EP1519038B1 - Dispositif d'allumage à laser pour moteur à combustion - Google Patents

Dispositif d'allumage à laser pour moteur à combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1519038B1
EP1519038B1 EP03021446A EP03021446A EP1519038B1 EP 1519038 B1 EP1519038 B1 EP 1519038B1 EP 03021446 A EP03021446 A EP 03021446A EP 03021446 A EP03021446 A EP 03021446A EP 1519038 B1 EP1519038 B1 EP 1519038B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser
ignition device
cooling
resonator
laser crystal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03021446A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1519038A1 (fr
Inventor
Ernst Dipl.-Ing.Dr. Winklhofer
Georg Dipl.-Ing. Franz
Gerhard Dipl.-Ing. Kroupa
Volker Mannheim
Alfred Dipl.Ing. Binder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AVL List GmbH
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AVL List GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AVL List GmbH filed Critical AVL List GmbH
Priority to DE50304768T priority Critical patent/DE50304768D1/de
Priority to EP03021446A priority patent/EP1519038B1/fr
Priority to AT03021446T priority patent/ATE337486T1/de
Priority to EP03450285A priority patent/EP1519039A1/fr
Priority to PCT/AT2004/000320 priority patent/WO2005028856A1/fr
Priority to JP2006527218A priority patent/JP4477636B2/ja
Priority to US10/573,115 priority patent/US7499477B2/en
Publication of EP1519038A1 publication Critical patent/EP1519038A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1519038B1 publication Critical patent/EP1519038B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser ignition device for an internal combustion engine, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • US 6,514,069 B1 discloses a laser ignition device which consists of an ignition laser and an excitation laser having a pump light source. Only the ignition laser is housed in a cylindrical tube, which corresponds to a spark plug well. The excitation laser, however, is spatially separated from the ignition laser and connected to this via optical fiber.
  • a laser ignition device for an internal combustion engine wherein the resonator of the laser including photo-optical focusing device is screwed into a cylinder head bore so that the ignition device opens directly into the combustion chamber.
  • the laser ignition device uses the principle of a solid-state laser with a pulsed pump light source. This has the advantage that high pulse energies can be achieved with relatively little expenditure of energy.
  • a pump light source while a flash lamp is used.
  • an actively switchable Q-switch is used. In the so-called "Q-switching", the energy is stored during the pumping of the active medium in the laser cavity and released during a very short emission time. This results in an extremely high-energy laser pulse.
  • the photo-optical device of the known laser ignition device has three lenses. Together with the active Q-switch and by a flash lamp formed pump light source results in the most serious disadvantage that the device can not be housed entirely in a screwed into a spark plug shaft component. About the required for pumped solid state lasers cooling the laser crystal and the light source of the document no information can be found.
  • US Pat. No. 6,413,077 B1 describes a laser ignition device in which a plurality of lasers, namely an excitation laser and an ignition laser, are used. By means of a Q-switch, the pulses of the excitation laser and the ignition laser are added up and thus the energy density required for an ignition is provided.
  • This known ignition device has the disadvantage of a very high design effort and requires too much space to be used instead of a spark plug in an internal combustion engine can.
  • the use of laser ignition instead of spark ignition offers a number of advantages.
  • the relatively freely selectable location of the ignition plasma does not require any material structure which could disturb the combustion process.
  • the choice of the ignition location allows an optimization of the combustion process, possibly also a multiple ignition.
  • the high ignition pressures, such as occur in gas engines, are contrary to the laser ignition, since the required pulse energy decreases at higher pressures.
  • the laser ignition ignites even lean mixtures, resulting in very low NO x emissions.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a suitable for practical use in internal combustion engine laser ignition device, which takes up little space and which can be used with little design effort in internal combustion engines.
  • the pump diodes used as a pump light source have the advantage of higher efficiency compared to flash lamps.
  • the laser diodes are operated pulsed with a pulse energy of a few mJ and about 100-200 ⁇ s, whereby the power per diode is limited to a few 10W.
