Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
  • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
  • G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
  • G01S15/8906—Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
  • G01S15/899—Combination of imaging systems with ancillary equipment

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a hardware and software package for ultrasound imaging. For simplicity, this set will be called “pack” later.
• ultrasound imaging Since its introduction, before the end of the 1970s, ultrasound imaging has evolved considerably. However, the general architecture of electronic imaging equipment has remained more or less unchanged since the use of scanning electron probes began in the late 1970s, this equipment being called an ultrasound system.
• An ultrasound system is a complete device, which operates independently, with its own power supply. Some ultrasound systems are bulky and mounted on large casters, others, less bulky, are portable and equipped with handles for this purpose.
• high-end devices are bulky and / or very expensive, because, in order to be able to produce good quality images in real time, they must include probes with a large number of sensors (preferably at least 64 sensors), and consequently, a large number of circuits for processing the signals from these sensors (amplification circuits for each of the channels, circuits for separating the transmission signals from the reception signals, channel formation circuits - also called circuit formation circuits beams, black and white imaging processors, Doppler imaging processors, image converters - called “scan converters", ).
• the echoes are processed (amplified by low noise amplifiers with an amplification level which varies over time to compensate for the propagation losses) in “front” circuits (called “FEC” in English, that is to say say “Front End Conditioning”) which include a circuit for separating the transmission signals, which are of high level, from those of reception, which have a low level.
• FEC Front End Conditioning
• These FEC circuits are generally followed by analog / digital converters, themselves followed by a beam former. It should be noted that at the input of the beam formatter, the data flow is of the order of 20 Gbits / s for 64 signal channels to be processed. This processing can only be carried out with specialized processors designed for this purpose.
• US Pat. No. 5,957,846 discloses a compact ultrasound system in which the FEC circuits and the beam former are incorporated in the probe housing, and are connected by a link, not described, to a portable microcomputer.
• the known device uses special components, the CCDs, which make it possible to produce delays in analog form, in a more efficient way than the traditional LC circuits allow. Only one analog / digital converter is required.
• This solution although making it possible to obtain a particularly compact device, has all the drawbacks of devices with analog channel formation, especially in this which concerns the dynamics of the signal processed, and prohibits processing between images.
• the subject of the present invention is an ultrasound imaging “pack” which is as modular and scalable as possible, which makes it possible to easily associate ultrasound with other types of examinations, and this, at the lowest cost, and without affect the quality of these exams.
• the ultrasonic imaging assembly according to the invention consists of a hardware part for ultrasound imaging pre-processing and a software part, intended to be installed on a microcomputer, the hardware part including at least an ultrasonic probe connected to an electronic circuit module of which at least part is configurable, this module comprising analog FEC circuits, analog / digital converters, a network of logic electronic gates and a high-speed link between this module and the microphone -computer, the software part being stored on a removable medium.
• the network of electronic doors is configurable by software in specialized computers for training channels, in distributed memory, in digital filters, demodulator and control interface.
• the software part configures the configurable elements of the hardware part and installs on the microcomputer programs for calculating and presenting ultrasound imaging data.
• the programs installed on the microcomputer comprise programs for the production of ultrasound images in gray levels and / or Doppler images in color, and / or for the production of continuous Doppler information and / or display of control buttons for treatment parameters and / or merge treatments with external data.
• the analog / digital converter is of the Sigma-Delta type configurable by software.
• the network of electronic gates comprises circuits of the Field Programmable Gâte Arrays type.
• the broadband link transmits several digital channels.
• the broadband link is of the IEEE1394 type.
• the matrix and software assembly is incorporated into a medical instrumentation assembly.
• the instrumentation assembly includes surgical or microsurgery equipment.
• the medical instrumentation assembly includes devices providing medical data complementary to the ultrasonic data.
• the complementary medical data comprise at least one of the following kinds of data: data from optical cameras, data from diagnosis and gynecological and / or cardiac monitoring.
• FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of an ultrasound system according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 is a detailed block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the ultrasound system of FIG. 2.
• the prior art ultrasound system shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 comprises a multi-element probe 1 which is an acoustic antenna placed in contact with the body to be observed.
• a multi-element probe 1 which is an acoustic antenna placed in contact with the body to be observed.
• antennas There are several types of such antennas, which are generally classified into three categories: mechanical antennas, so-called “phased arrays” and linear scanning antennas called “linear antennas”. The last two categories are called “electronic”.
