EP1497714A2 - Systeme et procede de projection de transformations effectues sur des arbres d'objets - Google Patents

Systeme et procede de projection de transformations effectues sur des arbres d'objets

Info

Publication number
EP1497714A2
EP1497714A2 EP02804563A EP02804563A EP1497714A2 EP 1497714 A2 EP1497714 A2 EP 1497714A2 EP 02804563 A EP02804563 A EP 02804563A EP 02804563 A EP02804563 A EP 02804563A EP 1497714 A2 EP1497714 A2 EP 1497714A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transformation
applications
rules
user
project planning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02804563A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dirk Langkafel
Elmar Thurner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1497714A2 publication Critical patent/EP1497714A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/25—Integrating or interfacing systems involving database management systems
    • G06F16/258—Data format conversion from or to a database

Definitions

  • the invention further relates to a corresponding computer program, a computer program product and a data processing device.
  • heterogeneous applications e.g. If MES applications are connected to one another, then the objects or object trees of the respective applications are usually represented in different ways in the meta model of the software system, even if the objects or object trees match semantically. This different representation makes communication between the applications difficult.
  • MES Manufacturing Execution Systems
  • ERP enterprise Resource Planning
  • Manufacturing execution systems are systems that, for example, provide information for optimizing production processes.
  • the manufacturing execution systems must use the rough planning data of the ERP systems in order to get plant-specific and current detailed planning Supplement data and forward it accordingly to the subordinate automation level.
  • MES systems thus perform the task of vertical integration between the company management level and the automation level.
  • Typical individual tasks of MES systems are enterprise asset management, maintenance management, information management, scheduling, dispatching and trace & track. These tasks are carried out by MES components or MES applications.
  • XML eXtensible Markup Language
  • the XML family defines a standard procedure for transforming XML documents: XSL Transformations (XSL stands for Extensible Stylesheet Language). Tree transformations can also be described with XSL Transformations, but only if the objects of the trees are in XML format and the respective XML format is known to a user. If a user has a If you want to transform an object tree, you need the associated representation of the objects in XML format and you must define the transformation at the XML level. This means effort, because the user must first get the corresponding XML formats of the objects.
  • the object of the underlying invention is to provide a system and a method for projecting transformations of object trees that makes it possible, the definition of the transformations being convenient and simple for the user.
  • the object is achieved for a system for projecting transformations of object trees by the features of claim 1.
  • the transformation of the objects or the object trees takes place in the domain world of the user, ie the user can abstract from the underlying format of the objects.
  • Another advantage is the transformation of object structures into a form that is understandable for recipients (eg other applications) of these object structures. It is often the case that semantically identical objects (eg a production order) are represented differently in a common meta object model.
  • the transformations also create uniform representations for objects with the same semantics. This enables communication between different applications via a pure data exchange.
  • a user can very comfortably configure the trans- Make formations by graphically interconnecting (connecting) the symbols.
  • the interconnection also creates additional rules that can be further processed or reused. Thanks to the graphical user interface used, the transformations and the rules used are transparent to a user.
  • a first advantageous embodiment of the present invention for a system is that the transformation can be carried out in the domain on which a user is based. If the transformation takes place directly at the domain level of the user, the user can abstract from the internal formats of the objects or object trees. The effectiveness of a user is increased because he is in his known world (known nomenclature, known objects, etc.) when creating solutions. A user therefore does not have to transform the objects to be transformed at the level of their internal format and then translate them back into the domain world.
  • the rules are represented as objects of the software system.
  • the objects appear to a user as part of the software system.
  • a user can also handle the rules like objects, e.g. link graphically.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention for a system is that the nodes and / or the operators and / or the rules are positioned and interconnected via drag & drop using input aids. This supports a user in his way of working and increases his effectiveness.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention for a system is that further operators and / or rules for transformation are defined by a user. nable. This increases the flexibility for a user and a user can define rules that are appropriate for the underlying structures and problems.
  • a framework defines the architecture of a family of software systems, provides the basic building blocks for creating these systems and determines their interaction. Frameworks save development time and costs.
