EP1487693A1 - Structure for the transport, installation and dismantlement of a bridge of a fixed oil platform and method for implementing said structure - Google Patents

Structure for the transport, installation and dismantlement of a bridge of a fixed oil platform and method for implementing said structure

Info

Publication number
EP1487693A1
EP1487693A1 EP03722695A EP03722695A EP1487693A1 EP 1487693 A1 EP1487693 A1 EP 1487693A1 EP 03722695 A EP03722695 A EP 03722695A EP 03722695 A EP03722695 A EP 03722695A EP 1487693 A1 EP1487693 A1 EP 1487693A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shuttle
bridge
hull
lifting
legs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03722695A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1487693B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre-Armand Thomas
Pal Teien
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technip Energies France SAS
Original Assignee
Technip France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technip France SAS filed Critical Technip France SAS
Publication of EP1487693A1 publication Critical patent/EP1487693A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1487693B1 publication Critical patent/EP1487693B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E02B17/0818—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering with racks actuated by pinions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/021—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/06—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for immobilising, e.g. using wedges or clamping rings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0052—Removal or dismantling of offshore structures from their offshore location
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/006—Platforms with supporting legs with lattice style supporting legs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
    • E02B2017/0082—Spudcans, skirts or extended feet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge of a fixed oil platform for exploitation at sea. It also relates to a method for transporting, installing and dismantling of a bridge of a fixed oil platform.
  • a fixed petroleum platform which includes a bridge carrying in particular the exploitation equipment and the living quarters.
  • the bridge is supported by a support column anchored on the sea floor.
  • the first method is to use lifting cranes mounted on barges to transfer the deck from the platform of the transport boat to a superstructure consisting of a support column. This method, which is the most widely used to date, has limitations.
  • the first of these limitations is the capacity of the lifting cranes, which can impose the construction of the bridge in several elements, which significantly increases the cost of manufacturing this bridge and the cost of installation and dismantling. of the said oil platform bridge.
  • the second limitation lies in the fact that this method requires having a relatively large favorable time window in order to be able to carry out this operation at sea in good conditions.
  • the second method consists in installing the deck of the oil platform in a single block on the support column by making it float above it. Then, the bridge is placed on this support column either by a ballasting / deballasting system, or by a mechanical system.
  • the deck of the platform is supported either by a floating support constituted for example by a barge, pontoons or by a floating support in the shape of a U, or by means of a structure associated with this floating support.
  • the superstructure can be ballasted or unpacked, it is known to use for the dismantling of the deck of the oil platform, the deballasting of the floating support and the ballasting of the superstructure.
  • the superstructure having a large ballasting capacity, the dismantling operation can take place relatively quickly.
  • the deballasting capacity of the floating support can be used. This capacity being limited, the operation proceeds slowly.
  • the systems using ballasting or deballasting have drawbacks which mainly reside in the fact that they impose a complex structure at the level of the boxes or pumps and a very precise control of filling and emptying of the boxes to maintain the stability of the floating support. during the operation.
  • the speed of the operation depends on the ballasting and load shedding capacity of these boxes of the floating supports which is generally relatively low so that the speed of the operation is thereby limited in particular when the superstructure is anchored on the seabed.
  • sea conditions must be favorable in order to perform this operation in good conditions.
  • An alternative to the ballasting / deballasting system is the use of a mechanical system to raise or lower the deck of the oil platform. These systems allow the installation or dismantling of the oil platform bridge to be carried out more quickly than the previously mentioned systems.
  • a system which comprises two barges supporting the deck of the oil platform by means of two pivoting structures.
  • a system of winches and cables is used to ensure the stability of the system and control the descent and ascent of the bridge of the oil platform.
  • Another mechanical system consists of a rack and pinion system for raising or lowering the deck of the oil platform.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid these drawbacks by proposing a structure for transporting, installing or dismantling a bridge of a fixed oil platform which is designed to facilitate the various operations, while making it possible to obtain a significant time savings and avoid all risks of environmental pollution and increase the safety of personnel responsible for performing the various operations.
  • the subject of the invention is a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge of a fixed oil platform for exploitation at sea, characterized in that it comprises:
  • a U-shaped floating hull fitted with at least three lifting legs for this hull and adapted to bear on the seabed, each leg being associated with mechanical means of movement, and
  • a shuttle movable along said legs by the shell and intended to be applied to the underside of the bridge in a support position of said bridge, said shuttle being provided with locking means on the legs.
  • the mechanical means of movement comprise, on the one hand, two opposite plates, carried by the corresponding leg and comprising each, on each lateral face, a series of teeth and, on the other hand, at least two opposite assemblies, carried by the shell and each formed by a pinion driven in rotation and cooperating with one of the series of teeth,
  • the shuttle is formed of at least three independent elements, each associated with a leg by guide means and comprising lateral stabilization members of the bridge in the support position of this bridge,
  • each element of the shuttle comprises a vertical branch for positioning on the hull and comprising, at its upper part, the guide means and the locking means and a horizontal branch for supporting the bridge,
  • the guide means are formed by two opposite edges each determining with the vertical branch a housing for a plate of the corresponding leg,
  • the locking means comprise at least one rack which can be moved by at least one actuating member between a retracted position and a locking position engaged on one of the series of teeth of the corresponding leg,
  • the stabilization members comprise, for each element of the shuttle, at least one hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder with horizontal displacement,
  • the hull has horizontal sliding rails of the bridge between the support position on the elements of the shuttle and a storage position outside the structure.
  • the invention also relates to a method of dismantling and transporting a bridge of a fixed oil platform from an exploitation site to a quay for dismantling the bridge, characterized in that it consists in the following steps:
  • a transport structure below the deck comprising a floating U-shaped hull fitted with at least three lifting legs for this hull and a shuttle movable along these legs by said hull,
  • the invention also relates to a method of transport and installation of a bridge of a fixed oil platform from a quay to an operating site, characterized in that it consists of the steps following:
  • a transport structure comprising a floating U-shaped hull equipped with at least three lifting legs of this hull and a shuttle movable along these legs by said hull, - apply the lifting legs to the bottom to stabilize the hull,
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view of a fixed oil platform in the operating position
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a transport, installation and dismantling structure according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a partial view in vertical section of the mechanical means for moving the structure
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view along line 4-4 of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an element of the shuttle of the structure according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view in vertical section of the locking means of an element of the shuttle
  • FIG. 7A to 7J are diagrams showing the different steps of the method according to the invention.
  • a fixed oil platform designated as a whole by the reference 1 and comprising a bridge 2 provided with the usual operating equipment and living quarters.
  • This bridge 2 is mounted on a support column 3, the base of which is anchored to the seabed 4 by anchoring members 5.
  • a structure is used designated by the general reference 10 and represented in FIG. 2.
  • the structure 10 comprises a floating hull 11 in the shape of a U equipped with lifting legs 12 of this hull 11 and adapted to bear on the seabed.
  • the shell 11 has two lateral portions 11a and a connecting portion 11b connecting the two lateral portions 11a.
  • the shell 11 is equipped with four lifting legs 12 arranged in pairs on each lateral branch 11 a of said shell 11.
  • the shell 11 can be equipped with three lifting legs 12 distributed in a triangle, one leg 12 being placed on each lateral portion 11a and one leg 12 being placed on the connecting portion 11b.
  • Each leg 12 ends at its lower end with a shoe 13 intended to bear on the seabed 4.
  • each of these legs 12 has, in this embodiment, a triangular section.
  • These legs 12 can also have a square or circular section.
  • Each leg 12 is formed of three frames 14 connected together by a lattice of metal beams 15.
  • Each leg 12 is associated with mechanical displacement means designated by the general reference 20 ( Figures 3 and 4).
  • the mechanical displacement means 20 are housed in a support frame 16, also called by jack-house specialists, which is supported by the shell 11.
  • the mechanical displacement means 20 of each leg 12 comprise, on the one hand, two opposite plates 21 each carried by a frame 14 of the corresponding leg 12 and each comprising, on each lateral face , a series of teeth 22 forming on the two members 14 a double rack.
  • the mechanical displacement means 20 also comprise several assemblies 25 distributed on either side of each plate 21, according to the height of the latter.
  • Each assembly 25 comprises a geared motor group 26 ensuring the drive of a pinion 27 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21.
  • the two sets of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with eight pinions 27 each driven in rotation by a geared motor group 26.
  • the structure 10 also includes a shuttle designated by the general reference 30 which is movable along the legs 12 by the hull 11 and which is intended to be applied to the underside of the deck 2 of the oil platform 1, as will be seen later .
  • the shuttle 30 is composed of independent elements 31, the number of which corresponds to the number of legs 12 of the structure 10.
  • the shuttle 30 consists of four independent elements 31, each associated with a lifting leg 12.
  • the shuttle 30 can also be constituted by a frame-shaped element supported by the lifting legs 12 by means of mechanical displacement means 20.
  • the element 31 comprises a vertical branch 32 for positioning on a lateral face of the support frame 16 of the shell 11 and a horizontal branch 33 for supporting the bridge 2 during its transport.
  • the vertical branch 32 includes guide means on the corresponding leg 12 and locking means on this leg 12.
  • the guide means are formed by two opposite flanges 34 formed in the upper part of the vertical branch 32 and extending parallel to the horizontal branch 33 of the element 31.
