearance of the dry dishes after cleaning. Possible calcium carbonate deposits on crockery or in the machine interior can, for example, affect customer satisfaction and thus have a causal influence on the economic success of such a cleaning agent.
  • Another long-standing problem with machine dishwashing is the corrosion of glassware, which can usually manifest itself through the appearance of cloudiness, streaks and scratches, but also through iridescence of the glass surface. The effects observed are essentially based on two processes, the emergence of alkali and alkaline earth ions from the glass in connection with hydrolysis of the silicate network, and on the other hand in the deposition of silicate compounds on the glass surface.
  • agents according to the invention if, in addition to the mandatory and optionally optional ingredients mentioned above, certain glass corrosion inhibitors are incorporated into the agents.
  • Preferred agents according to the invention therefore additionally contain one or more magnesium and / or zinc salts and / or magnesium and / or zinc complexes.
  • a preferred class of compounds which can be added to the agents according to the invention to prevent glass corrosion are insoluble zinc salts. These can accumulate on the glass surface during the dishwashing process and prevent metal ions from the glass network from dissolving and the hydrolysis of the silicates. In addition, these insoluble zinc salts also prevent silicate from being deposited on the glass surface, so that the glass is protected from the consequences described above.
  • Insoluble zinc salts in the sense of this preferred embodiment are zinc salts which have a solubility of at most 10 grams of zinc salt per liter of water at 20 ° C.
  • Examples of insoluble zinc salts which are particularly preferred according to the invention are zinc silicate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, basic zinc carbonate (Zn 2 (OH) 2 C0 3 ), zinc hydroxide, zinc oxalate, zinc monophosphate (Zn 3 (P0 4 ) 2 ), and zinc pyrophosphate (Zn 2 (P 2 0 7 )).
  • the zinc compounds mentioned are used in the agents according to the invention in amounts which contain zinc ions between 0.02 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 5.0% by weight and in particular between 0.2 and 1, 0 wt .-%, each based on the agent.
  • the exact content of the zinc salt or zinc salts in the detergents naturally depends on the type of zinc salts - the less soluble the zinc salt used, the higher its concentration in the detergents according to the invention.
  • the particle size of the salts is a criterion to be observed so that the salts do not adhere to glassware or machine parts.
  • liquid aqueous machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention are preferred, in which the insoluble zinc salts have a particle size below 1.7 millimeters.
  • the insoluble zinc salt preferably has an average particle size which is significantly below this value in order to further minimize the risk of insoluble residues, for example an average particle size of less than 250 ⁇ m. This, in turn, is all the more the less the zinc salt is soluble. In addition, the glass corrosion inhibiting effectiveness increases with decreasing particle size.
  • the average particle size is preferably below 100 ⁇ m. For even more poorly soluble salts, it can be even lower; For example, average particle sizes below 100 ⁇ m are preferred for the very poorly soluble zinc oxide.
  • Another preferred class of compounds are magnesium and / or zinc salt (s) of at least one monomeric and / or polymeric organic acid. These have the effect that even with repeated use the surfaces of glassware do not change corrosively, in particular no clouding, streaks or scratches but also no iridescence of the glass surfaces.
  • magnesium and / or zinc salt (s) of monomeric and / or polymeric organic acids can be present in the claimed agents, as described above, the magnesium and / or zinc salts of monomeric and / or polymeric organic acids are obtained from the Groups of the unbranched saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, the branched saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, the saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, the aromatic mono-, di- and tricarboxylic acids, the sugar acids, the hydroxy acids, the oxo acids, the amino acids and / or the polymeric carboxylic acids are preferred.
  • the acids mentioned below are again preferred within these groups: From the group of unbranched saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acids: methanoic acid (formic acid), ethanoic acid (acetic acid), propanoic acid (propionic acid), pentanoic acid (valeric acid), hexanoic acid (caproic acid), heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), octanoic acid (caprylic acid), nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid), Decanoic acid (capric acid), undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid (lauhnic acid), tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), heptadecanoic acid (margaric acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid), eicosanoic acid (arachanoic acid) (
  • benzoic acid 2-carboxybenzoic acid (phthalic acid), 3-carboxybenzoic acid (isophthalic acid), 4-carboxybenzoic acid (terephthalic acid), 3,4-dicarboxybenzoic acid (trimellitic acid), 3.5 -Dicar- boxybenzoic acid (trimesionic acid).
  • sugar acids galactonic acid, mannonic acid, fructonic acid, arabinonic acid, xylonic acid, ribonic acid, 2-deoxy-ribonic acid, alginic acid.