  • High-power laser diodes consist of an array of many single diodes and thus achieve a very high pulse energy. Due to the large emission area and the non-continuous distribution (low quality), the laser beam can only be focused very badly. Due to the long resonator, a much higher beam quality and thus a smaller focus diameter can be achieved with a solid-state laser
  • the pulsed solid-state laser used for the laser ignition device according to the invention is composed of the four main components pump diode, crystal rod, resonator with Auskoppelapt, Q-switch and focusing device.
  • the radiation of the pump diodes stimulates metastable energy levels in the laser crystal and thus stores the energy. Due to a low spontaneous emission, the laser crystal begins to emit light at the laser wavelength (1064nm).
  • the laser crystal is embedded in an optical resonator whose quality is increased in a pulse-like manner with the Q-switch when the desired power density is reached.
  • the geometry of the resonator results from the requirement that the pump diodes must be arranged at the upper end of the spark plug well. To achieve a high quality, the largest possible distance between the laser crystal and the output mirror is necessary. This results in the elongated design, with the head area with laser crystal at one end and the output mirror at the other end of a tube.
  • the pump diodes Since the wavelength of the pump diodes changes with the temperature of the laser substrate and the laser crystal has only a very narrow absorption line, the pump diodes must be thermally stabilized. Investigations have shown that at least two, preferably three different cooling systems for thermal stabilization of the resonator are advantageous. For at least one cooling system, the temperature-controlled cooling water of the internal combustion engine offers. However, since the pump diodes must be operated at a much lower temperature level than the cooling water temperature, the use of thermoelectric cooling elements (Peltier cooling elements) is required in this case. At least one cooling system therefore has at least one Peltier cooling element. It is provided that for cooling the laser crystal and / or the pump diodes, the resonator has a first inner coolant circuit.
  • the heat of the inner circuit is derived via a heat spreader to at least one Peltier cooling element. It is particularly advantageous if the resonator has at least one outer second coolant circuit for heat removal from the Peltier cooling element. At least one of the cooling systems can also be designed to warm the pump diodes. It is particularly advantageous if, during a cold start, the pump diodes can be heated by the Peltier cooling element to the operating temperature.
  • the laser crystal can consist of either ND: YAG (neodymium: YAG) or ND: YVO 4 (neodymium: vanadate).
  • ND: YAG is widely used, inexpensive and mechanically strong, but has a much narrower absorption line than ND: YVO 4 .
  • the use of ND: YAG laser crystals thus requires a particularly good cooling device.
  • a very effective heat removal from the laser crystal is achieved when the laser crystal is surrounded by at least one preferably annular first cooling channel.
  • a plurality of pump diodes are arranged concentrically around the laser crystal, wherein preferably at least three, more preferably at least six pump diodes are arranged uniformly around the laser crystal.
  • the pump diodes are advantageously connected in series.
  • the laser crystal is thus pumped laterally by the pump diodes, that is radially.
  • several rings of pump diodes can also be arranged concentrically one behind the other around the laser crystal.
  • water can be used at least for the second outer cooling circuit.
  • the laser ignition device 1 consists of the main components laser crystal 2, pump light source 30, passive Q-switch 4, tube 5, Auskoppelapt 6 and focusing 7 with a focus lens 8, and a cooling device 11th
  • a high efficiency can be achieved if the pump light source 30 is formed by pump diodes 3.
  • the laser crystal 2 Via the irradiation of the pump diodes 3 (808nm), metastable energy levels in the laser crystal 2 are excited and the energy is thus stored. Due to a low spontaneous emission, the laser crystal 2 emits light at the laser wavelength (1064nm).
  • the laser crystal 2 is embedded in an optical resonator 9 whose quality is increased in a pulse-like manner with the passive Q-switch 4 when the desired power density is reached.
  • a short, strong laser pulse 26 is obtained at the outcoupling mirror 6.
  • Individual pump diodes 3 are connected in series and arranged annularly laterally around the laser crystal 2.
  • the pump diodes 3 must be operated at relatively low temperature of about 30 ° C due to greatly reduced lifetime at higher operating temperature. In addition, the wavelength of the pump diodes 3 changes with the temperature. Since the rod-shaped laser crystal 2 consisting of neodymium: YAG (ND: YAG) has only a very narrow absorption line, the pump diodes 3 must be thermally stabilized. For this purpose, the cooling device 11 is provided in the head region 10 of the laser ignition device 1.