  • Adapters are one level higher than wrappers. They offer a unified view of connected applications. An adapter offers functionality to start, operate, etc. the component to be coupled. An adapter corresponds to a "facade" in the language of the design pattern.
  • a wrapper maps the API (Application Programmable Interface) of a third-party component (eg an MES application from a third-party provider) into the object model of a software system.
  • a method of the API of the third-party component becomes a method of the software system or an integer data type of the API of the third-party component becomes an integer data type of the software system, etc.
  • the objects of the applications to be integrated are mapped into the meta-object model of the software system and represented in the meta object model as a source or target object tree. If the adapters now specify the structure of these trees, a subsequent transformation from source to target object tree can be carried out very easily, possibly even automatically.
  • the object is achieved for a method for projecting transformations of object trees by the features of claim 8.
  • the transformation of the objects or the object trees takes place in the domain world of the user, ie the user can abstract from the underlying format of the objects.
  • Another advantage is the transformation of object structures into a form that is suitable for recipients
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention for a method is that further operators and / or rules for transformation are defined by a user. This increases the flexibility for a user and a user can define rules that are appropriate for the underlying structures and problems.
  • a framework defines the architecture of a family of software systems, provides the basic building blocks for creating these systems and determines their interaction. Frameworks save development time and costs.
  • Adapters are one level higher than wrappers. They offer a unified view of the attached applications.
  • An adapter offers functionality to start, operate, etc. the component to be coupled.
  • An adapter corresponds to a "facade" in the language of the design pattern.
  • a wrapper maps the API (Application Programmable Interface) of a third-party component (eg an MES application from a third-party provider) into the object model of a software system.
  • a method of the API of the third-party component becomes a method of the software system or an integer data type of the API of the third-party component becomes an integer data type of the software system, etc.
  • the objects of the applications to be integrated are mapped into the meta-object model of the software system and represented in the meta object model as a source or target object tree. If the adapters now specify the structure of these trees, a subsequent transformation from source to target object tree can be carried out very easily, possibly even automatically.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the present invention is that the method according to the invention is implemented by a computer program. This means that any modifications or adjustments can be made easily.
  • Another advantageous embodiment of the present invention is that the computer program for the method according to the invention is stored on a data carrier. This makes the process easy to handle in terms of logistics and distribution.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 1 shows an overview of the three control levels, as can usually be found in a manufacturing or manufacturing company.
  • the pyramid shape expresses that the information is compressed towards the top.
  • the top level is the ERP level (Enterprise Resource Planning).
  • ERP level Enterprise Resource Planning
  • the business and sales tasks are usually carried out in a company (e.g. finance, sales, human resources, reporting), but also cross-production logistics tasks (e.g. orders - and material management) are carried out at this level.
  • the SAP R / 3 system is an ERP system that is used very frequently at company management level.
  • the lowest level of the pyramid is the automation level (controls).
  • controls programmable logic controllers
  • PLC programmable logic controllers
  • PLS visualization and process control systems
  • the drives, actuators and sensors of the production and / or manufacturing facilities are directly connected to the systems on this level.
  • the link between the ERP level and the automation level is formed by the MES level.
  • the applications at the MES level thus ensure vertical integration between the ERP level and the automation level.
  • the MES applications must supplement the rough planning of the ERP systems with production plant-specific detailed planning and forward them to the systems at the automation level; on the other hand, it is the task of the MES applications to record production-related data at the automation level, process it and send it to the ERP level ( Management level).
  • Typical MES applications include Quality Management (QM), Maintenance Management (MM), Performance Analysis (PA), Process Management, Labor Management, Asset Management.
  • QM Quality Management
  • MM Maintenance Management
  • PA Performance Analysis
  • Process Management Labor Management
  • Asset Management Asset Management
  • MES systems or ERP systems usually contain a so-called runtime system for the temporal sequence control of the components involved (subcomponents, modules, tasks, processes of the operating system, etc.), as well as a so-called engineering system for creating and editing programs that are used for Execution in the runtime system are provided.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 2 shows an exemplary overview image with software and hardware units for MES solutions.
