EP1498739A1 - Stromsensor mit einem einen Luftspalt aufweisenden Magnetkern und damit ausgerüstete Energieversorgungsschaltung - Google Patents
Stromsensor mit einem einen Luftspalt aufweisenden Magnetkern und damit ausgerüstete Energieversorgungsschaltung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1498739A1 EP1498739A1 EP03015934A EP03015934A EP1498739A1 EP 1498739 A1 EP1498739 A1 EP 1498739A1 EP 03015934 A EP03015934 A EP 03015934A EP 03015934 A EP03015934 A EP 03015934A EP 1498739 A1 EP1498739 A1 EP 1498739A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- turns
- sensor
- circuit
- gap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
- G01R15/207—Constructional details independent of the type of device used
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an open-loop current sensor, in particular a current sensor for the measurement of current in circuits power supply or supply of electric motors and a circuit power supply equipped with such sensors.
- the power supply current of the motor 105 is generated by semiconductor switches 103 switched at high frequency.
- the current I (t) actually generated typically has a frequency of a few tens of kHz, whereas the fundamental frequency I f of the supply current, having a generally sinusoidal shape represented by the envelope of the current I (t), is relatively low, for example of the order of a few hundred Hz, as shown in Figure 2a.
- the technological advances made in the design of power semiconductors enable the switches 103 to have extremely high switching speeds, the potential variation speed dv / dt being, for example, of the order of 10 to 20 kV / ⁇ s, such as illustrated in Figure 2b.
- coaxial cables 104 are used for the supply of the motor 105. Since these cables are highly capacitive, and taking into account the applied dv / dt, high frequency currents (HF) are generated in the form of damped oscillations at each switching. The amplitude and the frequency of these currents are of the same order of magnitude whatever the power of the drive. In fact, they depend practically only on the characteristics of the coaxial cables used and the amplitude of the applied dv / dt. The amplitude of these currents can reach several tens of amperes and their frequencies range from 100 kHz to 1 MHz.
- the current sensors 101 are generally placed on lines 102a, 102b, 102c for supplying the motor 105. Although these RF currents are not to be measured, they nevertheless pass through the current sensors. In the small and medium power drives 106, the amplitude of these parasitic currents can be much higher than those of the currents required for the control of the motor.
- FIG. 2c shows, on an oscilloscope screen, the high frequency voltage U (t) and the current I (t) due to the commutations and the capacitive loads on a phase of a 5.5kW motor powered by a supply circuit switched at 16kHz.
- the amplitude of the first and second half-cycles I 1 , I 2 is about 20A and 8A respectively. In practice an amplitude at the first half-cycles I 1 and I 2 from 20A to 30A peak is common.
- the inventors have realized that this brings two main problems.
- the first is an increase in the thermal current flowing through the sensor that can be solved by sizing the sensor according to the sum of rms currents flowing through it.
- Another problem is a very warm up important to the magnetic circuit due to hysteresis losses and losses by eddy currents.
- the amplitude of the HF currents and the resulting magnetic induction will be multiplied by 4 compared to the second case and consequently, the heating due to hysteresis losses and dynamic losses will be 16 times higher, as can be deduced from the following relation: Losses (W) ⁇ f 2 B 2 d 2 / ⁇ where d is the thickness of the magnetic sheets, B is the magnetic induction, f is the frequency of the induction and therefore of the parasitic current HF and ⁇ is the resistivity of the ferromagnetic alloy constituting the magnetic circuit of the sensor.
- this type of sensor can only be used if it is available on its primary connections an auxiliary circuit which derives the currents H.F .; however, this circuit has the disadvantage of destroying the performance dynamic sensor and strike well the performance of the training. For these reasons, this type of sensor has not, until now, been used in performance engine drives; it is replaced by a sensor of the type "closed loop" more expensive.
- an object of the invention is to provide a sensor of open-loop current with the required dynamic performance and which can withstand high currents flowing in the primary conductor.
- a Another object of the invention is to provide a power supply circuit equipped with such sensors.
- Objects of the invention are realized by an open loop sensor according to the claim 1 and a power supply circuit according to the claim 5.
- the open loop current sensor comprises a magnetic circuit having an air gap, a magnetic field detector disposed in the air gap, and a primary conductor, wherein the current to be measured flows, having one or more turns surrounding the magnetic circuit.