  • the cooling device 11 includes three different cooling systems A, B, C.
  • the first cooling system A has annularly distributed around the heat spreader 28 Peltier cooling elements 12.
  • further cooling systems B, C with two liquid cooling circuits 13, 14 are provided.
  • the coolant of the cooling circuit 13 flows through the head part 10 substantially in the direction of the axis 1 a of the laser ignition device 1.
  • the first cooling circuit 13 has the task to thermally stabilize the laser crystal 2 and to transfer its heat loss to the heat spreader 28.
  • the laser crystal 2 is surrounded by at least one first cooling channel 16, which may be formed as an annular channel, as can be seen from Fig.7. Instead of an annular channel, a plurality of first inlet channels 16 may be arranged around the laser crystal 2. Via at least one inlet opening 19a and one distributor ring space 19, the coolant is supplied to the first cooling channel 16, and discharged again via a collecting ring space 20 and outlet openings 20a.
  • the heat loss of the laser crystal 2 is at least partially transmitted when flowing through the annular spaces 19, 20 to the flange plate 17 and the connection plate 23, these in turn transmit the heat by heat conduction to the heat spreader 28th
  • the heat spreader 28 may have axial cooling channels 15, as indicated in Fig. 4 and 6 by dashed lines.
  • the cooling medium enters through the access openings 19a in the Verteilerringraum 19, flows through the first cooling channels 15 of the heat spreader 28 and is passed via the transfer channel 18 in the cooling channel 16. Thereafter, it flows through the collecting ring space 20 and outlet openings 20a to an external pump.
  • the second cooling circuit 14 has inlet openings 21 in the outer heat exchanger 29, which lead to second cooling channels 24 and on to outlet openings 22.
  • the coolant formed for example by water passes through the inlet openings 21 into the second cooling channels 24, flows through the outer heat exchanger 29 and leaves the laser ignition device 1 again in the region of the outlet openings 22. Cooling elements 12 discharged via the outer heat exchanger 29.
  • the three cooling systems A, B, C - namely Peltier cooling elements 12, the first cooling circuit 13 and second cooling circuit 14 - existing cooling device 11, it is possible, as a material for the laser crystal 2, the widely used, inexpensive and mechanically strong neodymium: YAG and to use pump diodes 3 as the pump light source.
  • the pump diodes 3 can be thermally stabilized to about 30 ° C, which has an advantageous effect on their life.
  • it can be achieved by the thermal stabilization that the wavelength of the pump diodes 3 always remains within the narrow absorption line of the laser crystal 2.
  • the laser crystal 2 is mirrored in the area of the end-side connection plate 23 for the laser wavelength (1064 nm) and antireflective coated on the other end.
  • the shape of the laser ignition device 1 results from the requirement that it should be mounted instead of a spark plug in the spark plug well 31 of a cylinder head 32 and from the boundary condition that the pump diodes 3 in the head region 10 of the laser ignition device 1 must be arranged.
  • the Auskoppelspiegel 6 is therefore arranged in the foot region 25 of the laser ignition device 1 near the combustion chamber.
  • the focusing device 7 Shortly after the Auskoppelspiegel 6 is the focusing device 7 with a single focus lens 8, which simultaneously forms the window to the combustion chamber and is designed as a plano-spherical lens.
  • sapphire is suitable.
  • the second cooling circuit 14 may be coupled to the existing water cooling of the engine.
  • For the first cooling circuit higher optical, qualitative and thermal conditions have to be fulfilled, so that a separate coolant is required here.
  • the pump diodes 3 must be operated at a higher operating temperature at about 30 ° C due to greatly reduced lifetime.
  • the waste heat flow is derived via a heat spreader 28, which consists of copper, to the Peltier cooling elements 12, which transform the heat flow to the temperature level of the engine cooling water and deliver it via the outer heat exchanger 29 thereto.
  • the wavelength of the pump diodes 3 shifts with temperature and the absorption band of the laser crystal 2 is extremely narrow, a fast and accurate temperature control must be provided.
