EP1520004B1 - Composition d'agent de lavage et de nettoyage en portions - Google Patents

Composition d'agent de lavage et de nettoyage en portions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1520004B1
EP1520004B1 EP03735678A EP03735678A EP1520004B1 EP 1520004 B1 EP1520004 B1 EP 1520004B1 EP 03735678 A EP03735678 A EP 03735678A EP 03735678 A EP03735678 A EP 03735678A EP 1520004 B1 EP1520004 B1 EP 1520004B1
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Prior art keywords
acid
water
weight
soluble
detergent composition
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EP03735678A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1520004A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Nitsch
Ulrich Pegelow
Alexander Lambotte
Markus Semrau
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • C11D17/042—Water soluble or water disintegrable containers or substrates containing cleaning compositions or additives for cleaning compositions
    • C11D17/043—Liquid or thixotropic (gel) compositions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to portioned detergent and cleaner compositions which facilitate the dosage of detergents and cleaners to the consumer.
  • the invention relates to hydrous portioned detergent compositions which are packaged in a container of water-soluble or water-dispersible film.
  • Detergents and cleaning agents and processes for their preparation are well known and therefore broadly described in the prior art. Usually, they are made available to the consumer in the form of spray-dried or granulated powder products or as liquid goods. Following the consumer's desire for simple dosing, in addition to these two classic variants, products in pre-portioned form have become established in the marketplace and are also comprehensively described in the prior art, in particular pressed moldings, ie tablets, blocks, briquettes and the like, and packaged in sachets Portions of solid or liquid detergents and cleaners are described.
  • German Patent Application 11 30 547 (Procter & Gamble) discloses packages of water-soluble films of polyvinyl alcohol which are filled with non-liquid synthetic detergents. This document does not comment on the particle sizes of the packaged detergents.
  • liquid washing or cleaning compositions it may additionally happen that the drops or product threads which are trapped in the seam to be formed are subjected to such high thermal stresses when using a heat-sealing method that the composition boils causing further leakage, discoloration or in the process Emergency even accidents can result from thermal decomposition.
  • a pourable detergent composition in which the seams of the containers made of water-dispersible or water-soluble film are impermeable to the atmosphere was an object of the present invention. It has been shown that the problem of leaking seams and the consequential problems resulting therefrom can be ruled out if the water-containing liquid detergent compositions to be portioned satisfy certain criteria with regard to the particle size of the particles suspended in the water-containing, liquid matrix.
  • the invention therefore relates to a portioned liquid washing or cleaning composition in a container of water-dispersible or water-soluble film, comprising a hydrous matrix and solid particles dispersed therein, wherein at least 70 wt .-% of the dispersed solid particles have particle sizes below 200 microns and the aqueous matrix Has water content above 6 wt .-%.
  • the above-mentioned problems of sealing in the seam remaining drops or liquid threads no longer occur.
  • the at least 70% by weight of the particles and the 200 ⁇ m are to be understood as upper limits which, for example, result from the fact that solids used for technical reasons may also contain small amounts of coarse fractions.
  • a proportion of particularly fine particles whose particle sizes are well below 200 ⁇ m may also be advantageous.
  • At least 50 wt .-%, preferably at least 55 wt .-%, more preferably at least 60 wt .-% and in particular at least 70 wt .-% of the dispersed solid particles have particle sizes between 1 and 200 .mu.m, preferably between 5 and 160 ⁇ m, more preferably between 7.5 and 120 ⁇ m and in particular between 10 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • liquid detergent or cleaning compositions according to the invention which are packaged in the containers of water-soluble or water-dispersible film, can be of low to high viscosity.
  • liquid denotes at room temperature flowable agents which can leak from containers under the action of gravity.
  • the viscosity of the detergent or cleaning agent compositions does not play a decisive role in solving the problem of dripping and stringing and resulting container seam imperfections.
  • the advantages of the agents according to the invention with regard to the solution of but described problems can be further developed if the viscosity of the funds in certain areas.
  • portioned washing or cleaning compositions in which the liquid detergent or cleaning composition has a viscosity (Brookfield LVT-II viscosimeter at 20 rpm and 20 ° C., spindle 3) of 500 to 50,000 mPas, preferably 1,000 to 10,000 mPas, particularly preferably from 1200 to 5000 mPas and in particular from 1300 to 3000 mPas.
  • a viscosity Brookfield LVT-II viscosimeter at 20 rpm and 20 ° C., spindle 3
  • 500 to 50,000 mPas preferably 1,000 to 10,000 mPas, particularly preferably from 1200 to 5000 mPas and in particular from 1300 to 3000 mPas.
  • compositions of the invention are packaged in containers of water-soluble or water-dispersible film.
  • the use of such films does not exclude the packaging of aqueous compositions in principle.
  • compositions with a water content below 5% by weight do not generally attack water-dispersible or water-soluble packaging materials such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films, there are various possibilities for packaging aqueous compositions having water contents above 6% by weight, the undesirable dissolution of the package-forming To prevent substances by the means contained.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • European patent specification EP 518 689 B1 (Rhone-Poulenc Agrochemie) describes the addition of organic or inorganic salts to water-containing compositions, which results in an increase in the electrolyte concentration and a reduction in the water solubility of the packaging materials, such as polyethylene oxide, methylcellulose or polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the coating of water-soluble films with wasserun handlingichen films (laminate films) or particles of PVdC (polyvinyldendichloride) or PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) are described in the prior art.
  • the increase in the electrolyte concentration has proven to be particularly advantageous in the context of the present invention.
  • This method allows preferred detergent or detergent compositions contained in the containers to have a water content above 6% by weight without dissolving the surrounding water-soluble or water-dispersible container.
  • the water-containing matrix in the context of the present invention portioned detergent or cleaner composition thus has a water content above 6 wt .-%, preferably between 10 to 70 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 20 and 60 wt .-% and in particular between 30 and 50 Wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the detergent or cleaner composition, on.
  • compositions according to the invention are present as a solid suspension in a water-containing matrix which, in addition to the water, may also contain other non-aqueous solvents.
  • solid suspension does not exclude in the context of the present application, in that the solid substances contained in the agents according to the invention are present at least partly in solution. Regardless of these dissolved portions, however, the compositions according to the invention have a proportion of suspended solids, wherein the restriction of the particle size according to the invention has proved particularly advantageous for those compositions which have a weight fraction of suspended solids above 1% by weight, preferably above 2% by weight. particularly preferably above 4 wt .-% and in particular above 8 wt .-% have.
  • non-aqueous solvents are derived, for example, from the groups of the monoalcohols, diols, triols or polyols, ethers, esters and / or amides. Particular preference is given to nonaqueous solvents which are water-soluble, "water-soluble" solvents in the context of the present application being solvents which are completely miscible with water at room temperature, ie without a miscibility gap.
  • Non-aqueous solvents which can be used in the compositions according to the invention preferably originate from the group of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, alkanolamines or glycol ethers, provided they are miscible with water in the concentration range indicated.
  • the solvents are selected from ethanol, n- or i-propanol, butanols, glycol, propane or butanediol, glycerol, diglycol, propyl or butyl diglycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol propyl ether, Etheylenglykolmonon-butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, di-ethylenglykolethylether Propylene glycol methyl, ethyl or propyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl or ethyl ether, methoxy, ethoxy or butoxy t
  • a particularly preferred portioned detergent or cleaning composition in the context of the present invention is characterized in that it contains nonaqueous solvents in amounts of from 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 60% by weight, especially preferably from 1 to 50% by weight, very particularly preferably from 2 to 40% by weight and in particular from 2.5 to 30% by weight, based in each case on the total composition, preference being given to nonaqueous ( s) solvent is / are selected from the group of liquid at room temperature nonionic surfactants, the polyethylene glycols and Pölypropylenglycole, glycerol, glycerol carbonate, triacetin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propylene carbonate, hexylene glycol, ethanol and n-propanol and / or iso-propanol.
  • nonaqueous solvents in amounts of from 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 60% by weight, especially preferably from 1 to 50% by weight, very particularly preferably from 2 to
  • non-ionic surfactants which are liquid at room temperature are described in detail below as washing or cleaning-active substances.
  • Polyethylene glycols which can be used according to the invention are liquid at room temperature.
  • PEG are polymers of ethylene glycol which are of general formula (I) H- (O-CH 2 -CH 2 ) n -OH (I) n, where n can assume values between 1 (ethylene glycol, see below) and about 16.
  • n can assume values between 1 (ethylene glycol, see below) and about 16.
  • polyethylene glycols are, for example, under the trade name Carbowax ® PEG 200 (Union Carbide), Emkapol ® 200 (ICI Americas), Lipoxol ® 200 MED (Huls America), polyglycol ® E-200 (Dow Chemical), Alkapol ® PEG 300 (Rhone -Poulenc), Lutrol ® E300 (BASF) and the corresponding trade names with higher numbers.
  • Polypropylene glycols which can be used according to the invention are polymers of propylene glycol which correspond to the general formula (II) n, where n can assume values between 1 (propylene glycol, see below) and about 12.
  • n can assume values between 1 (propylene glycol, see below) and about 12.
  • Glycerin is a colorless, clear, heavy-bodied, odorless sweet-tasting hygroscopic liquid of density 1.261 that solidifies at 18.2 ° C. Glycerin was originally a by-product of fat saponification, but is now becoming technical in large quantities synthesized. Most technical processes are based on propene, which is processed into glycerol via the intermediates allyl chloride, epichlorohydrin. Another technical process is the hydroxylation of allyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide at the WO 3 contact via the step of the glycide.
  • Glycerol carbonate is accessible by transesterification of ethylene carbonate or dimethyl carbonate with glycerol, as by-products of ethylene glycol or methanol incurred. Another synthetic route is based on glycidol (2,3-epoxy-1-propanol), which is converted under pressure in the presence of catalysts with CO 2 to glycerol carbonate. Glycerine carbonate is a clear, easily agitated liquid with a density of 1.398 gcm -3 , which boils at 125-130 ° C (0.15 mbar).
  • Ethylene Glycol (1,2-Ethanediol, "Glycol”) is a colorless, viscous, sweet-tasting, highly hygroscopic liquid that is miscible with water, alcohols and acetone and has a density of 1.113.
  • the solidification point of ethylene glycol is -11.5 ° C, the liquid boils at 198 ° C.
  • ethylene glycol is recovered from ethylene oxide by heating with water under pressure. Promising manufacturing processes can also be built on the acetoxylation of ethylene and subsequent hydrolysis or on synthesis gas reactions.
  • 1,3-Propanediol trimethylene glycol
  • 1,0597 a neutral, colorless and odorless, sweet-tasting liquid of density 1,0597, which solidifies at -32 ° C and boils at 214 ° C.
  • the preparation of 1,3-propanediol succeeds from acrolein and water with subsequent catalytic hydrogenation.
  • 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol), which is an oily, colorless, almost odorless liquid, density 1.0381, which solidifies at -60 ° C and boils at 188 ° C.
  • 1,2-Propanediol is prepared from propylene oxide by water addition.
  • Propylene carbonate is a water-bright, easily mobile liquid, with a density of 1.21 gcm -3 , the melting point is -49 ° C, the boiling point at 242 ° C. Also propylene carbonate is industrially accessible by reaction of propylene oxide and CO 2 at 200 ° C and 80 bar.
  • solids of the particle size according to the invention are suspended. These solids may be derived, for example, from the groups of builders, co-builders, polymers, bleaches, bleach activators, silver protectants, optical brighteners, enzymes. Builders are preferably the main constituent of the suspended solid phase.
  • Builders are used in the compositions of the invention especially for binding calcium and magnesium.
  • Usual builders in the context of the invention, for example, in amounts of from 22.5 to 45 wt .-%, preferably from 25 to 40 wt .-% and in particular from 27.5 to 35 wt .-%, each based on the total agent , may be present, are the low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids and their salts, the homopolymeric and copolymeric polycarboxylic acids and their salts, the carbonates, phosphates and sodium and potassium silicates.
  • Trisodium citrate and / or pentasodium tripolyphosphate and silicatic builders from the class of alkali disilicates are preferably used for the cleaning agents according to the invention.
  • the potassium salts are preferable to the sodium salts because they often have a higher water solubility.
  • Preferred water-soluble builders are, for example, tripotassium citrate, potassium carbonate and the potassium water glasses.
  • Particularly preferred automatic dishwashing agents contain as builders phosphates, preferably alkali metal phosphates with particular preference of pentasodium or Pentakaliumtriphosphat (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate).
  • Alkali metal phosphates is the summary term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish metaphosphoric acids (HPO 3 ) n and orthophosphoric H 3 PO 4 in addition to higher molecular weight representatives.
  • the phosphates combine several advantages: they act as alkali carriers, prevent limescale deposits and also contribute to the cleaning performance.
  • Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH 2 PO 4 exists as a dihydrate (density 1.91 gcm -3 , melting point 60 °) and as a monohydrate (density 2.04 gcm -3 ). Both salts are white powders which are very soluble in water and which lose their water of crystallization when heated and at 200 ° C into the weak acid diphosphate (disodium hydrogen diphosphate, Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 ), at higher temperature in sodium trimetaphosphate (Na 3 P 3 O 9 ) and Maddrell's salt (see below).
  • NaH 2 PO 4 is acidic; It arises when phosphoric acid is adjusted to a pH of 4.5 with sodium hydroxide solution and the mash is sprayed.
  • Potassium dihydrogen phosphate potassium phosphate primary or monobasic potassium phosphate, KDP
  • KH 2 PO 4 is a white salt of 2.33 gcm -3 density, has a melting point of 253 ° [decomposition to form potassium polyphosphate (KPO 3 ) x ] and is light soluble in water.
  • Sodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate), Na 2 HPO 4 , is a colorless, very slightly water-soluble crystalline salt. It exists anhydrous and with 2 moles (density 2.066 gcm -3 , loss of water at 95 °), 7 moles (density 1.68 gcm -3 , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H 2 O) and 12 moles water ( Density 1.52 gcm -3 , melting point 35 ° with loss of 5 H 2 O), is at 100 ° anhydrous and goes on stronger heating in the diphosphate Na 4 P 2 O 7 .
  • Disodium hydrogen phosphate is prepared by neutralization of phosphoric acid with soda solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator.
  • Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (secondary or dibasic potassium phosphate), K 2 HPO 4 , is an amorphous, white salt that is readily soluble in water.
  • Trisodium phosphate, tertiary sodium phosphate, Na 3 PO 4 are colorless crystals which have a density of 1.62 gcm -3 as dodecahydrate and a melting point of 73-76 ° C (decomposition), as decahydrate (corresponding to 19-20% P 2 O 5 ) have a melting point of 100 ° C and in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P 2 O 5 ) have a density of 2.536 gcm -3 .
  • Trisodium phosphate is readily soluble in water under alkaline reaction and is prepared by evaporating a solution of exactly 1 mole of disodium phosphate and 1 mole of NaOH.
  • Tripotassium phosphate (tertiary or tribasic potassium phosphate), K 3 PO 4 , is a white, deliquescent, granular powder of density 2.56 gcm -3 , has a melting point of 1340 ° and is readily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction. It arises, for example, when heating Thomasschlacke with coal and potassium sulfate. Despite the higher price, the more soluble, therefore highly effective, potassium phosphates are often preferred in the detergent industry compared to corresponding sodium compounds.
  • Tetrasodium diphosphate (sodium pyrophosphate), Na 4 P 2 O 7 , exists in anhydrous form (density 2.534 gcm -3 , melting point 988 °, also indicated 880 °) and as decahydrate (density 1.815-1.836 gcm -3 , melting point 94 ° with loss of water) , For substances are colorless, in water with alkaline reaction soluble crystals.
  • Na 4 P 2 O 7 is formed on heating of disodium phosphate to> 200 ° or by reacting phosphoric acid with soda in a stoichiometric ratio and dewatering the solution by spraying.
  • the decahydrate complexes heavy metal salts and hardness agents and therefore reduces the hardness of the water.
  • Potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), K 4 P 2 O 7 , exists in the form of the trihydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder with a density of 2.33 gcm -3 , which is soluble in water, the pH being 1% Solution at 25 ° 10.4.
  • Sodium and potassium phosphates in which one can distinguish cyclic representatives, the sodium or Kaliummetaphosphate and chain types, the sodium or potassium polyphosphates. In particular, for the latter are a variety of names in use: hot or cold phosphates, Graham's salt, Kurrolsches and Maddrell's salt. All higher sodium and potassium phosphates are collectively referred to as condensed phosphates.
  • pentasodium triphosphate Na 5 P 3 O 10 (sodium tripolyphosphate)
  • sodium tripolyphosphate sodium tripolyphosphate
  • n 3
  • 100 g of water dissolve at room temperature about 17 g, at 60 ° about 20 g, at 100 ° around 32 g of the salt water-free salt; after two hours of heating the solution to 100 ° caused by hydrolysis about 8% orthophosphate and 15% diphosphate.
  • pentasodium triphosphate In the preparation of pentasodium triphosphate, phosphoric acid is reacted with sodium carbonate solution or sodium hydroxide solution in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dehydrated by spraying. Similar to Graham's salt and sodium diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate dissolves many insoluble metal compounds (including lime soaps, etc.). Pentakaliumtriphosphat, K 5 P 3 O 10 (potassium tripolyphosphate), for example, in the form of a 50 wt .-% solution (> 23% P 2 O 5 , 25% K 2 O) in the trade. The potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the washing and cleaning industry.
  • Preferred automatic dishwashing agents contain from 20 to 60% by weight of one or more water-soluble builders, preferably citrates and / or phosphates, preferably alkali metal phosphates with particular preference of pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate).
  • water-soluble builders preferably citrates and / or phosphates, preferably alkali metal phosphates with particular preference of pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate).
  • the level of water-soluble builders is within narrower limits.
  • compositions according to the invention may contain phosphates condensed as water-softening substances. These substances form a group of - because of their production also mentioned melting or annealing phosphates - phosphates, which can be derived from acidic salts of orthophosphoric acid (phosphoric acids) by condensation.
  • the condensed phosphates can be classified into the metaphosphates [Mnn (PO 3 ) n ] and polyphosphates (M 1 n + 2 P n O 3n + 1 or M 1 n H 2 P n O 3n + 1 ).
  • Metaphosphates are obtained as by-products of Graham's salt - mistakenly referred to as sodium hexametaphosphate - by melting NaH 2 PO 4 to temperatures above 620 ° C. whereby intermediately also so-called Maddrell's salt is formed.
  • This and Kurrolsches salt are linear polyphosphates, which are usually not one of the metaphosphates today, but also in the context of the present invention are also used with preference as water-softening substances.
  • the quenched, glassy melt is, depending on the reaction conditions, the water-soluble Graham's salt, (NaPO 3 ) 40-50 , or a glassy condensed phosphate of the composition (NaPO 3 ) 15-20 , known as Calgon.
  • the misleading term hexametaphosphate is still in use.
  • Kurrol's salt (NaPO 3 ) n with n »5000, is also produced from the 600 ° C hot melt of Maddrell's salt, if this is left for a short time at about 500 ° C. It forms high polymer water-soluble fibers.
  • particularly preferred portioned detergent or cleaner composition is characterized in that the dispersed solid particles comprise one or more water-soluble organic and / or inorganic salts, preferably water-soluble builders, preferably citrates and / or phosphates, preferably alkali metal phosphates, with particular preference of pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate ( Sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), preference being given to compositions containing the said dispersed solids in amounts of from 5 to 70% by weight, preferably from 10 to 65% by weight, particularly preferably from 15 to 60% by weight, most preferably from 20 to 55 wt .-% and in particular from 25 to 50 wt .-%, each based on the total composition.
  • the dispersed solid particles comprise one or more water-soluble organic and / or inorganic salts, preferably water-soluble builders, preferably citrates and / or phosphates, preferably alkali metal phosphates, with particular preference of pentasodium or pent
  • the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary, alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol radical is linear or preferred may be methyl branched in the 2-position or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten.
  • alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred.
  • the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9-11 alcohols with 7 EO, C 13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12-14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C 12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO.
  • the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number.
  • Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
  • fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
  • nonionic surfactants and alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x can be used in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially in the 2-position methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose.
  • the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.
  • nonionic surfactants used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
  • Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides may also be suitable.
  • the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.
  • polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (III) wherein RCO is an aliphatic acyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 1 is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
  • the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
  • the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (IV) in the R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R 2 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with C 1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated Derivatives of this residue.
  • R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
  • R 1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having
  • [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
  • the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
  • low-foaming nonionic surfactants are used as preferred surfactants.
  • the automatic dishwasher detergents according to the invention contain a nonionic surfactant which has a melting point above room temperature.
  • preferred agents are characterized by containing nonionic surfactant (s) having a melting point above 20 ° C, preferably above 25 ° C, more preferably between 25 and 60 ° C, and most preferably between 26.6 and 43, 3 ° C, included.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants which have melting or softening points in the temperature range mentioned are, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants, which may be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. If high-viscosity nonionic surfactants are used at room temperature, it is preferred that they have a viscosity above 20 Pas, preferably above 35 Pas and in particular above 40 Pas. Nonionic surfactants which have waxy consistency at room temperature are also preferred.
  • Preferred nonionic surfactants to be used at room temperature are from the groups of the alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary alcohols, and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene (PO / EO / PO) surfactants.
  • Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.
  • the nonionic surfactant having a melting point above room temperature is an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant consisting of the reaction of a monohydroxyalkanol or alkylphenol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably at least 12 mol, more preferably at least 15 mol, especially at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol or alkylphenol emerged.
  • a particularly preferred room temperature solid nonionic surfactant is obtained from a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C 16-20 alcohol), preferably a C 18 alcohol and at least 12 moles, preferably at least 15 moles and especially at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide , Of these, the so-called “narrow range ethoxylates" (see above) are particularly preferred.
  • particularly preferred agents according to the invention contain ethoxylated nonionic surfactant (s) consisting of C 6-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6-20 alkylphenols or C 16-20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 mol, preferably more than 15 mol and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol was recovered (n).
  • ethoxylated nonionic surfactant consisting of C 6-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C 6-20 alkylphenols or C 16-20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 mol, preferably more than 15 mol and in particular more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol was recovered (n).
  • the nonionic surfactant preferably additionally has propylene oxide units in the molecule.
  • such PO units make up to 25 wt .-%, more preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant from.
  • Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or alkylphenols which additionally have polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units.
  • the alcohol or alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules preferably constitutes more than 30% by weight, more preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total molecular weight of such nonionic surfactants.
  • Preferred detergent or cleaning compositions are characterized by containing ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants wherein the propylene oxide units in the molecule are up to 25 Wt .-%, preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant account.
  • nonionic surfactants having melting points above room temperature contain from 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend containing 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25 Wt .-% of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene, initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 moles of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole of trimethylolpropane.
  • Nonionic surfactants that may be used with particular preference are available, for example under the name Poly Tergent ® SLF-18 from Olin Chemicals.
  • a further preferred detergent or cleaner composition according to the invention contains nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O] x [CH 2 CH 2 O] y [CH 2 CH (OH) R 2 ], in which R 1 is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 Köhlstoffatomen or mixtures thereof, R 2 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x for values between 0.5 and 1.5 and y is a value of at least 15.
  • nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 in which R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5.
  • each R 3 in the above formula may be different.
  • R 1 and R 2 are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred.
  • R 3 H, -CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 3 are particularly preferred.
  • Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.
  • each R 3 in the above formula may be different if x ⁇ 2.
  • the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied.
  • the value 3 for x has been selected here by way of example and may well be greater, with the variation width increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined above and x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18.
  • Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R 1 and R 2 has 9 to 14 C atoms, R 3 is H and x assumes values of 6 to 15.
  • laundry detergent or detergent compositions are preferred, the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x [CH 2 ] k CH (OH) [CH 2 ] j OR 2 in which R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R 3 is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso Is propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5, surfactants of the type R 1 O [CH 2 CH (R 3 ) O] x CH 2 CH (OH) CH 2 OR 2 in which x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and especially from 6 to 18, are particularly preferred.
  • R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated
  • anionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants may also be used, especially in textile detergents, these being of minor importance because of their foaming behavior in automatic dishwashing detergents and usually only in amounts of less than 10% by weight, in most cases even below 5% by weight, for example from 0.01 to 2.5% by weight, in each case based on the agent.
  • the agents according to the invention can thus also contain anionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants as surfactant component.
  • anionic surfactants for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates are used.
  • the surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, as are obtained, for example, from C 12-18 -monoolefins having terminal or internal double bonds by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration.
  • alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C 12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
  • esters of ⁇ -sulfo fatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids are suitable.
  • sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and mixtures thereof, as obtained in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
  • Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
  • Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
  • C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 12 -C 15 alkyl sulfates and C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred.
  • 2,3-alkyl sulfates, which as Commercial products of Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ® can be obtained are suitable anionic surfactants.
  • EO ethylene oxide
  • Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Due to their high foaming behavior, they are only used in detergents in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
  • alcohols preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
  • Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these.
  • Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves constitute nonionic surfactants (see description below).
  • Sulfosuccinates whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are again particularly preferred.
  • alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
  • anionic surfactants are particularly soaps into consideration.
