EP1510529B1 - Préparation de dispersions aqueuses multimodales au moyen de stabilisants polymères et leur usage. - Google Patents

Préparation de dispersions aqueuses multimodales au moyen de stabilisants polymères et leur usage. Download PDF

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EP1510529B1
EP1510529B1 EP04016831A EP04016831A EP1510529B1 EP 1510529 B1 EP1510529 B1 EP 1510529B1 EP 04016831 A EP04016831 A EP 04016831A EP 04016831 A EP04016831 A EP 04016831A EP 1510529 B1 EP1510529 B1 EP 1510529B1
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polyvinyl alcohol
water
weight
vinyl
polymer
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EP1510529A1 (fr
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Harmin Dr. Müller
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Celanese Sales Germany GmbH
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Celanese Emulsions GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
    • C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
    • C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
    • C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents

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  • the invention relates to a process for preparing multimodal aqueous polymer dispersions by using polymeric stabilizers and corresponding comonomers in a very simple polymerization process which allows safe operation.
  • Multimodal polymer dispersions are employed in a variety of applications. Deserving of particular emphasis is the field of water-based adhesives, where the requirement is for high solids contents and optimum rheological properties. High solids contents result, for example, in rapid drying and setting of the bond site and hence in the attainment of high strength after a very short time. Optimum rheological properties are important, for example, in the area of machine-applied packaging adhesives. Monomodal dispersions with a high solids fraction become highly viscous or dilatant, owing to the maximum packing density. Bimodal dispersions do not have that drawback.
  • bimodal dispersions dispersions whose particles differ in size but have at least two distinctly separate maxima in their size distribution. At a given solids content they have a lower viscosity and exhibit a better rheology.
  • Polymer dispersions are frequently prepared by emulsion polymerization. This normally produces a suspension containing particles of one size (monodisperse particles). Depending on the way in which the polymerization is performed the size of these particles has a distribution which may be broader or narrower.
  • the solids content in such systems is determined by the maximum packing density of spheres. Accordingly, for example, cubic or hexagonal close packing of hard spheres has a packing density figure of 74% by volume. This means that, in theory, a high solids content of monodisperse spheres with a volume fraction of greater than or equal to 74% by volume is not possible and that the viscosity would then increase to infinity.
  • the open time is a measure of the processing time which is possible while the adhesive has not yet set and the workpieces can still be displaced relative to one another. This time ought to be sufficiency long. In contrast, the bond ought to be very secure after only a very short time, which is reflected in rapid setting behavior. Both are critically controlled by the solids content and/or volume fraction and by the particle size distribution. Achieving a high solids content, in order to obtain optimum setting behavior, with a very low viscosity, in order to ensure machine runability, for example, can only be done by means of a multimodal particle size distribution.
  • This problem can be circumvented by preparing the bimodal dispersion in situ, with the aid of the seed process, for example.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • a seed latex is introduced as an initial charge.
  • the subsequent emulsion polymerization in the presence of PVA produces a second population of particles and hence a bimodal dispersion. With greater molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, more new particles of the second population are formed. In that case, however, the polyvinyl alcohol was dissolved at 20°C.
  • DE-A-4,213,696 and DE-A-3,147,008 describe the preparation of bimodal dispersions by using a blend as seed. Two dispersions having different particle sizes are mixed and used as a seed for an emulsion polymerization. As with the seed process already mentioned above, in both cases the seed must be prepared beforehand, which implies increased cost and inconvenience.
  • DD-A-209,837 discloses a process where the polymerization is initiated continuously in two or more reaction vessels connected in parallel upstream of the polymerization vessel(s) until the particle formation phase is concluded.
  • a drawback with this process is the large number of reaction vessels.
  • US-A-4,254,004 discloses the production of bimodal particle size distributions by means of a two-stage process, where the rate of monomer metering has to be altered during the process.
  • EP-A-818,471 describes the production of bimodal particle size distributions through the use of a miniemulsion seed.
  • Another object of the present invention was to find a process which is easy to carry out using conventional polymerization apparatus and leads to bimodal or multimodal polymer dispersions having high solids contents.
  • the present invention relates to a process for preparing aqueous polymer dispersions having an at least bimodal particle size distribution by emulsion-polymerizing at least two ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol, comprising
  • the process of the invention constitutes an emulsion polymerization where the monomer is metered in continuously or discontinuously.
  • bimodality or multimodality is meant for the purposes of this description a particle size distribution having two or more than two, respectively, distinctly pronounced maxima (as measured with the Malvern Mastersizer Micro Plus and evaluated using the "Mie polydisperse” model). Characteristic of the process of the invention is the initial introduction of a combination of selected stabilizers and selected comonomers followed by the addition of the remaining monomer(s).