- the coil 110 constituting the primary winding Np is normally placed on a sector, or on branch 111 in the case of a rectangular magnetic circuit 112, located directly opposite the gap 113, as shown in Figure 3.
- This location is actually the one which appears the most natural; it is also the one that appears the most logical of the practical realization point of view, because the primary winding can be more easily wrapped around the opposite branch to the gap by passing the wire through the air gap.
- an open loop sensor 1 comprises a magnetic circuit 12 comprising a magnetic core having an air gap 13, a magnetic induction measuring element 14 comprising a measuring cell of the magnetic induction 15 disposed in the air gap, and a primary conductor 11 having one or more turns surrounding the magnetic circuit.
- the current to be measured I p (also called primary current) flows in the primary conductor.
- the measuring cell may for example be a Hall effect probe mounted on a printed circuit board 16 of the measuring element, the circuit comprising conductive tracks connecting terminals 19 of the measuring cell to terminals 20 intended to be connected to an external unit for processing the measurement signals.
- turns 21 of the primary conductor 11 are arranged around the core magnetic 12 on both sides and closer to the gap 13.
- the turns are illustrated as being in the form of turns of a wire.
- the turns can however, take many other forms.
- turns may be U-shaped conductors 21 ', for example stamped metal sheet, surrounding the magnetic circuit 12 and connected by example to a printed circuit 22 provided with conductive tracks 23 connecting the U-shaped conductors.
- two drivers in "U" one on each side of the gap, may represent a single turn if they are electrically connected in parallel, for example by the conductive tracks on the printed circuit board.
- the magnetic induction in the magnetic circuit material is locally, but also globally, lower. As a result, the total losses and the resulting heating are also lower.
- the dispersion flux is also lower because the magnetic induction is lower. It tends to generate only useful flow. Recall that the induction in the air gap does not depend on the position of the primary turns, as can be seen from the following explanation:
- N p is the number of primary turns
- I p is the primary current
- H air is the magnetic field flowing in the gap
- I air is the length of the gap
- H fer is the magnetic field flowing in the nucleus of magnetic circuit
- I iron is the length of the magnetic core
- B air is the magnetic induction in the air gap
- B iron is the magnetic induction in the magnetic core
- ⁇ air is the magnetic permeability in the air
- ⁇ r is the magnetic permeability in the magnetic core
- Figures 6a and 6b are graphs showing the evolution of the temperature in the magnetic circuit of a conventional sensor, respectively a sensor according to the invention on a line fed by a sinusoidal current having a frequency of 200 KHz.
- Fig. 6a relates to a sensor with: a magnetic iron-silicon circuit having a gap of 1.3 mm in length and consisting of a stack of eight sheets of 0.35 mm thick; its section is 9.8 mm 2 and its average length is 40 mm.
- Fig. 6b relates to a sensor with: a magnetic iron-nickel circuit, having a gap of 1.3 mm in length and consisting of a stack of eight sheets of 0.35 mm thick; its section is 10 mm 2 and its average length is 35 mm.
- the sensor of FIG. 6a comprises eight primary turns traversed by a current of 5 A, ie 40 At.
- the sensor of FIG. 6b has twelve primary turns traversed by a current of 3.33 A, or 40 At.
- the temperature T c of the magnetic circuit of the conventional sensor reaches approximately 116 ° C. (ie an increase of approximately 96 ° C.) whereas the temperature T i of the magnetic circuit of the sensor according to the invention reaches about 52 ° C (ie an increase of about 32 ° C).
- the heating of a sensor according to the invention is therefore about 3 times lower than in a conventional sensor of the same shape and dimensions.
- Another advantage resulting from the sensor according to the invention is that the insertion inductance L ins of the sensor is lower.
- N is the number of primary turns
- R m is the magnetic reluctance
- S is the effective section of the gap
- I is the length of the air gap.
- the peak voltage U c is 810mV, which gives by calculation an insertion induction L ins of 0.02 ⁇ H
- the peak voltage U i is 460mV which gives by calculation an insertion induction L ins of 0.0115 ⁇ H.
- Another advantage is that the section of the magnetic core needed for measure a given current is lower because the magnetic induction in the core is lower because the primary turns enclose a portion of the magnetic circuit where the apparent permeability is low.