  • Suitable are saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular of natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
  • the anionic surfactants may be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
  • the anionic surfactants are preferably present in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
  • automatic dishwashing detergents In addition to the surfactants and builders, in particular bleaches, bleach activators, enzymes, silver protectants, dyes and fragrances are preferred ingredients of automatic dishwashing detergents. In addition, further ingredients may be present, automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention being preferred which additionally contain one or more substances from the group of acidifying agents, chelating agents or coating-inhibiting polymers.
  • Acidifying agents are both inorganic acids and organic acids, provided that they are compatible with the other ingredients.
  • the solid mono-, oligo- and polycarboxylic acids are used. Again preferred from this group are citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid as well as polyacrylic acid.
  • the anhydrides of these acids can be used as Acidisersstoff, in particular maleic anhydride and succinic anhydride are commercially available.
  • Organic sulfonic acids such as sulfamic acid are also usable.
  • a commercially available as an acidifier in the context of the present invention also preferably be used is Sokalan ® DCS (trademark of BASF), a mixture of succinic acid (max. 31 wt .-%), glutaric acid (max. 50 wt .-%) and adipic acid ( at most 33% by weight).
  • Chelating agents are substances which form cyclic compounds with metal ions, with a single ligand occupying more than one coordination site on a central atom, i. H. at least "bidentate". In this case, normally stretched compounds are closed by complex formation via an ion into rings. The number of bound ligands depends on the coordination number of the central ion.
  • Common and preferred chelating agents in the context of the present invention are, for example, polyoxycarboxylic acids, polyamines, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA).
  • complex-forming polymers ie polymers which carry functional groups either in the main chain itself or laterally to it, which can act as ligands and react with suitable metal atoms generally with the formation of chelate complexes, can be used according to the invention.
  • the polymer-bound ligands of the resulting metal complexes can originate from only one macromolecule or belong to different polymer chains. The latter leads to the crosslinking of the material, provided that the complex-forming polymers were not previously crosslinked via covalent bonds.
  • Complexing groups (ligands) of conventional complexing polymers are iminodiacetic, hydroxyquinoline, thiourea, guanidine, dithiocarbamate, hydroxamic, amidoxime, aminophosphoric, (cyclic) polyamino, mercapto, 1,3-dicarbonyl and Crown ether residues with z. T. very specific. Activities towards ions of different metals.
  • Base polymers of many also commercially important complex-forming polymers are polystyrene, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitriles, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyridines and polyethyleneimines. Natural polymers such as cellulose, starch or chitin are also complex-forming polymers. In addition, these can be provided by polymer-analogous transformations with other ligand functionalities.
  • polycarboxylic acids a) are understood as meaning carboxylic acids, including monocarboxylic acids, in which the sum of carboxyl and the hydroxyl groups contained in the molecule is at least 5.
  • Complexing agents from the group of nitrogen-containing polycarboxylic acids, in particular EDTA are preferred.
  • these complexing agents are at least partially present as anions. It does not matter if they are in the form of Acids or in the form of salts are introduced.
  • alkali metal, ammonium or alkylammonium salts, in particular sodium salts are preferred.
  • Scale-inhibiting polymers can likewise be present in the agents according to the invention. These substances, which could be constructed chemically different, for example, from the groups of low molecular weight polyacrylates having molecular weights between 1000 and 20,000 daltons, with polymers having molecular weights below 15,000 daltons are preferred.
  • Scale-inhibiting polymers may also have co-builder properties.
  • organic cobuilders it is possible in particular to use polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, further organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates in the dishwasher detergents according to the invention. These classes of substances are described below.
  • Useful organic builder substances are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids meaning those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. These are, for example, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these.
  • Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures thereof.
  • the acids themselves can also be used.
  • the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of detergents or cleaners.
  • citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any desired mixtures of these can be mentioned here.
  • polymeric polycarboxylates are suitable, these are, for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those having a molecular weight of 500 to 70000 g / mol.
  • the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M w of the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which is realistic due to its structural relationship to the investigated polymers Molecular weight yields. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.
  • Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, which have molar masses of from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may again be preferred from this group.
  • copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
  • Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
  • Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids is generally from 2000 to 70000 g / mol, preferably from 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular from 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
  • the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution.
  • the content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the compositions is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.
  • biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units for example those which contain as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives .
  • Further preferred copolymers are those which preferably have as monomers acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.
  • polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids their salts or their precursors.
  • polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives which, in addition to cobuilder properties, also have a bleach-stabilizing action.
  • polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
  • Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
  • dextrins for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
  • the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary, for example acid or enzyme catalyzed processes.
  • it is hydrolysis products having average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol.
  • a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30 is preferred, DE being a common measure of the reducing action of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100 , is.
  • DE dextrose equivalent
  • the oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
  • a product oxidized to C 6 of the saccharide ring may be particularly advantageous.
  • Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates are other suitable co-builders.
  • ethylenediamine-N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts.
  • glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also preferred in this context. Suitable amounts are in zeolithissen and / or silicate-containing formulations at 3 to 15 wt .-%.
  • organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be present in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.
  • phosphonates are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates.
  • hydroxyalkane phosphonates 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a co-builder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt neutral and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH 9).
  • Preferred aminoalkanephosphonates are ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonal (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably in the form of neutral sodium salts, eg. B.
  • the builder used here is preferably HEDP from the class of phosphonates.
  • the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, in particular if the agents also contain bleach, it may be preferable to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
  • portioned agents according to the invention may contain copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, monomers containing sulfonic acid groups and optionally further ionic or nonionic monomers. These copolymers cause the dishware treated with such agents to become significantly cleaner in subsequent cleanings than do the dishware which has been rinsed by conventional means. As an additional positive effect, a shortening of the drying time of the dishes treated with the detergent occurs, i. the consumer can take the dishes from the machine earlier and reuse them after the cleaning program has ended.
  • the invention is characterized by an improved "cleanability" of the treated substrates in subsequent cleaning operations and by a significant reduction in the drying time compared to comparable agents without the use of sulfonic acid-containing polymers.
  • Drying time in the context of the teaching according to the invention is generally understood to mean the meaning of the word, ie the time that elapses until a dish surface treated in a dishwasher has dried, but in particular the time that elapses, up to 90% with a cleaning or Rinse aid is dried in concentrated or diluted form treated surface.
  • a further advantage is that the said polymers act in suitable amounts as a salt substitute.
  • the consumer does not have to replenish the Regeneriersalzvorrat his dishwasher and still receives streaked, stain and coating-free dishes.
  • R 1 (R 2 ) C C (R 3 ) COOH (VIII)
  • R 1 to R 3 independently of one another are -H-CH 3 , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH 2 , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or is -COOH or -COOR 4 , wherein R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • R 5 (R 6 ) C C (R 7 ) -X-SO 3 H (IX)
  • Suitable further ionic or nonionic monomers are, in particular, ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
  • the content of the monomers used according to the invention to monomers of group iii) is preferably less than 20% by weight, based on the polymer.
  • Particularly preferred polymers to be used consist only of monomers of groups i) and ii).
  • copolymers present in the compositions according to the invention may contain the monomers from groups i) and ii) and optionally iii) in varying amounts, all representatives from group i) with all representatives from group ii) and all representatives from group iii ) can be combined.
  • Particularly preferred polymers have certain structural units, which are described below.
  • agents according to the invention are preferred, which are characterized in that they contain one or more copolymers, the structural units of the formula X.
  • Acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid can also be copolymerized completely analogously with methacrylic acid derivatives containing sulfonic acid groups, as a result of which the structural units in the molecule are changed.
  • maleic acid can also be used as a particularly preferred monomer from group i).
  • dishwashing detergents which comprise as ingredient b) one or more copolymers which contain structural units of the formulas III and / or IV and / or V and / or VI and / or VII and / or VIII - [CH 2 -CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -CHC (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - (X), - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) COOH] m - [CH 2 -CHC (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - (XI), - [CH 2 -CHCOOH] m - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - (XII), - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) COOH] m - [CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) C (O) -Y-SO 3 H] p - (XIII) - [HOOCCH-CHCOOH] m - [CH
  • the sulfonic acid groups may be wholly or partially in neutralized form, i. in that the acidic hydrogen atom of the sulfonic acid group in some or all sulfonic acid groups can be exchanged for metal ions, preferably alkali metal ions and in particular for sodium ions.
  • metal ions preferably alkali metal ions and in particular for sodium ions.
  • Corresponding agents which are characterized in that the sulfonic acid groups are partially or fully neutralized in the copolymer, are preferred according to the invention.
  • the monomer distribution of the copolymers used in the agents according to the invention in the case of copolymers which contain only monomers from groups i) and ii) is preferably in each case from 5 to 95% by weight i) or ii), particularly preferably from 50 to 90% by weight. % Of monomer from group i) and from 10 to 50% by weight of monomer from group ii), in each case based on the polymer.
  • terpolymers particular preference is given to those containing from 20 to 85% by weight of monomer from group i), from 10 to 60% by weight of monomer from group ii) and from 5 to 30% by weight of monomer from group iii) ,
  • the molecular weight of the polymers used in the agents according to the invention can be varied in order to adapt the properties of the polymers to the desired use.
  • Preferred automatic dishwashing agents are characterized in that the copolymers have molar masses of from 2000 to 200,000 gmol -1 , preferably from 4000 to 25,000 gmol -1 and in particular from 5000 to 15,000 gmol -1 .
  • the content of one or more copolymers in the compositions according to the invention may vary depending on the intended use and the desired product performance, preferred automatic dishwashing compositions according to the invention being characterized in that they contain the copolymer (s) in amounts of from 0.25 to 50% by weight. %, preferably from 0.5 to 35 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.75 to 20 wt .-% and in particular from 1 to 15 wt .-%.
  • compositions according to the invention may comprise further ingredients, with the use of which, for example, the settling behavior or the pourability or flowability can be targeted can be controlled.
  • the settling behavior or the pourability or flowability can be targeted can be controlled.
  • combinations of texturizers and thickeners have proven useful.
  • the structurant a) comes from the group of bentonites and / or at least partially etherified sorbitols. These substances are used to ensure the physical stability of the agents and to adjust the viscosity. Although conventional thickeners such as polyacrylates or polyurethanes fail in nonaqueous media, the viscosity control with the substances mentioned succeeds in the nonaqueous system.
  • Bentonites are contaminated clays caused by the weathering of volcanic tuffs. Due to their high content of montmorillonite, bentonites have valuable properties such as swellability, ion exchange capacity and thixotropy. It is possible to modify the properties of the bentonite according to the intended use. Bentonites are common as clay constituents in tropical soils and are used as sodium bentonite, e.g. mined in Wyoming / USA. Sodium bentonite has the most favorable performance properties (swellability), so that its use in the context of the present invention is preferred. Naturally occurring calcium bentonites originate, for example, from Mississippi / USA or Texas / USA or from Landshut / D. The naturally obtained Ca-bentonites are artificially converted by exchange of Ca for Na in the more swellable Na-bentonites.
  • montmorillonites which can also be used in their pure form in the context of the present invention.
  • Montmorillonites belong to the phyllosilicates and here to the dioctahedral smectites belonging clay minerals, which crystallize monoclinic pseudohexagonal.
  • Preferred automatic dishwashing detergents are characterized in that montmorillonites are used as structurants.
  • Montmorillonites have a three-layer structure consisting of two tetrahedral layers, which are electrostatically crosslinked via the cations of an octahedral intermediate layer. The layers are not rigidly connected, but can swell by reversible incorporation of water (in the 2-7 times the amount) and other substances such as alcohols, glycols, pyridine, ⁇ -picoline, ammonium compounds, hydroxy-aluminosilicate ions, etc.
  • the above. Formulas are only approximate formulas since montmorillonites have a large ion exchange capacity.
  • Al can be exchanged for Mg, Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Zn, Cr, Cu and other ions.
  • a negative charge of the layers results, which is balanced by other cations, especially Na + and Ca 2+ .
  • At least partially etherified sorbitols can be used as structurants.
  • Sorbitol is a hexavalent 6-valent alcohol (sugar alcohol) that is relatively easy to split one or two moles of water intramolecularly and forms cyclic ethers (eg, sorbitan and sorbide). The removal of water is also possible intermolecularly, forming noncyclic ethers of sorbitol and the alcohols in question. Again, the formation of mono-ethers and bis-ethers is possible, with higher degrees of etherification such as 3 and 4 may occur.
  • At least partially etherified sorbitols to be used in the context of the present invention are doubly etherified sorbitols, of which the dibenzylidenesorbitol is particularly preferred.
  • Machine dishwashing detergents which contain doubly etherified sorbitol, in particular dibenzylidenesorbitol, as structurants are preferred here.
  • the agents according to the invention may contain the structurants in amounts of from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, based on the total agent and on the active substance of the structurizer.
