EP1481938B1 - Gripper for lifting loads - Google Patents

Gripper for lifting loads Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1481938B1
EP1481938B1 EP03012347A EP03012347A EP1481938B1 EP 1481938 B1 EP1481938 B1 EP 1481938B1 EP 03012347 A EP03012347 A EP 03012347A EP 03012347 A EP03012347 A EP 03012347A EP 1481938 B1 EP1481938 B1 EP 1481938B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
grab
piston
opening
tongs
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP03012347A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1481938A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Glumann
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Glumann Machinenbau AG
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Glumann Machinenbau AG
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Publication date
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Priority to DE50308407T priority Critical patent/DE50308407D1/en
Priority to EP03012347A priority patent/EP1481938B1/en
Priority to AT03012347T priority patent/ATE375955T1/en
Publication of EP1481938A1 publication Critical patent/EP1481938A1/en
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Publication of EP1481938B1 publication Critical patent/EP1481938B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
    • B66C1/64—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for T- or I-section beams or girders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/42—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles
    • B66C1/425—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles motor actuated
    • B66C1/427—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles motor actuated by hydraulic or pneumatic motors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gripper for lifting loads with umgreifbaren support profiles, consisting of a support and at least one guided and held thereon gripper tongs, wherein the carrier with means for coupling to the lifting device and with retaining pins for closing and lifting the gripper tongs and the Gripper pliers are equipped with a pivot bearing against each other pivotable pliers legs and wherein the gripper are associated with means for securing the closed position of the gripper in the load state.
  • a gripper for lifting devices which is equipped with a carrier and two gripper tongs.
  • the carrier has, on the one hand, a central coupling element for the engagement of a crane hook and, on the other hand, a lifting bearing designated as a retaining pin for carrying and closing the gripping tongs.
  • the stroke bearing consists of a retaining bolt, which engages in opposite directions to the lifting direction backdrops of the pliers legs of the gripper.
  • the Pliers legs are held together by means of a central pivot bearing and are guided in this area on the support in the vertical direction.
  • the gripper tongs When lifting the support pin of the carrier, the gripper tongs is first closed. With the reaching of the closed position of the gripper tongs this is lifted as a unit together with the load. To prevent the opening of the forceps under load, a spacer is manually pivoted and secured in this pivoted position before lifting the load between the support pin of the carrier and the pivot bearing of the pliers legs. Then the lifting process begins.
  • the gripper tongs are opened and closed only when the load is lowered and regularly manually.
  • the use of the gripper and its gripper tongs in the area of longer transport distances requires the use of up to two people to open and close the gripper tongs at the respective location.
  • the pressure chambers are acted upon by a central control panel via appropriate pressure lines optionally with pressure medium.
  • the publication GB 1,057,778 refers to a gripper with self-closing type pliers.
  • the plate tongs are pivotable relative to one another and connected to a carrier by means of articulated fastened connecting links in such a manner that a scissor action is achieved for opening and closing the forceps arms.
  • a hydraulic system is provided between the carrier and the pivot bearing of the gripper tongs.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a gripper in which the opening and closing of the gripper tongs with a power-operated drive is executable and the opening of the gripper tongs is excluded regardless of faulty behavior of the operator while the load is still attached.
  • the manner of the force application of the opening device automatically leads to the opening process being associated with the lifting of the load. If the load is too large, the opening operation can not be carried out.
  • the assigned force limiter prevents this.
  • the pliers legs that surround the support profile can not be moved so far with the available force that they release the profile.
  • the gripper tongs can be opened unhindered with the available force.
  • the gripper consists of a carrier 1, which is provided with a central coupling element, the coupling 11. At this coupling 11 retaining rings, loops or crane hooks of the hoist can be attached.
  • the aligned parallel to the rails 3 to be supported carrier 1 is provided at its two ends with bearing portions 13, 13 ', each leading to a retaining pin 12, 12'.
  • the retaining pins 12, 12 ' pass through the scenes 211, 221 of the pliers legs 21, 21' and 22, 22 'of the gripper tongs 2, 2'.
  • the outer ends of the shaft of the pivot bearing 20 are in a guide groove 14, 14 ', which is preferably oriented vertically, guided laterally, so that a swing around the retaining pins 12, 12' is avoided.
  • a cylinder-piston system 5 is arranged, wherein the cylinder 51 is held by means of fastening 15 on the carrier while the piston 52 engages with its piston rod 520, the shaft of the pivot bearing 20.
  • pressure chambers 53, 54 are formed within the cylinder-piston system 5.
  • the pressure chamber 53 is for closing the gripper tongs 2, 2 'and the pressure chamber 54 for the opening of the gripper tongs 2, 2 'responsible.
  • Both pressure chambers 53, 54 are connected via connections 66 and 67 to the valve unit 6.
  • This valve unit 6 is connected via the terminals 61 and 62 and corresponding pressure hoses with a pressure source in communication from a central control panel, z. B. the cabin of the crane can be pressurized.
  • valve unit 6 shown schematically in Fig. 3 is equipped with a control piston 63 and corresponding pressure relief valves 64, 65.
  • a bore 633 extends, in which a control piston can move axially guided positively.
  • the control piston 63 is held by means of springs 634, 635 in a central position (solid lines). In the middle position it closes the channels 643, 653.
  • the cylinder-piston system 5 is in a secured rest position.
  • the control piston 63 is provided with two annular grooves 631, 632, which are connected via a bore system in each case with one of the end sides of the control piston 63.
  • the pressure in the pressure chamber 54 does not cause the pliers legs 21, 22 are fed with an attached load, the pressure relief valve 64 is active.
  • the piston 641 releases the passage 643 by overcoming the spring force of the spring 642.
  • the pressure may relax via the annular groove 631 a of the control piston 63 a and the corresponding bore system via the port 62.
  • the pressure in the pressure chamber 54 is such that the pivot bearing 20 can not be moved upward when the load is attached. Only then, when the rail or any other corresponding gripping load is placed on a solid surface, with the available pressure in the pressure chamber 54, the shaft of the pivot bearing can be raised and the gripper tongs 2 and 2 'are opened. For this opening process no additional auxiliary forces are required.
  • load limiting elements are located on the carrier. They are out of reach of people who could manipulate for whatever reason.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The gripper for the lifting of loads consists of a carrier (1) upon which are guided and mounted gripping jaws (2). A force controlled cylinder and piston unit (5) forms an operating system and is installed between the carrier and pivot mounting (20) of the gripping jaws for the opening and closing of the latter. The operating system has a pressure limiting device for the operating force such as a pressure relief valve located on the gripper. The pressure chambers (53,54) of the piston and cylinder unit are controlled from a central operating room via separate connections (61,62) and pressure lines.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Greifer für das Heben von Lasten mit umgreifbaren Tragprofilen, bestehend aus einem Träger und aus mindestens einer daran geführten und gehaltenen Greiferzange, wobei der Träger mit Mitteln zur Kopplung an dem Hubgerät und mit Haltezapfen für das Schließen und Heben der Greiferzangen und die Greiferzange mit um ein Schwenklager gegeneinander schwenkbaren Zangenschenkeln ausgstattet sind und wobei dem Greifer Mittel zum Sichern der Schließstellung der Greiferzange im Belastungszustand zugeordnet sind.The invention relates to a gripper for lifting loads with umgreifbaren support profiles, consisting of a support and at least one guided and held thereon gripper tongs, wherein the carrier with means for coupling to the lifting device and with retaining pins for closing and lifting the gripper tongs and the Gripper pliers are equipped with a pivot bearing against each other pivotable pliers legs and wherein the gripper are associated with means for securing the closed position of the gripper in the load state.