  • hydroxy acids From the group of hydroxy acids: hydroxyphenylacetic acid (mandelic acid), 2-hydroxypropionic acid (lactic acid), hydroxy succinic acid (malic acid), 2,3-dihydroxy-butanedioic acid (tartaric acid), 2-hydroxy-1, 2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid (citric acid) .
  • Ascorbic acid 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid), 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid).
  • oxo acids 2-oxopropionic acid (pyruvic acid), 4-oxopentanoic acid (levulinic acid).
  • amino acids From the group of amino acids: alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, tryptophan, phenylalanine, methionine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine.
  • polyacrylic acid polymethacrylic acid
  • alkyl acrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers alkyl acrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers
  • Alkyl acrylamide / methyl methacrylic acid copolymers copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers, vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers.
  • the spectrum of the zinc salts of organic acids, preferably organic carboxylic acids preferred according to the invention, extends from salts which are sparingly or not soluble in water, ie have a solubility below 100 mg / L, preferably below 10 mg / L, in particular no solubility, up to such salts which have a solubility in water above 100 mg / L, preferably above 500 mg / L, particularly preferably above 1 g / L and in particular above 5 g / L (all solubilities at 20 ° C. water temperature).
  • the first group of zinc salts includes, for example, zinc citrate, zinc oleate and zinc stearate
  • the group of soluble zinc salts includes, for example, zinc formate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and zinc gluconate:
  • the agents according to the invention contain at least one zinc salt, but no magnesium salt of an organic acid, it preferably being at least one zinc salt of an organic carboxylic acid, particularly preferably a zinc salt from the group consisting of zinc stearate, zinc oleate, zinc gluconate and zinc acetate , Zinc lactate and / or zinc citrate. Zinc ricinoleate, zinc abietate and zinc oxalate are also preferred.
  • a preferred agent in the context of the present invention contains zinc salt in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 4% by weight and in particular 0.4 to 3% by weight, or zinc in oxidized form (calculated as Zn 2+ ) in amounts from 0.01 to 1% by weight, preferably from 0.02 to 0.5% by weight and in particular from 0.04 to 0.2% by weight , each based on the total weight of the dishwasher detergent.
  • the portioned detergent and cleaning agent compositions according to the invention are packaged in water-dispersible or water-soluble containers.
  • the corresponding packaging materials are known from the prior art and come, for example, from the group (acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin and mixtures thereof.
  • Detergent compositions are characterized in that the water-soluble or water-dispersible container has one or more water-soluble polymer (s), preferably a material from the group (optionally acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, cellulose, and their derivatives and their mixtures includes.
  • PVAL polyvinyl alcohol
  • PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • polyethylene oxide polyethylene oxide
  • gelatin gelatin
  • cellulose and their derivatives and their mixtures includes.
  • Polyvinyl alcohols (abbreviation PVAL, occasionally also PVOH) is the name for polymers of the general structure
  • polyvinyl alcohols which are offered as white-yellowish powders or granules with degrees of polymerization in the range from approximately 100 to 2500 (molar masses from approximately 4000 to 100,000 g / mol), have degrees of hydrolysis of 98-99 or 87-89 mol%. , therefore still contain a residual content of acetyl groups.
  • the manufacturers characterize the polyvinyl alcohols by stating the degree of polymerization of the starting polymer, the degree of hydrolysis, the saponification number and the solution viscosity.
  • polyvinyl alcohols are soluble in water and a few strongly polar organic solvents (formamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide); They are not attacked by (chlorinated) hydrocarbons, esters, fats and oils.
  • Polyvinyl alcohols are classified as toxicologically safe and are at least partially biological degradable.
  • the water solubility can be reduced by post-treatment with aldehydes (acetalization), by complexing with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid or borax.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol coatings are largely impervious to gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, but allow water vapor to pass through.
  • the water-soluble or water-dispersible container comprises a polyvinyl alcohol, the degree of hydrolysis of which is 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol% and in particular 82 to 88 mol -%.
  • Polyvinyl alcohols of a specific molecular weight range are preferably used as materials for the containers, it being preferred according to the invention that the water-soluble or water-dispersible container comprises a polyvinyl alcohol, the molecular weight of which is in the range from 10,000 to 100,000 gmol "1 , preferably from 11,000 to 90,000 gmol " 1 , particularly preferably from 12,000 to 80,000 gmol "1 and in particular from 13,000 to 70,000 gmol " 1 .