  • Preferred agents contain the structuring agent in amounts of from 0.2 to 0.9% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 0.25 to 0.75% by weight and in particular in amounts of from 0.3 to 0.5% by weight. , in each case based on the total mean.
  • the preferred agents according to the invention may contain inorganic salts from the group of carbonates, sulfates and amorphous or crystalline disilicates.
  • the said salts of all metals can be used in this case, wherein the alkali metal salts are preferred.
  • Alkaline carbonate (s), alkali metal sulphate (s) and / or amorphous (s) and / or crystalline alkali metal disilicate (s), preferably sodium carbonate, sodium sulphate and / or amorphous or crystalline sodium disilicate, are particularly preferably used in the context of the present invention as thickener ,
  • the preferred agents according to the invention contain the thickeners in amounts of from 5 to 30% by weight, based on the total agent.
  • Particularly preferred compositions contain the thickener (s) in amounts of 7.5 to 28 wt .-%, preferably in amounts of 10 to 26 wt .-% and in particular in amounts of 12.5 to 25 wt .-%, each based on the entire remedy.
  • the solids present in the agents according to the invention are used as finely divided as possible. This is particularly advantageous in the case of inorganic thickeners and bleaching agents.
  • automatic dishwashing agents according to the invention are preferred in which the average particle size of the bleaching agents and thickeners and of the optionally use builder is less than 75 ⁇ m, preferably less than 50 ⁇ m and in particular less than 25 ⁇ m.
  • liquid automatic dishwashing compositions according to the invention may also contain other viscosity regulators or thickeners for adjusting a possibly desired higher viscosity.
  • viscosity regulators or thickeners for adjusting a possibly desired higher viscosity.
  • all known thickening agents can be used, ie those based on natural or synthetic polymers.
  • Naturally derived polymers which are used as thickening agents are, for example, agar-agar, carrageenan, tragacanth, gum arabic, alginates, pectins, polyoses, guar flour, locust bean gum, starch, dextrins, gelatin and casein.
  • Modified natural products come mainly from the group of modified starches and celluloses, examples which may be mentioned here carboxymethylcellulose and other cellulose ethers, hydroxyethyl and propylcellulose and core flour ethers.
  • preferred automatic dishwashing detergents comprise, as thickening agents, hydroxyethylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylcellulose, preferably in amounts of from 0.01 to 4.0% by weight, more preferably in amounts of from 0.01 to 3.0% by weight and in particular in amounts of 0.01 to 2.0 wt .-%, each based on the total agent.
  • a large group of thickeners which find wide use in a variety of applications, are the fully synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic and polymethacrylic compounds, vinyl polymers, polycarboxylic acids, polyethers, polyimines, polyamides and polyurethanes.
  • Thickeners from said substance classes are widely available commercially and are sold for example under the trade name Acusol ® -820 (methacrylic acid (stearyl alcohol 20 EO) ester-acrylic acid copolymer, 30% in water, Rohm & Haas), Dapral ® -GT- 282-S (alkyl polyglycol ethers, Akzo), DEUTEROL ® polymer-11 (dicarboxylic acid copolymer, Schoner GmbH) deuteron ® -xg (anionic heteropolysaccharide based on ⁇ -D-glucose, D-mannose, D-glucuronic acid, Schoner GmbH), -XN deuteron ® (non-ionic polysaccharide, Schoner GmbH), DICRYLAN ® -Verdicker-O (ethylene oxide adduct, 50% solution in water / isopropanol, Pfersse Chemie), EMA ® -81 and EMA ® -91 (ethylene -
  • a preferred polymeric thickener is xanthan gum, a microbial anionic heteropolysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas campestris and some other species under aerobic conditions and having a molecular weight of from 2 to 15 million daltons.
  • Xanthan is formed from a chain of ⁇ -1,4-linked glucose (cellulose) with side chains.
  • the structure of the subgroups consists of glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid, acetate and pyruvate, the number of pyruvate units determining the viscosity of the xanthan gum.
  • thickeners are polyurethanes or modified polyacrylates, which, based on the total agent, for example, in amounts of 0.1 to 5 wt .-% can be used.
  • Polyurethanes are prepared by polyaddition from dihydric and higher alcohols and isocyanates and can be described by the general formula XVI in which R 1 is a low molecular weight or polymeric diol radical, R 2 is an aliphatic or aromatic group and n is a natural number.
  • R 1 is preferably a linear or branched C 2-12 -alk (en) yl group, but may also be a residue of a higher-valent alcohol, whereby crosslinked polyurethanes are formed, which differ from the above Differentiate formula XVI characterized in that the rest of R 1 further -O-CO-NH groups are bonded.
  • TDI 2,4- and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate
  • MDI C 6 H 4 -CH 2 -C 6 H 4
  • thickener based on polyurethane are, for example, under the names Acrysol ® PM 12 V (mixture of 3-5% modified starch and 14-16% polyurethane resin in water, Rohm & Haas), Borchigel ® L75-N (non-ionic polyurethane dispersion, 50% in water, Borchers), Coatex ® BR-100-P (PUR-dispersion, 50% in water / butyl glycol, Dimed), Nopco ® DSX-1514 (polyurethane dispersion, 40% in water / Butyltrigylcol, Henkel-Nopco), thickener QR 1001 (20% polyurethane emulsion in water / Digylcolether, Rohm & Haas) and Rilanit ® VPW-3116 (polyurethane dispersion, 43% strength in water available, Henkel).
  • aqueous dispersions when using aqueous dispersions, care must be taken that the water content of the agents according to the invention remains within the abovementioned limits. If the use of the aqueous dispersions for these reasons is not possible, dispersions in other solvents, or even the solids can be used.
  • Modified polyacrylates which can be used in the context of the present invention are derived, for example, from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and can be described by the general formula XVII in the R 3 is H or a branched or unbranched C 1-4 -alk (en) yl radical, X is NR 5 or O, R 4 is an optionally alkoxylated branched or unbranched, possibly substituted C 8-22 -alk (s ) ylrest, R 5 is H or R 4 and n is a natural number.
  • such modified polyacrylates are esters or amides of acrylic acid or of an ⁇ -substituted acrylic acid. Preferred among these polymers are those in which R 3 is H or a methyl group.
  • the two Hydrocarbon radicals which are bonded to the nitrogen atom can be selected independently of one another from optionally alkoxylated branched or unbranched C 8-22 -alk (en) yl radicals.
  • the designation of the radicals bound to X represents a statistical mean value which, in individual cases, can vary with regard to chain length or degree of alkoxylation.
  • Formula XVII merely indicates formulas for idealized homopolymers. In the context of the present invention, however, it is also possible to use copolymers in which the proportion of monomer units which satisfy formula XVII is at least 30% by weight. For example, it is also possible to use copolymers of modified polyacrylates and acrylic acid or salts thereof which still have acidic H atoms or basic -COO - groups.
  • Modified polyacrylates which are preferably used in the context of the present invention are polyacrylate-polymethacrylate copolymers which satisfy the formula XVIIa in which R 4 is a preferably unbranched, saturated or unsaturated C 8-22 -alkenoyl radical, R 6 and R 7 independently of one another are H or CH 3 , the degree of polymerization n is a natural number and the degree of alkoxylation a is a natural number between 2 and 30, preferably between 10 and 20.
  • Products of formula XVIIa strength are commercially for example under the name Acusol ® 820 (Rohm & Haas) in the form of 30 wt .-% dispersions in water available.
  • R 4 is a stearyl radical
  • R 6 is a hydrogen atom
  • R 7 is H or CH 3
  • the degree of ethoxylation a is 20.
  • preferred portioned detergent or cleaning compositions additionally contain 0.01 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.02 to 4 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.05 to 3 wt .-% and in particular 0.1 up to 1.5% by weight of a thickening agent, preferably a polymeric thickener, wherein the thickeners used are hydroxyethylcellulose and / or hydroxypropylcellulose and / or thickeners from the group of polysaccharides, preferably xanthan, the polyurethanes or the modified polyacrylates, with particular preference for thickeners
  • Formula XVII in the R 3 is H or a branched or unbranched C 1-4 -alk (en) yl radical, X is NR 5 or O, R 4 is an optionally alkoxylated branched or unbranched, possibly substituted C 8-22 -alk (s ) yl radical, R 5 is H or R 4 and n is a natural number,
  • the agents according to the invention may contain further customary ingredients of cleaning agents, in particular bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, silver protectants, dyes and fragrances being of importance. These substances will be described below.
  • sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance.
  • Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid.
  • Cleaning agents according to the invention may also contain bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide.
  • peroxyacids examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids.
  • Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as (B) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -phthalimido-peroxycaproic acid [Phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamido-peroxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-alkyl peroxybenzoic acids -nonenylamidopersuccinates, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxy-carboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacic acid,
  • Chlorine or bromine-releasing substances can also be used as bleaching agents in the machine dishwashing detergents according to the invention.
  • suitable chlorine or bromine releasing materials are, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloroamides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with cations such as potassium and sodium into consideration.
  • DICA dichloroisocyanuric acid
  • Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin are also suitable.
  • bleach activators which aid in the action of the bleaches have already been mentioned above as a possible ingredient of the rinse aid particles.
  • Known bleach activators are compounds which contain one or more N- or O-acyl groups, such as substances from the class of the anhydrides, the esters, the imides and the acylated imidazoles or oximes.
  • Examples are tetraacetylethylenediamine TAED, tetraacetylmethylenediamine TAMD and tetraacetylhexylenediamine TAHD, but also pentaacetylglucose PAG, 1,5-diacetyl-2,2-dioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine DADHT and isatoic anhydride ISA.
  • bleach activators it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
  • Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the stated C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
  • polyacylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N- Acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate, 2,5-diacetoxy- 2,5-dihydrofuran, n-methyl-morph
  • bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the rinse aid particles.
  • These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes.
  • Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
  • Bleach activators from the group of the polyacylated alkylenediamines in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), are preferred -Methyl-morpholinium acetonitrile-methyl sulfate (MMA), preferably in amounts of up to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 wt .-% to 8 wt .-%, particularly 2 to 8 wt .-% and particularly preferably 2 to 6 wt .-% based on the total agent used.
  • TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
  • N-acylimides in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOS
  • Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes in particular having the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammine) Complexes of the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese, manganese sulfate are used in conventional amounts, preferably in an amount up to 5 wt .-%, in particular of 0.0025 wt % to 1 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 0.01 wt .-% to 0.25 wt .-%, each based on the total agent used. But in special cases, more bleach activator can be used.
  • Agents according to the invention may contain enzymes to increase the washing or cleaning performance, it being possible in principle to use all enzymes established for this purpose in the prior art. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases or oxidoreductases, and preferably mixtures thereof. These enzymes are basically of natural origin; Starting from the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in detergents and cleaners, which are preferably used accordingly. Agents according to the invention preferably contain enzymes in total amounts of 1 ⁇ 10 -6 to 5 percent by weight, based on active protein. The protein concentration can be determined by known methods, for example the BCA method (bicinchoninic acid, 2,2'-biquinolyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid) or the biuret method.
  • BCA method bicinchoninic acid, 2,2'-biquinolyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid
  • subtilisin type examples thereof are the subtilisins BPN 'and Carlsberg, the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309, the alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus, subtilisin DY and the enzymes thermitase, proteinase K and the subtilases, but not the subtilisins in the narrower sense Proteases TW3 and TW7.
  • subtilisin Carlsberg in a developed form under the trade names Alcalase ® from Novozymes A / S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
  • subtilisins 147 and 309 are sold under the trade names Esperase ®, or Savinase ® from Novozymes. From the protease from Bacillus lentus DSM 5483 derived under the name BLAP ® variants are derived.
  • proteases are, for example, under the trade names Durazym ®, relase ®, Everlase® ®, Nafizym, Natalase ®, Kannase® ® and Ovozymes ® from Novozymes, under the trade names Purafect ®, Purafect ® OxP and Properase.RTM ® by the company Genencor, that under the trade name Protosol® ® from Advanced Biochemicals Ltd., Thane, India, under the trade name Wuxi ® from Wuxi Snyder Bioproducts Ltd., China, under the trade names Proleather® ® and protease P ® by the company Amano Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, and the enzyme available under the name Proteinase K-16 from Kao Corp., Tokyo, Japan.
  • amylases which can be used according to the invention are the ⁇ -amylases from Bacillus licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens or B. stearothermophilus and also their further developments improved for use in detergents and cleaners.
  • the enzyme from B. licheniformis is available from Novozymes under the name Termamyl ® and from Genencor under the name Purastar® ® ST. Development products of this ⁇ -amylase are available from Novozymes under the trade names Duramyl ® and Termamyl ® ultra, from Genencor under the name Purastar® ® OxAm and from Daiwa Seiko Inc., Tokyo, Japan, as Keistase ®.