  • the individual MES applications AI to A3 are connected to a framework program (Framework) IF via adapters AD1 to AD3.
  • a user workstation PIW1 is coupled to the framework program IF via a bidirectional information path II and can thus manage and monitor the MES applications which are attached or integrated thereon.
  • the respective MES applications AI to A3 are connected to the framework program IF via adapters AD1 to AD3.
  • the adapters are thus the coupling modules between the framework program IF and the applications. Applications that are heterogeneous per se can thus be connected to one another via the adapters, and integration with the framework program IF makes it possible to communicate between the applications and to exchange data.
  • the adapters are software modules that create connections to various applications. In typical integration scenarios, these are integrations to systems from the MES, ERP, SCADA or Controls world.
  • An adapter offers functionality to start, operate a component to be coupled, etc.
  • An adapter allows access to data and functions of the application or application to be coupled, provides certain runtime data and allows engineering information to be loaded from the application or Application. Adapters can differ in terms of their structure and scope.
  • adapters can be permanently programmed or they can be configured or be modeled. They can also differ with regard to the possibilities of access to the application to be coupled, for example adapters can only allow data access, but it is also possible for adapters to allow access to higher-value business processes.
  • the adapters When starting up, the adapters are loaded with the stored models and status information. It is then checked at runtime whether and how the different integrated applications or applications fit together. Using a visualization or monitoring component, it is possible to query the status of an adapter and display it at the user workstation PIWl (also graphically). Adapters give the system and the user a standardized and uniform view of applications (depending on which level of abstraction is available for the adapters).
  • a wrapper maps the API (Application Programmable Interface) of a third-party component (e.g. an MES application) into the object model of the framework program. For example, a method of the API of the external component becomes a method of the framework program or an integer data type of the API of the external component becomes an integer data type of the framework program.
  • API Application Programmable Interface
  • MES Application Programmable Interface
  • MES applications In addition to MES applications, applications from the corporate management level (Enterprise Resource Planning level) and / from the automation level (Controls level) can be integrated via the framework program IF and monitored or monitored via the workstation PIWl (the acronym PIW stands for Personalized Industrial Workplace) . to get managed.
  • the framework program IF thus forms an integration platform for the entire industrial sector. Different applications from the management level, the MES level and the automation level can be easily and economically integrated with the framework program IF using adapters and / or wrappers.
  • the framework program IF is therefore a middle goods platform and as a manufacturing application integration tool.
  • a user eg the plant operator
  • the framework program IF thus enables, on the one hand, vertical integration of applications from different company levels and, on the other hand, the framework program IF enables horizontal integration of applications at the MES level.
  • the PIWI workstation represents a "one window to the world" for a user on the front end of MES applications or other company applications. This means that the workstation enables integrative access to different, even heterogeneous, interfaces via a common, uniform interface Applications in the company.
  • the user of the workstation PIW1 can thus monitor and manage all integrated MES or other applications from this one workstation.
  • This workplace can be connected to the applications via the Internet, the intranet, LAN (Local Area Network) or other conceivable connections. It is also possible to use this workstation as a mobile station, e.g. to be designed as a mobile device (PDA, cell phone). This mobility would bring even more benefits to a user.
  • PDA mobile device
  • the illustration according to FIG. 3 shows the central position of the framework program coupling the software applications.
  • the framework program (IF; FIG 2) can be implemented on a single server or on any number of servers that can be distributed in an IT landscape.
  • the framework program (IF; FIG 2) is on a server IFS (Industrial Framework Server).
  • the clients are connected to this central server IFS by the bidirectional information paths 12-18.
  • the clients include the applications from the ERP, MES and automation levels. These applications are shown at the bottom of the figure in FIG. These applications are part of the supporting program via the adapters AD4 - AD6
  • the adapters AD4 - AD6 are connected to the applications via API interfaces API1 - API3 (API stands for Application Programmable Interface).