  • the degree of polymerization of such preferred polyvinyl alcohols is between approximately 200 to approximately 2100, preferably between approximately 220 to approximately 1890, particularly preferably between approximately 240 to approximately 1680 and in particular between approximately 260 to approximately 1500.
  • polyvinyl alcohols described above are widely available commercially, for example under the trade name Mowiol ® (Clariant).
  • Mowiol ® Commercially, for example under the trade name Mowiol ® (Clariant).
  • particularly suitable polyvinyl alcohols are, for example, Mowiol ® 3-83, Mowiol ® 4-88, Mowiol ® 5-88 and Mowiol ® 8-88.
  • ELVANOL 51-05, 52-22, 50-42, 85-82, 75-15, T-25, T-66, 90-50 (trademark of Du Pont)
  • ALCOTEX ® 72.5, 78, B72, F80 / 40, F88 / 4, F88 / 26, F88 / 40, F88 / 47 (trademark of Harlow Chemical Co.)
  • Gohsenol ® NK- 05, A-300, AH-22, C- 500, GH-20, GL-03, GM-14L, KA-20, KA-500, KH-20, KP-06, N-300, NH-26, NM11Q, KZ-06 (trademark of Nippon Gohsei KK) ,
  • the water solubility of PVAL can be changed by post-treatment with aldehydes (acetalization) or ketones (ketalization).
  • aldehydes acetalization
  • ketones ketalization
  • Polyvinyl alcohols which have been acetalized or ketalized with the aldehyde or keto groups of saccharides or polysaccharides or mixtures thereof have proven to be particularly preferred and particularly advantageous because of their extremely good solubility in cold water.
  • the reaction products made of PVAL and starch are extremely advantageous to use.
  • solubility in water can be changed by complexing with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid, borax and thus specifically adjusted to the desired values.
  • Films made of PVAL are largely impenetrable for gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, but allow water vapor to pass through.
  • PVAL films examples include the PVAL films available from Syntana bottlesgesellschaft E. Harke GmbH & Co. under the name “SOLUBLON ® ". Their solubility in water can be adjusted to the degree, and films of this product range are available which are soluble in the aqueous phase in all temperature ranges relevant to the application.
  • PVP Polyvinylpyrrolidones
  • P.VP are made by radical polymerization of 1-vinylpyrrolidone.
  • Commercial PVPs have molar masses in the range from approx. 2,500 to 750,000 g / mol and are offered as white, hygroscopic powders or as aqueous solutions.
  • Polyethylene oxides, PEOX for short, are polyalkylene glycols of the general formula
  • Gelatin is a polypeptide (molecular weight: approx. 15,000 to> 250,000 g / mol), which is obtained primarily by hydrolysis of the collagen contained in the skin and bones of animals under acidic or alkaline conditions.
  • the amino acid composition of the gelatin largely corresponds to that of the collagen from which it was obtained and varies depending on its provenance.
  • the use of gelatin as a water-soluble coating material is extremely widespread, particularly in pharmacy in the form of hard or soft gelatin capsules. In the form of films, gelatin is used only to a minor extent because of its high price in comparison to the abovementioned polymers.
  • Agents according to the invention are also preferred within the scope of the present invention, the packaging of which consists of at least partially water-soluble film made of at least one polymer from the group starch and starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, in particular methyl cellulose and mixtures thereof.
  • Starch is a homoglycan, with the glucose units linked ⁇ -glycosidically. Starch is made up of two components of different molecular weights: approx. 20 to 30% straight-chain amylose (MW. Approx. 50,000 to 150,000) and 70 to 80% branched-chain amylopectin (MW. Approx. 300,000 to 2,000,000). It also contains small amounts of lipids, phosphoric acid and cations. While the amylose forms long, helical, intertwined chains with about 300 to 1,200 glucose molecules due to the binding in the 1,4 position, the chain in the amylopectin branches after an average of 25 glucose units through 1,6 binding to form a knot-like structure with about 1,500 to 12,000 molecules of glucose.
  • starch derivatives are also used to produce water-soluble coatings for the detergent, dishwashing and cleaning agent portions within the scope of the present invention suitable, which can be obtained by polymer-analogous reactions from starch.
  • Such chemically modified starches include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxyl hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
  • Starches in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as starch derivatives.
  • the group of starch derivatives includes, for example, alkali starches, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), starch esters and starches and amino starches.
  • ceilulose has the formal gross composition (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n and, viewed formally, is a ß-1, 4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of approx. 500 to 5,000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from ceilulose by polymer-analogous reactions. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
  • celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
  • the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.
  • the water-soluble or water-dispersible containers which contain the agents according to the invention can be produced by any of the methods described in the prior art.