  • the ⁇ -amylase from B. amyloliquefaciens is marketed by Novozymes under the name BAN ®, and variants derived from the ⁇ -amylase from B. stearothermophilus under the names BSG ® and Novamyl ®, likewise from Novozymes.
  • ⁇ -amylase from Bacillus sp. A 7-7 (DSM 12368) and the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from B. agaradherens (DSM 9948); Likewise, fusion products of said molecules can be used.
  • compositions according to the invention may contain lipases or cutinases, in particular because of their triglyceride-cleaving activities, but also in order to generate in situ peracids from suitable precursors.
  • lipases or cutinases include, for example, the lipases originally obtainable from Humicola lanuginosa ( Thermomyces lanuginosus ) or further developed, in particular those with the amino acid exchange D96L. They are for example marketed by Novozymes under the trade names Lipolase ®, Lipolase Ultra ®, LipoPrime® ®, Lipozyme® ® and Lipex ®.
  • the cutinases can be used, which were originally isolated from Fusarium solani pisi and Humicola insolens .
  • lipases are available from Amano under the designations Lipase CE ®, Lipase P ®, Lipase B ®, or lipase CES ®, Lipase AKG ®, Bacillis sp. Lipase® , Lipase AP® , Lipase M- AP® and Lipase AML® are available. From the company Genencor, for example, the lipases, or cutinases can be used, the initial enzymes were originally isolated from Pseudomonas mendocina and Fusarium solanii .
  • Detergents according to the invention may contain cellulases, depending on the purpose, as pure enzymes, as enzyme preparations or in the form of mixtures in which the individual components advantageously supplement each other in terms of their various performance aspects.
  • These performance aspects include, in particular, contributions to the primary washing performance, the secondary washing performance of the composition (anti-redeposition effect or graying inhibition) and softening (fabric effect), up to the exercise of a "stone washed" effect.
  • EG endoglucanase
  • Novozymes under the trade name Celluzyme ®.
  • the products Endolase® ® and Carezyme ® available also from Novozymes based on the 50 kD EG and 43 kD EG possible from H. insolens DSM 1800. Further commercial products of this company are Cellusoft® ® and Renozyme ®.
  • the 20 kD-EG cellulase from Melanocarpus, available from AB Enzymes, Finland, ® is available under the trade names Ecostone ® and Biotouch, can be used.
  • Suitable mannanases are available, for example under the name Gamanase ® and Pektinex AR ® from Novozymes, under the name Rohapec ® B1 from AB Enzymes and under the name Pyrolase® ® from Diversa Corp., San Diego, CA, United States.
  • the obtained from B. subtilis ⁇ -glucanase is available under the name Cereflo ® from Novozymes.
  • detergents and cleaners according to the invention may contain oxidoreductases, for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo-, chloro-, bromo-, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases).
  • oxidoreductases for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo-, chloro-, bromo-, lignin, glucose or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases).
  • organic, particularly preferably aromatic, compounds which interact with the enzymes in order to enhance the activity of the relevant oxidoreductases (enhancers) or to ensure the flow of electrons (mediators) at greatly varying redox potentials between the oxidizing enzymes and the soils.
  • the enzymes used in agents of the invention are either originally from microorganisms, such as the genera Bacillus, Streptomyces, Humicola, or Pseudomonas, and / or are produced by biotechnological methods known per se by suitable microorganisms, such as transgenic expression hosts of the genera Bacillus or filamentous fungi.
  • the purification of the relevant enzymes is conveniently carried out by conventional methods, for example by precipitation, sedimentation, concentration, filtration of the liquid phases, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, exposure to chemicals, deodorization or suitable combinations of these steps.
  • the agents of the invention may be added to the enzymes in any form known in the art. These include, for example, the solid preparations obtained by granulation, extrusion or lyophilization or, especially in the case of liquid or gel-form detergents, solutions of the enzymes, advantageously as concentrated as possible, sparing in water and / or added with stabilizers.
  • the enzymes may be encapsulated for both the solid and liquid dosage forms, for example by spray-drying or extruding the enzyme solution together with a preferably natural polymer or in the form of capsules, for example those in which the enzymes are entrapped as in a solidified gel or in those of the core-shell type, in which an enzyme-containing core is coated with a water, air and / or chemical impermeable protective layer.
  • further active ingredients for example stabilizers, emulsifiers, pigments, bleaches or dyes, may additionally be applied.
  • Such capsules are applied by methods known per se, for example by shaking or rolling granulation or in fluid-bed processes.
  • such granules for example by applying polymeric film-forming agent, low in dust and storage stable due to the coating.
  • a protein and / or enzyme contained in an agent according to the invention can be protected against damage, for example inactivation, denaturation or decomposition, for example by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage, in particular during storage.
  • damage for example inactivation, denaturation or decomposition, for example by physical influences, oxidation or proteolytic cleavage, in particular during storage.
  • inhibition of proteolysis is particularly preferred, especially if the agents also contain proteases.
  • Compositions according to the invention may contain stabilizers for this purpose; the provision of such means constitutes a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • One group of stabilizers are reversible protease inhibitors. Frequently, benzamidine hydrochloride, borax, boric acids, boronic acids or their salts or esters are used, including, in particular, derivatives with aromatic groups, for example ortho, meta or para-substituted phenylboronic acids, or their salts or esters. Furthermore, peptide aldehydes, that is oligopeptides with reduced C-terminus are suitable. As peptidic protease inhibitors are, inter alia, ovomucoid and leupeptin to mention; An additional option is the formation of fusion proteins from proteases and peptide inhibitors.
  • enzyme stabilizers are amino alcohols such as mono-, di-, triethanol- and -propanolamine and mixtures thereof, aliphatic carboxylic acids up to C 12 , such as succinic acid, other dicarboxylic acids or salts of said acids. End-capped fatty acid amide alkoxylates can also be used as stabilizers.
  • Lower aliphatic alcohols but especially polyols such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or sorbitol are other frequently used enzyme stabilizers.
  • di-glycerol phosphate protects against denaturation by physical influences.
  • calcium salts are used, such as calcium acetate or calcium formate and magnesium salts.
  • Polyamide oligomers or polymeric compounds such as lignin, water-soluble vinyl copolymers or, such as cellulose ethers, acrylic polymers and / or polyamides stabilize the enzyme preparation, inter alia, against physical influences or pH fluctuations.
  • Polyamine N-oxide containing polymers act simultaneously as enzyme stabilizers and as dye transfer inhibitors.
  • Other polymeric stabilizers are the linear C 8 -C 18 polyoxyalkylenes.
  • Alkylpolyglycosides can stabilize in accordance with the also the enzymatic components of the agent according to the invention and even increase their performance.
  • Crosslinked N-containing compounds perform a dual function as soil release agents and as enzyme stabilizers.
  • Reducing agents and antioxidants such as sodium sulfite or reducing sugars enhance the stability of the enzymes to oxidative degradation.
  • combinatons of stabilizers are used, for example of polyols, boric acid and / or borax, the combination of boric acid or borate, reducing salts and succinic acid or other dicarboxylic acids or the combination of boric acid or borate with polyols or polyamino compounds and with reducing salts.
  • the effect of peptide-aldehyde stabilizers can be enhanced by combination with boric acid and / or boric acid derivatives and polyols and further enhanced according to the additional use of divalent cations, such as calcium ions.
  • agents according to the invention are preferred which additionally contain enzymes and / or enzyme preparations, preferably solid and / or liquid protease preparations and / or amylase preparations, in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 1.5 to 4.5 and in particular from 2 to 4 wt .-%, each based on the total agent.
  • Dyes and fragrances can be added to the compositions according to the invention in order to improve the aesthetic impression of the resulting products and to provide the consumer with a visual and sensory "typical and unmistakable" product in addition to performance.
  • perfume oils or fragrances individual fragrance compounds, e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type are used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are known e.g.
  • the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes e.g.
  • the linear alkanals having 8-18 C atoms citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. the ionones, ⁇ -isomethylionone and methylcedryl ketone, among the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes such as limonene and pinene.
  • fragrance oils may also contain natural fragrance mixtures such as are available from vegetable sources, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage, chamomile, clove, lemon balm, mint, cinnamon, lime, juniper, vetiver, olibanum, galbanum and labdanum, and orange blossom, neroliol, orange peel and sandalwood.
  • the fragrances can be incorporated directly into the detergents or cleaning agents according to the invention, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers, which enhance the adhesion of the perfume to the laundry and provide a slower fragrance release for long-lasting fragrance of the textiles.
  • carrier materials for example, cyclodextrins have been proven, the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can be additionally coated with other excipients.
  • the agents according to the invention can be dyed with suitable dyes.
  • Preferred dyes the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the agents and to light and no pronounced substantivity to the treated with the agents substrates such as textiles, glass, ceramics or plastic tableware, not these to stain.
  • the cleaning agents according to the invention may contain corrosion inhibitors for the protection of the items to be washed or the machine, with particular silver protectants in the range of the machine Dishwashing have a special meaning. It is possible to use the known substances of the prior art. In general, silver protectants selected from the group of triazoles, benzotriazoles, bisbenzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, alkylaminotriazoles and transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular. Particularly preferred to use are benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole. In addition, cleaner formulations often contain active chlorine-containing agents which can markedly reduce the corrosion of the silver surface.
  • chlorine-free cleaners are particularly oxygen and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds, such as di- and trihydric phenols, eg. As hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds. Also, salt and complex inorganic compounds, such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce are often used.
  • transition metal salts which are selected from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, more preferably the cobalt (amine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes , the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate.
  • zinc compounds can be used to prevent corrosion on the items to be washed.
  • redox-active substances can be used in the portioned detergent or cleaner compositions according to the invention.
  • These substances are preferably inorganic redox-active substances from the group of manganese, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, cobalt and cerium salts and / or complexes, wherein the metals preferably in one of the oxidation states II, III , IV, V or VI.
  • the metal salts or metal complexes used should be at least partially soluble in water.
  • the counterions suitable for salt formation comprise all customary mono-, di- or tri-positively negatively charged inorganic anions, eg. As oxide, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, but also organic anions such. Stearate.
  • Metal complexes in the context of the invention are compounds which consist of a central atom and one or more ligands and optionally additionally one or more of the abovementioned anions.
  • the central atom is one of the above-mentioned metals in one of the abovementioned oxidation states.
  • the ligands are neutral molecules or anions that are mono- or polydentate; The term "ligands" in the context of the invention is explained in more detail, for example, in "Römpp Chemie Lexikon, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart / New York, 9th edition, 1990, page 2507".
  • Suitable complexing agents are, for example, citrate, acetylacetonate or 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate.
  • metal salts and / or metal complexes are selected from the group MnSO 4 , Mn (II) citrate, Mn (II) stearate, Mn (II) acetylacetonate, Mn (II) - [1-hydroxyethane-1,1- diphosphonate], V 2 O 5 , V 2 O 4 , VO 2 , TiOSO 4 , K 2 TiF 6 , K 2 ZrF 6 , CoSO 4 , Co (NO 3 ) 2 , Ce (NO 3 ) 3 and mixtures thereof.
  • metal salts and / or metal complexes are selected from the group MnSO 4 , Mn (II) citrate, Mn (II) stearate, Mn (II) acetylacetonate, Mn (II) - [1-hydroxyethane-1; 1-diphosphonate], V 2 O 5 , V 2 O 4 , VO 2 , TiOSO 4 , K 2 TiF 6 , K 2 ZrF 6 , CoSO 4 , Co (NO 3 ) 2 , Ce (NO 3 ) 3 .
  • metal salts or metal complexes are generally commercially available substances that can be used for the purpose of silver corrosion protection without prior purification in the compositions of the invention.
  • the mixture of pentavalent and tetravalent vanadium (V 2 O 5 , VO 2 , V 2 O 4 ) known from the SO 3 preparation (contact method) is suitable, as is the case by diluting a Ti (SO 4 ) 2 - Solution resulting titanyl sulfate, TiOSO 4 .
  • the inorganic redox-active substances are preferably coated, ie completely coated with a waterproof material which is readily soluble in the cleaning temperatures, in order to prevent their premature decomposition or oxidation during storage.
  • Preferred coating materials which are applied by known methods, such as Sandwik from the food industry, are paraffins, microwaxes, waxes of natural origin such as carnauba wax, candellila wax, beeswax, higher melting alcohols such as hexadecanol, soaps or fatty acids.
  • the coating material which is solid at room temperature is applied in the molten state to the material to be coated, for example by spinning finely divided material to be coated in a continuous stream through a likewise continuously produced spray zone of the molten coating material.
  • the melting point must be chosen so that the coating material easily dissolves or melts during the silver treatment.