  • Each flange 34 determines with said vertical branch 32 a housing 35 for a plate 21 of the corresponding leg 12.
  • each element 31 is guided on the corresponding leg 12 by the plates 21.
  • each element 31 are formed, as shown in FIG. 6, by at least one counter-rack 36 and, preferably, by at least one counter-rack 36 for each plate 21.
  • the counter-rack 36 is displaceable by at least one actuating member 37 and, preferably, by two actuating members 37 constituted for example by hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders in order to move the rack 36 between a retracted position and a locked position on one of the series of teeth 22 of the corresponding leg 12.
  • the assembly constituted by the counter-rack 36 and the actuating members 37 is carried by the element 31 by means of suitable fixing members, not shown.
  • each element 31 of the shuttle 30 is provided with lateral stabilization members of the bridge 2 in the support position of this bridge 2 and which are formed by at least one hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 38 with horizontal displacement arranged for example in the vertical branch 32 of said element 31.
  • each element 31 is provided with two slides 39 each extending vertically along a lateral edge of the vertical branch 32.
  • Each slide 39 cooperates with a vertical slide 40 fixed on the frame 16 at each lifting leg 12.
  • the slides 39 and 40 are provided on their faces opposite a sliding lining formed for example by a "Teflon" lining.
  • each element 31 comprises, on its upper face, elastic members 41 for supporting the bridge 2 of the oil platform 1.
  • elastic members 41 are constituted for example by elastomer blocks or for example by airbags or any other suitable system.
  • the hull 11 is provided on its upper face with rails 42 extending in the same direction as the lateral portions 11a of said hull 11 and which allow the horizontal sliding of the deck 2 when the latter has been previously placed on said hull 11 between the support position on the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 and a storage position outside the structure 11, as for example on the quay of a port to allow the disassembly of the deck 2 in all safety for personnel or vice versa, ie the transfer of deck 2 from the quay to the elements 31 of the boat 30 for the transportation of this deck 2 to the operating site.
  • the shell 11 has, at its open part, a door 43 formed for example of two leaves 44 movable between an open position for positioning the structure 10 below the deck 2 and a closed position during the transfer of said bridge 2 by the structure 10.
  • the transport of the bridge 2 by the structure 10 between the operating site and a quay of a port is carried out as follows. First of all, and as shown in FIG. 7A, the structure 10, with the leaves 44 in the open position, is brought by floating below the bridge 2 of the platform 1 by positioning the support column 3 of the bridge 2 in the U-shaped space formed between the lateral portions 11a of the shell 11. During this positioning, the lifting legs 12 are in the retracted position so that the shoes 13 are arranged below the shell 11 The elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are applied against the shell 11, as shown in particular in FIG. 2.
  • the geared motor groups 26 are actuated to rotate the pinions 27 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each lifting leg 12 in order to bring the shoes 13 into contact with the seabed 4 .
  • the hull 11 moves upwards, along the legs 12, under the effect of the drive in rotation of the pinions 27 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of the lifting legs 12.
  • the shell 11 lifts the shuttle 30 to apply the elastic members 41 of each element 31 against the underside of the bridge 2.
  • the drive of the pinions 27 is stopped and the counter-racks 36 are actuated by the jacks 37 so that these counter-racks 36 come into engagement with the adjacent teeth 22 in order to lock each element 31 of the shuttle 30 on the lifting legs 12, as shown in FIG. 7C.
  • the support column 3 is separated from the bridge 2 for example by cutting the rods of this support column and the assembly constituted by the shell 11, the shuttle 30 and the bridge 2 is lifted in order to separate the bridge 2 from the support column 3 which remains in the vertical position, as shown in FIG. 7C.
  • the shell 11 is lowered into flotation by the drive in the opposite direction of the pinions 27 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 (FIG. 7D) and the pinions 27 are always driven in rotation, which causes, by reaction , due to the depression of the shell 11 in the water, the lifting of the lifting legs 12 (FIG. 7E), which makes it possible to clear the hull 11 supporting the deck 2 via the shuttle 30 of the operating site on which the support column 3 is still in place, as shown in Figure 7F.
  • the hull 11 supporting the deck 2 is brought by buoyancy (FIG. 71) to a quay of a port (FIG. 7J) and the lifting legs 12 are applied to the bottom to stabilize this hull 11.
  • the jacks 38 are retracted and a connecting piece 6 is placed between the shell 11 and the platform to ensure continuity between the surface of this shell 11 and said platform. Then, the bridge 2 is unloaded on this quay by sliding it, for example, on the rails 42.
  • the transport structure 10 is brought by floatation near the quay and the lifting legs 12 are applied to the bottom to stabilize the hull 11.
  • the connection between the surface of the hull 11 and the quay is ensured by the part 6 and the bridge 2 is transferred from the quay to the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 by sliding it on the rails 42.
  • the bridge 2 is stabilized laterally on the elements 31 of the shuttle 6 by means of the jacks 38 of each element 31, then the connecting piece 35 is removed and the lifting legs 12 are raised.
  • the structure 10 supporting the deck 2 is brought by flotation to the vicinity of the operating site and the lifting legs 12 are applied to the seabed so as to raise the deck 2 by means of the hull 11 and the shuttle 30.
  • the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are locked on the lifting legs 12 by means of the counter-racks 36 which are actuated by the jacks 37 so that these counter-racks 36 come into engagement with the adjacent teeth 22 and therefore lock each element 31 of the shuttle 30 on the lifting legs 12.
  • the hull 11 is brought into flotation and the legs 12 of the structure 11 are raised.
  • the bridge 2 is brought above the support column 3 of the oil platform 1 and the lifting legs 12 of the structure 10 are again applied to the seabed.
  • the shell 11 is lifted to bring it into contact with the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 and these elements 31 are unlocked, then the shell 11, the shuttle 30 and the bridge 2 are lowered in order to place this bridge 2 on the support column 3
  • the bridge 2 is fixed to the support column 3 and the hull 11 and the shuttle 30 are lowered to bring said hull 11 into flotation, then the lifting legs 12 raised.
  • the structure 10 is then removed from the operating site.
  • the structure according to the invention has the advantage of being able to transport the entire deck of the oil platform directly from the exploitation site to a fixed site where its disassembly can be carried out safely, without risk of environmental pollution marine or vice versa between a fixed site and an operating site where the bridge is fixed on its support column.

Abstract

A U-shaped floating hull (11) carries three or more mechanically-driven lifting legs (12) capable of resting on the sea bed. A shuttle (30) is moved along the legs by the hull. It is applied to the lower face of the bridge to support it. The shuttle has a system capable of locking it to the legs. A rack and pinion drive moves each shuttle component along the leg. Each of the three shuttle components (31) associated with a lifting leg, has guides with lateral stabilizers for positioning and supporting the bridge. Each shuttle has a vertical positioning section on the hull. Guidance and locking are provided. A horizontal section supports the bridge. Guides are formed by opposite edges, forming a housing with the vertical section, for a plate of the corresponding lifting leg. The locking system comprises actuated counter-rack sections, which lock into teeth of the rack on the leg. The stabilizers are hydraulic- or pneumatic brakes with horizontal displacement. The horizontal sections on the shuttle have resilient components on which the bridge is rested. A system of horizontal slide rails is included for the bridge. These allow it to be moved from a position of support on the shuttle systems, to a remote position away from them. A door (43, 44) in the hull can be opened for positioning and closed during bridge transport. An Independent claim is included for the dismounting and transport of the bridge.

Description

Structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe et procédé de mise en œuyre d'une telle structure Transport, installation and dismantling structure of a bridge of a fixed oil platform and method of laying such a structure
La présente invention concerne une structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'exploi- tation en mer. Elle concerne en outre un procédé de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe.The present invention relates to a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge of a fixed oil platform for exploitation at sea. It also relates to a method for transporting, installing and dismantling of a bridge of a fixed oil platform.
Pour l'exploitation pétrolière, il est connu de placer au-dessus d'un gisement pétrolifère, une plate-forme pétrolière fixe qui comprend un pont portant notamment les équipements d'exploitation et les locaux d'habitation. Le pont est soutenu par une colonne support ancrée sur le sol marin.For petroleum exploitation, it is known to place above a petroleum deposit, a fixed petroleum platform which includes a bridge carrying in particular the exploitation equipment and the living quarters. The bridge is supported by a support column anchored on the sea floor.
Jusqu'à présent, il existe deux grandes méthodes de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe.So far, there are two main methods of transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge from a fixed oil platform.
La première méthode consiste à utiliser des grues de levage montées sur des barges pour transférer le pont de la plate-forme du bateau de transport sur une superstructure constituée d'une colonne support. Cette méthode qui est jusqu'à maintenant la plus répandue présente des limitations.The first method is to use lifting cranes mounted on barges to transfer the deck from the platform of the transport boat to a superstructure consisting of a support column. This method, which is the most widely used to date, has limitations.
En effet, la première de ces limitations est la capacité des grues de levage qui peut imposer de réaliser le pont en plusieurs éléments ce qui augmente de manière importante le coût de fabrication de ce pont et le coût de l'ins- tallation et du démantèlement dudit pont de la plate-forme pétrolière.In fact, the first of these limitations is the capacity of the lifting cranes, which can impose the construction of the bridge in several elements, which significantly increases the cost of manufacturing this bridge and the cost of installation and dismantling. of the said oil platform bridge.