  • Another object of the present application is therefore a process for the production of portioned liquid detergent or cleaning agent compositions, in which at least one solid is dispersed in a water-containing matrix and subsequently packaged in a water-soluble or water-dispersible container, characterized in that at least 70% by weight. -% of the dispersed solid particles have particle sizes below 200 microns.
  • these containers are foil bags (so-called pouches) or injection-molded or deep-drawn bodies.
  • the water-soluble foil that forms the bag has a thickness from 1 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably from 2 to 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 5 to 75 ⁇ m and in particular from 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the wall of these preferred containers has a thickness of 50 to 300 ⁇ m, preferably 70 to 200 ⁇ m and in particular 80 to 150 ⁇ m.
  • a method which is particularly suitable for the production of water-soluble or water-dispersible containers according to the invention is injection molding.
  • Injection molding refers to the shaping of a molding compound in such a way that the mass contained in a mass cylinder for more than one injection molding process plastically softens under the action of heat and flows under pressure through a nozzle into the cavity of a previously closed tool.
  • the process is mainly used for non-hardenable molding compounds that solidify in the mold by cooling.
  • Injection molding is a very economical, modern process for the production of non-cutting shaped objects and is particularly suitable for automated mass production.
  • thermoplastic molding materials are heated to liquefaction (up to 180 ° C) and then injected under high pressure (up to 140 MPa) into closed, two-part, that is, from dies (formerly Matrix) and core (formerly patrix), preferably water-cooled hollow molds, where they cool and solidify.
  • Suitable molding compounds are water-soluble polymers such as, for example, the above-mentioned cellulose ethers, pectins, polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, alginates, gelatin or starch.
  • the present application therefore also relates to a method for producing a filled water-soluble container, comprising the steps: a) injection molding a container from a water-soluble or water-dispersible
  • Detergent composition comprising a water-containing matrix and solid particles dispersed therein, c) closing the filled container with a water-soluble or water-dispersible closure unit, characterized in that at least 70% by weight of the dispersed solid particles have particle sizes below 200 ⁇ m.
  • the water-soluble or water-dispersible closure unit which is used in step c) to close the filled container is preferably a injection molded body, this body preferably having the same spatial shape as the base molded body.
  • a method in which the closure unit has the same three-dimensional shape as the container produced in step a) is therefore preferred in the context of the present invention.
  • a film is used as the closure unit, it being possible for this film to be shaped beforehand, for example by deep-drawing processes.
  • a further preferred subject of the present application is accordingly a aforementioned method, characterized in that the water-soluble closure unit introduced in step c) is a water-soluble or water-dispersible film.
  • the thickness of the water-soluble outer wall of containers according to the invention is not necessarily homogeneous, but can vary depending on the manufacturing process chosen. In the context of the present application, it is preferred that these fluctuations are within the above-mentioned preferred ranges for the wall thickness of containers according to the invention.
  • the base molding and the closure unit can also be closed in different ways.
  • closure methods which are based on partial solvation of the surface of the container and / or the closure unit and / or on heating the container and / or the closure unit to a temperature at which they are plastically deformable are preferred. Both the partial solvation and the heating will preferably not take place on the entire surface of the container and / or the entire surface of the closure unit, but only in the areas in which the subsequent sealing is to take place with the formation of a sealing seam.
  • the surface of the container and / or the closure unit is preferably heated by the use of hot air, heating plates, heated rollers or by heat radiation, preferably laser radiation or other IR sources such as glass fiber (optical fiber).
  • a preferred subject of the present application is consequently a previously described method, in which the closing in step c) takes place by means of hot melt bonding.
  • the rotary die process is particularly suitable for producing water-soluble or water-dispersible containers according to the invention, whereby the term rotary die process within the scope of the present application also includes process variants such as the Accogel process and the reciprocating die - Process using a Norton encapsulation machine, the Colton and the Upjohn process summarized.
  • the concept of the rotary die process is accordingly not to be understood as restrictive, but rather encompasses all process variants known to the person skilled in the art which are suitable for the production of filled containers using molding rolls.
  • an automatic rotary die process using two rotating molding rolls comprising the steps of: a) feeding two water-soluble or water-dispersible foils plastically deformable under the influence of solvent and / or temperature onto two counter-rotating molding rolls, at least one has surface depressions for receiving the container to be produced, which are delimited by webs, b) applying a solvent to at least one of these foils with at least partial solvation of the surface of this foil and / or heating at least one of these foils to a temperature at which this film is plastically deformable, c) optional deep drawing and / or pressing in and / or sinking in at least one of these films into the depressions of the forming roll, d) filling, a liquid detergent or cleaning agent mmensetting, comprising a water-containing matrix and solid particles dispersed therein, d) optional application of an adhesive, e) bringing together the two water-soluble foils plastically deformable under the influence of solvent and / or
  • the temperatures for the plastic deformation in step b) and the heat sealing can differ significantly.