  • the melting point should ideally be in the range between 45 ° C and 65 ° C and preferably in the range 50 ° C to 60 ° C.
  • the stated metal salts and / or metal complexes are in the portioned detergent or cleaning agent compositions according to the invention, in particular automatic dishwashing agents, preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 6 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 2.5 wt .-%, based on the entire remedy, included
  • Another long-standing problem with automatic dishwashing is the corrosion of glassware, which can usually manifest itself by the appearance of turbidity, streaks and scratches, but also by iridescence of the glass surface. The observed effects are based essentially on two processes, the leakage of alkali and alkaline earth ions from the glass in conjunction with hydrolysis of the silicate network, on the other hand in a deposition of silicate compounds on the glass surface.
  • agents according to the invention if certain glass corrosion inhibitors are incorporated into the compositions in addition to the abovementioned mandatory and optionally organic ingredients.
  • Preferred agents according to the invention therefore additionally comprise one or more magnesium and / or zinc salts and / or magnesium and / or zinc complexes.
  • a preferred class of compounds that can be added to the compositions of the invention to prevent glass corrosion are insoluble zinc salts. These can accumulate on the glass surface during the dishwashing process, preventing the dissolution of metal ions from the glass network and the hydrolysis of the silicates. In addition, these insoluble zinc salts also prevent the deposition of silicate on the glass surface, so that the glass is protected from the consequences described above.
  • Insoluble zinc salts in the context of this preferred embodiment are zinc salts which have a solubility of a maximum of 10 grams of zinc salt per liter of water at 20 ° C.
  • Examples of particularly preferred insoluble zinc salts according to the invention are zinc silicate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, basic zinc carbonate (Zn 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 ), zinc hydroxide, zinc oxalate, zinc monophosphate (Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ), and zinc pyrophosphate (Zn 2 (P 2 O 7 )).
  • the zinc compounds mentioned are used in the compositions according to the invention in amounts which have a content of the zinc ions of between 0.02 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 5.0% by weight and in particular between 0.2 and 1.0 wt .-%, each based on the agent effect.
  • the exact content of the agents on the zinc salt or zinc salts is of course dependent on the type of zinc salts - the less soluble the zinc salt used, the higher its concentration should be in the inventive compositions.
  • the particle size of the salts is a criterion to be observed, so that the salts do not adhere to glassware or machine parts.
  • the insoluble zinc salt has an average particle size which is significantly below this value in order to further minimize the risk of insoluble residues, for example an average particle size of less than 250 ⁇ m. Again, this is even more true the less the zinc salt is soluble.
  • the glass corrosion inhibiting effectiveness increases with decreasing particle size.
  • the average particle size is preferably below 100 microns. For still less soluble salts, it may be even lower; For example, average particle sizes below 100 ⁇ m are preferred for the very poorly soluble zinc oxide.
  • Another preferred class of compounds are magnesium and / or zinc salt (s) of at least one monomeric and / or polymeric organic acid. The effect of this is that even with repeated use, the surfaces of glassware do not change corrosively, in particular, no turbidity, streaks or scratches, but also iridescence of the glass surfaces are not caused.
  • the spectrum of the inventively preferred zinc salts of organic acids ranging from salts which are difficult or insoluble in water, ie a solubility below 100 mg / L, preferably below 10 mg / L, in particular have no solubility, to such salts having a solubility in water above 100 mg / L, preferably above 500 mg / L, more preferably above 1 g / L and in particular above 5 g / L (all solubilities at 20 ° C water temperature).
  • the first group of zinc salts includes, for example, zinc citrate, zinc oleate and zinc stearate
  • the group of soluble zinc salts includes, for example, zinc formate, zinc acetate, zinc lactate and zinc gluconate:
  • the agents according to the invention comprise at least one zinc salt but no magnesium salt of an organic acid, which is preferably at least one zinc salt of an organic carboxylic acid, more preferably a zinc salt selected from zinc stearate, zinc oleate, zinc gluconate, zinc acetate , Zinc lactate and / or zinc citrate. Zinc ricinoleate, zinc abietate and zinc oxalate are also preferred.
  • An agent preferred in the context of the present invention contains zinc salt in amounts of from 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 4% by weight and in particular from 0.4 to 3% by weight, or zinc in oxidized form (calculated as Zn 2+ ) in amounts of from 0.01 to 1% by weight, preferably from 0.02 to 0.5% by weight and in particular from 0.04 to 0.2% by weight , in each case based on the total weight of the automatic dishwashing detergent.
  • the portioned detergent compositions according to the invention are packaged in water-dispersible or water-soluble containers.
  • the corresponding packaging materials are known from the prior art and originate, for example, from the group (acetalated) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin and mixtures thereof.
  • the water-soluble or water-dispersible container comprises one or more water-soluble polymer (s), preferably a material from the group (optionally acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin , Cellulose, and their derivatives and mixtures thereof.
  • PVAL polyvinyl alcohol
  • PVOH polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • polyvinyl alcohols which are available as white-yellowish powders or granules with degrees of polymerization in the range of about 100 to 2500 (molar masses of about 4000 to 100,000 g / mol), have degrees of hydrolysis of 98-99 or 87-89 mol%. , so still contain a residual content of acetyl groups.
  • the polyvinyl alcohols are characterized by the manufacturer by indicating the degree of polymerization of the starting polymer, the degree of hydrolysis, the saponification number or the solution viscosity.
  • polyvinyl alcohols are soluble in water and a few highly polar organic solvents (formamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide); They are not attacked by (chlorinated) hydrocarbons, esters, fats and oils.
  • Polyvinyl alcohols are classified as toxicologically safe and are biologically at least partially degradable.
  • the water solubility can be reduced by aftertreatment with aldehydes (acetalization), by complexation with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid or borax.
  • the coatings of polyvinyl alcohol are largely impermeable to gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, but allow water vapor to pass through.
  • the water-soluble or water-dispersible container comprises a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis is 70 to 100% by mole, preferably 80 to 90% by mole, more preferably 81 to 89% by mole, and especially 82 to 88% -% is.
  • Polyvinyl alcohols of a certain molecular weight range are preferably used as materials for the containers, it being preferred according to the invention that the water-soluble or water-dispersible container comprises a polyvinyl alcohol whose molecular weight is in the range from 10,000 to 100,000 gmol -1 , preferably from 11,000 to 90,000 gmol -1 preferably from 12,000 to 80,000 gmol -1 and in particular from 13,000 to 70,000 gmol -1 .
  • the degree of polymerization of such preferred polyvinyl alcohols is between about 200 to about 2100, preferably between about 220 to about 1890, more preferably between about 240 to about 1680, and most preferably between about 260 to about 1500.
  • polyvinyl alcohols described above are widely available commercially, for example under the trade name Mowiol ® (Clariant).
  • Mowiol ® Commercially, for example under the trade name Mowiol ® (Clariant).
  • particularly suitable polyvinyl alcohols are, for example, Mowiol ® 3-83, Mowiol ® 4-88, Mowiol ® 5-88 and Mowiol ® 8-88.
  • ELVANOL ® 51-05, 52-22, 50-42, 85-82, 75-15, T-25, T-66, 90-50 (trademark of Du Pont)
  • ALCOTEX ® 72.5, 78, B72, F80 / 40, F88 / 4, F88 / 26, F88 / 40, F88 / 47 (trademark of Harlow Chemical Co.)
  • Gohsenol ® NK-05, A-300, AH-22, C -500, GH-20, GL-03, GM-14L, KA-20, KA-500, KH-20, KP-06, N-300, NH-26, NM11Q, KZ-06 (Trademark of Nippon Gohsei KK ).
  • the water solubility of PVAL can be altered by post-treatment with aldehydes (acetalization) or ketones (ketalization).
  • Polyvinyl alcohols which are acetalated or ketalized with the aldehyde or keto groups of saccharides or polysaccharides or mixtures thereof have proven to be particularly advantageous and particularly advantageous on account of their pronounced cold water solubility.
  • To use extremely advantageous are the reaction products of PVAL and starch.
  • the water solubility can be changed by complexing with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid, borax and thus set specifically to desired values.
  • Films made of PVAL are largely impermeable to gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, but allow water vapor to pass through.
  • PVAL films examples are those available under the name "SOLUBLON® ®” from Syntana bottlesgesellschaft E. Harke GmbH & Co. PVAL films. Their solubility in water can be adjusted to the exact degree, and films of this product series are available which are soluble in aqueous phase in all temperature ranges relevant for the application.
  • PVP Polyvinylpyrrolidones
  • PVP are prepared by radical polymerization of 1-vinylpyrrolidone.
  • Commercially available PVP have molecular weights in the range of about 2,500 to 750,000 g / mol and are available as white, hygroscopic powders or as aqueous solutions.
  • Polyethylene oxides PEOX for short, are polyalkylene glycols of the general formula H- [O-CH 2 -CH 2 ] n -OH the technically by alkaline-catalyzed polyaddition of ethylene oxide (oxirane) in mostly small amounts of water-containing systems are prepared with ethylene glycol as the starting molecule. They have molar masses in the range of about 200 to 5,000,000 g / mol, corresponding to degrees of polymerization n of about 5 to> 100,000. Polyethylene oxides have an extremely low concentration of reactive hydroxy end groups and show only weak glycol properties.
  • Gelatin is a polypeptide (molecular weight: about 15,000 to> 250,000 g / mol), which is obtained primarily by hydrolysis of the collagen contained in the skin and bones of animals under acidic or alkaline conditions.
  • the amino acid composition of gelatin is broadly similar to that of the collagen from which it was obtained and varies depending on its provenance.
  • the use of gelatin as water-soluble coating material is extremely widespread, especially in pharmacy in the form of hard or soft gelatin capsules. In the form of films, gelatin has little use because of its high price compared to the polymers mentioned above.
  • agents whose packaging consists of at least partially water-soluble film of at least one polymer from the group starch and starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, in particular methyl cellulose and mixtures thereof.
  • Starch is a homoglycan, wherein the glucose units are linked ⁇ -glycosidically.
  • Starch is composed of two components of different molecular weight: from about 20 to 30% straight chain amylose (MW about 50,000 to 150,000) and 70 to 80% branched chain amylopectin (MW about 300,000 to 2,000,000).
  • small amounts of lipids, phosphoric acid and cations are still included. While the amylose forms long, helical, entangled chains with about 300 to 1,200 glucose molecules as a result of the binding in the 1,4-position, the chain branched in amylopectin after an average of 25 glucose building blocks by 1,6-bonding to a branch-like structure with about 1,500 to 12,000 molecules of glucose.
  • starch derivatives suitable which are obtainable by polymer-analogous reactions of starch.
  • Such chemically modified starches include, for example, products of esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. But even starches in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups that are not bound by an oxygen atom, can be used as starch derivatives.
  • the group of starch derivatives includes, for example, alkali starches, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), starch esters and ethers, and amino starches.
  • Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n and is formally a ⁇ -1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is composed of two molecules of glucose.
  • Suitable celluloses consist of about 500 to 5,000 glucose units and therefore have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000.
  • Cellulose-based disintegrating agents which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives obtainable by polymer-analogous reactions of cellulose.
  • Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products of esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
  • Celluloses in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bonded via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
  • the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali metal celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocelluloses.
  • water-soluble or water-dispersible containers containing the agents of the present invention can be prepared by any of the methods described in the prior art.
  • Another object of the present application is therefore a process for the preparation of portioned liquid detergent or detergent compositions in which at least one solid is dispersed in a water-containing matrix and subsequently packaged in a water-soluble or water-dispersible container, characterized in that at least 70 wt. -% of the dispersed solid particles have particle sizes below 200 microns.
  • these containers are foil pouches (so-called pouches) or injection-molded or thermoformed bodies.
  • the water-soluble film forming the bag has a thickness of from 1 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably from 2 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably from 5 to 75 ⁇ m and in particular from 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the wall of these preferred containers has a thickness of 50 to 300 ⁇ m, preferably 70 to 200 ⁇ m and in particular 80 to 150 ⁇ m.
  • a process which is particularly suitable for the production of water-soluble or water-dispersible containers according to the invention is injection molding.
  • Injection molding refers to the forming of a molding material such that the mass contained in a mass cylinder for more than one injection molding plastically softens under heat and flows under pressure through a nozzle into the cavity of a previously closed tool.
  • the method is mainly applied to non-hardenable molding compounds which solidify in the tool by cooling.
  • Injection molding is a very economical modern process for producing non-cutting shaped articles and is particularly suitable for automated mass production.
  • thermoplastic molding compounds are heated to liquefaction (up to 180 ° C) and injected under high pressure (up to 140 MPa) in closed, two-piece, that is from Gesenk (earlier Die) and core (formerly male) existing, preferably water-cooled molds, where they cool and solidify.