  • a stabilizer mixture use is made of different water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers, preferably polyvinyl alcohols and/or modifications thereof. They differ primarily in their molecular weight.
  • Polymeric stabilizers are water-soluble or water-dispersible, polymeric substances of nature, such as starch; water-soluble or water-dispersible, polymeric, modified substances of nature, such as cellulose ethers, e.g., methyl-, ethyl-, hydroxyethyl- or carboxymethylcellulose, or starch modified using saturated acids or epoxides; water-soluble or water-dispersible, polymeric, synthetic substances, such as polyethylene oxides and copolymers thereof, such as polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol (with or without a residual acetyl content), polyvinyl alcohol which is partly esterified or acetalized or etherified with saturated radicals, and polypeptides, such as gelatin, and also polyvinylpyrrolidone and its copolymers, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylmethylacetamide or poly(meth)acrylic acid.
  • Polymeric stabilizers are cellulose ethers, polyethylene oxides, modified starches and, in particular, polyvinyl alcohols and/or modifications thereof.
  • polymeric stabilizers employed in step a) and step b) differ only in their molecular weights or differ both in their molecular weights and in their chemical composition. These polymeric stabilizers are already present in the initial charge, as a result of steps a) and b), and may also be added during the polymerization. Further amounts thereof may additionally be added after the polymerization as well.
  • the polymeric stabilizers employed in steps a) and b) must be soluble or dispersible in water at 20°C, where appropriate after temperature treatment beforehand.
  • the molecular weights are meant for the purposes of this description, unless specified otherwise, weight averages (g/mol).
  • the molecular weights are determined by means of aqueous gel permeation chromatography (GPC) on a SunChrom apparatus. The sample concentration is 3.5 mg/ml with an injection volume of 100 ⁇ l. The samples are filtered over Teflon (1 ⁇ m). Detection is by means of an RI detector (35°C). Elution is with 80:20 water/acetone (0.05% by weight Na nitrate). Columns used are the models Suprema 100, 1000 and 3000 from PSS. The column temperature is 45°C. The standard used is polyethylene oxide.
  • the molecular weight of the polymer used in step a) is at least 1.5 times, preferably at least 2 times, in particular from 3 to 10 times that of the polymer used in step b).
  • the molecular weight of the component used in step a) is preferably in the range from 30 000 to 300 000 g/mol.
  • the molecular weight of the polymer used in step b) is at least 10 000, preferably at least 15 000 g/mol.
  • the parameter stated with preference, rather than the molecular weight, is the viscosity of a 4% strength aqueous solution at 25°C (measured using the Höppler viscometer).
  • step a) it is preferred to use a polyvinyl alcohol whose viscosity in 4% strength aqueous solution at 25°C is less than or equal to 60 mPa*s.
  • step b) it is preferred to use a polyvinyl alcohol whose viscosity in 4% strength aqueous solution at 25°C is at least 4 mPa*s and whose molecular weight is at least 1.5 times below the corresponding figure for the component used in step a).
  • Polyvinyl alcohol is generally prepared by hydrolyzing polyvinyl acetate. Suitable polyvinyl alcohol preferably possesses a degree of hydrolysis of from 50 to 100 mol%, more preferably from 70 to 100 mol%, and its aqueous solution possesses a viscosity at 25°C of from 2 to 70 mPa*s.
  • polyvinyl alcohols having a degree of hydrolysis of from 80 to 99 mol%, more preferably from 87 to 99 mol%, and having a viscosity of the 4% strength aqueous solution at 25°C of from 3 to 50 mPa*s, preferably from 3 to 40 mPa*s.
  • polyvinyl alcohols may have been hydrophilically or hydrophobically modified in any way whatsoever.
  • hydrophobically modified polyvinyl alcohols which do not contain water-soluble monomer units in their main chain, are ethylene-containing polyvinyl alcohols of the Exceval® type from KSE. It is also possible, though, for other comonomers to be present in the polyvinyl alcohol. The distribution of comonomers in the polyvinyl alcohol may be blockwise and/or random.
  • polyvinyl alcohol by means of any desired side-chain reactions, preference being given to modification of the alcohol groups.
  • the alcohol groups of the polyvinyl alcohol can be subjected to partial acetalization, allowing the polyvinyl alcohols to be furnished with any desired radicals, which may be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic, in particular with C 1-12 alkyl radicals, very particular preference being given to polyvinyl alcohols modified with butyl radicals, as described in DE-A-196 50 831 .
  • the acetalized hydroxyl groups are preferably radicals having the following structure: where R 1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl and R 2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl.
  • Alkyl stands for straight-chain or branched alkyl groups which have preferably 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 8, carbon atoms.
  • alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl and n-hexyl.
  • Aryl is preferably phenyl or naphthyl. If the aryl radical is a phenyl group and is substituted, it preferably has two substituents. These substituents are present in particular in positions 2 and/or 4.
  • Aralkyl is preferably benzyl.
  • Cycloalkyl is in particular C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, particular preference being given to cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
  • R 1 and R 2 may also together form a cycloalkyl radical.
  • the modified radicals can be arranged blockwise or at random.
  • radicals in question are preferably those having the following structure: where R 1 is as defined above.
  • the distribution of the hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic groups can be arbitrary and makes it possible, among other things, to control the particle size distribution.
  • modified groups may be present alongside one another (in blockwise distribution) or they may be distributed at random.
  • the grafting reaction may lead to complete conversion of the hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl alcohol or else only to partial conversion.
  • mixtures of polymeric stabilizers used in accordance with the invention are dissolved preferably at the beginning of the polymerization (normally in water) and introduced as an initial charge for two to three hours at at least 85°C, preferably at least 90°C, and prior to the polymerization.
  • the weight ratios of the higher and lower molecular weight stabilizers, in particular the polyvinyl alcohols (i.e., components a and b), can be between 1:99 and 99:1.
  • components a) and b) in weight ratios of between 10:90 and 90:10, more preferably between 20:80 and 80:20.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol used in step b) in a 4% strength aqueous solution has a Höppler viscosity of at least 3.5 mPa*s, more preferably from 4 to 10 mPa*s, very preferably from 4 to 8 mPa*s;
  • the polyvinyl alcohol used in step a) in a 4% strength aqueous solution has a Höppler viscosity of at least 7.5 mPa*s, more preferably from 8 to 50 mPa*s and very preferably from 8 to 40 mPa*s; and the molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol used in step a) is at least 1.5 times that of the polyvinyl alcohol used in step b).
  • the total amount of the polymeric stabilizers used is typically from 1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 3 to 11 % by weight and more preferably from 4 to 11 % by weight, based on the total weight of all the monomers used for preparing the polymer dispersion.
  • further stabilizers in addition to the polymeric stabilizers employed in accordance with the invention, such as low molecular weight emulsifiers, based for example on sulfates, sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids or polyethylene oxide or copolymers thereof, or further polymeric stabilizers having molecular weights deviating from those of components a) and b), such as cellulose ethers, polyethylene oxides, starch derivatives or additional polyvinyl alcohols.
  • further stabilizers may be present even in the initial charge, together with components a), b) and c), or may be added during the polymerization.
  • Suitable ionic comonomers are ⁇ ,ß-monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and their water-soluble salts; further suitable ionic comonomers are phosphoric or phosphonic esters with ethylenically unsaturated groups, such as vinyl phosphonate or methacryloylethyl phosphate, for example.
  • the ionic comonomers of component c) are initially introduced in amounts between 0.01 to 2% by weight.
  • the process of the invention is suitable for preparing bimodal or multimodal aqueous polymer dispersions by free-radical emulsion polymerization of monomers containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group.
  • Monomers containing at least one monoethylenically unsaturated group that are suitable for the process of the invention include the free-radically polymerizable monomers which are known per se.
  • aromatic or aliphatic, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated, optionally halogen-substituted hydrocarbons such as ethene, propene, 1-butene, 2-butene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene and o-chlorostyrene, preference being given to ethene; and/or esters of vinyl alcohol with monocarboxylic acids having one to eighteen carbon atoms, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl n-butyrate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate and Versatic acid vinyl esters; and/or esters of ⁇ , ⁇ -monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids having preferably three to six carbon atoms, such as especially acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid and itaconic acid, with alkanols having generally one to twelve, preferably one to
  • the stated monomers generally constitute the principal monomers, which, based on the total amount of the monomers to be polymerized by the process of free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization, normally account for a fraction of more than 45% by weight.
  • Such monomers are normally copolymerized merely as modifying monomers, in amounts, based on the total amount of the monomers to be polymerized, of less than 50% by weight, generally from 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 1 to 10% by weight.
  • Monomers which customarily enhance the internal strength of films formed from the aqueous polymer dispersions normally contain at least one epoxy, hydroxyl, N-methylol or carbonyl group, or at least two nonconjugated ethylenically unsaturated double bonds.
  • N-alkylol amides of ⁇ , ⁇ -monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids containing three to ten carbon atoms among which very particular preference is given to N-methylolacrylamide and N-methylolmethacrylamide, and also esters thereof with alkanols containing one to four carbon atoms.
  • monomers containing two vinyl radicals monomers containing two vinylidene radicals and monomers containing two alkenyl radicals.