  • APIs are also used when converting parameter lists from one format to another and when interpreting the arguments in one or both directions. The APIs are, so to speak, the glue between the applications and the adapters.
  • the connection between the adapters AD4 - AD6 with the framework program (IF; FIG 2) (shown in FIG. 3 by the bidirectional information paths 13 - 15) takes place via suitable data formats (eg XML), suitable protocols (XOP, OPC, etc. ) and suitable transport mechanisms (e.g. DCOM or MSMQ).
  • HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
  • the SOAP protocol based on XML eXtensible Markup Language
  • Object Access Protocol Simple Object Access Protocol
  • Clients or applications that support ActiveX documents or calls can be integrated particularly advantageously into the framework program (IF; FIG 2) or the server IFS.
  • the applications can also be connected to the framework program using wrappers or other integration mechanisms.
  • the repository can be used as a further client with the IFS server
  • the IFR repository is used to keep data safe and persistent. This data can be accessed via method calls. Objects, methods and runtime data are stored in the repository.
  • the Personalized Industrial Workplace PIW2 and any existing engineering environment EU are clients of the IFS server.
  • the Personalized Industrial Workplace PIW2 is connected by the bidirectional information path 16 to the framework program (IF; FIG 2) or to the server, the engineering environment EU accordingly by the bidirectional information path 17.
  • the three points show that other clients on the server IFS can hang.
  • FIG. 3 it is indicated that a further client C, connected by the information path 18, also hangs on the server IFS.
  • the clients IFR, PIW2, EU, C are connected accordingly via APIs or common data formats (e.g. XML), common protocols (XOP, OPC, etc.) and common transport mechanisms (e.g. DCOM, HTTP or MSMQ).
  • common data formats e.g. XML
  • common protocols XOP, OPC, etc.
  • common transport mechanisms e.g. DCOM, HTTP or MSMQ.
  • the adapters AD4 - AD6 used allow access to data and also to methods of the individual applications, which they connect to the framework program (IF; FIG 2). These adapters are very flexible and are not restricted to individual special protocols or special transport mechanisms. If the adapters are used in a runtime environment, they are configured to ensure that certain required data from an application is available in the server environment at the right time. As already mentioned, this can be done using different protocols and transport mechanisms. In a runtime environment there can be several adapters, which can also have small server properties (such as the execution of workflows, the provision of various communication options, ). These adapters can be current application computer are running. Not only do they have to run on one machine, they can also be distributed.
  • Element 2 ⁇ is connected to element S1, element 2 to element S2.
  • the tree representations QB or ZB belong to applications (e.g. MES applications), which were mapped to the meta-model of the underlying software system (e.g. frameworks) using adapters. Since the two tree structures, although they represent the same objects semantically, are represented in a different form in the meta object model, communication between the applications to which they belong is not yet effectively possible in this form. Effective communication is made possible by mapping one object tree onto the other. 4, the source tree QB is transformed into the tree ZB. How this transformation takes place is shown in screen area BB3.
  • the elements S1 and S2 represent objects (eg variables) that have the same meaning in the two trees QB and ZB.
  • the screen area BB3 shows how a transformation can be carried out, which expresses that the objects S1 and S2 of the source tree QB and the target tree ZB belong together semantically.
  • the display device AZ1 can contain a menu bar ML1 as a further screen area, on which functions (for example by buttons) are shown that a user can use for the transformation.
  • a monitor or a display is usually used as the display device.
  • input aids such as a mouse or keyboard, a user can operate and activate the elements of the display device.
  • the display device AZ1 can also contain further screen areas. For example, it is also conceivable for the screen area BB3 to be subdivided further, but there may also be further menu bars ML1.
  • transformations Once transformations have been defined by the user, they can be saved and used again for later applications. A user can also define rules to perform these transformations. A user can also save these rules and use them again for later transformations. It is also conceivable that a rule becomes part of the meta object model of the underlying software system and is then available to a user as an object.
  • the rule objects mentioned are created automatically when a transformation is defined.
  • Mathematical functions addition, subtraction, sine, cosine, etc.