  • Suitable molding compositions are water-soluble polymers, for example the abovementioned cellulose ethers, pectins, polyethylene glycols, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, alginates, gelatin or starch.
  • the water-soluble or water-dispersible sealing unit which is used to close the filled container in step c) is preferably one injection molded body, said body preferably having the same spatial shape as the base molding. In the context of the present invention, therefore, preference is given in particular to a method in which the closure unit has the same spatial shape as the container produced in step a).
  • a film is used as the closure unit, it being possible for example to previously process this film by deep-drawing process.
  • a further preferred subject matter of the present application is therefore an abovementioned process, characterized in that the water-soluble sealing unit introduced in step c) is a water-soluble or water-dispersible film.
  • the thickness of the water-soluble outer wall of the container according to the invention is not necessarily homogeneous, but may vary depending on the manufacturing process chosen. In the context of the present application, it is preferred that these fluctuations move within the above-mentioned preferred ranges for the wall thickness of containers according to the invention.
  • the closing of base molding and closure unit can be done in different ways.
  • Preferred in the context of the present invention are closure processes based on partial solvation of the surface of the container and / or closure and / or heating of the container and / or the closure unit to a temperature at which they are plastically deformable.
  • Both the partial solvation and the heating is preferably not carried out on the entire surface of the container and / or the entire surface of the closure unit, but only in the areas in which the subsequent sealing is to take place to form a sealed seam.
  • the heating of the surface of the container and / or the closure unit is preferably carried out by the use of hot air, hot plates, heated rollers or heat radiation, preferably laser radiation or other IR sources such as optical fiber (optical fiber). Accordingly, the preferred subject matter of the present application is a previously described process in which the sealing in step c) takes place by means of fusion bonding.
  • the Rotary-Die process is particularly suitable for producing water-soluble or water-dispersible container according to the invention, wherein under the term of the rotary-die process in the context of the present application also process variants such as the Accogel method, Reciprocating-The Method using a Norton encapsulation machine, the Colton and the Upjohn method summarized.
  • the term of the rotary die method is therefore not to be understood as limiting, but encompasses all variants of the process known to the person skilled in the art which are suitable for producing filled containers using molding rolls.
  • the plastic deformation temperatures in step b) and the heat-sealing may differ significantly.
  • the temperature selected in steps b) and c) is below the temperatures required for the above-described fusion bonding as part of the injection molding process.
  • the temperature for the plastic deformation is preferably 85 to 90 ° C., while the fusion bonding takes place in the temperature range from 150 to 170 ° C.
  • the plastic deformation temperatures are about 150 ° C, while melt bonding is in the range of 160 to 200 ° C.
  • step c) of the claimed method constitute suitable procedures for the deformation of these films
  • a method is still particularly preferred within the scope of the present application, in which the film in step c) under the influence of a vacuum the plastically deformable film is deep-drawn, which preferably remains until after completion of the process in step e) and retains the film in the recess.
  • step e) of the abovementioned deep-drawing method can be carried out by gluing or fusion bonding as in the other methods described, wherein both methods can optionally be carried out in combination with an additional pressure action.
  • Suitable adhesives depending on the composition of the films, in addition to the adhesives known to the person skilled in the art, are also solvents, such as, for example, water.
  • the application of the adhesive on In a preferred process variant of the last-mentioned process, the film preferably takes place after step b) and / or step c) and / or step d).
  • the seal can also be done by melt sealing or pressure.
  • the sealing in step e) is effected by temperature and / or pressure.
  • the water-soluble container has one or more embossing (s) and / or one or more imprint (s).
  • the solids enclosed in the container may have such embossments or imprints.
  • the embossing or de imprint can contain not only lettering but also patterns, shapes and so on. In this way, for example, universal detergents can be identified by a T-shirt symbol, color detergent by a wool symbol, dishwashing detergents by symbols such as glasses, plates, pots, pans, etc. There are no limits to the creativity of product managers. For example, the name of the product or of the manufacturer is also suitable as the lettering.
  • these water-soluble films can be produced by various production methods. Blow molding, calendering and casting processes should be mentioned here in principle.
  • the films are blown starting from a melt with air through a mandrel to a hose.
  • the calendering process which is likewise one of the preferred production processes
  • the raw materials plasticized by suitable additives are atomized to form the films.
  • an aqueous polymer preparation is placed on a heatable drying roller, after the evaporation of the water is optionally cooled and the film is peeled off as a film.
  • this film is additionally powdered before or during the removal.
  • the polymer materials may particularly preferably include the groups (optionally partially acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, cellulose and derivatives thereof, starch and derivatives thereof, in particular modified starches, and mixtures (polymer blends, composites, co-extrudates, etc.). belong to the materials mentioned - see above. Particularly preferred are gelatin and polyvinyl alcohols and the two materials mentioned in each case in combination with starch or modified starch. Also suitable are inorganic salts and mixtures thereof as materials for the at least partially water-soluble coating.
  • An essential advantage of this embodiment is that the container within a practically relevant short time - as a non-limiting example, can be at least partially solve under precisely defined conditions in the cleaning liquor - and a few seconds to 5 min, and thus according to the requirements of the wrapped content, d. H. the cleaning-active material or several materials in the fleet brings.
  • the water-soluble container comprises regions which are less soluble in water or only soluble in water at elevated temperature and regions which are readily soluble in water or soluble in water at low temperature.
  • the container does not consist of a uniform, in all areas the same water solubility having material, but of materials of different water solubility.
  • areas of good water solubility are to be distinguished from areas with less good water solubility, with poor or even absent water solubility or areas in which the water solubility reaches the desired value only at a higher temperature or only at a different pH value or only when the electrolyte concentration has changed achieved, on the other hand.
  • a container provided with pores or holes is formed, into which water and / or liquor can penetrate, which can dissolve washing-active, rinse-active or cleaning-active ingredients and remove them from the container.
  • onion system systems in the form of multi-chamber containers or in the form of nested containers.
  • containers may be provided in which a uniform polymeric material comprises small areas of incorporated compounds (for example, salts) which are more rapidly soluble in water than the polymeric material.
  • incorporated compounds for example, salts
  • polymer blend several polymer materials with different water solubility can be mixed (polymer blend), so that the faster soluble polymer material is disintegrated faster under defined conditions by water or the liquor than the slower soluble one.
  • the less water-soluble or water-insoluble areas or portions of the tanks which are only water soluble at higher temperatures are areas of material substantially chemically that of the water-soluble or water-soluble areas but has a higher layer thickness and / or has a modified degree of polymerization of the same polymer and / or has a higher degree of crosslinking the same polymer structure and / or a higher degree of acetalization (in PVAL, for example with saccharides, polysaccharides such as starch) and / or a content having water-insoluble salt components and / or having a content of a water-insoluble polymer.
  • PVAL for example with saccharides, polysaccharides such as starch
  • portioned detergent compositions can be provided according to the invention, which have advantageous properties in the release of the detergent or cleaning composition into the respective liquor.
  • the water-soluble container material is preferably transparent.
  • transparency means that the transmittance within the visible spectrum of the light (410 to 800 nm) is greater than 20%, preferably greater than 30%, more preferably greater than 40% and in particular greater than 50%.
  • a wavelength of the visible spectrum of the light has a transmittance greater than 20%, it is to be regarded as transparent within the meaning of the invention.
  • Particulate detergent compositions according to the invention which are packaged in transparent containers, may contain a stabilizer as an essential constituent.
  • Stabilizing agents according to the invention are materials which protect the detergent ingredients in their water-soluble, transparent containers from decomposition or deactivation by light irradiation. Antioxidants, UV absorbers and fluorescent dyes have proven to be particularly suitable here.
  • antioxidants are particularly suitable stabilizing agents in the context of the invention.
  • the formulations may contain antioxidants.
  • antioxidants which may be used here are sterically hindered groups, substituted phenols, bisphenols and thiobisphenols. Further examples are propyl gallate, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), Tocopherol and the long chain (C8-C22) esters of gallic acid, such as dodecyl gallate.
  • Other substance classes are aromatic amines, preferably secondary aromatic amines and substituted p-phenylenediamines, phosphorus compounds with trivalent phosphorus such as phosphines, phosphites and phosphonites, citric acids and citric acid derivatives such as isopropyl citrate, compounds containing endiol groups, so-called reductones, such as ascorbic acid and its derivatives, such as ascorbic palmitate, organosulfur compounds such as the esters of 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid with C 1-18 alkanols, especially C 10-18 alkanols, metal ion deactivators capable of auto-oxidation catalyzing metal ions such as copper, to complex such as nitrilotriacetic acid and its derivatives and their mixtures.
  • Antioxidants may be present in the formulations in amounts of up to 35% by weight, preferably up to 25% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 20 and in particular from 0.03 to 20% by weight.
  • UV absorbers can improve the light stability of the formulation ingredients. These are understood to be organic substances (light protection filters) which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and to release the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wave radiation, for example heat. Compounds having these desired properties include, for example, the non-radiative deactivating compounds and derivatives of benzophenone having substituents in the 2- and / or 4-position.
  • substituted benzotriazoles such as the water-soluble benzenesulfonic acid-3- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-hydroxy-5- (methylpro pyl-) monosodium salt (Ciba ® Fast H), 3-phenyl-substituted acrylates ( Cinnamic acid derivatives), optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanic acid.
  • the biphenyl and especially stilbene derivatives which are available as Tinosorb ® FD or Tinosorb ® FR ex Ciba commercial.
  • 3-benzylidene camphor or 3-benzylidene norcamphor and derivatives thereof, for example 3- (4-methylbenzylidene) camphor may be mentioned as UV-B absorbers; 4-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 2-ethylhexyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate, 2-octyl 4- (dimethylamino) benzoate and 4- (dimethylamino) benzoic acid ester; Esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 4-methoxycinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid propyl ester, 4-methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl ester, 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester (octocrylene); Esters of salicylic acid, preferably 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, 4-isopropylbenzyl sal
  • 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid and its salts
  • Sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-Benzylidencamphers such as 4- (2-oxo-3-bomylidenemethyl) benzenesulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bomylidene) sulfonic acid and salts thereof.
  • UV-A filter in particular derivatives of benzoylmethane are suitable, such as 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione, 4-tert-butyl 4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), 1-phenyl-3- (4'-isopropylphenyl) -propane-1,3-dione and enamine compounds.
  • the UV-A and UV-B filters can also be used in mixtures.
  • insoluble photoprotective pigments namely finely dispersed, preferably nano-metal oxides or salts, are also suitable for this purpose.
  • suitable metal oxides are in particular zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and, in addition, oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium and mixtures thereof.
  • silicates (talc) barium sulfate or zinc stearate can be used.
  • the oxides and salts are already used in the form of the pigments for skin-care and skin-protecting emulsions and decorative cosmetics.
  • the particles should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nm and in particular between 15 and 30 nm. They may have a spherical shape, but it is also possible to use those particles which have an ellipsoidal or otherwise deviating shape from the spherical shape.
  • the pigments can also be surface-treated, ie hydrophilized or hydrophobized.
  • Typical examples are coated titanium dioxides, for example Titandioxid T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex ® T2000 (Merck).
  • Suitable hydrophobic coating agents are in particular silicones and in particular trialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones.
  • micronized zinc oxide is used.
  • UV absorbers can be present in the detergent or cleaning compositions in amounts of up to 5% by weight, preferably up to 3% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 2.0 and in particular from 0.03 to 1% by weight be.
  • fluorescent dyes include the 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methyl umbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diarylpyrazolines, naphthalimides, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole and benzimidazole systems and the hetero-cyclic substituted pyrene derivatives.
  • fluorescent dyes include the 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methyl umbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diarylpyrazolines, naphthalimides, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole and benzimidazole systems and the hetero-cyclic substituted pyrene derivatives.
  • Fluorescent substances can be present in the formulations in amounts of up to 5% by weight, preferably up to 1% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 and in particular from 0.03 to 0.1% by weight.
  • the abovementioned stabilizers are used in any mixtures.
  • the stabilizers are used in amounts of up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 20% by weight, in particular from 0.02 to 5% by weight.
  • portioned detergent or cleaner compositions according to the invention may be provided in such a way that the package is water-soluble on the one hand and tightly closed on the other hand, i.e. on the other hand. to the environment is completed.
  • two embodiments can be realized:
  • the container (s) is / are completed and contains at least one gas that does not react with the detergent composition, more preferably in an amount such that the total pressure within the / closed container (s) is above the external pressure, more preferably at least 1 mbar above the outside pressure.
  • Very particularly preferred embodiments of these portions according to the invention comprise at least one gas which does not react with the detergent composition in such an amount that the total pressure within the sealed containers is at least 5 mbar, more preferably at least 10 mbar, most preferably in the Range of 10 mbar to 50 mbar is above the external pressure.