• the signals received from a point on the body by the various elementary sensors undergo special processing compensating for their propagation losses and their delays. These delays are calculated so that all the ultrasonic emissions from each of the elementary sensors arrive in phase on the body explored by the probe, and that all the signals reflected by this body are added in phase.
• a delay law varying linearly along the antenna, which is plane, is added to the parabolic law, which makes it possible to converge the ultrasonic beam emitted by the probe outside its axis, and collect echoes from points located along an axis corresponding to the delay between each elementary sensor.
• the series of echoes collected over time in a given direction is called a line or a path.
• the ultrasound image, which is displayed on a display screen 2, consists of all the lines covering the surface of the body to be observed.
• the probe 1 is followed by a multiplexer 3, itself followed by a set 4 of circuits called "Front End Conditioning” (FEC).
• FEC Front End Conditioning
• This assembly 4 is responsible for transmitting to the probe 1 the ultrasonic observation signals and for collecting the echoes perceived by the probe 1 by amplifying them using low noise amplifiers, with a level of amplification which varies with the time to compensate for the propagation losses of the ultrasonic signal.
• This set 4 also includes the circuit for separating transmission signals, which are of high level, from reception signals (echoes), which are of low level.
• the FEC 4 is followed by a set 5 of analog / digital converters comprising at most as many converters as there are analog channels (i.e. as many as there are elementary sensors in the probe 1 ).
• the digital signals coming from the various converters of the set 5 are processed (filtered, delayed and added) by a circuit 6 called “beam former” or “channel former” (“Beam Former” in English), this circuit 6 constituting an echo pre-processor.
• Beam former or “channel former” (“Beam Former” in English
• Beam former channel former
• the parameter n of the number of signals added simultaneously (and less than or equal to the number of elementary sensors of the probe 1) during the formation of beams is a very important parameter of an ultrasound system.
• the quality of the image observed, and in particular its contrast, is directly linked to this parameter n. Indeed, if we consider that an echo coming from a point on the body to which the probe is applied gives a signal of amplitude A on one of the elementary sensors of the probe, the amplitude of the signal at the output of the circuit channel formation is nA for this single echo. This signal will be n times stronger than the signals which do not arrive at the same time as it.
• the beam former 6 is followed by several specialized processors, namely a black and white imaging processor 7, a blood turbulence detection processor (known as “Color Flow Mapping”) 8 and a Doppler processor 9.
• the processor 7 produces the traditional grayscale ultrasound image, in which the intensity of each point of the image is a function of the amplitude of the corresponding echo.
• the processor 7 detects this amplitude, performs various treatments to avoid "speckle” (speckle) due to interference between multiple echoes and performs dynamic compression to make the signal suitable for being displayed on the screen 2 whose dynamics are limited .
• the Doppler imaging processor 8 calculates, for each of the points of the image, a value of the average of the frequency variation of the echo, corresponding to an average speed of the blood. Doppler images are generally superimposed on the black and white image in color coded form. We then speak of a color image.
• the processor 9 provides the full spectrum of Doppler frequency variations, which gives an indication of whether or not the blood flow is turbulent.
• the three processors 7 to 9 are connected to an image converter (“Scan Converter”) 10, which transforms the collected signal arriving along lines forming a sector into a video image observable on a screen.
• the known ultrasound system also includes a control panel 11 provided with a keyboard 12 and control buttons 13, for controlling the monitor 2 and allowing the user to choose and modify the parameters of the machine, via a controller and timer 14 which controls the processors 6 to 9.
• the ultrasound system includes various peripherals such as memories 15, and an image recorder (video recorder, DVD recorder, etc.), a reprographic device for printing images faithful to those displayed on the screen of the monitor 2, ... (not shown in FIG. 1).
• FIG. 2 shows the main elements of the hardware and software assembly 16 according to the invention.
• the hardware part comprises an electronic probe 17, with 128 channels for example, advantageously provided with a demultiplexer, for example, a 128 ⁇ 64 demultiplexer (with 64 output channels for the present example of 128 incoming channels) connected by a cable 17A to a module 18 of customizable circuits, described in more detail with reference to FIG. 3.
• This module 18 essentially comprises analog FEC circuits 19, a set of n analog / digital converters 20, a beam forming device 21, a control device 22 and a high speed output interface 23 (for example of the IEEE1394 type).
• the device 22 controls the devices 19, 20, 21 and 23.
• the interface 23 is connected by a high speed link 24 to a suitable microcomputer 25, which can be, for example, a portable PC and of which the hardware part does not have to undergo any modification.