  • diesters of dihydric alcohols with ⁇ , ⁇ -monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids preferably acrylic and methacrylic acid.
  • Examples of monomers of this kind containing two nonconjugated ethylenically unsaturated double bonds are alkylene glycol diacrylates and dimethacrylates, such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,2-propylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-propylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butylene glycol diacrylates and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,2-propylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-propylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate and 1,4-butylene glycol dimethacrylates, and also divinylbenzene, vinyl methacrylate, vinyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, allyl acrylate, diallyl maleate, diallyl fumarate, methylenebisacrylamide, cyclopentadienyl acrylate or triallyl cyanurate.
  • C 1 -C 9 hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid such as n-hydroxyethyl, n-hydroxypropyl or n-hydroxybutyl acrylate and methacrylate, and also compounds such as diacetone acrylamide and acetylacetoxyethyl acrylate and methacrylate.
  • Examples of such are vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, vinylmethyldiethoxysilane, vinylmethyldi-n-propoxysilane, vinylmethyldiisopropoxysilane, vinylmethyldi-n-butoxysilane, vinylmethyldi-sec-butoxysilane, vinylmethyldi-tert-butoxysilane, vinylmethyldi(2-methoxyisopropyloxy)silane and vinylmethyldioctyloxysilane.
  • the aforementioned monomers are copolymerized mostly in amounts of from 0.2 to 10% by weight in the case of free-radical heterophase polymerization, preferably in the case of free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization, based on the total amount of the monomers to be polymerized.
  • the monomers are added by means of continuous feed; it is, however, also possible to include a fraction of the monomers, up to 25% by weight, for example, in the initial charge.
  • the polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers in accordance with the invention takes place in the presence of at least one initiator for the free-radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
  • Suitable initiators for the free-radical polymerization, for initiating and continuing the polymerization during the preparation of the dispersions include all known initiators which are capable of initiating a free-radical aqueous polymerization in heterophase systems.
  • These initiators may be peroxides, such as alkali metal and/or ammonium peroxodisulfates, for example, or azo compounds, especially water-soluble azo compounds.
  • polymerization initiators it is also possible to use what are known as redox initiators.
  • redox initiators examples thereof are tert-butyl hydroperoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide in combination with reducing agents, such as with sulfur compounds, e.g., with the sodium salt of hydroxymethanesulfinic acid, sodium sulfite, sodium disulfite, sodium thiosulfate and acetone-bisulfite adduct, or with ascorbic acid or with reducing sugars.
  • the amount of the initiators or initiator combinations used in the process of the invention is within the range of what is customary for aqueous polymerizations in heterophase systems. In general the amount of initiator used will not exceed 5% by weight, based on the total amount of the monomers to be polymerized.
  • the amount of initiators used based on the total amount of the monomers to be polymerized, is from 0.05 to 2.0% by weight.
  • the total amount of initiator can be introduced right at the beginning of the polymerization or, preferably, a fraction of the initiator is introduced at the beginning and the remainder is added in one or more steps, or continuously, after the polymerization has been initiated. Addition may take place separately or together with other components, such as emulsifiers.
  • the molecular weight of the polymers of the aqueous dispersions can be adjusted by adding small amounts of one or more substances which regulate the molecular weight.
  • These "regulators”, as they are known, are used generally in an amount of up to 2% by weight, based on the monomers to be polymerized. Any of the substances known to the skilled worker can be used as regulators. Preference is given, for example, to organic thio compounds, silanes, allyl alcohols and aldehydes.
  • the aqueous dispersion may further comprise a number of other substances, such as plasticizers, preservatives, pH modifiers and/or defoamers, for example.
  • the polymerization temperature is generally from 20 to 150 and preferably from 60 to 120°C.
  • the polymerization takes place under superatmospheric pressure if desired.
  • anionic emulsifiers or nonionic dispersants in an amount in particular of from 0.05 to 4% by weight of the total monomer amount in addition to the polyvinyl alcohol.
  • aqueous polymer dispersion from odoriferous substances, such as residual monomers and other volatile organic constituents, for example.
  • This can be done in a conventional manner physically, for example by distillative removal (in particular by steam distillation) or by stripping with an inert gas.
  • the reduction in the amount of residual monomers can also be accomplished chemically by means of free-radical postpolymerization, in particular under the action of redox initiator systems, as are described in DE-A-4,435,423 , for example.
  • Preference is given to postpolymerization with a redox initiator system composed of at least one organic peroxide and also an organic and/or inorganic sulfite and/or sulfinic acid derivatives.
  • the monomer components can be included in the initial charge or judiciously metered in during the polymerization at a uniform rate or in metering profiles.
  • the very simple regime is deserving of particular emphasis. There is no need either for a seed or for the use of complex apparatus or combinations thereof.