  • the containers may contain either one or more gases.
  • the loading of the containers with a gas is due to the associated lower Cost preferred.
  • Preferred washing or cleaning agent portions according to the invention comprise as gas (s) at least one gas selected from the group N 2 , noble gas (s), CO 2 , N 2 O, O 2 , H 2 , air, gaseous Hydrocarbons, especially N 2 , which is available at low cost everywhere.
  • the gases mentioned are advantageously inert to the components of the detergent-active preparation and are therefore also sometimes referred to as "inert gases" in the context of the present invention.
  • the container (s) is / are closed and contains at least one substance which, on reaction with water, releases a gas which does not react with the detergent preparation (s) in an amount such that the total pressure within the closed one Container rises.
  • the at least one substance contained in the container (s) liberates the at least one gas in an amount upon reaction with water in such a way that the total pressure inside the closed container rises by at least 1 mbar above the external pressure , preferably by at least 5 mbar, more preferably by a value in the range of 5 to 50 mbar higher than the external pressure.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous in that its manufacture is greatly simplified over that embodiment in which the gas is contained in the sealed container, since only the at least one substance must be added which, upon contact with moisture / water in the closed container, at least generates a gas. Furthermore, any moisture that has entered the container is immediately taken up and reacted by the substance capable of reacting with water and is therefore no longer available for a deterioration in the quality of the components of the detergent composition. Also conceivable are mixed forms of the portions in which from the beginning both (at least) one gas in the container and a substance capable of reacting with water are contained.
  • the gas-releasing substance is a constituent of the detergent composition and, more preferably, is a hygroscopic substance which is compatible with the components of the detergent composition.
  • a substance is preferably metered into the water-soluble or water-dispersible container separately from the liquid detergent or cleaning agent composition according to the invention, this container preferably being sealed with the detergent composition already a few seconds, in particular within 10 seconds, after the gas-releasing substance has come into contact.
  • the release of the gas then increases the internal pressure within the containers to a value above the atmospheric pressure and thus achieves the above-mentioned advantages.
  • Such substances include, but are not limited to, substances selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide-containing substances, O-containing substances, OCO-containing substances, hydrides and carbides, more preferably a substance, which is selected from the group of percarbonates (particularly preferably sodium percarbonate), persulfates, perborates, peracids, M A M B H 4 , in which M A is an alkali metal (particularly preferably Li or Na) (for example LiAlH 4 , NaBH 4 , NaAlH 4 ) and M B is B or Al, or M I 2 C 2 or M II C 2 , where M 'is a monovalent metal and M "is a divalent metal (e.g., CaC 2 ).
  • M A is an alkali metal (particularly preferably Li or Na) (for example LiAlH 4 , NaBH 4 , NaAlH 4 ) and M B is B or Al, or M I 2 C 2 or M II C 2 , where M 'is a monovalent
  • the amounts of the individual ingredients, more preferably further ingredients and preferred parameters for the containers applies analogously to the described methods according to the invention.

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Claims (13)

  1. Composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage liquide, en portions, scellée à chaud dans un conteneur soluble ou dispersible dans l'eau, comprenant une matrice contenant de l'eau et des particules solides qui y sont dispersées, caractérisée en ce que la matrice contenant de l'eau présente une teneur en eau supérieure à 6% en poids et au moins 70% en poids des particules solides dispersées présentent des grosseurs de particules inférieures à 200 µm.
  2. Composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage en portions selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins 50% en poids, de préférence au moins 55% en poids, de manière particulièrement préférée au moins 60% en poids et en particulier au moins 70% en poids des particules solides dispersées présentent des grosseurs de particules entre 1 et 200 µm, de préférence entre 5 et 160 µm, de manière particulièrement préférée entre 7,5 et 120 µm et en particulier entre 10 et 100 µm.
  3. Composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage en portions selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la composition liquide d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage présente une viscosité (viscosimètre de Brookfield LVT-II à 20 t/min et 20°C, axe 3) de 500 à 50 000 mPa.s, de préférence de 1 000 à 10 000 mPa.s, de manière particulièrement préférée de 1 200 à 5 000 mPa.s et en particulier de 1 300 à 3 000 mPa.s.
  4. Composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage en portions selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la matrice contenant de l'eau présente une teneur en eau entre 10 et 70% en poids, de manière particulièrement préférée entre 20 et 60% en poids et en particulier entre 30 et 50% en poids, à chaque fois par rapport au poids total de la composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage.
  5. Composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage en portions selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient un ou des solvants non aqueux en des quantités de 0,1 à 70% en poids, de préférence de 0,5 à 60% en poids, de manière particulièrement préférée de 1 à 50% en poids, de manière tout particulièrement préférée de 2 à 40% en poids et en particulier de 2,5 à 30% en poids, à chaque fois par rapport à la totalité de la composition, le ou les solvants non aqueux préférés étant choisis dans le groupe formé par les agents tensioactifs non ioniques liquides à température ambiante, les polyéthylèneglycols et les polypropylèneglycols, le glycérol, le carbonate de glycérol, la triacétine, l'éthylèneglycol, le propylèneglycol, le carbonate de propylène, l'hexylèneglycol, l'éthanol ainsi que le n-propanol et/ou l'iso-propanol.
  6. Composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage en portions selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que les particules solides dispersées comprennent un ou plusieurs sels organiques et/ou inorganiques solubles dans l'eau, de préférence des builders solubles dans l'eau, de manière particulièrement préférée les citrates et/ou les phosphates, en particulier les phosphates de métal alcalin en préférant en particulier le triphosphate pentasodique ou pentapotassique (tripolyphosphate de sodium ou de potassium), en préférant les compositions qui contiennent les solides dispersés mentionnés en des quantités de 5 à 70% en poids, de préférence de 10 à 65% en poids, de manière particulièrement préférée de 15 à 60% en poids, de manière tout particulièrement préférée de 20 à 55% en poids et en particulier de 25 à 50% en poids, à chaque fois par rapport à la totalité de la composition.
  7. Composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage en portions selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient en outre 0,01 à 5% en poids, de préférence 0,02 à 4% en poids, de manière particulièrement préférée 0,05 à 3% en poids et en particulier 0,1 à 1,5% en poids, d'un épaississant, de préférence d'un épaississant polymère, en préférant comme épaississant l'hydroxyéthylcellulose et/ou l'hydroxypropylcellulose et/ou des épaississants du groupe des polysaccharides, de préférence le xanthane, des polyuréthanes ou des polyacrylates modifiés en préférant en particulier les épaississants de formule XVII
    Figure imgb0016
     dans laquelle R3 représente H ou un radical C1-4-alkyle ou resp. alcényle ramifié ou non ramifié, X représente N-R5 ou O, R4 représente un radical C8-22-alkyle ou resp. alcényle le cas échéant alcoxylé, ramifié ou non ramifié, éventuellement substitué, R5 représente H ou R4 et n représente un nombre naturel.
  8. Composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage en portions selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que le conteneur soluble ou dispersible dans l'eau comprend un ou plusieurs polymères solubles dans l'eau, de préférence un matériau du groupe formé par le poly(alcool vinylique) (le cas échéant acétalisé) (PVAL), la polyvinylpyrrolidone, le poly(oxyde d'éthylène), la gélatine, la cellulose, et leurs dérivés et mélanges.
  9. Composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage en portions selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le conteneur soluble ou dispersible dans l'eau comprend un poly(alcool vinylique), dont le degré d'hydrolyse est de 70 à 100% en mole, de préférence 80 à 90% en mole, de manière particulièrement préférée 81 à 89% en mole et en particulier 82 à 88% en mole.
  10. Composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage en portions selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le conteneur soluble ou dispersible dans l'eau comprend un poly(alcool vinylique) dont le poids moléculaire se situe dans la plage de 10 000 à 100 000 gmole-1, de préférence de 11 000 à 90 000 gmole-1, de manière particulièrement préférée de 12 000 à 80 000 gmole-1 et en particulier de 13 000 à 70 000 gmole-1.
  11. Composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage en portions selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que le récipient soluble ou dispersible dans l'eau est un sachet en feuille et la feuille présente une épaisseur de 1 à 150 µm, de préférence de 2 à 100 µm, de manière particulièrement préférée de 5 à 75 µm et en particulier de 10 à 50 µm.
  12. Composition d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage en portions selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que le conteneur soluble ou dispersible dans l'eau comprend un corps moulé par injection ou embouti, dont la paroi présente une épaisseur de 50 à 300 µm, de préférence de 70 à 200 µm et en particulier de 80 à 150 µm.
  13. Procédé de préparation de compositions d'agent de lavage ou de nettoyage, liquides, en portions, scellées à chaud, dans lequel au moins un solide est dispersé dans une matrice contenant de l'eau et ensuite emballé dans un conteneur soluble ou dispersible dans l'eau, caractérisé en ce que la matrice contenant de l'eau présente une teneur en eau supérieure à 6% en poids et au moins 70% en poids des particules de solide dispersées présentent des grosseurs de particules inférieures à 200 µm.
EP03735678A 2002-07-04 2003-06-25 Composition d'agent de lavage et de nettoyage en portions Expired - Lifetime EP1520004B1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2003/006664 WO2004005447A1 (fr) 2002-07-04 2003-06-25 Composition d'agent de lavage et de nettoyage en portions

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US8636918B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-01-28 Ecolab Usa Inc. Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide hybrid polymer composition and methods of controlling hard water scale
US8674021B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2014-03-18 Akzo Nobel N.V. Sulfonated graft copolymers
US8679366B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-03-25 Ecolab Usa Inc. Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide graft polymer composition and methods of controlling hard water scale
US8841246B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-09-23 Ecolab Usa Inc. Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide hybrid polymer composition and methods of improving drainage
US8853144B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-10-07 Ecolab Usa Inc. Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide graft polymer composition and methods of improving drainage
US8945314B2 (en) 2012-07-30 2015-02-03 Ecolab Usa Inc. Biodegradable stability binding agent for a solid detergent
US9051406B2 (en) 2011-11-04 2015-06-09 Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. Graft dendrite copolymers, and methods for producing the same
US9109068B2 (en) 2005-07-21 2015-08-18 Akzo Nobel N.V. Hybrid copolymer compositions
US9365805B2 (en) 2014-05-15 2016-06-14 Ecolab Usa Inc. Bio-based pot and pan pre-soak
US9988526B2 (en) 2011-11-04 2018-06-05 Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. Hybrid dendrite copolymers, compositions thereof and methods for producing the same

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JP6834012B2 (ja) * 2017-02-06 2021-02-24 ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニーＴｈｅ Ｐｒｏｃｔｅｒ ＆ Ｇａｍｂｌｅ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ 脆弱線を含む洗濯洗剤シート

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Cited By (13)

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US9109068B2 (en) 2005-07-21 2015-08-18 Akzo Nobel N.V. Hybrid copolymer compositions
US9321873B2 (en) 2005-07-21 2016-04-26 Akzo Nobel N.V. Hybrid copolymer compositions for personal care applications
US8674021B2 (en) 2006-07-21 2014-03-18 Akzo Nobel N.V. Sulfonated graft copolymers
US8841246B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-09-23 Ecolab Usa Inc. Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide hybrid polymer composition and methods of improving drainage
US8853144B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-10-07 Ecolab Usa Inc. Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide graft polymer composition and methods of improving drainage
US8636918B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-01-28 Ecolab Usa Inc. Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide hybrid polymer composition and methods of controlling hard water scale
US9309489B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2016-04-12 Ecolab Usa Inc Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide hybrid polymer composition and methods of improving drainage
US8679366B2 (en) 2011-08-05 2014-03-25 Ecolab Usa Inc. Cleaning composition containing a polysaccharide graft polymer composition and methods of controlling hard water scale
US9051406B2 (en) 2011-11-04 2015-06-09 Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. Graft dendrite copolymers, and methods for producing the same
US9988526B2 (en) 2011-11-04 2018-06-05 Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. Hybrid dendrite copolymers, compositions thereof and methods for producing the same
US8945314B2 (en) 2012-07-30 2015-02-03 Ecolab Usa Inc. Biodegradable stability binding agent for a solid detergent
US9365805B2 (en) 2014-05-15 2016-06-14 Ecolab Usa Inc. Bio-based pot and pan pre-soak
US10053652B2 (en) 2014-05-15 2018-08-21 Ecolab Usa Inc. Bio-based pot and pan pre-soak

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WO2004005447A1 (fr) 2004-01-15
ATE348871T1 (de) 2007-01-15
DE10230019A1 (de) 2004-02-12
ES2279122T3 (es) 2007-08-16
AU2003238045A1 (en) 2004-01-23
DE50306049D1 (de) 2007-02-01
JP2005536584A (ja) 2005-12-02

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