• the link 24 transmits from the module 18 several digital channels to the PC 25.
• the assembly 16 also includes a software part, which is for example stored on a CD-ROM 26, or on any other storage medium removable (DVD-ROM, removable hard disk, ...) and an installation and user guide (with, if necessary, a test and maintenance guide) which can be printed, or, preferably, stored on the removable support 26.
• the software part can be easily installed on the PC 25, whose characteristics (sufficient memory and fast processor) allow the software to be used optimally.
• the installation of the pack of the invention consists in establishing the electrical connections between the components (between the elements 17, 18 and the PC 25) and launching the software when the CD-ROM 26 has been inserted in the corresponding drive of the PC .
• This software controls the configuration of the various configurable circuits of the module 18 as a function of the probe used, according to the treatments to be carried out, as well as the configuration of the PC so that it can receive the channels formed by the beam former 21, the filter and detect them, convert them to video images, display them on its display screen, do Doppler calculations, generate Doppler images, and perform all other necessary processing.
• the user thus has access to all aspects of the ultrasound imaging data that he will use according to his own needs: conventional ultrasound imaging by applying the chosen probe to the body to be viewed or recovery of raw data coming from the probe, or partially processed data, with a view to merging it with other types of data.
• the application program of the software part includes not only the operating parameters of the module 18 (waveforms of the signals passing through the various circuits of this block, excitation voltages of the elementary sensors of the probe, filtering parameters, ...), but also and above all the very structure of data processing, and therefore the very structure of data processing, and therefore the very structure of the pre-processor formed by module 18.
• the pack of the invention thus has the advantage of a low development cost, and above all a low manufacturing cost, and this, for high performance.
• the hardware development is limited to the card supporting the circuits of module 18.
• This pack is connected to a probe traditional, but can also use specific probes.
• the PC 25 is of a commonly available type (for example a 700 MHz processor, a RAM memory with a capacity of 128 Mbits, a CR-ROM reader, and a 10 GB hard disk).
• the PC can be optimized simply by loading the appropriate software from the removable medium 26, and as soon as new processing algorithms appear, these can be loaded into the PC without having to physically modify the module 18.
• the pack of the invention can be used in very varied configurations and applications, thus allowing de facto standardization of its hardware part.
• it will usually not be necessary to develop new hardware, but simply new software.
• Any new antenna processing algorithms can also be implemented by software update, for example to be able to use adaptive antennas.
• the pack of the invention is advantageously incorporated into a set of medical instruments, which includes surgical or microsurgery equipment.
• This medical instrumentation set includes devices providing medical data complementary to ultrasound data.
• This additional medical data is for example optical camera data and / or diagnostic and gynecological and / or cardiac monitoring data.
• FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the pack 16.
• This pack essentially comprises three parts, which are the probe 17, the module 18 and the software part 26A installed in the PC.
• the probe 17 comprises a set 27 of piezoelectric sensors, a multiplexer 28 and a memory 29 in which the characteristic parameters of the probe and its identity are stored.
• the probe 17 is connected by a cable comprising a connector 30 to the module 18 which comprises five main sub-assemblies: FEC circuits 31, an analog-digital converter 32, beam forming circuits 33, circuits 34 of distributed memory, of control, demodulation, and interface, and an interface 35 for connection to the PC.
• the circuits 31 to 35 correspond respectively to the elements 19 to 23 of FIG. 2.
• the module 18 also comprises a high voltage supply 36 supplying the circuits 31, digital / analog converters 37 controlling the amplifiers of the sub-assembly 31, modules of forming additional beams 38 identical to the module 33, which are also connected to the output of the set of converters 32, a buffer memory 39 and a microcontroller 40 connected to the sub-assembly 34.
• the FEC sub-assembly 31 includes an ultrasonic pulse generator 41 supplied by the supply 36 and connected on the one hand by the connector 30 to the probe 17, and on the other hand by a diplexer 42 to amplification circuits 43. These amplification circuits are controlled by the PC program (by a link not shown) via the converters 37.
• the beam former 33 comprises on the one hand a circuit 44 for controlling the pulse generator 41, and d on the other hand a digital signal processing chain connected to the output of the converter 32 and successively consisting of an offset compensator 45, a coarse delay circuit 46, a circuit 47 for processing scanning lines multiples, of a circuit 48 of apodization and amplification, of two circuits in parallel 49, 50 of addition of zero phase (without phase shift) and phase shift of 180 °, respectively, and of a circuit 51 in cascade addition. Circuit 51 is also connected to the output of circuits 38.