La seconde limitation réside dans le fait que cette méthode impose d'avoir une fenêtre de temps favorable relativement importante pour pouvoir réaliser cette opération en mer dans de bonnes conditions.The second limitation lies in the fact that this method requires having a relatively large favorable time window in order to be able to carry out this operation at sea in good conditions.
Ainsi, cette méthode est difficilement applicable sans une aug- mentation considérable du coût dans des zones où les fenêtres de temps sont relativement courtes, comme par exemple la mer du Nord.Thus, this method is difficult to apply without considerably increasing the cost in areas where the time windows are relatively short, such as the North Sea.
La deuxième méthode consiste à installer le pont de la plateforme pétrolière en un seul bloc sur la colonne support en le faisant flotter au- dessus de celle-ci. Ensuite, le pont est disposé sur cette colonne support soit par un système de ballastage/déballastage, soit par un système mécanique.The second method consists in installing the deck of the oil platform in a single block on the support column by making it float above it. Then, the bridge is placed on this support column either by a ballasting / deballasting system, or by a mechanical system.
Dans le cas d'un système de ballastage, le pont de la plate-forme est supporté soit par un support flottant constitué par exemple par une barge, des pontons ou par un support flottant en forme de U, soit par l'intermédiaire d'une structure associée à ce support flottant.In the case of a ballasting system, the deck of the platform is supported either by a floating support constituted for example by a barge, pontoons or by a floating support in the shape of a U, or by means of a structure associated with this floating support.
Dans le cas où la superstructure peut être ballastée ou déballas- tée, il est connu d'utiliser pour le démantèlement du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière, le déballastage du support flottant et le ballastage de la superstructure. La superstructure ayant une grande capacité de ballastage, l'opération de démantèlement peut se dérouler relativement rapidement. Dans le cas d'une superstructure ancrée sur le fond marin, seule la capacité de déballastage du support flottant peut être utilisée. Cette capacité étant limitée, l'opération se déroule lentement. Les systèmes utilisant le ballastage ou le déballastage présentent des inconvénients qui résident principalement dans le fait qu'ils imposent une structure complexe au niveau des caissons ou des pompes et un contrôle très précis de remplissage et de vidage des caissons pour maintenir la stabilité du support flottant pendant l'opération. La vitesse de l'opération dépend de la capa- cité de ballastage et de délestage de ces caissons des supports flottants qui est généralement relativement faible si bien que la vitesse de l'opération s'en trouve limitée notamment lorsque la superstructure est ancrée sur le fond marin. De plus, au cours de cette opération, les conditions de mer doivent être favorables afin d'effectuer cette opération dans de bonnes conditions. Une alternative au système de ballastage/déballastage est l'utilisation d'un système mécanique pour monter ou abaisser le pont de la plateforme pétrolière. Ces systèmes permettent de réaliser l'opération d'installation ou de démantèlement du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière plus rapidement que les systèmes précédemment mentionnés. A cet effet, il est connu un système qui comprend deux barges supportant le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière par l'intermédiaire de deux structures pivotantes. De plus, un système de treuils et câbles est utilisé pour assurer la stabilité du système et contrôler la descente et la montée du pont de la plateforme pétrolière.In the case where the superstructure can be ballasted or unpacked, it is known to use for the dismantling of the deck of the oil platform, the deballasting of the floating support and the ballasting of the superstructure. The superstructure having a large ballasting capacity, the dismantling operation can take place relatively quickly. In the case of a superstructure anchored to the seabed, only the deballasting capacity of the floating support can be used. This capacity being limited, the operation proceeds slowly. The systems using ballasting or deballasting have drawbacks which mainly reside in the fact that they impose a complex structure at the level of the boxes or pumps and a very precise control of filling and emptying of the boxes to maintain the stability of the floating support. during the operation. The speed of the operation depends on the ballasting and load shedding capacity of these boxes of the floating supports which is generally relatively low so that the speed of the operation is thereby limited in particular when the superstructure is anchored on the seabed. In addition, during this operation, sea conditions must be favorable in order to perform this operation in good conditions. An alternative to the ballasting / deballasting system is the use of a mechanical system to raise or lower the deck of the oil platform. These systems allow the installation or dismantling of the oil platform bridge to be carried out more quickly than the previously mentioned systems. To this end, a system is known which comprises two barges supporting the deck of the oil platform by means of two pivoting structures. In addition, a system of winches and cables is used to ensure the stability of the system and control the descent and ascent of the bridge of the oil platform.
En actionnant ces treuils, on contrôle l'éloignement des barges permettant ainsi la montée ou la descente du pont. Mais, ce type de système mécanique présente une stabilité très précaire et il est bien souvent incompatible avec une utilisation en pleine mer.By operating these winches, we control the distance of the barges thus allowing the ascent or descent of the bridge. However, this type of mechanical system has very precarious stability and is very often incompatible with use at sea.
Un autre système mécanique consiste en un système de pignons crémaillère pour monter ou descendre le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière.Another mechanical system consists of a rack and pinion system for raising or lowering the deck of the oil platform.
D'une manière générale les systèmes mécaniques utilisés jusqu'à présent pour réaliser l'installation et le démantèlement d'un pont d'une plateforme pétrolière sont plus rapides que les systèmes de ballastage ou déballastage, mais ils dépendent des conditions de mer ce qui rend difficile leur utilisation dans des zones où les fenêtres de temps favorables sont relativement courtes.In general, the mechanical systems used until now to install and dismantle a bridge on an oil platform are faster than ballast or deballasting systems, but they depend on sea conditions which makes it difficult to use them in areas where favorable weather windows are relatively short.
L'invention a pour but d'éviter ces inconvénients en proposant une structure de transport, d'installation ou de démantèlement d'un pont d'une plateforme pétrolière fixe qui est conçu pour faciliter les différentes opérations, tout en permettant d'obtenir un gain de temps important et d'éviter tous risques de pollution de l'environnement et d'augmenter la sécurité du personnel chargé d'effectuer les différentes opérations. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'exploitation en mer, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte :The object of the invention is to avoid these drawbacks by proposing a structure for transporting, installing or dismantling a bridge of a fixed oil platform which is designed to facilitate the various operations, while making it possible to obtain a significant time savings and avoid all risks of environmental pollution and increase the safety of personnel responsible for performing the various operations. To this end, the subject of the invention is a structure for transporting, installing and dismantling a bridge of a fixed oil platform for exploitation at sea, characterized in that it comprises:
- une coque flottante en forme de U équipée d'au moins trois jambes de levage de cette coque et adaptée pour prendre appui sur le fond marin, chaque jambe étant associée à des moyens mécaniques de déplacement, eta U-shaped floating hull fitted with at least three lifting legs for this hull and adapted to bear on the seabed, each leg being associated with mechanical means of movement, and
- une navette déplaçable le long desdites jambes par la coque et destinée à être appliquée sur la face inférieure du pont dans une position de support dudit pont, ladite navette étant munie de moyens de verrouillage sur les jambes. Suivant des modes particuliers de mise en œuvre :- A shuttle movable along said legs by the shell and intended to be applied to the underside of the bridge in a support position of said bridge, said shuttle being provided with locking means on the legs. According to particular modes of implementation:
- les moyens mécaniques de déplacement comprennent, d'une part, deux plaques opposées, portées par la jambe correspondante et comportant chacune, sur chaque face latérale, une série de dents et, d'autre part, au moins deux ensembles opposés, portés par la coque et formés chacun par un pignon entraîné en rotation et coopérant avec l'une des séries de dents,the mechanical means of movement comprise, on the one hand, two opposite plates, carried by the corresponding leg and comprising each, on each lateral face, a series of teeth and, on the other hand, at least two opposite assemblies, carried by the shell and each formed by a pinion driven in rotation and cooperating with one of the series of teeth,
- la navette est formée d'au moins trois éléments indépendants, associés chacun à une jambe par des moyens de guidage et comportant des organes de stabilisation latérale du pont dans la position de support de ce pont,the shuttle is formed of at least three independent elements, each associated with a leg by guide means and comprising lateral stabilization members of the bridge in the support position of this bridge,
- chaque élément de la navette comprend une branche verticale de positionnement sur la coque et comportant, à sa partie supérieure, les moyens de guidage et les moyens de verrouillage et une branche horizontale de support du pont,each element of the shuttle comprises a vertical branch for positioning on the hull and comprising, at its upper part, the guide means and the locking means and a horizontal branch for supporting the bridge,
- les moyens de guidage sont formés par deux rebords opposés déterminant chacun avec la branche verticale un logement pour une plaque de la jambe correspondante,the guide means are formed by two opposite edges each determining with the vertical branch a housing for a plate of the corresponding leg,
- les moyens de verrouillage comprennent au moins une contre- crémaillère déplaçable par au moins un organe d'actionnement entre une position escamotée et une position de blocage en prise sur l'une des séries de dents de la jambe correspondante,the locking means comprise at least one rack which can be moved by at least one actuating member between a retracted position and a locking position engaged on one of the series of teeth of the corresponding leg,