  • the process is a simple monomer metering process.
  • the polymerization of the invention is normally conducted at a pH in the region of less than/equal to 9.
  • buffer systems such as sodium acetate, for example.
  • a pH range of from 2 to 9 is favorable, preference being given to a pH in the range between 3 and 8.
  • the solids content of the dispersions prepared in accordance with the invention is typically between 45 and 74% by weight, preferably between 49 and 70% and more preferably between 50 and 70%.
  • the weight figures refer in this case to the overall mass of the dispersion.
  • the bimodal or multimodal dispersions prepared in accordance with the invention are especially suitable for preparing coating materials (such as paints or food coatings), adhesives (for bonding wood, paper and/or polymer films) and chemical products for the construction industry, and also for finishing textiles and paper.
  • coating materials such as paints or food coatings
  • adhesives for bonding wood, paper and/or polymer films
  • chemical products for the construction industry, and also for finishing textiles and paper.
  • the invention further provides for the use of these dispersions for such purposes.
  • the dispersions prepared in accordance with the invention may likewise be converted advantageously by spray drying into powders which are used in chemical products for the construction industry and in adhesives.
  • the number quoted in first position in the type designation of the polyvinyl alcohols used characterizes the viscosity of the 4% strength aqueous solution at 20°C, as a relative measure of the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol; the second number indicates the degree of hydrolysis (degree of saponification) of the polyvinyl acetate on which the type is based (partly hydrolyzed and fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol types).
  • the data are subject to the customary fluctuations advised by the manufacturer; that is, the viscosity may have a fluctuation of ⁇ 0.5 mPa*s, the degree of hydrolysis a fluctuation of ⁇ 1 mol%.
  • the particle size distribution measurement was conducted using the Mastersizer Micro Plus laser diffraction instrument from Malvern.
  • the scatter data were evaluated using the "polydisperse Mie” or “multimodal Mie” model provided by Malvern.
  • the setting behavior was tested using beech sections (15.5 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 0.3 cm) which had been stored under standard conditions beforehand (23°C, 50% relative humidity). An area of 15 mm ⁇ 20 mm was coated on one side with dispersion at 150 g/m 2 .
  • a second test section was placed on the coated film and the two sections were compressed at 0.7 N/mm 2 .
  • the press time was 2.5 min and 5 min in each case.
  • the force to fracture was determined on 10 test specimens.
  • the mean value based on a defined area (in N/mm 2 ) corresponds to the setting behavior after 2.5 and 5 min respectively.
  • Polymerization was initiated by adding 0.05 part by weight of ammonium peroxodisulfate at 65°C. After the beginning of polymerization the remainder of the principal monomer and an aqueous solution of 0.02 part by weight of ammonium peroxodisulfate and 6 parts by weight of water were metered in over the course of 5 hours. Polymerization was carried out with stirring using a close-clearance anchor stirrer at between 70 and 85°C.
  • the liquor consisted of 100 parts by weight (based on the principal monomer amount) of deionized water, 3.5 parts by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol 26-88, 6.5 parts by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol 4-88, 0.1 part by weight of sodium acetate, 0.5 part by weight of methacrylic acid and 10 parts by weight of the principal monomer, vinyl acetate.
  • Polymerization was initiated by adding 0.05 part by weight of ammonium peroxodisulfate at 65°C. After the beginning of polymerization the remainder of the vinyl acetate and an aqueous solution of 0.02 part by weight of ammonium peroxodisulfate and 6 parts by weight of water were metered in over the course of 5 hours. Polymerization was carried out with stirring using a close-clearance anchor stirrer at between 70 and 85°C.
  • Example 8 (inventive, butyraldehyde-modified polyvinyl alcohol)
  • Comparative example C2 (only one polyvinyl alcohol (high molecular weight), monomodal)
  • Figure 1 (1a and 1b) shows a bimodal particle size distribution obtained by the process of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows different particle size distributions prepared by varying the proportions in the polyvinyl alcohol, with different proportions of small and larger particles.
  • Figures 3 to 8 show the particle size distributions of different dispersions prepared by the inventive process or by comparative processes.
  • Figure 1a depicts the particle morphology of the inventively prepared bimodal dispersion of example 3a, viewed in differential interference contrast light microscopy.
  • Figure 1b shows the particle size distribution of this bimodal dispersion. Measurement was made using the Mastersizer Micro Plus (polydisperse Mie evaluation).
  • an inventively prepared bimodal dispersion (of example 3a) is compared with a comparative dispersion (comparative example C1) prepared without ionic comonomer. Measurement was carried out with the Malvern Mastersizer Micro Plus, evaluated using the "polydisperse Mie" model.