  • the temperature selected in steps b) and c) is below the temperatures required for the hotmelt bonding described above as part of the injection molding process.
  • the temperature for the plastic deformation is preferably 85 to 90 ° C., while the fusion bonding takes place in the temperature range from 150 to 170 ° C.
  • the temperatures for plastic deformation are around 150 ° C, while the fusion bonding takes place in the range from 160 to 200 ° C.
  • the heating of the container materials can be caused by Hot air, heat radiation or direct contact with suitable heating plates or heated rollers.
  • thermoforming process Another process suitable for the production of water-soluble or water-dispersible containers is the so-called deep-drawing process, in particular the thermoforming process, the heating used in typical thermoforming processes optionally supplementing / replacing the at least partial solvation of these films in the context of the present application can be.
  • the present application therefore also relates to a process for producing a water-soluble container, comprising the steps of: a) supplying a water-soluble or water-dispersible film which is plastically deformable under the influence of solvent and / or temperature to a die which has depressions for receiving the container to be produced, b) applying a solvent on this film with at least partial solvation of the surface of this film and / or heating of this film to a temperature at which it is plastically deformable, c) deep drawing and / or pressing and / or sinking this film into the recesses of the die , d) loading the film with a liquid detergent or cleaning agent composition comprising a water-containing matrix and solid particles dispersed therein, e) supplying a further water-soluble or water-dispersible film and sealing the deep drawn form with this film, characterized in that at least 70% by weight of the dispersed solid particles have particle sizes below 200 ⁇ m.
  • step c) of the claimed process represents suitable procedures for deforming these films
  • a process is nevertheless particularly preferred in the context of the present application in which the film in step c) is under the action of a vacuum the plastically deformable film is deep-drawn, which preferably remains until after the process in step e) has ended and retains the film in the depression.
  • step e) of the aforementioned deep-drawing process can, as in the other processes described, be carried out by gluing or melt-gluing, both processes optionally being carried out in combination with an additional pressure.
  • suitable adhesives are, in addition to the adhesives known to the person skilled in the art, also solvents, such as water.
  • the sealing can also be done by melt sealing or pressure.
  • the sealing in step e) is therefore carried out by the action of temperature and / or pressure.
  • the water-soluble container has one or more embossing (s) and / or one or more imprint (s).
  • the solids enclosed in the container can also have such embossments or imprints.
  • the embossing or imprint can also include patterns, shapes, etc.
  • universal detergents can be identified by a T-shirt symbol, color detergent by a wool symbol, cleaning agents for automatic dishwashing by symbols such as glasses, plates, pots, pans, etc.
  • the name of the product or the manufacturer is also suitable as lettering.
  • these water-soluble films can be produced by various manufacturing processes.
  • blowing, calendering and casting processes should be mentioned here.
  • the films are blown from a melt with air through a blow mandrel to form a tube.
  • the raw materials plasticized by suitable additives are atomized to form the films.
  • an aqueous polymer preparation is placed on a heatable drying roller; after the water has evaporated, cooling is optionally carried out and the film is removed as a film. If necessary, this film is additionally powdered off before or during the removal.
  • all materials that can dissolve completely or partially in the aqueous phase under the given conditions of a washing process, rinsing process or cleaning process are suitable as container materials.
  • the polymer materials can particularly preferably be the groups (optionally partially acetalized) of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, ceilulose and their derivatives, starch and their derivatives, in particular modified starches, and mixtures (polymer blends, composites, coextrudates etc.) belong to the materials mentioned - see above.
  • Gelatin and polyvinyl alcohols and the two materials mentioned are particularly preferred in each case in combination with starch or modified starch.
  • Inorganic salts and mixtures thereof can also be used as materials for the at least partially water-soluble coating.
  • an embodiment is preferred according to which the container as a whole is water-soluble, i. H. dissolves completely when used as intended for washing or machine cleaning, if the conditions for loosening have been reached.
  • a major advantage of this embodiment is that the container can be at least partially detached in the cleaning liquor within a practically relevant short time - as a non-limiting example, a few seconds to 5 minutes - under precisely defined conditions, and thus, according to the requirements, the encapsulated content, ie. H. the active cleaning material or several materials into the fleet.