- les organes de stabilisation comprennent, pour chaque élément de la navette, au moins un vérin hydraulique ou pneumatique à déplacement ho- rizontal,the stabilization members comprise, for each element of the shuttle, at least one hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder with horizontal displacement,
- la coque comporte des rails de glissement horizontal du pont entre la position de support sur les éléments de la navette et une position de stockage en dehors de la structure.- The hull has horizontal sliding rails of the bridge between the support position on the elements of the shuttle and a storage position outside the structure.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de démantèlement et de transport d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'un site d'exploitation jusqu'à un quai de démontage du pont, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste en les étapes suivantes :The invention also relates to a method of dismantling and transporting a bridge of a fixed oil platform from an exploitation site to a quay for dismantling the bridge, characterized in that it consists in the following steps:
- à disposer au-dessous du pont une structure de transport comportant une coque flottante en forme de U équipée d'au moins trois jambes de levage de cette coque et d'une navette déplaçable le long de ces jambes par ladite coque,- to have a transport structure below the deck comprising a floating U-shaped hull fitted with at least three lifting legs for this hull and a shuttle movable along these legs by said hull,
- à appliquer les jambes de levage sur le fond marin, - à lever la coque et la navette pour amener ladite navette au contact du pont,- apply the lifting legs to the seabed, - to lift the hull and the shuttle to bring said shuttle into contact with the deck,
- à séparer le pont de sa colonne support,- to separate the bridge from its support column,
- à soulever le pont par l'intermédiaire de la coque et de la na- vette,- to lift the deck through the hull and the nave,
- à verrouiller la navette sur les jambes de levage de la structure et à stabiliser latéralement le pont sur la navette,- to lock the shuttle on the lifting legs of the structure and laterally stabilize the bridge on the shuttle,
- à abaisser la coque pour l'amener en flottaison,- lower the hull to float it,
- à poursuivre la descente de la coque pour provoquer par réac- tion la remontée des jambes de levage de la structure,- continuing the descent of the hull to provoke, by reaction, the ascent of the lifting legs of the structure,
- à déplacer la structure supportant le pont pour dégager ledit pont de la colonne support,moving the structure supporting the bridge to release said bridge from the support column,
- à appliquer les jambes de levage sur le fond marin et à lever la coque pour l'amener au contact de la navette, - à déverrouiller la navette des jambes de levage de la structure,- apply the lifting legs to the seabed and lift the hull to bring it into contact with the shuttle, - unlock the shuttle from the lifting legs of the structure,
- à abaisser la coque supportant la navette et le pont pour l'amener en flottaison,- lower the hull supporting the shuttle and the deck to bring it into waterline,
- à relever les jambes de levage de la structure,- raise the lifting legs of the structure,
- à amener par flottaison la structure supportant le pont jusqu'au quai de démontage,- to bring the structure supporting the bridge to the dismantling quay by flotation,
- à appliquer les jambes de levage sur le fond pour stabiliser la coque,- apply the lifting legs to the bottom to stabilize the hull,
- à libérer le pont de la structure,- to free the bridge from the structure,
- à assurer la liaison entre la surface de la coque et le quai, et - à décharger sur le quai le pont de la plate-forme pétrolière.- to ensure the connection between the hull surface and the quay, and - to unload on the quay the deck of the oil platform.
L'invention a aussi pour objet un procédé de transport et d'installation d'un pont d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe d'un quai jusqu'à un site d'exploitation, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste en les étapes suivantes :The invention also relates to a method of transport and installation of a bridge of a fixed oil platform from a quay to an operating site, characterized in that it consists of the steps following:
- à amener par flottaison à proximité du quai une structure de transport comportant une coque flottante en forme de U équipée d'au moins trois jambes de levage de cette coque et d'une navette déplaçable le long de ces jambes par ladite coque, - à appliquer les jambes de levage sur le fond pour stabiliser la coque,to bring by floating near the quay a transport structure comprising a floating U-shaped hull equipped with at least three lifting legs of this hull and a shuttle movable along these legs by said hull, - apply the lifting legs to the bottom to stabilize the hull,
- à assurer la liaison entre la surface de la coque et le quai,- ensuring the connection between the hull surface and the quay,
- à transférer le pont du quai sur la navette de la structure et à stabiliser latéralement le pont sur cette navette,- to transfer the platform bridge to the structure shuttle and laterally stabilize the bridge on this shuttle,
- à remonter les jambes de levage,- to raise the lifting legs,
- à amener par flottaison la structure jusqu'à proximité du site d'exploitation,- bring the structure by floatation to the vicinity of the operating site,
- à appliquer les jambes de levage sur le fond marin, - à soulever le pont par l'intermédiaire de la coque et de la navette,- to apply the lifting legs to the seabed, - to raise the deck via the hull and the shuttle,
- à verrouiller la navette sur les jambes de levage de la structure et à descendre la coque pour l'amener en flottaison,- to lock the shuttle on the lifting legs of the structure and to lower the hull to bring it into waterline,
- à relever les jambes de levage de la structure, - à amener le pont au-dessus d'une colonne support de la plateforme pétrolière et à appliquer les jambes de levage sur le fond marin,- to raise the lifting legs of the structure, - to bring the bridge over a support column of the oil platform and to apply the lifting legs to the seabed,
- à lever la coque pour l'amener au contact de la navette et à déverrouiller ladite navette,- to lift the hull to bring it into contact with the shuttle and to unlock said shuttle,
- à descendre la coque, la navette et le pont pour poser ce pont sur la colonne support,- lower the hull, the shuttle and the deck to place this deck on the support column,
- à fixer le pont sur la colonne support,- to fix the bridge on the support column,
- à descendre la coque et la navette pour amener ladite coque en flottaison,- to lower the hull and the shuttle to bring said hull into flotation,
- à relever les jambes de levage de la structure, et - à retirer la structure du site d'exploitation.- to raise the lifting legs of the structure, and - to remove the structure from the operating site.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique en élévation d'une plate- forme pétrolière fixe en position d'exploitation,FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view of a fixed oil platform in the operating position,
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement conforme à l'invention, - la figure 3 est une vue partielle en coupe verticale des moyens mécaniques de déplacement de la structure,FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a transport, installation and dismantling structure according to the invention, FIG. 3 is a partial view in vertical section of the mechanical means for moving the structure,
- la figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne 4-4 de la figure 3,FIG. 4 is a sectional view along line 4-4 of FIG. 3,
- la figure 5 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un élément de la navette de la structure conforme à l'invention,FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of an element of the shuttle of the structure according to the invention,
- la figure 6 est une vue schématique en coupe verticale des moyens de verrouillage d'un élément de la navette,FIG. 6 is a schematic view in vertical section of the locking means of an element of the shuttle,
- les figures 7A à 7J sont des schémas montrant les différentes étapes du procédé conforme à l'invention. Sur la figure 1 , on a représenté schématiquement une plate-forme pétrolière fixe désignée dans son ensemble par la référence 1 et comprenant un pont 2 pourvu des équipements d'exploitation et des locaux d'habitation habituels. Ce pont 2 est monté sur une colonne support 3 dont la base est ancrée sur le fond marin 4 par des organes d'ancrage 5. Pour assurer le transport, l'installation (commissioning en anglais) et le démantèlement (decommissioning en anglais) du pont 2 de la plate-forme pétrolière fixe 1 d'un site d'exploitation jusqu'à un quai de démontage de ce pont 2 ou inversement, on utilise une structure désignée par la référence générale 10 et représentée à la figure 2. Sur cette figure, les dimensions générales de la structure ainsi que les proportions entre les différents éléments composant cette structure 10 n'ont pas été forcément respectées afin de simplifier la compréhension du dessin. D'une manière générale, la structure 10 comprend une coque flottante 11 en forme de U équipée de jambes de levage 12 de cette coque 11 et adaptée pour prendre appui sur le fond marin. La coque 11 comporte deux portions latérales 11a et une portion de liaison 11 b reliant les deux portions latérales 11a.- Figures 7A to 7J are diagrams showing the different steps of the method according to the invention. In Figure 1, there is shown schematically a fixed oil platform designated as a whole by the reference 1 and comprising a bridge 2 provided with the usual operating equipment and living quarters. This bridge 2 is mounted on a support column 3, the base of which is anchored to the seabed 4 by anchoring members 5. To ensure the transport, installation (commissioning in English) and dismantling (decommissioning in English) of the bridge 2 of the fixed oil platform 1 from an operating site to a dismantling quay for this bridge 2 or vice versa, a structure is used designated by the general reference 10 and represented in FIG. 2. On this Figure, the general dimensions of the structure as well as the proportions between the different elements making up this structure 10 have not necessarily been respected in order to simplify the understanding of the drawing. In general, the structure 10 comprises a floating hull 11 in the shape of a U equipped with lifting legs 12 of this hull 11 and adapted to bear on the seabed. The shell 11 has two lateral portions 11a and a connecting portion 11b connecting the two lateral portions 11a.
Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté à la figure 2, la coque 11 est équipée de quatre jambes de levage 12 disposées par paire sur chaque branche latérale 11 a de ladite coque 11. Selon une variante, la coque 11 peut être équipée de trois jambes de levage 12 réparties selon un triangle, une jambe 12 étant placée sur chaque portion latérale 11a et une jambe 12 étant placée sur la portion de liaison 11 b.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the shell 11 is equipped with four lifting legs 12 arranged in pairs on each lateral branch 11 a of said shell 11. According to a variant, the shell 11 can be equipped with three lifting legs 12 distributed in a triangle, one leg 12 being placed on each lateral portion 11a and one leg 12 being placed on the connecting portion 11b.