- Fig. 7 shows that with a sensor according to the invention, consisting of a magnetic iron-nickel circuit with about 80% nickel and 3.36 mm 2 section, the current measurement is linear up to 188 At, whereas in a conventional sensor of the same shape, dimensions and quality the measurement of the current is linear only up to 88 At.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03015934A EP1498739B1 (de) | 2003-07-12 | 2003-07-12 | Stromsensor mit einem einen Luftspalt aufweisenden Magnetkern und damit ausgerüstete Energieversorgungsschaltung |
AT03015934T ATE322692T1 (de) | 2003-07-12 | 2003-07-12 | Stromsensor mit einem einen luftspalt aufweisenden magnetkern und damit ausgerüstete energieversorgungsschaltung |
DE60304460T DE60304460T2 (de) | 2003-07-12 | 2003-07-12 | Stromsensor mit einem einen Luftspalt aufweisenden Magnetkern und damit ausgerüstete Energieversorgungsschaltung |
US10/887,288 US7193408B2 (en) | 2003-07-12 | 2004-07-08 | Open-loop electric current sensor and a power supply circuit provided with such sensors |
JP2004204718A JP2005031089A (ja) | 2003-07-12 | 2004-07-12 | 開ループ電流センサとそのセンサを備えた電源回路 |
CNB200410069833XA CN100443903C (zh) | 2003-07-12 | 2004-07-12 | 开环电流传感器和具有这种传感器的电源电路 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03015934A EP1498739B1 (de) | 2003-07-12 | 2003-07-12 | Stromsensor mit einem einen Luftspalt aufweisenden Magnetkern und damit ausgerüstete Energieversorgungsschaltung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1498739A1 true EP1498739A1 (de) | 2005-01-19 |
EP1498739B1 EP1498739B1 (de) | 2006-04-05 |
Family
ID=33462102
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03015934A Expired - Lifetime EP1498739B1 (de) | 2003-07-12 | 2003-07-12 | Stromsensor mit einem einen Luftspalt aufweisenden Magnetkern und damit ausgerüstete Energieversorgungsschaltung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7193408B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1498739B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005031089A (de) |
CN (1) | CN100443903C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE322692T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE60304460T2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008036110A2 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2008-03-27 | Bae Systems Land & Armaments L.P. | Modularized servo control system |
ATE487146T1 (de) * | 2007-12-18 | 2010-11-15 | Lem Liaisons Electron Mec | Stromsensor mit laminiertem magnetkern |
US8310225B2 (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2012-11-13 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Current sensing mechanism |
DE102009012794B3 (de) | 2009-03-13 | 2010-11-11 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg | Hysteresearmer Sensor |
CN201438687U (zh) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-04-14 | 深圳航天科技创新研究院 | 一种无刷直流电动机控制系统 |
EP2251704A1 (de) * | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-17 | Liaisons Electroniques-Mecaniques Lem S.A. | Fluxgate Stromsensor mit geschlossenem Regelkreis |
US20110113384A1 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-05-12 | Gotcher Michael C | Media System Having Three Dimensional Navigation via Dynamic Carousel |
US9086444B2 (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2015-07-21 | Tdk Corporation | Magnetic field detection device and current sensor |
JP6127499B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-20 | 2017-05-17 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 電流センサ |
JP6379451B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-20 | 2018-08-29 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 電流センサの製造方法 |
EP3044598A4 (de) * | 2013-09-10 | 2017-04-19 | Molex, LLC | Steckverbinder mit sensor |
CA2865757C (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2020-06-09 | Michael Jordan Kadonoff | Electrical current measuring apparatus and method |
US9939465B2 (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2018-04-10 | Sumida Corporation | Electric current detector |
JP6531951B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-24 | 2019-06-19 | スミダコーポレーション株式会社 | 電流検出装置 |
FR3068464B1 (fr) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-07-26 | Continental Automotive France | Capteur de position inductif avec spires secondaires traversant une carte de circuit imprime |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2594551A1 (fr) * | 1986-02-14 | 1987-08-21 | Servo Contact Sa | Dispositif de mesure de courant |
EP0578948A1 (de) * | 1992-07-14 | 1994-01-19 | Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG | Einrichtung zur Messung von Leistungs- und/oder Stromkomponenten einer Impedanz |