  • timers or other adapters e.g. Excel
  • the transformations and the rules can be created very easily using drag & drop mechanisms.
  • the transformation described above converts two semantic representations (eg object trees) that have been brought into the meta-object model by the adaptation.
  • the objects or the object trees are mapped directly onto one another and not the representations of these objects in any format structures.
  • the transformation can thus take place in the domain world of the user, and a user can abstract from the internal representation of the objects, ie from the internal formats.
  • the configuration or engineering environment described here can be implemented, for example, as a client in a framework or in the software system. However, it is also possible for this environment to be implemented on a stand-alone PC.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 5 shows an example of the transformation of objects or object trees with the aid of mathematical objects.
  • the screen areas BB1 and BB2 contain object trees OB1 and OB2 which are to be converted into one another.
  • OB1 contains the component K1 in its structure as an element
  • OB2 contains the component K2 in its structure as an element.
  • a transformation is to be produced between these components K1 and K2 ⁇ .
  • Kl ⁇ contains the variables VI and V2
  • K2 contains the variables S and D.
  • the menu bar ML2 shows operators, eg addition, subtraction, division, sine, which are used to define a transformation. can be detected. Further mathematical operators can also be provided to define a transformation, such as multiplication, tangent, arc tangent, cosine, exponential function, logarithm, root function, signum, absolute function, etc.
  • timers for the definition of transformations can also be provided be used. Timers deliver, for example, the current time or definable time cycles, which can be manipulated using the mathematical operations mentioned, for example. For example, it is conceivable to add up values that come from a timer with other values and only then forward them.
  • a user can also implement their own operators or operations using scripts or implementing COM objects.
  • the two variables VI and V2 of the component K and ⁇ Kl are added up.
  • the result of this addition (represented by the variable R1) is linked to the variable S of the component K2 or K2.
  • a rule object is created that can also be used for later transformations.
  • These control objects can, for example, be stored and used in the communication structure of an adapter (see FIG. 7).
  • the connections for the transformation are automatically generated by the drag & drop-like connection of object trees to one another or objects of object trees by pushing them onto the work surface BB3 ⁇ . This means that this connection is created in the background for the objects to be connected.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example for the configuration of a transformation.
  • 6 shows a display device AZ3 (eg display, monitor). With the screen areas BBl ⁇ , BB3 ⁇ , BB2 "and the screen area ML3.
  • the object tree OB3 is shown with the component K3.
  • the component K3 contains the variables v3 and v4.
  • the arrows P1 and P2 show schematically that the component K3 or the associated variable v3 are dragged onto the screen area BB3 "via drag & drop.
  • the screen area BB3" thus represents a working surface in the configuration environment.
  • the screen areas BB2 ⁇ contains the object tree OB4.
  • This object tree OB4 contains a node MO with mathematical objects.
  • the math objects for creating the rules are stored in the menu bar ML3. From this menu bar ML3, these mathematical objects can then be deselected for the work area BB3 via drag & drop or with a mouse click.
  • the ML3 menu bar can also contain other functions that can also be defined by the user.
  • the screen areas, as shown in the display device AZ3, can also be arranged in any other way. It is also conceivable that further screen areas are displayed or that fewer screen areas are displayed.
  • the entries for the configuration environment can also be made using other input aids, eg using the keyboard.
  • Each adapter is a special component with the special property that the component of an adapter runs in its own process.
  • Each adapter comes with a certain default structure, which is again represented as a tree structure of objects in the framework program, ie components and variables, and which provides certain places where the adapter can place certain information externally. Examples of this are status information about the status of the adapter (if the adapter is connected to its application, the application is running, version information, etc.).
  • an adapter can provide information about the external system, ie the external application.
  • the "Object Space" allows an adapter to lay out structures that other adapters or other applications can access.
  • An adapter can also provide information regarding a communication infrastructure to the outside.
  • Communication infrastructure is understood to mean objects to send, receive and transform messages. But also mechanisms for routing and mechanisms for logging the data exchange of the adapter.
  • the communication infrastructure of an adapter also includes so-called ports and outports, which physically receive or send the messages.