Chaque jambe 12 se termine à son extrémité inférieure par un sabot 13 destiné à prendre appui sur le fond marin 4.Each leg 12 ends at its lower end with a shoe 13 intended to bear on the seabed 4.
Ainsi que représenté à la figure 2, chacune de ces jambes 12 présente, dans ce mode de réalisation, une section triangulaire. Ces jambes 12 peuvent également présenter une section carrée ou circulaire.As shown in Figure 2, each of these legs 12 has, in this embodiment, a triangular section. These legs 12 can also have a square or circular section.
Chaque jambe 12 est formée de trois membrures 14 reliées entre elles par un treillis de poutrelles métalliques 15.Each leg 12 is formed of three frames 14 connected together by a lattice of metal beams 15.
Chaque jambe 12 est associée à des moyens mécaniques de déplacement désignés par la référence générale 20 (figures 3 et 4).Each leg 12 is associated with mechanical displacement means designated by the general reference 20 (Figures 3 and 4).
Pour chaque jambe 12, les moyens mécaniques de déplacement 20 sont logés dans une ossature porteuse 16, également appelée par les spécia- listes "jack-house", qui est supportée par la coque 11.For each leg 12, the mechanical displacement means 20 are housed in a support frame 16, also called by jack-house specialists, which is supported by the shell 11.
Ainsi que représenté sur les figures 3 et 4, les moyens mécaniques de déplacement 20 de chaque jambe 12 comprennent, d'une part, deux plaques opposées 21 portées chacune par une membrure 14 de la jambe 12 correspondante et comportant chacune, sur chaque face latérale, une série de dents 22 formant sur les deux membrures 14 une crémaillère double. Les moyens mécaniques de déplacement 20 comprennent également plusieurs ensembles 25 répartis de part et d'autre de chaque plaque 21 , suivant la hauteur de celle-ci. Chaque ensemble 25 comprend un groupe moto-réducteur 26 assurant l'entraînement d'un pignon 27 qui engrène avec une série de dents 22 de la plaque 21 correspondante. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 3 et 4, les deux séries de dents 22 de chaque plaque 21 sont associées avec huit pignons 27 entraînés chacun en rotation par un groupe moto-réducteur 26.As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the mechanical displacement means 20 of each leg 12 comprise, on the one hand, two opposite plates 21 each carried by a frame 14 of the corresponding leg 12 and each comprising, on each lateral face , a series of teeth 22 forming on the two members 14 a double rack. The mechanical displacement means 20 also comprise several assemblies 25 distributed on either side of each plate 21, according to the height of the latter. Each assembly 25 comprises a geared motor group 26 ensuring the drive of a pinion 27 which meshes with a series of teeth 22 of the corresponding plate 21. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the two sets of teeth 22 of each plate 21 are associated with eight pinions 27 each driven in rotation by a geared motor group 26.
La structure 10 comporte également une navette désignée par la référence générale 30 qui est déplaçable le long des jambes 12 par la coque 11 et qui est destinée à être appliquée sur la face inférieure du pont 2 de la plateforme pétrolière 1 , comme on le verra ultérieurement. Comme représenté à la figure 2, la navette 30 est composée d'éléments indépendants 31 dont le nombre correspond au nombre de jambes 12 de la structure 10. Ainsi, dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur les figures, la navette 30 se compose de quatre éléments indépendants 31 , associés chacun à une jambe de levage 12.The structure 10 also includes a shuttle designated by the general reference 30 which is movable along the legs 12 by the hull 11 and which is intended to be applied to the underside of the deck 2 of the oil platform 1, as will be seen later . As shown in FIG. 2, the shuttle 30 is composed of independent elements 31, the number of which corresponds to the number of legs 12 of the structure 10. Thus, in the embodiment shown in the figures, the shuttle 30 consists of four independent elements 31, each associated with a lifting leg 12.
Selon une variante, la navette 30 peut aussi être constituée par un élément en forme de cadre supporté par les jambes de levage 12 à l'aide des moyens mécaniques de déplacement 20.According to a variant, the shuttle 30 can also be constituted by a frame-shaped element supported by the lifting legs 12 by means of mechanical displacement means 20.
En se reportant aux figures 3 à 6, on va décrire un élément indé- pendant 31 de la navette 30, les autres éléments indépendants 31 étant identiques.Referring to FIGS. 3 to 6, an independent element 31 of the shuttle 30 will be described, the other independent elements 31 being identical.
L'élément 31 comprend une branche verticale 32 de positionnement sur une face latérale de l'ossature porteuse 16 de la coque 11 et une branche horizontale 33 de support du pont 2 au cours de son transport. La branche verticale 32 comporte des moyens de guidage sur la jambe 12 correspondante et des moyens de verrouillage sur cette jambe 12.The element 31 comprises a vertical branch 32 for positioning on a lateral face of the support frame 16 of the shell 11 and a horizontal branch 33 for supporting the bridge 2 during its transport. The vertical branch 32 includes guide means on the corresponding leg 12 and locking means on this leg 12.
Les moyens de guidage sont formés par deux rebords opposés 34 ménagés à la partie supérieure de la branche verticale 32 et s'étendant parallèlement à la branche horizontale 33 de l'élément 31. Chaque rebord 34 déter- mine avec ladite branche verticale 32 un logement 35 pour une plaque 21 de la jambe 12 correspondante. Ainsi, chaque élément 31 est guidé sur la jambe 12 correspondante par les plaques 21.The guide means are formed by two opposite flanges 34 formed in the upper part of the vertical branch 32 and extending parallel to the horizontal branch 33 of the element 31. Each flange 34 determines with said vertical branch 32 a housing 35 for a plate 21 of the corresponding leg 12. Thus, each element 31 is guided on the corresponding leg 12 by the plates 21.
Les moyens de verrouillage de chaque élément 31 sont formés, comme représenté à la figure 6, par au moins une contre-crémaillère 36 et, de préférence, par au moins une contre-crémaillère 36 pour chaque plaque 21. La contre-crémaillère 36 est déplaçable par au moins un organe d'actionnement 37 et, de préférence, par deux organes d'actionnement 37 constitués par exemple par des vérins hydrauliques ou pneumatiques afin de déplacer la contre- crémaillère 36 entre une position escamotée et une position de blocage en prise sur l'une des séries de dents 22 de la jambe 12 correspondante. L'ensemble constitué par la contre-crémaillère 36 et les organes d'actionnement 37 est porté par l'élément 31 au moyen d'organes de fixation appropriés, non représentés. De plus, chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 est pourvu d'organes de stabilisation latérale du pont 2 dans la position de support de ce pont 2 et qui sont formés par au moins un vérin hydraulique ou pneumatique 38 à déplacement horizontal disposé par exemple dans la branche verticale 32 dudit élé- ment 31.The locking means of each element 31 are formed, as shown in FIG. 6, by at least one counter-rack 36 and, preferably, by at least one counter-rack 36 for each plate 21. The counter-rack 36 is displaceable by at least one actuating member 37 and, preferably, by two actuating members 37 constituted for example by hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders in order to move the rack 36 between a retracted position and a locked position on one of the series of teeth 22 of the corresponding leg 12. The assembly constituted by the counter-rack 36 and the actuating members 37 is carried by the element 31 by means of suitable fixing members, not shown. In addition, each element 31 of the shuttle 30 is provided with lateral stabilization members of the bridge 2 in the support position of this bridge 2 and which are formed by at least one hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 38 with horizontal displacement arranged for example in the vertical branch 32 of said element 31.
Comme représenté notamment sur les figures 4 et 5, chaque élément 31 est pourvu de deux glissières 39 s'étendant chacune verticalement le long d'un bord latéral de la branche verticale 32. Chaque glissière 39 coopère avec une glissière 40 verticale fixée sur l'ossature 16 au niveau de chaque jambe de levage 12. Les glissières 39 et 40 sont pourvues sur leurs faces en regard d'une garniture glissante formée par exemple par une garniture en "téflon".As shown in particular in Figures 4 and 5, each element 31 is provided with two slides 39 each extending vertically along a lateral edge of the vertical branch 32. Each slide 39 cooperates with a vertical slide 40 fixed on the frame 16 at each lifting leg 12. The slides 39 and 40 are provided on their faces opposite a sliding lining formed for example by a "Teflon" lining.
Enfin, la branche horizontale 33 de chaque élément 31 comporte, sur sa face supérieure, des organes élastiques 41 d'appui du pont 2 de la plateforme pétrolière 1. Ces organes élastiques 41 sont constitués par exemple par des blocs en élastomère ou par exemple par des coussins gonflables ou encore par tout autre système approprié.Finally, the horizontal branch 33 of each element 31 comprises, on its upper face, elastic members 41 for supporting the bridge 2 of the oil platform 1. These elastic members 41 are constituted for example by elastomer blocks or for example by airbags or any other suitable system.