  • the water-soluble container comprises areas which are less or not water-soluble or only water-soluble at a higher temperature and areas which are water-soluble or water-soluble at a low temperature.
  • the container does not consist of a uniform material that has the same water solubility in all areas, but of materials of different water solubility. Areas of good water solubility are to be distinguished on the one hand from areas with less good water solubility, with poor or no water solubility or from areas in which water solubility is only at a higher temperature or at a different pH value or only at a changed electrolyte concentration the desired value achieved, on the other hand.
  • a container with pores or holes is formed, into which water and / or liquor penetrate, detach active, rinse-active or cleaning-active ingredients and can be discharged from the container.
  • Systems in the form of multi-chamber containers or in the form of containers arranged one inside the other (“onion system”) can also be provided in the same way. In this way, systems with controlled release of the wash-active, rinse-active or cleaning-active ingredients can be manufactured.
  • containers can be provided in which a uniform polymer material comprises small areas of incorporated compounds (for example salts) which are more water-soluble than the polymer material.
  • incorporated compounds for example salts
  • polymer blend polymer blend
  • water-soluble areas of the containers are areas made of a material which chemically essentially corresponds to that of the readily water-soluble areas or at lower temperatures water-soluble areas corresponds, but has a higher layer thickness and / or a changed degree of polymerization of the same polymer and / or a higher degree of crosslinking of the same polymer structure and / or a higher degree of acetalization (in the case of PVAL, for example with saccharides, polysaccharides, such as starch) and / or has a content of water-insoluble salt components and / or a content of a water-insoluble polymer.
  • portioned detergent or cleaning agent compositions according to the invention can be provided which have advantageous properties when releasing the detergent or cleaning agent composition into the respective liquor.
  • the water-soluble container material is preferably transparent.
  • transparency is understood to mean that the transmittance within the visible spectrum of light (410 to 800 nm) is greater than 20%, preferably greater than 30%, most preferably greater than 40% and in particular greater than 50%. As soon as a wavelength of the visible spectrum of light has a transmittance greater than 20%, it is to be regarded as transparent in the sense of the invention.
  • Portioned detergent or cleaning agent compositions according to the invention which are packaged in transparent containers, can contain a stabilizing agent as an essential component.
  • Stabilizers in the sense of the invention are materials which protect the detergent components in their water-soluble, transparent containers from decomposition or deactivation by exposure to light. Antioxidants, UV absorbers and fluorescent dyes have proven to be particularly suitable here.
  • Particularly suitable stabilizers in the sense of the invention are the antioxidants.
  • the formulations can contain antioxidants.
  • Phenols, bisphenols and thiobisphenols substituted by sterically hindered groups can be used as antioxidants.
  • Further examples are propyl gallate, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), Tocopherol and the long chain (C8-C22) esters of gallic acid such as dodecyl gallate.
  • Other substance classes are aromatic amines, preferably secondary aromatic amines and substituted p-phenylenediamines, phosphorus compounds with trivalent phosphorus such as phosphines, phosphites and phosphonites, citric acids and citric acid derivatives, such as isopropyl citrate, compounds containing endiol groups, so-called reductones, such as ascorbic acid and its derivatives, such as ascorbic acid palmitate, organosulfur compounds, such as the esters of 3,3 'thiodipropionic acid with C 1-18 alkanols, especially C 10 - 18 alkanols, metal ion deactivators that are capable of catalyzing the auto-oxidation of metal ions such as copper, to complex, such as nitrilotriacetic acid and its derivatives and their mixtures.
  • Antioxidants can be present in the formulations in amounts of up to 35% by weight, preferably up to 25% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 20 and
  • UV absorbers can improve the lightfastness of the recipe components. These include organic substances (light protection filters) that are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and release the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wave radiation, eg heat. Compounds which have these desired properties are, for example, the compounds and derivatives of benzophenone which are active by radiationless deactivation and have substituents in the 2- and / or 4-position.
  • Substituted benzotriazoles such as, for example, the water-soluble benzenesulfonic acid 3- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-hydroxy-5- (methylpropyl) monosodium salt (Cibafast ® H), are also phenyl-substituted acrylates ( Cinnamic acid derivatives), optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanoic acid. Of particular importance are biphenyl and especially stilbene derivatives, which are commercially available as Tinosorb ® FD or Tinosorb ® FR ex Ciba. 3-Benzylidene camphor or 3-benzylidene norcampher and its derivatives, for example 3- (4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, may be mentioned as UV-B absorbers; 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 4-
  • esters of cinnamic acid preferably 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, propyl 4-methoxycinnamate, isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamate (octocrylene);
  • Esters of salicylic acid preferably salicylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, salicylic acid 4-isopropyl benzyl ester, salicylic acid homomethyl ester;
  • benzophenone preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4'-methylbenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone; Esters
  • Ketotricyclo (5.2.1.0) decane derivatives are also suitable.
  • Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and its salts;
  • Sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor such as 4- (2-oxo-3-bornylidene methyl) benzene sulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bornylidene) sulfonic acid and their salts.
  • UV-A filters -4'-meth-oxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), 1-phenyl-3- (4'-isopropylphenyl) propane-1, 3-dione and enamine compounds.
  • the UV-A and UV-B filters can of course also be used in mixtures.
  • insoluble light-protection pigments namely finely dispersed, preferably nanoized metal oxides or salts, are also suitable for this purpose.
  • suitable metal oxides are, in particular, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and, in addition, oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium and mixtures thereof.
  • Silicates (talc), barium sulfate or zinc stearate can be used as salts.
  • the oxides and salts are already used in the form of the pigments for skin-care and skin-protecting emulsions and decorative cosmetics.
  • the particles should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nm and in particular between 15 and 30 nm. They can have a spherical shape, but it is also possible to use particles which have an ellipsoidal shape or a shape which differs in some other way from the spherical shape.
  • the pigments can also be surface treated, i.e. are hydrophilized or hydrophobized.
  • Typical examples are coated titanium dioxides, e.g. Titanium dioxide T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex® T2000 (Merck). Silicones, and in particular trialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones, are particularly suitable as hydrophobic coating agents. Micronized zinc oxide is preferably used.
  • UV absorbers can be present in the detergent or cleaning agent compositions in amounts of up to 5% by weight, preferably up to 3% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 2.0 and in particular from 0.03 to 1% by weight his.
  • fluorescent dyes include the 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids (flavonic), 4,4 '-Distyrylbiphenylen, methyl umbelliferone, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1, 3- diarylpyrazolines, naphthalimides, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole, and benzimidazole systems as with the heterocyclic substituted pyrene derivatives.
  • fluorescent dyes include the 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids (flavonic), 4,4 '-Distyrylbiphenylen, methyl umbelliferone, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1, 3- diarylpyrazolines, naphthalimides, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole, and benzimidazole systems as with the heterocyclic substituted pyrene derivatives.
  • Fluorescent substances can be present in the formulations in amounts of up to 5% by weight, preferably up to 1% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 and in particular from 0.03 to 0.1% by weight.
  • the aforementioned stabilizing agents are used in any mixtures.
  • the stabilizing agents are used in amounts of up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 20% by weight, in particular from 0.02 to 5% by weight.
  • portioned detergent or cleaning agent compositions according to the invention can be provided in such a way that the packaging is water-soluble on the one hand and tightly closing on the other hand, i.e. to the environment is complete.
  • Two embodiments can be implemented according to the invention:
  • the container (s) is / are closed and contains at least one gas which does not react with the detergent or cleaning agent composition, more preferably in an amount such that the total pressure is within the range of the sealed container (s) is above the external pressure, more preferably is at least 1 mbar above the external pressure.
  • Very particularly preferred embodiments of these portions according to the invention contain at least one gas which does not react with the detergent or cleaning agent composition in such an amount that the total pressure inside the closed containers is at least 5 mbar, more preferably at least 10 mbar, very particularly preferably in Range from 10 mbar to 50 mbar above the external pressure.
  • the visual appearance, in particular of film bags can be significantly improved.
  • the correspondingly packaged compositions have an increased inherent stability and give the impression of a bulging, “powerful” agent.
  • external pressure is understood to mean the pressure that prevails on the surrounding side of the containers and on the exterior of the containers acts, at the time of filling the container with the respective at least one gas.
  • the containers can contain either one or more gases.
  • the container is loaded with a gas due to the lower associated Cost preferred.
  • Preferred detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention comprise as gas (s) at least one gas which is selected from the group N 2 , noble gas (s), C0 2 , N 2 0, 0 2 , H 2 , air, gaseous Hydrocarbons, especially N 2 , which is cheaply available everywhere.
  • the gases mentioned are advantageously inert to the components of the wash-active preparation and are therefore sometimes referred to as "inert gases" in the context of the present invention.