Durch die DE 93 18 652.5 U1 ist ein Greifer für Hubgeräte bekannt geworden, der mit einem Träger und mit zwei Greiferzangen ausgestattet ist. Der Träger hat einerseits ein zentrales Kupplungselement für den Angriff eines Kranhakens und andererseits ein als Haltezapfen bezeichnetes Hublager zum Tragen und Schließen der Greiferzange.By the DE 93 18 652.5 U1 has become known a gripper for lifting devices, which is equipped with a carrier and two gripper tongs. The carrier has, on the one hand, a central coupling element for the engagement of a crane hook and, on the other hand, a lifting bearing designated as a retaining pin for carrying and closing the gripping tongs.

Das Hublager besteht aus einem Haltebolzen, der in zur Hubrichtung gegeneinander geneigte Kulissen der Zangenschenkel der Greiferzange eingreift. Die Zangenschenkel sind mittels zentralem Schwenklager aneinander gehalten und werden in diesem Bereich am Träger in vertikaler Richtung geführt.The stroke bearing consists of a retaining bolt, which engages in opposite directions to the lifting direction backdrops of the pliers legs of the gripper. The Pliers legs are held together by means of a central pivot bearing and are guided in this area on the support in the vertical direction.

Beim Anheben des Haltebolzens des Trägers wird die Greiferzange zunächst geschlossen. Mit dem Erreichen der Schließstellung der Greiferzange wird diese als Einheit gemeinsam mit der Last gehoben. Zum Verhindern des Öffnens der Zange unter Last wird vor dem Anheben der Last zwischen den Haltebolzen des Trägers und dem Schwenklager der Zangenschenkel manuell ein Distanzstück eingeschwenkt und in dieser eingeschwenkten Position gesichert. Anschließend beginnt der Hebevorgang.When lifting the support pin of the carrier, the gripper tongs is first closed. With the reaching of the closed position of the gripper tongs this is lifted as a unit together with the load. To prevent the opening of the forceps under load, a spacer is manually pivoted and secured in this pivoted position before lifting the load between the support pin of the carrier and the pivot bearing of the pliers legs. Then the lifting process begins.