Comme représenté sur la figure 2, la coque 11 est munie sur sa face supérieure, de rails 42 s'étendant dans la même direction que les portions latérales 11a de ladite coque 11 et qui permettent le glissement horizontal du pont 2 lorsque ce dernier a été préalablement placé sur ladite coque 11 entre la position de support sur les éléments 31 de la navette 30 et une position de stockage en dehors de la structure 11 , comme par exemple sur le quai d'un port pour permettre le démontage du pont 2 en toute sécurité pour le personnel ou inversement c'est à dire le transfert du pont 2 du quai sur les éléments 31 de la na- vette 30 pour le transport de ce pont 2 jusqu'au site d'exploitation.As shown in FIG. 2, the hull 11 is provided on its upper face with rails 42 extending in the same direction as the lateral portions 11a of said hull 11 and which allow the horizontal sliding of the deck 2 when the latter has been previously placed on said hull 11 between the support position on the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 and a storage position outside the structure 11, as for example on the quay of a port to allow the disassembly of the deck 2 in all safety for personnel or vice versa, ie the transfer of deck 2 from the quay to the elements 31 of the boat 30 for the transportation of this deck 2 to the operating site.
Enfin, la coque 11 comporte, au niveau de sa partie ouverte, une porte 43 formée par exemple de deux battants 44 déplaçables entre une position ouverte pour le positionnement de la structure 10 au-dessous du pont 2 et une position fermée au cours du transfert dudit pont 2 par la structure 10. Le transport du pont 2 par la structure 10 entre le site d'exploitation et un quai d'un port est réalisé de la façon suivante. Tout d'abord, et comme représenté à la figure 7A, la structure 10, avec les battants 44 en position ouverte, est amenée par flottaison au-dessous du pont 2 de la plate-forme 1 en positionnant la colonne support 3 du pont 2 dans l'espace en forme de U ménagé entre les portions latérales 11a de la coque 11. Au cours de ce positionnement, les jambes de levage 12 sont en position escamotée de telle sorte que les sabots 13 soient disposés au-dessous de la coque 11. Les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont appliqués contre la coque 11 , comme représenté notamment à la figure 2.Finally, the shell 11 has, at its open part, a door 43 formed for example of two leaves 44 movable between an open position for positioning the structure 10 below the deck 2 and a closed position during the transfer of said bridge 2 by the structure 10. The transport of the bridge 2 by the structure 10 between the operating site and a quay of a port is carried out as follows. First of all, and as shown in FIG. 7A, the structure 10, with the leaves 44 in the open position, is brought by floating below the bridge 2 of the platform 1 by positioning the support column 3 of the bridge 2 in the U-shaped space formed between the lateral portions 11a of the shell 11. During this positioning, the lifting legs 12 are in the retracted position so that the shoes 13 are arranged below the shell 11 The elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are applied against the shell 11, as shown in particular in FIG. 2.
Ensuite, les groupes moto-réducteurs 26 sont actionnés pour en- traîner en rotation les pignons 27 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 des plaques 21 de chaque jambe de levage 12 afin d'amener les sabots 13 en contact avec le fond marin 4.Then, the geared motor groups 26 are actuated to rotate the pinions 27 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of each lifting leg 12 in order to bring the shoes 13 into contact with the seabed 4 .
Dès que les sabots 13 sont en contact du fond marin 4, la coque 11 se déplace vers le haut, le long des jambes 12, sous l'effet de l'entraînement en rotation des pignons 27 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 des plaques 21 des jambes de levage 12. En se déplaçant vers le haut, la coque 11 soulève la navette 30 pour appliquer les organes élastiques 41 de chaque élément 31 contre la face inférieure du pont 2. L'entraînement des pignons 27 est arrêté et les contre-crémaillères 36 sont actionnées par les vérins 37 pour que ces contre-crémaillères 36 viennent en prise avec les dents 22 adjacentes afin de verrouiller chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 sur les jambes de levage 12, ainsi que représenté à la figure 7C.As soon as the hooves 13 are in contact with the seabed 4, the hull 11 moves upwards, along the legs 12, under the effect of the drive in rotation of the pinions 27 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 of the plates 21 of the lifting legs 12. By moving upwards, the shell 11 lifts the shuttle 30 to apply the elastic members 41 of each element 31 against the underside of the bridge 2. The drive of the pinions 27 is stopped and the counter-racks 36 are actuated by the jacks 37 so that these counter-racks 36 come into engagement with the adjacent teeth 22 in order to lock each element 31 of the shuttle 30 on the lifting legs 12, as shown in FIG. 7C.
Ensuite, la colonne support 3 est séparée du pont 2 par exemple en coupant les tiges de cette colonne support et l'ensemble constitué par la co- que 11 , 1a navette 30 et le pont 2 est soulevé afin d'écarter le pont 2 de la colonne support 3 qui demeure en position verticale, comme représentée sur la figure 7C.Then, the support column 3 is separated from the bridge 2 for example by cutting the rods of this support column and the assembly constituted by the shell 11, the shuttle 30 and the bridge 2 is lifted in order to separate the bridge 2 from the support column 3 which remains in the vertical position, as shown in FIG. 7C.
Après ces différentes opérations, la coque 11 est descendue en flottaison par l'entraînement en sens inverse des pignons 27 qui engrènent avec les séries de dents 22 (figure 7D) et les pignons 27 sont toujours entraînés en rotation, ce qui provoque, par réaction, du fait de l'enfoncement de la coque 11 dans l'eau, la remontée des jambes de levage 12 (figure 7E), ce qui permet de dégager la coque 11 supportant le pont 2 par l'intermédiaire de la navette 30 du site d'exploitation sur lequel la colonne support 3 est toujours en place, comme montré à la figure 7F.After these various operations, the shell 11 is lowered into flotation by the drive in the opposite direction of the pinions 27 which mesh with the series of teeth 22 (FIG. 7D) and the pinions 27 are always driven in rotation, which causes, by reaction , due to the depression of the shell 11 in the water, the lifting of the lifting legs 12 (FIG. 7E), which makes it possible to clear the hull 11 supporting the deck 2 via the shuttle 30 of the operating site on which the support column 3 is still in place, as shown in Figure 7F.
Ensuite, les jambes de levage 12 sont de nouveau abaissées pour amener les sabots 13 en appui sur le fond marin 4 et la coque 11 est soulevée par l'entraînement en rotation des pignons 27 pour amener cette coque 11 contre les éléments 31 de la navette 30 (figure 7G). Ces éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont déverrouillés en ramenant en position escamotée les contre- crémaillères 36 par l'intermédiaire des vérins 37 et l'ensemble comprenant la co- que 11 , la navette 30 et le pont 2 est abaissé afin d'amener la coque 11 en flottaison, comme illustré à la figure 7H.Then, the lifting legs 12 are again lowered to bring the hooves 13 in abutment on the seabed 4 and the hull 11 is lifted by the rotation drive of the pinions 27 to bring this hull 11 against the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 (Figure 7G). These elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are unlocked by bringing the counter-racks 36 into the retracted position by means of the jacks 37 and the assembly comprising the shell 11, the shuttle 30 and the bridge 2 is lowered in order to bring the hull 11 in flotation, as illustrated in FIG. 7H.
Au cours des déplacements des éléments 31 de la navette 30 par rapport à la coque 11 , ces éléments 31 sont guidés par les rebords 34 de la branche verticale 32 et par les glissières 39 et 40. Au cours du transport, la stabilisation latérale du pont 2 est assurée par les vérins 38 de chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 qui sont en contact avec les faces latérales du pont 2.During the movement of the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 relative to the hull 11, these elements 31 are guided by the flanges 34 of the vertical branch 32 and by the slides 39 and 40. During transport, the lateral stabilization of the bridge 2 is provided by the jacks 38 of each element 31 of the shuttle 30 which are in contact with the lateral faces of the deck 2.
La coque 11 supportant le pont 2 est amenée par flottaison (figure 71) jusqu'à un quai d'un port (figure 7J) et les jambes de levage 12 sont appli- quées sur le fond pour stabiliser cette coque 11. Les vérins 38 sont rétractés et une pièce de liaison 6 est placée entre la coque 11 et le quai pour assurer une continuité entre la surface de cette coque 11 et ledit quai. Ensuite, le pont 2 est déchargé sur ce quai en le faisant par exemple glisser sur les rails 42.The hull 11 supporting the deck 2 is brought by buoyancy (FIG. 71) to a quay of a port (FIG. 7J) and the lifting legs 12 are applied to the bottom to stabilize this hull 11. The jacks 38 are retracted and a connecting piece 6 is placed between the shell 11 and the platform to ensure continuity between the surface of this shell 11 and said platform. Then, the bridge 2 is unloaded on this quay by sliding it, for example, on the rails 42.
Le transport du pont 2 par la structure 10 entre le quai du port et le site d'exploitation est réalisé en effectuant les opérations inverses qui sont mentionnées brièvement ci-dessous.The transport of the bridge 2 by the structure 10 between the quay of the port and the operating site is carried out by carrying out the reverse operations which are briefly mentioned below.