DE10028448A1 (de) * | 2000-06-13 | 2002-01-03 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Einrichtung zur galvanisch getrennten Messung eines in einem Leiter fließenden elektrischen elektrischen Stromes unter Verwendung eines Hallelements |
Family Cites Families (21)
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DE1120585B (de) | 1959-03-12 | 1961-12-28 | Siemens Ag | Messeinrichtung an Stromschienen zur Bildung einer dem Quadrat des Stromes proportionalen Messgroesse |
FR2331029A1 (fr) | 1975-11-05 | 1977-06-03 | Aerospatiale | Dispositif de mesure de l'intensite du courant electrique dans un conducteur |
CH649386A5 (en) | 1980-09-26 | 1985-05-15 | Landis & Gyr Ag | Instrument transformer for the isolated measurement of a current |
US4488112A (en) | 1982-08-30 | 1984-12-11 | Gte Automatic Electric Inc. | Hall effect device test circuit |
US4799005A (en) * | 1983-04-13 | 1989-01-17 | Fernandes Roosevelt A | Electrical power line parameter measurement apparatus and systems, including compact, line-mounted modules |
CN1006005B (zh) * | 1985-04-25 | 1989-12-06 | 华中工学院 | 霍尔检测式直流传感器 |
US4823075A (en) * | 1987-10-13 | 1989-04-18 | General Electric Company | Current sensor using hall-effect device with feedback |
US5041761A (en) | 1990-09-14 | 1991-08-20 | United Technologies Automotive, Inc. | Magnetic automotive lamp current sensor |
WO1992012432A1 (en) * | 1990-12-28 | 1992-07-23 | Liaisons Electroniques-Mecaniques Lem S.A. | A current sensor device |
DE9113081U1 (de) | 1991-10-21 | 1991-12-12 | Siemens Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De | |
US5250894A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1993-10-05 | Bridges Electric, Inc. | Current sensing system having electronic compensation circuits for conditioning the outputs of current sensors |
JPH06258350A (ja) | 1993-03-10 | 1994-09-16 | Omron Corp | 電流検出ユニット及びリレーターミナル |
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JP3007553B2 (ja) | 1995-03-24 | 2000-02-07 | 日本レム株式会社 | 電流センサ |
DK172562B1 (da) * | 1995-10-06 | 1999-01-18 | Danfoss As | Fremgangsmåde ved måling af fejlstrømme i en vekselretter, samt vekselretter med styrede halvlederswitche |
CH692161A5 (fr) * | 1997-07-04 | 2002-02-28 | Lem Liaisons Electron Mec | Capteur de courant. |
CH692260A5 (fr) | 1998-01-28 | 2002-04-15 | Lem Liaisons Electron Mec | Dispositif d'alimentation en courant muni d'un capteur de courant. |
EP1074846B1 (de) | 1999-08-04 | 2007-02-14 | Schneider Electric Industries SAS | Stromsensor für eine elektrische Vorrichtung |
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-
2003
- 2003-07-12 DE DE60304460T patent/DE60304460T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-12 AT AT03015934T patent/ATE322692T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-12 EP EP03015934A patent/EP1498739B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-07-08 US US10/887,288 patent/US7193408B2/en active Active
- 2004-07-12 JP JP2004204718A patent/JP2005031089A/ja active Pending
- 2004-07-12 CN CNB200410069833XA patent/CN100443903C/zh active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2594551A1 (fr) * | 1986-02-14 | 1987-08-21 | Servo Contact Sa | Dispositif de mesure de courant |
EP0578948A1 (de) * | 1992-07-14 | 1994-01-19 | Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG | Einrichtung zur Messung von Leistungs- und/oder Stromkomponenten einer Impedanz |
DE10028448A1 (de) * | 2000-06-13 | 2002-01-03 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Einrichtung zur galvanisch getrennten Messung eines in einem Leiter fließenden elektrischen elektrischen Stromes unter Verwendung eines Hallelements |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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OGASAWARA S ET AL: "A digital current sensor for PWM inverters", PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING. HOUSTON, OCT. 4 - 9, 1992, NEW YORK, IEEE, US, vol. 1, 4 October 1992 (1992-10-04), pages 949 - 955, XP010063656, ISBN: 0-7803-0635-X * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1576858A (zh) | 2005-02-09 |
US7193408B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 |
US20050007095A1 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
CN100443903C (zh) | 2008-12-17 |
ATE322692T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
JP2005031089A (ja) | 2005-02-03 |
DE60304460D1 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
DE60304460T2 (de) | 2006-10-12 |
EP1498739B1 (de) | 2006-04-05 |
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