• the sub-assembly 34 comprises, in the order of progression of the signals which it processes: a circuit 52 of interpolation and addition connected to the output of the circuit 51, a filter 53 with variable characteristics and with decimation, a filter high pass 54 whose output is connected to three circuits at the same time: a filter 55 with Hubert transform and decimation, a circuit 56 of delay and decimation, and a mixer 57 followed by a low pass filter with decimation 58 and of an accumulator with decimator 59.
• the outputs of circuits 55, 56 and 59 are connected to an interface and control circuit 60.
• the circuit 60 is bidirectionally connected to the memory 39, to the microcontroller 40, to the high-speed interface 35 and to a circuit 61 for controlling and monitoring the power supply 36.
• the functions provided by the different blocks of the subsets of modules 17 and 18 are known per se and will not be described in detail here.
• FIG. 3 also shows, in the form of function blocks, the software part 26A of the pack of the invention when it is installed on the PC 25 and operational.
• the software part configures the configurable elements of the hardware part and installs on the micro- computer 25 programs for calculating and presenting ultrasound imaging data.
• This software part 26A comprises as input a processing function 62 in mode B, in mode M, of color Doppler and of pulse Doppler, and a function 63 of configuration of the configurable circuits of the module 18.
• These two functions 62 and 63 communicate with the module 18 via interface 35.
• Function 62 exchanges data in both directions with module 18, while function 63 sends configuration commands and the corresponding data to module 18.
• Function 62 commands a display and user interface function 64.
• This function 64 produces the display on the PC screen of the images processed by the function 62, and on the other hand transmits the raw or processed data coming from the module 18 to a measurement function 65 and to a function 66 for controlling the peripheral equipment 67 and data exchange equipment transmitted by an interface 68, which can be, for example, an Internet type interface.
• the subassemblies 33 and 34 are made up of programmable FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) circuits made up of logic gates, for example circuits from the company Xilinx.
• FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
• input multiplexers are added which make it possible to use either "phased array” type probes of 64 sensors or 128 sensors, linear or curved probes of 128, 192 or 256 sensors.
• the analog / digital converters 32 are not complete: ultra-fast, but shallow "depth” converters are used (that is to say at least a definition of the data on 1 bit of given and 1 sign bit).
• ultra-fast, but shallow "depth” converters are used (that is to say at least a definition of the data on 1 bit of given and 1 sign bit).
• the maximum frequencies of ultrasound signals are around 15 MHz.
• the minimum depth of the information from the sensors is 10 bits and 1 sign bit, and the embodiment described here uses said ultra-fast converters, operating at clock frequencies of a few hundred MHz.
• a computation algorithm called “Sigma-Delta” makes it possible to use the oversampling to calculate the missing depth bits.
• This algorithm can be implemented in the FGPA gate network of module 18, in software form, that is to say by orders from the PC and passing through interface 35.
• the configurability of the pack of the invention extends to analog / digital converter.
• the converter 32 is produced using circuits with a clock frequency of approximately 300 MHz, but a few bits deep (for example 8 bits). By calculation, these 8-bit converters are transformed into 11-bit converters with a clock frequency of approximately 33 MHz.
• the advantage lies in the large reduction in the number of outputs of the converter which has to be connected to the inputs of the sub-assembly 33, which makes it possible to very considerably reduce the space requirement. of module 18.
• the probe comprises several lines of sensors. It is said to be of the 1.5 D type. Of course, to be able to connect such a probe, it is necessary to equip the module 18 with an appropriate specific connector. By loading into module 18 a corresponding operating software, it is possible to obtain images with elevation path formation.
• a two-dimensional probe is used, that is to say comprising a network of 2D ultrasonic sensors.
• the size of the FECs is increased, which is a function of the total number of elementary sensors of the probe.
• the beam forming function only comprises a few complementary circuits.

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• Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
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• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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• 2002
  • 2002-03-13 FR FR0203122A patent/FR2837285B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2003
  • 2003-03-07 US US10/506,870 patent/US20050119574A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-03-07 EP EP03743914A patent/EP1483599A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2003-03-07 AU AU2003232286A patent/AU2003232286A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-03-07 KR KR10-2004-7014165A patent/KR20040111391A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-03-07 JP JP2003575136A patent/JP2005526551A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-03-07 WO PCT/FR2003/000742 patent/WO2003076965A1/fr active Application Filing
• 2004
  • 2004-10-12 NO NO20044317A patent/NO20044317L/no unknown

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