  • an inventively prepared bimodal dispersion (of example 3a) is compared with a comparative dispersion (comparative example C2) prepared without low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol (polyvinyl alcohol 4-88). Measurement was carried out with the Malvern Mastersizer Micro Plus, evaluated using the "polydisperse Mie" model.
  • inventively prepared bimodal dispersions (of example 7 with a different carboxylic acid as ionic comonomer (acrylic acid)) are shown. Measurement was carried out with the Malvern Mastersizer Micro Plus, evaluated using the "polydisperse Mie" model.
  • FIG 7 an inventively prepared bimodal dispersion of example 8 with a butyraldehyde-modified polyvinyl alcohol is shown. Measurement was carried out with the Malvern Mastersizer Micro Plus, evaluated using the "polydisperse Mie” model.
  • FIG 8 an inventively prepared bimodal dispersion of example 8 with a hydrophobically modified polyvinyl alcohol of the Exceval® type is shown. Measurement was carried out with the Malvern Mastersizer Micro Plus, evaluated using the "polydisperse Mie” model.
  • Table 1 below shows the viscosities of the inventively prepared bimodal dispersions in comparison with the monodisperse dispersion.
  • Table 1 shows that the viscosity of the dispersion of the invention is lower by a factor of approximately 3 than that of the corresponding monomodal comparative dispersion. This corresponds to the expected effect in terms of improved packing in the case of a bimodal dispersion.
  • Table 2 shows the setting behavior of three different dispersions having different solids contents and particle size distributions, with a comparable viscosity and composition.
  • Table 2 Dispersion Example C3 comparative monomodal Example 1b inventive bimodal Example 2b inventive bimodal Solids content in % 50 50 60 Setting behavior after 2.5 min in N/mm 2 1.9 2.8 3.2 Setting behavior after 5 min in N/mm 2 3.2 4.5 5.0
  • Table 2 shows the setting behavior of three different dispersions.
  • Dispersion C3 is a monomodal 50% comparative dispersion.
  • Example 1b shows that with the same solids content a monomodal system prepared inventively possesses a distinctly improved setting behavior. An even better setting behavior is observed for a bimodal 60% dispersion prepared inventively, which can be prepared only by means of the process of the invention: otherwise the viscosities attained are too high and are impossible to handle (cf. C1 in Tab. 1).

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Claims (20)

  1. Procédé de préparation de dispersions aqueuses de polymères présentant une répartition granulométrique au moins bimodale par polymérisation en émulsion d'au moins deux monomères insaturés en éthylène en présence d'un alcool de polyvinyle, comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    a) introduire initialement 0,1 à 12 % en poids, sur la base du poids total de tous les monomères utilisés pour préparer la dispersion de polymères, d'un polymère soluble dans l'eau au niveau moléculaire ou par dispersion, sélectionné dans le groupe composé d'éthers de cellulose, d'oxydes de polyéthylène, d'amidons modifiés, d'alcools de polyvinyle, d'alcools de polyvinyle modifiés et de leurs mélanges, dont le poids moléculaire est au moins 1,5 fois le poids moléculaire du polymère du composant b),
    b) introduire initialement 0,1 à 12 % en poids, sur la base du poids total de tous les monomères utilisés pour préparer la dispersion de polymères, d'un autre polymère soluble dans l'eau au niveau moléculaire ou par dispersion, sélectionné dans le groupe composé d'éthers de cellulose, d'oxydes de polyéthylène, d'amidons modifiés, d'alcools de polyvinyle, d'alcools de polyvinyle modifiés et de mélanges de ceux-ci, ledit polymère ayant un poids moléculaire au moins égal à 10 000 g/mol, tel que déterminé au moyen d'une chromatographie aqueuse par perméation du gel,
    c) introduire initialement 0,01 à 2 % en poids, sur la base du poids total de tous les monomères utilisés pour préparer la dispersion de polymères, d'au moins un comonomère ionique qui est un composé α,β-insaturé en monoéthylène contenant au moins un groupe dérivé d'un acide faible sélectionné dans le groupe des acides monocarboxyliques et dicarboxyliques α,β-insaturés en monoéthylène et des esters phosphoriques ou phosphoniques ayant des groupes insaturés en éthylène, et
    d) ajouter au mélange comprenant les composants a), b) et c) au moins un monomère insaturé en éthylène polymérisable par polymérisation radicalaire et un initiateur de polymérisation en émulsion.
  2. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel le polymère soluble dans l'eau au niveau moléculaire ou par dispersion utilisé dans l'étape a) et dans l'étape b) est dans chaque cas un alcool de polyvinyle et/ou un alcool de polyvinyle à chaîne principale modifiée ou à chaîne latérale modifiée.