  • An adapter is available as a separate process of the operating system, ie if an adapter crashes, it has no effect on other adapters.
  • An adap ter is therefore a separate, closed application that can be executed on its own
  • Adapters and wrappers are mechanisms for integrating software components into a software system.
  • a wrapper forms the API (Application Programmable Interface) of a third-party component or an application to be integrated into the object model of the software system, here the framework program (IF; FIG 2).
  • the framework program IF; FIG 2.
  • a method of the API of the application to be integrated becomes a method of the framework program or an integer data type of the API of the application to be integrated becomes an integer data type of the framework program, etc.
  • a wrapper thus brings the API of the application to be integrated into the language, into the nomenclature and the object world of the framework program.
  • An adapter is one level higher than a wrapper.
  • Adapters represent a standardized view of applications to be integrated, and the framework program in which the application to be integrated is hooked in can abstract from this application.
  • An adapter provides functionality to the system to be integrated, i.e. the application to be integrated, to start, to operate and to act. With the help of the adapter e.g. a user is using a SAP application without being a SAP expert.
  • the IDOC adapter maps SAP applications into the object model of the framework program and is then used as objects of the framework program (component IDOC).
  • FIG 8 shows the object structure of a "component” as a meta-object model of the framework program (IF; FIG 2) in UML (Unified Modeling Language).
  • the software applications to be integrated and the underlying communication means e.g. HTTP, MSMQ, etc.
  • IF object model of the framework program
  • heterogeneous applications have a common object model.
  • This object model is very generic and represents a meta-object model.
  • the core of this object model consists of an object type called "Component".
  • a component can in turn aggregate other components and / or contain special types of components, so-called variables, to which certain values are assigned during operation. Components and variables can also have additional attributes.
  • This object model forms the basis for the adaptation of MES applications or other applications.
  • All applications to be integrated are represented within the framework program (IF, FIG 2) in the representation of this object model.
  • the underlying means of communication are also mapped to this generic object model.
  • In the framework program (IF; FIG 2), all applications and all the underlying means of communication are now in one and homogeneous object model. This makes it very easy and easy to set up communication relationships between the applications.
  • Mapping mechanisms such as adapters or wrappers map the software applications to be integrated and the underlying communication means to this generic object structure, that is to say the “component” structure, of the framework program (IF; FIG. 2).
  • System and method for planning the transformation of object trees in particular in MES systems, the source and target object trees being represented in a common meta-object model of a software system, in particular a framework.
  • the source object tree is transformed into the target object tree by rules.
  • the transformation takes place directly on the objects of the meta object model (component). This enables communication via pure data exchange between coupled applications.
  • the system or method according to the invention described above can be implemented as a computer program in languages known therefor.
  • a computer program implemented in this way can also be stored and transported in a known manner via electronic data paths, but also on data carriers.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé de projection de transformations effectuées sur des arbres d'objets (OB1-OB4), en particulier dans des systèmes d'exécution de fabrication (MES). Selon ledit procédé, les arbres d'objets source (QB) et les arbres d'objets cible (ZB) sont représentés dans un méta-modèle d'objets commun d'un système logiciel, en particulier d'un cadre d'applications (IF). L'arbre d'objets source (QB) est transformé en l'arbre d'objets cible (ZB) par l'intermédiaire de règles. Cette transformation intervient directement sur les objets du méta-modèle d'objets (composant), ce qui permet une communication entre des applications couplées, au moyen d'un simple échange de données.
EP02804563A 2001-12-12 2002-11-28 Systeme et procede de projection de transformations effectues sur des arbres d'objets Withdrawn EP1497714A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE10161111 2001-12-12
DE10161111A DE10161111A1 (de) 2001-12-12 2001-12-12 System und Verfahren zur Projektierung von Transformationen von Objektbäumen
PCT/DE2002/004375 WO2003050716A2 (fr) 2001-12-12 2002-11-28 Systeme et procede de projection de transformations effectues sur des arbres d'objets

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US20050108265A1 (en) 2005-05-19

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