  • the container (s) are / are closed and contain at least one substance which, when reacted with water, releases a gas which does not react with the wash-active preparation (s) in an amount such that the total pressure is within the closed range Container rises.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous in that its production is greatly simplified compared to the embodiment in which the gas is contained in the closed container, since only the at least one substance has to be added, which at least when in contact with moisture / water in the closed container generates a gas. Furthermore, any moisture that has entered the container is immediately absorbed and reacted by the substance capable of reacting with water and is therefore no longer available for a deterioration in the quality of the components of the detergent or cleaning agent composition. Mixed forms of the portions are also conceivable, in which from the beginning there is (at least) one gas in the container and one substance capable of reacting with water is contained.
  • the water-releasing substance is a constituent of the detergent or cleaning agent composition and - more preferably - is a hygroscopic substance which is compatible with the components of the detergent or cleaning agent composition.
  • a substance is preferably metered separately from the liquid detergent or cleaning agent composition according to the invention into the water-soluble or water-dispersible container, this container preferably being closed a few seconds, in particular within 10 seconds, after the gas-releasing substance comes into contact with the cleaning agent composition. The release of the gas then increases the internal pressure inside the container to a value above atmospheric pressure and thus achieves the advantages mentioned above.
  • M A is an alkali metal (particularly preferably Li or Na) (for example LiAIH 4 , NaBH 4 , NaAIH 4 ) and M B is B or Al, or M ' 2 C 2 or M M C 2 , where M 1 is a monovalent metal and M 11 is a divalent metal (for example

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
EP03735678A 2002-07-04 2003-06-25 Composition d'agent de lavage et de nettoyage en portions Expired - Lifetime EP1520004B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10230019A DE10230019A1 (de) 2002-07-04 2002-07-04 Portionierte Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung
DE10230019 2002-07-04
PCT/EP2003/006664 WO2004005447A1 (fr) 2002-07-04 2003-06-25 Composition d'agent de lavage et de nettoyage en portions

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EP1520004A1 true EP1520004A1 (fr) 2005-04-06
EP1520004B1 EP1520004B1 (fr) 2006-12-20

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EP (1) EP1520004B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2005536584A (fr)
AT (1) ATE348871T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003238045A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10230019A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2279122T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004005447A1 (fr)

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DE10237200A1 (de) 2002-08-14 2004-03-04 Henkel Kgaa Portionierte Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung
US8674021B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2014-03-18 Akzo Nobel N.V. Sulfonated graft copolymers
GB0811399D0 (en) * 2008-06-20 2008-07-30 Edwards David B Cushion Pack
MX341475B (es) 2009-07-31 2016-08-19 Akzo Nobel N V * Composiciones de copolimero hibrido para aplicaciones de cuidado personal.
US8636918B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-01-28 Ecolab Usa Inc. Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide hybrid polymer composition and methods of controlling hard water scale
US8853144B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-10-07 Ecolab Usa Inc. Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide graft polymer composition and methods of improving drainage
US8679366B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-03-25 Ecolab Usa Inc. Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide graft polymer composition and methods of controlling hard water scale
US8841246B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-09-23 Ecolab Usa Inc. Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide hybrid polymer composition and methods of improving drainage
MX2014005094A (es) 2011-11-04 2014-08-08 Akzo Nobel Chemicals Int Bv Copolimeros de dendrita hibridos, composiciones de los mismos y metodos para producirlos.
US9051406B2 (en) 2011-11-04 2015-06-09 Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. Graft dendrite copolymers, and methods for producing the same
US8802612B2 (en) * 2012-02-09 2014-08-12 Aicello Corporation Detergent packet
US8945314B2 (en) 2012-07-30 2015-02-03 Ecolab Usa Inc. Biodegradable stability binding agent for a solid detergent
US9365805B2 (en) 2014-05-15 2016-06-14 Ecolab Usa Inc. Bio-based pot and pan pre-soak
JP5801941B1 (ja) * 2014-11-21 2015-10-28 株式会社ニイタカ 洗浄剤組成物、食器洗浄方法、液体洗浄剤組成物用キット及びカートリッジ洗浄剤
JP6834012B2 (ja) * 2017-02-06 2021-02-24 ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニーＴｈｅ Ｐｒｏｃｔｅｒ ＆ Ｇａｍｂｌｅ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ 脆弱線を含む洗濯洗剤シート

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Publication number Publication date
WO2004005447A1 (fr) 2004-01-15
ATE348871T1 (de) 2007-01-15
DE10230019A1 (de) 2004-02-12
ES2279122T3 (es) 2007-08-16
AU2003238045A1 (en) 2004-01-23
DE50306049D1 (de) 2007-02-01
EP1520004B1 (fr) 2006-12-20
JP2005536584A (ja) 2005-12-02

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