  3. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 2, dans lequel l'alcool de polyvinyle utilisé dans l'étape b) dans une solution aqueuse de force 4 % a une viscosité de Hoppler au moins égale à 3,5 mPa.s ; dans lequel l'alcool de polyvinyle utilisé dans l'étape a) dans une solution aqueuse de force 4 % a une viscosité de Hoppler au moins égale à 7,5 mPa.s ; et le poids moléculaire de l'alcool de polyvinyle utilisé dans l'étape a) est au moins 1,5 fois le poids moléculaire de l'alcool de polyvinyle utilisé dans l'étape b).
  4. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 3, dans lequel l'alcool de polyvinyle utilisé dans l'étape b) dans une solution aqueuse de force 4 % a une viscosité de Hoppler comprise entre 4 et 10 mPa.s ; et dans lequel l'alcool de polyvinyle utilisé dans l'étape a) dans une solution aqueuse de force 4 % a une viscosité de Hoppler comprise entre 8 et 50 mPa.s.
  5. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 4, dans lequel l'alcool de polyvinyle utilisé dans l'étape b) dans une solution aqueuse de force 4 % a une viscosité de Hoppler comprise entre 4 et 8 mPa.s ; et dans lequel l'alcool de polyvinyle utilisé dans l'étape a) dans une solution aqueuse de force 4 % a une viscosité de Hoppler comprise entre 8 et 40 mPa.s.
  6. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel le polymère de l'étape a) soluble dans l'eau au niveau moléculaire ou par dispersion possède un poids moléculaire supérieur à 50 000 g/mol, tel que déterminé au moyen d'une chromatographie aqueuse par perméation du gel, et dans lequel le polymère de l'étape b) soluble dans l'eau au niveau moléculaire ou par dispersion possède un poids moléculaire inférieur à 50 000 g/mol, tel que déterminé au moyen d'une chromatographie aqueuse par perméation du gel.
  7. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel les polymères solubles dans l'eau ou dispersibles dans l'eau utilisés dans les étapes a) et b) sont des alcools de polyvinyle possédant chacun un degré molaire d'hydrolyse au moins égal à 80 %.
  8. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 7, dans lequel les polymères solubles dans l'eau ou dispersibles dans l'eau utilisés dans les étapes a) et b) sont des alcools de polyvinyle possédant chacun un degré molaire d'hydrolyse supérieur ou égal à 85 %.
  9. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 8, dans lequel les polymères solubles dans l'eau ou dispersibles dans l'eau utilisés dans les étapes a) et b) sont des alcools de polyvinyle possédant chacun un degré molaire d'hydrolyse supérieur ou égal à 87 %.
  10. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel on utilise des alcools de polyvinyle modifiés par toute réaction souhaitée sur la chaîne latérale.
  11. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 10, dans lequel on utilise des alcools de polyvinyle modifiés sur les groupes alcool.
  12. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 7, dans lequel on utilise des alcools de polyvinyle modifiés par acétalisation partielle des groupes alcool avec des radicaux alkyle en C1-12.
  13. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel on utilise dans l'étape d) en tant que monomères insaturés en éthylène polymérisables par polymérisation radicalaire des esters d'alcool de vinyle et des acides monocarboxyliques contenant 1 à 18 atomes de carbone et/ou des hydrocarbures aromatiques ou aliphatiques α,β-insaturés et/ou des hydrocarbures aromatiques ou aliphatiques α,β-insaturés substitués par un halogène et/ou des esters d'acides monocarboxyliques ou dicarboxyliques α,β-insaturés en monoéthylène dont les alcanols ont un à douze atomes de carbone, et/ou des nitriles d'acides carboxyliques α,β-insaturés en monoéthylène et/ou des diènes conjugués ayant quatre à huit atomes de carbone.
  14. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 13, dans lequel on utilise dans l'étape d) en tant que monomères insaturés en éthylène polymérisables par polymérisation radicalaire de l'acétate de vinyle, du propionate de vinyle, du n-butyrate de vinyle, du laurate de vinyle, du stéarate de vinyle et des vinylesters d'acide versatique, et/ou de l'éthène, du propène, du 1-butène, du 2-butène, du chlorure de vinyle, du chlorure de vinylidène, du styrène, de l'α-méthylstyrène et/ou du o-chlorostyrène.
  15. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 13, dans lequel on utilise dans l'étape d) en tant que monomères insaturés en éthylène polymérisables par polymérisation radicalaire de l'acétate de vinyle et de l'éthène et/ou des vinylesters d'acide versatique.
  16. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 13, dans lequel on utilise dans l'étape d) en tant que monomères insaturés en éthylène polymérisables par polymérisation radicalaire de l'acétate de vinyle.