Tout d'abord, la structure de transport 10 est amenée par flottaison à proximité du quai et les jambes de levage 12 sont appliquées sur le fond pour stabiliser la coque 11. La liaison entre la surface de la coque 11 et le quai est assurée par la pièce 6 et le pont 2 est transféré du quai sur les éléments 31 de la navette 30 en le faisant glisser sur les rails 42. Ensuite, le pont 2 est stabilisé latéralement sur les éléments 31 de la navette 6 au moyen des vérins 38 de chaque élément 31 , puis la pièce de liaison 35 est enlevée et les jambes de levage 12 sont remontées.First of all, the transport structure 10 is brought by floatation near the quay and the lifting legs 12 are applied to the bottom to stabilize the hull 11. The connection between the surface of the hull 11 and the quay is ensured by the part 6 and the bridge 2 is transferred from the quay to the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 by sliding it on the rails 42. Then, the bridge 2 is stabilized laterally on the elements 31 of the shuttle 6 by means of the jacks 38 of each element 31, then the connecting piece 35 is removed and the lifting legs 12 are raised.
La structure 10 supportant le pont 2 est amenée par flottaison jusqu'à proximité du site d'exploitation et les jambes de levage 12 sont appliquées sur le fond marin de façon à soulever le pont 2 par l'intermédiaire de la coque 11 et de la navette 30.The structure 10 supporting the deck 2 is brought by flotation to the vicinity of the operating site and the lifting legs 12 are applied to the seabed so as to raise the deck 2 by means of the hull 11 and the shuttle 30.
Les éléments 31 de la navette 30 sont verrouillés sur les jambes de levage 12 par l'intermédiaire des contre-crémaillères 36 qui sont actionnées par les vérins 37 afin que ces contre-crémaillères 36 viennent en prise avec les dents 22 adjacentes et de ce fait verrouiller chaque élément 31 de la navette 30 sur les jambes de levage 12.The elements 31 of the shuttle 30 are locked on the lifting legs 12 by means of the counter-racks 36 which are actuated by the jacks 37 so that these counter-racks 36 come into engagement with the adjacent teeth 22 and therefore lock each element 31 of the shuttle 30 on the lifting legs 12.
La coque 11 est amenée en flottaison et les jambes 12 de la structure 11 sont relevées. Le pont 2 est amené au-dessus de la colonne support 3 de la plate-forme pétrolière 1 et les jambes de levage 12 de la structure 10 sont de nouveau appliquées sur le fond marin. La coque 11 est levée pour l'amener au contact des éléments 31 de la navette 30 et ces éléments 31 sont déverrouillés, puis la coque 11 , la navette 30 et le pont 2 sont descendus afin de poser ce pont 2 sur la colonne support 3. Le pont 2 est fixé sur la colonne support 3 et la coque 11 et la navette 30 sont descendues pour amener ladite coque 11 en flottaison, puis les jambes de levage 12 relevées.The hull 11 is brought into flotation and the legs 12 of the structure 11 are raised. The bridge 2 is brought above the support column 3 of the oil platform 1 and the lifting legs 12 of the structure 10 are again applied to the seabed. The shell 11 is lifted to bring it into contact with the elements 31 of the shuttle 30 and these elements 31 are unlocked, then the shell 11, the shuttle 30 and the bridge 2 are lowered in order to place this bridge 2 on the support column 3 The bridge 2 is fixed to the support column 3 and the hull 11 and the shuttle 30 are lowered to bring said hull 11 into flotation, then the lifting legs 12 raised.
La structure 10 est ensuite retirée du site d'exploitation.The structure 10 is then removed from the operating site.
La structure selon l'invention présente l'avantage de pouvoir transporter l'ensemble du pont de la plate-forme pétrolière directement du site d'exploitation sur un site fixe où son démontage peut être effectué en toute sécurité, sans risque de pollution du milieu marin ou inversement entre un site fixe et un site d'exploitation où le pont est fixé sur sa colonne support.The structure according to the invention has the advantage of being able to transport the entire deck of the oil platform directly from the exploitation site to a fixed site where its disassembly can be carried out safely, without risk of environmental pollution marine or vice versa between a fixed site and an operating site where the bridge is fixed on its support column.
De plus, les différentes étapes de transfert et de transport sont réalisées sans aucune opération de ballastage, permettant ainsi de réaliser un gain de temps important, ce qui est appréciable dans des régions où les conditions atmosphériques sont très rapidement changeantes. Enfin, les opérations de transfert du pont entre la structure de transport et le quai ou inversement sont facilitées du fait que la coque de la structure de transport se trouve au niveau de ce quai. In addition, the various stages of transfer and transport are carried out without any ballasting operation, thus making it possible to save a significant amount of time, which is appreciable in regions where the atmospheric conditions are very rapidly changing. Finally, the operations of transferring the bridge between the transport structure and the quay or vice versa are facilitated by the fact that the hull of the transport structure is located at this quay.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Structure de transport, d'installation et de démantèlement d'un pont (2) d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe (1 ) d'exploitation en mer, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte : - une coque (11 ) flottante en forme de U équipée d'au moins trois jambes de levage (12) de cette coque (11 ) et adaptées pour prendre appui sur le fond marin, chaque jambe de levage (12) étant associée à des moyens mécaniques (20) de déplacement, et1. Transport, installation and dismantling structure of a bridge (2) of a fixed oil platform (1) for exploitation at sea, characterized in that it comprises: - a hull (11) floating U-shaped fitted with at least three lifting legs (12) of this hull (11) and adapted to bear on the seabed, each lifting leg (12) being associated with mechanical means (20) of displacement, and
- une navette (30) déplaçable le long des jambes de levage (12) par la coque (11 ) et destinée à être appliquée sur la face inférieure du pont (2) dans une position de support dudit pont, ladite navette (30) étant munie de moyens (36, 37) de verrouillage sur les jambes de levage (12).- A shuttle (30) movable along the lifting legs (12) by the hull (11) and intended to be applied to the underside of the bridge (2) in a support position of said bridge, said shuttle (30) being provided with locking means (36, 37) on the lifting legs (12).
2. Structure selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que les moyens mécaniques (20) de déplacement comprennent, d'une part, deux pla- ques opposées (21 ), portées par la jambe de levage (12) correspondante et comportant chacune sur chaque face latérale une série de dents (22) et, d'autre part, au moins deux ensembles (25) opposés, portés par la coque (11 ) et formés chacun par un pignon (27) entraîné en rotation et coopérant avec l'une des séries de dents (22). 2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical means (20) for displacement comprise, on the one hand, two opposite plates (21), carried by the corresponding lifting leg (12) and each comprising on each lateral face a series of teeth (22) and, on the other hand, at least two opposite sets (25), carried by the shell (11) and each formed by a pinion (27) driven in rotation and cooperating with the one of the series of teeth (22).
3. Structure selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la navette (30) est formée d'au moins trois éléments indépendants (31 ), associés chacun à une jambe de levage (12) par des moyens (34) de guidage et comportant des organes (38) de stabilisation latérale du pont (2) dans la position de support de ce pont. 3. Structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shuttle (30) is formed of at least three independent elements (31), each associated with a lifting leg (12) by means (34) for guiding and comprising members (38) for lateral stabilization of the bridge (2) in the support position of this bridge.
4. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément (31 ) de la navette (30) comprend une branche verticale (32) de positionnement sur la coque (11 ) et comportant les moyens (34) de guidage et les moyens (36, 37) de verrouillage et une branche horizontale (33) de support du pont (2). 4. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each element (31) of the shuttle (30) comprises a vertical branch (32) for positioning on the hull (11) and comprising the means (34) of guide and the locking means (36, 37) and a horizontal branch (33) for supporting the bridge (2).
5. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de guidage sont formés par deux rebords (24) opposés, déterminant chacun avec la branche verticale (32) un logement (35) pour une plaque (21 ) de la jambe de levage (12) correspondante.5. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guide means are formed by two flanges (24) opposite, each determining with the vertical branch (32) a housing (35) for a plate (21) of the corresponding lifting leg (12).
6. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de verrouillage comprennent au moins une contre-crémaillère (36) déplaçable par au moins un organe d'actionnement (37) entre une position escamotée et une position de blocage en prise sur l'une des séries de dents (22) de la jambe de levage (12) correspondante.6. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking means comprise at least one rack (36) movable by at least one actuating member (37) between a retracted position and a position of locking in engagement on one of the series of teeth (22) of the corresponding lifting leg (12).
7. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précéden- tes, caractérisée en ce que les organes de stabilisation comprennent, pour cha- que élément (31 ) de la navette (30), au moins un vérin (38) hydraulique ou pneumatique à déplacement horizontal.7. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stabilization members comprise, for each element (31) of the shuttle (30), at least one hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder (38) with horizontal displacement.
8. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque élément (21 ) de la navette (30) comporte au moins une glissière (39) montée sur la branche verticale (32) et destinée à coo- pérer avec une glissière (40) montée sur la coque (11 ).8. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each element (21) of the shuttle (30) comprises at least one slide (39) mounted on the vertical branch (32) and intended to co-operate with a slide (40) mounted on the shell (11).
9. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la branche horizontale (33) de chaque élément (31 ) de la navette (30) comporte, sur sa face supérieure, des organes élastiques (41 ) d'appui du pont (2). 9. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the horizontal branch (33) of each element (31) of the shuttle (30) comprises, on its upper face, elastic members (41) for support from the bridge (2).
10. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la coque (11) comporte des rails (42) de glissement horizontal du pont (2) entre la position de support sur les éléments (31 ) de la navette (30) et une position de stockage en dehors desdits éléments (31 ) de la navette. 10. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hull (11) comprises rails (42) for horizontal sliding of the bridge (2) between the support position on the elements (31) of the shuttle ( 30) and a storage position outside said elements (31) of the shuttle.
11. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la coque (11 ) comporte, au niveau de sa partie ouverte, une porte (43, 44) déplaçable entre une position ouverte pour le positionnement de la structure au-dessous du pont (2) et une position fermée au cours du transport dudit pont (2). 11. Structure according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shell (11) comprises, at its open part, a door (43, 44) movable between an open position for positioning the structure au- below the bridge (2) and a closed position during the transport of said bridge (2).
12. Procédé de démantèlement et de transport d'un pont (2) d'une plate-forme pétrolière fixe (1 ) d'un site d'exploitation jusqu'à un quai de démontage du pont (2), caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste en les étapes suivantes : - à disposer au-dessous du pont (2) une structure de transport (10) comportant une coque (11 ) flottante en forme de U équipée d'au moins trois jambes de levage (12) de cette coque (11 ) et d'une navette (30) déplaçable le long de ces jambes de levage (12) par ladite coque (11 ), - à appliquer les jambes de levage (12) sur le fond marin,12. Method for dismantling and transporting a bridge (2) of a fixed oil platform (1) from an operating site to a bridge dismantling quay (2), characterized in that '' it consists of the following stages: - To have below the deck (2) a transport structure (10) comprising a hull (11) floating in the shape of a U equipped with at least three lifting legs (12) of this hull (11) and a shuttle (30) movable along these lifting legs (12) by said shell (11), - applying the lifting legs (12) to the seabed,
- à lever la coque (11 ) et la navette (30) pour amener ladite navette (30) au contact du pont (2),- lifting the hull (11) and the shuttle (30) to bring said shuttle (30) into contact with the deck (2),
- à séparer le pont (2) de sa colonne support (3),- to separate the bridge (2) from its support column (3),
- à soulever le pont (2) par l'intermédiaire de la coque (11) et de la navette (30),- lifting the deck (2) via the hull (11) and the shuttle (30),
- à verrouiller la navette (30) sur les jambes de levage (12) de la structure (10) et à stabiliser latéralement le pont (2) sur la navette (30),- locking the shuttle (30) on the lifting legs (12) of the structure (10) and laterally stabilizing the bridge (2) on the shuttle (30),
- à abaisser la coque (11 ) pour l'amener en flottaison,- lower the hull (11) to bring it into waterline,
- à poursuivre la descente de la coque (11 ) pour provoquer par réaction la remontée des jambes de levage (12) de la structure (10),- continuing the descent of the hull (11) to cause the reaction to raise the lifting legs (12) of the structure (10),
- à déplacer la structure (10) supportant le pont (2) pour dégager ledit pont (2) de la colonne support (3),- moving the structure (10) supporting the bridge (2) to disengage said bridge (2) from the support column (3),
- à appliquer les jambes de levage (12) sur le fond marin et à lever la coque (11 ) pour l'amener au contact de la navette (30), - à déverrouiller la navette (30) des jambes de levage (12) de la structure (10),- applying the lifting legs (12) to the seabed and lifting the hull (11) to bring it into contact with the shuttle (30), - unlocking the shuttle (30) from the lifting legs (12) structure (10),
- à abaisser la coque (11 ) supportant la navette (30) et le pont (2) pour l'amener en flottaison,- lower the hull (11) supporting the shuttle (30) and the deck (2) to bring it into waterline,
- à relever les jambes de levage (12) de la structure (10), - à amener par flottaison la structure (10) supportant le pont (2) jusqu'au quai de démontage,- to raise the lifting legs (12) of the structure (10), - to bring the structure (10) supporting the bridge (2) by flotation to the dismantling platform,
- à appliquer les jambes de levage (12) sur le fond pour stabiliser la coque (11 ),- applying the lifting legs (12) to the bottom to stabilize the hull (11),
- à libérer le pont (2) de la structure (10), - à assurer la liaison entre la surface de la coque (11 ) et le quai, et- releasing the deck (2) from the structure (10), - ensuring the connection between the surface of the hull (11) and the quay, and
- à décharger sur le quai le pont (2). - to unload the deck (2) on the quay.
13. Procédé de transport et d'installation d'un pont (2) d'une plateforme pétrolière fixe (1 ) d'un quai jusqu' à un site d'exploitation, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste en les étapes suivantes :13. Method for transporting and installing a bridge (2) of a fixed oil platform (1) from a quay to an operating site, characterized in that it consists of the following stages:
- à amener par flottaison à proximité du quai une structure de transport (10) comportant une coque (11 ) flottante en forme de U équipée d'au moins trois jambes de levage (12) de cette coque (11 ) et d'une navette (30) déplaçable le long de ces jambes de levage (12) par ladite coque (11 ),- Bringing a transport structure (10) by floating near the quay comprising a floating U-shaped hull (11) equipped with at least three lifting legs (12) of this hull (11) and a shuttle (30) movable along these lifting legs (12) by said shell (11),
- à appliquer les jambes de levage (12) sur le fond pour stabiliser la coque (11 ), - à assurer la liaison entre la surface de la coque (11 ) et le quai,- applying the lifting legs (12) to the bottom to stabilize the hull (11), - ensuring the connection between the hull surface (11) and the quay,
- à transférer le pont (2) du quai sur la navette (30) de la structure (10) et à stabiliser latéralement le pont (2) sur cette navette (30),- transferring the bridge (2) from the platform to the shuttle (30) of the structure (10) and laterally stabilizing the bridge (2) on this shuttle (30),
- à remonter les jambes de levage (12),- to raise the lifting legs (12),
- à amener par flottaison la structure (10) jusqu'à proximité du site d'exploitation, à appliquer les jambes de levage (12) sur le fond marin, à soulever le pont (2) par l'intermédiaire de la coque (11 ) et la navette (30),- Bringing the structure (10) by float to the vicinity of the operating site, applying the lifting legs (12) to the seabed, lifting the deck (2) via the hull (11 ) and the shuttle (30),
- à verrouiller la navette (30) sur les jambes de levage (12) de la structure (10) et à descendre la coque (11 ) pour l'amener en flottaison,- locking the shuttle (30) on the lifting legs (12) of the structure (10) and lowering the hull (11) to bring it into buoyancy,
- à relever les jambes de levage (12) de la structure (10),- lifting the lifting legs (12) of the structure (10),
- à amener le pont (2) au-dessus d'une colonne support (3) de la plate-forme pétrolière (1) et à appliquer les jambes de levage (12) sur le fond marin, - à lever la coque (11 ) pour l'amener au contact de la navette (30) et à déverrouiller ladite navette (30),- to bring the bridge (2) above a support column (3) of the oil platform (1) and to apply the lifting legs (12) to the seabed, - to lift the hull (11 ) to bring it into contact with the shuttle (30) and to unlock said shuttle (30),
- à descendre la coque (11 ), la navette (30) et le pont (2) pour poser ce pont (2) sur la colonne support (3),- lower the hull (11), the shuttle (30) and the bridge (2) to place this bridge (2) on the support column (3),
- à fixer le pont (2) sur la colonne support (3), - à descendre la coque (11 ) et la navette (30) pour amener ladite coque (11 ) en flottaison,- fixing the bridge (2) on the support column (3), - lowering the hull (11) and the shuttle (30) to bring said hull (11) into waterline,
- à relever les jambes de levage (12) de la structure (10), et - à retirer la structure (10) du site d'exploitation. - lifting the lifting legs (12) of the structure (10), and - to remove the structure (10) from the operating site.
EP03722695A 2002-03-22 2003-03-06 Structure for the transport, installation and dismantlement of a bridge of a fixed oil platform and method for implementing said structure Expired - Lifetime EP1487693B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0203637 2002-03-22
FR0203637A FR2837461B1 (en) 2002-03-22 2002-03-22 TRANSPORT, INSTALLATION AND DISMANTLING STRUCTURE OF A BRIDGE OF A FIXED OIL PLATFORM AND METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING SUCH A STRUCTURE
PCT/FR2003/000723 WO2003080425A1 (en) 2002-03-22 2003-03-06 Structure for the transport, installation and dismantlement of a bridge of a fixed oil platform and method for implementing said structure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1487693A1 true EP1487693A1 (en) 2004-12-22
EP1487693B1 EP1487693B1 (en) 2007-05-09

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EP03722695A Expired - Lifetime EP1487693B1 (en) 2002-03-22 2003-03-06 Structure for the transport, installation and dismantlement of a bridge of a fixed oil platform and method for implementing said structure

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US7513713B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1487693B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE361871T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003229859A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60313755D1 (en)
DK (1) DK1487693T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2837461B1 (en)
NO (1) NO330967B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003080425A1 (en)

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US20050158125A1 (en) 2005-07-21
NO20043773L (en) 2004-11-17
ATE361871T1 (en) 2007-06-15
FR2837461A1 (en) 2003-09-26
DK1487693T3 (en) 2007-09-17
DE60313755D1 (en) 2007-06-21
AU2003229859A1 (en) 2003-10-08
US7513713B2 (en) 2009-04-07
NO330967B1 (en) 2011-08-29
FR2837461B1 (en) 2004-06-18
EP1487693B1 (en) 2007-05-09
WO2003080425A1 (en) 2003-10-02

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