  • the temperature on the cold side should deviate by a maximum of +/- 1.5 ° C from the nominal value. To this To reach the Peltier cooling elements 12 are operated with at least one temperature sensor and a power source in a closed loop.
  • the laser crystal 2 Via the preferably six pump diodes 3 arranged around the laser crystal 2, light pulses are supplied to the laser crystal 2. Via the irradiation of the pump diodes 3 (808nm), metastable energy levels in the laser crystal 2 are excited and the energy is thus stored. Due to a low spontaneous emission, the laser crystal 2 emits light at the laser wavelength (1064nm). For amplification and coherence of the light, the laser crystal 2 is embedded in an optical resonator 9 whose quality is increased in a pulse-like manner with the passive Q-switch 4 when the desired power density is reached. As a result, a high, short laser pulse 26, which is focused via the focusing lens 8 in a focal point 27, is obtained at the outcoupling mirror 6.
  • the laser ignition device 1 can be arranged entirely in the spark plug shaft 31 of a cylinder head 32 of an internal combustion engine.
  • the laser ignition device 1 is thus suitable for use in existing conventional cylinder head concepts for spark-ignition internal combustion engines.
  • the focusing lens 8 is flush with the cylinder head cover surface 34 toward the combustion chamber 33.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Dispositif d'allumage par laser (1) pour un moteur à combustion interne, avec un laser à corps solide pompé à commutation de qualité, avec une source de lumière pompée (30) pulsée, un cristal laser (2) fixe, incorporé dans un résonateur (9), un commutateur de qualité (4) pour augmenter la densité de puissance, au moins un miroir de découplage (6) et un dispositif de focalisation (7), par l'intermédiaire duquel le rayon laser (26) peut être focalisé dans une chambre de combustion, la source de lumière pompée (30), le résonateur (9) avec le cristal laser (2), le commutateur de qualité (4), le miroir de découplage (6), le dispositif de focalisation (7) étant intégrés en un composant, caractérisé en ce que la source de lumière pompée (30) est formée par des diodes de pompage, en ce que le commutateur de qualité (4) est de nature passive, et en ce qu'un dispositif de refroidissement (11), devant refroidir le résonateur (9), est prévu, présentant au moins un circuit de fluide de refroidissement (13, 14) qui est également intégré dans le composant, réalisé sous forme de composant unique, insérable dans un puits pour bougie d'allumage (31) du moteur à combustion interne.
  2. Dispositif d'allumage (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de focalisation (7) présente une lentille de focalisation (8) unique.
  3. Dispositif d'allumage (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de refroidissement (11) présente au moins deux, de préférence trois, systèmes de refroidissement (A, B, C) différents.
  4. Dispositif d'allumage (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le résonateur (9) présente au moins un élément de refroidissement à effet Peltier (12), pour assurer le refroidissement des diodes de pompage (3).
  5. Dispositif d'allumage (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le résonateur (9) présente un premier circuit de fluide de refroidissement (13) intérieur, pour assurer le refroidissement du cristal laser (2).
  6. Dispositif d'allumage (1) selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que le résonateur (9) présente au moins un deuxième circuit de fluide de refroidissement (14) extérieur, pour assurer l'évacuation de chaleur de l'élément de refroidissement à effet Peltier (12).
  7. Dispositif d'allumage (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le cristal laser (2) est entouré par au moins un premier canal de refroidissement (16), de préférence en forme d'anneau.
  8. Dispositif d'allumage (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs diodes de pompage (3) sont disposées concentriquement autour du cristal laser (2).
  9. Dispositif d'allumage (1) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins trois, de préférence au moins six, diodes de pompage (3) sont disposées, réparties régulièrement autour du cristal laser.
  10. Dispositif d'allumage (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que, en cas de démarrage à froid, les diodes de pompage (3) sont susceptibles d'être chauffées à la température de fonctionnement, au moyen de l'élément de refroidissement à effet Peltier (12).
  11. Dispositif d'allumage (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les diodes de pompage (3) sont branchées en série.