  17. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel le comonomère ionique de l'étape c) porte au moins un groupe acide carboxylique.
  18. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 17, dans lequel le comonomère ionique de l'étape c) est de l'acide acrylique et/ou de l'acide méthacrylique.
  19. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel le pH du milieu de polymérisation est compris entre 1 et 12.
  20. Utilisation d'une dispersion polymère pouvant être obtenue par le procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1 pour la préparation d'adhésifs pour bois, papier ou matériau polymère, pour la préparation de matériaux de revêtement, en particulier de peintures ou d'enrobages alimentaires, pour la production de produits en poudre ou de produits chimiques destinés à l'industrie de la construction ou pour l'apprêtage du textile ou du papier.
EP04016831A 2003-08-13 2004-07-16 Préparation de dispersions aqueuses multimodales au moyen de stabilisants polymères et leur usage. Expired - Lifetime EP1510529B1 (fr)

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DE10337183A DE10337183B4 (de) 2003-08-13 2003-08-13 Verfahren zur Herstellung von mehrmodalen Polymerdispersionen durch Einsatz von polymeren Stabilisatoren und deren Verwendung
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DE102006037317A1 (de) 2006-08-08 2008-02-14 Celanese Emulsions Gmbh Vinylestercopolymer-Dispersionen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Verwendung
DE102006037318A1 (de) 2006-08-08 2008-02-14 Celanese Emulsions Gmbh Verfahren zur Applikation eines Dispersionsklebstoffes mittels Düsenauftrag und Verwendung von Dispersionsklebstoffen
CN104302829B (zh) * 2011-12-20 2016-10-26 塞拉尼斯销售德国有限公司 由醋酸乙烯酯/乙烯共聚物分散体形成的稳定性改善的地毯涂料组合物
DE102012205455A1 (de) 2012-04-03 2013-10-10 Wacker Chemie Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylesterpolymeren mit gezielt einstellbarer Dispersität bei geringer Polydispersität
EP2890723A1 (fr) * 2012-08-31 2015-07-08 Celanese Emulsions GmbH Dispersions de polymère ayant une distribution multimodale de la taille des particules
DE102014223093A1 (de) 2014-11-12 2016-05-12 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Mittel und Verfahren zur Färbung keratinhaltiger Fasern
DE102014223092A1 (de) * 2014-11-12 2016-05-12 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Mittel und Verfahren zur Aufhellung keratinhaltiger Fasern
DE102016219863A1 (de) 2016-10-12 2018-04-12 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Mittel und Verfahren zur Aufhellung keratinhaltiger Fasern
EP3538563B1 (fr) 2016-11-08 2021-07-07 DDP Specialty Electronic Materials US, LLC Distribution régulée de grosseurs de particules

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US4254004A (en) * 1979-05-09 1981-03-03 Scm Corporation Emulsion process for polymer particles
DE3036969A1 (de) 1980-10-01 1982-05-13 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Schutzkolloidfreie kunststoffdispersionen mit bimodaler partikelgroessenverteilung
DE3147008A1 (de) * 1981-11-27 1983-06-01 Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt Verfahren zur herstellung von waessrigen, hochkonzentrierten bimodalen kunststoffdispersionen
US4459726A (en) 1981-12-21 1984-07-17 Usm Corporation Temperature control for shell type rolls
DE3227090A1 (de) * 1982-07-20 1984-01-26 Wacker-Chemie GmbH, 8000 München Verfahren zur herstellung von polymerdispersionen und ihre verwendung
DE3902536A1 (de) * 1989-01-28 1990-08-16 Akzo Gmbh Sterisch stabilisierte waessrige polymer-dispersionen
DE4213969A1 (de) 1992-04-29 1993-11-04 Basf Ag Waessrige polymerisatdispersion
WO1996037551A1 (fr) * 1995-05-26 1996-11-28 Siew Puat Yeo Composition polymere a deux elements
DE19628142A1 (de) * 1996-07-12 1998-01-15 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von wäßrigen Polymerdispersionen mit bimodaler Teilchengrößenverteilung
DE10126560C1 (de) * 2001-05-31 2002-09-12 Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh Verwendung von Mischpolymerisaten von Vinylester-, (Meth)acrylsäureester- und gegebenenfalls Ethylen-Comonomeren in Baustoffen

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DE10337183A1 (de) 2005-03-17
HK1070665A1 (en) 2005-06-24
CN1303116C (zh) 2007-03-07
US7358297B2 (en) 2008-04-15
CA2476106A1 (fr) 2005-02-13
EP1510529A1 (fr) 2005-03-02
US20050043463A1 (en) 2005-02-24
CN1594376A (zh) 2005-03-16
DE10337183B4 (de) 2009-08-06

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