EP03021446A 2003-09-23 2003-09-23 Dispositif d'allumage à laser pour moteur à combustion Expired - Lifetime EP1519038B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE50304768T DE50304768D1 (de) 2003-09-23 2003-09-23 Laser-Zündeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
EP03021446A EP1519038B1 (fr) 2003-09-23 2003-09-23 Dispositif d'allumage à laser pour moteur à combustion
AT03021446T ATE337486T1 (de) 2003-09-23 2003-09-23 Laser-zündeinrichtung für eine brennkraftmaschine
EP03450285A EP1519039A1 (fr) 2003-09-23 2003-12-23 Laser solide déclenché à pompage optique
PCT/AT2004/000320 WO2005028856A1 (fr) 2003-09-23 2004-09-23 Moteur a combustion interne
JP2006527218A JP4477636B2 (ja) 2003-09-23 2004-09-23 内燃機関用のレーザ点火装置
US10/573,115 US7499477B2 (en) 2003-09-23 2004-09-23 Internal combustion engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03021446A EP1519038B1 (fr) 2003-09-23 2003-09-23 Dispositif d'allumage à laser pour moteur à combustion

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1519038A1 EP1519038A1 (fr) 2005-03-30
EP1519038B1 true EP1519038B1 (fr) 2006-08-23

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EP03021446A Expired - Lifetime EP1519038B1 (fr) 2003-09-23 2003-09-23 Dispositif d'allumage à laser pour moteur à combustion

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EP (1) EP1519038B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE337486T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50304768D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT503451B8 (de) * 2006-06-13 2008-05-15 Ctr Carinthian Tech Res Ag Festkörperlaser
DE102007046312A1 (de) 2007-09-27 2009-04-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Lasereinrichtung für die Zündeinrichtung einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE102009000487A1 (de) 2009-01-29 2010-08-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze
US8833323B2 (en) 2009-02-02 2014-09-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ignition laser
AT508801B1 (de) * 2009-10-07 2011-09-15 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Ohg Brennkraftmaschinenzündvorrichtung
DE102010031598A1 (de) 2010-07-21 2012-01-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kühlvorrichtung für eine Laserzündkerze
DE102010061967A1 (de) * 2010-11-25 2012-05-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze für eine Brennkraftmaschine und Herstellungsverfahren hierfür
EP2522842A1 (fr) * 2011-05-13 2012-11-14 GE Jenbacher GmbH & Co. OHG Tête de cylindre pour moteur à combustion interne
DE102011079507A1 (de) 2011-07-20 2013-01-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze und Kühler für eine Laserzündkerze
DE102013201812A1 (de) 2013-02-05 2014-08-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündsystem
DE102013226119A1 (de) 2013-02-11 2014-08-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündsystem
DE102013212065A1 (de) 2013-06-25 2015-01-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Montage einer Laserzündkerze
DE102013213714A1 (de) 2013-07-12 2015-01-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Laserzündkerze
DE102013221553A1 (de) 2013-10-23 2015-04-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündsystem

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US4191931A (en) * 1978-02-06 1980-03-04 Sanders Associates, Inc. Cooled laser q-switch
US4434753A (en) * 1981-05-18 1984-03-06 Nippon Soken, Inc. Ignition apparatus for internal combustion engine
JPS57200672A (en) * 1981-06-02 1982-12-08 Nippon Soken Inc Laser igniting apparatus for internal-combustion engine
DD261289A3 (de) * 1986-11-11 1988-10-26 Freiberg Brennstoffinst Einrichtung zur kombinierten zuendung und ueberwachung von brennern
US5521936A (en) * 1995-02-01 1996-05-28 Paradigm Lasers, Inc. Radial laser diode array
JP2000082860A (ja) * 1998-09-04 2000-03-21 Toshiba Corp 固体レーザ装置
EP1278278A1 (fr) * 2001-07-18 2003-01-22 Nanyang Technological University Laser à l'état solide pompé par diodes

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Publication number Publication date
EP1519038A1 (fr) 2005-03-30
ATE337486T1 (de) 2006-09-15
DE50304768D1 (de) 2006-10-05

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