Diese Greiferzange hat sich bei ihrem Einsatz bewährt und gewährleistet eine ausreichende Sicherheit auch beim Heben schwerer Gegenstände, z. B. langer Schienenabschnitte für Eisenbahngleise. Das Distanzstück - so es eingelegt ist - ist bei gehobener bewegter Last nicht erreichbar und damit nicht manipulierbar.This gripper tongs has been proven in their use and ensures adequate safety even when lifting heavy objects, such. B. long rail sections for railway tracks. The spacer - so it is inserted - is not accessible with lifted moving load and thus not manipulated.

Das Öffnen und Schließen der Greiferzange erfolgt ausschließlich bei abgesetzter Last und regelmäßig manuell. Der Einsatz des Greifers und seiner Greiferzange im Bereich längerer Transportwege macht für das Öffnen und Schließen der Greiferzange am jeweiligen Ort den Einsatz von bis zu zwei Personen erforderlich.The gripper tongs are opened and closed only when the load is lowered and regularly manually. The use of the gripper and its gripper tongs in the area of longer transport distances requires the use of up to two people to open and close the gripper tongs at the respective location.

Es ist daher wünschenswert, das Öffnen und Schließen der Greiferzange von einem zentralen Steuerpult aus mit einem gesteuerten Antrieb - vorzugsweise hydraulisch - zu bewerkstelligen.It is therefore desirable to accomplish the opening and closing of the gripper tongs from a central control panel with a controlled drive - preferably hydraulically.

Für derartige Arbeitsvorrichtungen sind Zylinder-Kolben-Systeme üblich, deren Druckräume von einem zentralen Steuerpult aus über entsprechende Druckleitungen wahlweise mit Druckmittel beaufschlagt werden.For such working devices cylinder-piston systems are common, the pressure chambers are acted upon by a central control panel via appropriate pressure lines optionally with pressure medium.

Es ist jedoch mit einer solchen Anordnung nicht möglich, die Schließstellung der Greiferzange bei angehängter Last zu sichern. Irrtümer oder Missverständnisse bei der Steuerung oder andere Umstände können zu einem ungewollten oder manipulierbaren Öffnen der Greiferzange führen. Meist schwere Unfälle sind dabei nicht auszuschließen.However, it is not possible with such an arrangement to secure the closed position of the gripper tongs with attached load. Errors or misunderstandings in the control or other circumstances can lead to an unwanted or manipulatable opening of the gripper. Most serious accidents can not be ruled out.

Die Druckschrift GB 1,057,778 bezieht sich auf einen Greifer mit Plattenzangen vom selbstschließenden Typ. Die Plattenzangen sind gegeneinander schwenkbar und mittels gelenkig befestigter Verbindungsglieder so mit einem Träger verbunden, dass eine Scherenwirkung zum Öffnen und Schließen der Zangenschenkel erzielt wird. Um die Greiferzange im unbelasteten Zustand offen zu halten, ist zwischen dem Träger und dem Schwenklager der Greiferzangen eine Hydraulik vorgesehen.The publication GB 1,057,778 refers to a gripper with self-closing type pliers. The plate tongs are pivotable relative to one another and connected to a carrier by means of articulated fastened connecting links in such a manner that a scissor action is achieved for opening and closing the forceps arms. In order to keep the gripper open in the unloaded state, a hydraulic system is provided between the carrier and the pivot bearing of the gripper tongs.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Greifer zu schaffen, bei dem das Öffnen und Schließen der Greiferzange mit einem kraftbetätigten Antrieb ausführbar ist und das Öffnen der Greiferzange unabhängig von einem fehlerhaften Verhalten des Bedienpersonals bei noch anhängender Last ausgeschlossen ist.The object of the present invention is to provide a gripper in which the opening and closing of the gripper tongs with a power-operated drive is executable and the opening of the gripper tongs is excluded regardless of faulty behavior of the operator while the load is still attached.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 auf überraschend einfache Weise gelöst. Der hinsichtlich seiner Antriebskraft begrenzte Antrieb für das Öffnen der Greiferzange ist nicht in der Lage, bei anhängender Last die Öffnungsbewegung auszuführen.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1 in a surprisingly simple manner. The limited in terms of its driving force drive for the opening of the gripper tongs is not able to carry out the opening movement with an attached load.

Die Art und Weise des Kraftangriffes der Öffnungsvorrichtung führt automatisch dazu, dass der Öffnungsvorgang mit dem Anheben der Last verbunden ist. Ist die Last zu groß, kann der Öffnungsvorgang nicht ausgeführt werden. Der zugeordnete Kraftbegrenzer verhindert das. Die das Tragprofil umgreifenden Zangenschenkel lassen sich mit der verfügbaren Kraft nicht so weit bewegen, dass sie das Profil freigeben.The manner of the force application of the opening device automatically leads to the opening process being associated with the lifting of the load. If the load is too large, the opening operation can not be carried out. The assigned force limiter prevents this. The pliers legs that surround the support profile can not be moved so far with the available force that they release the profile.

Ist die Last abgesetzt, lässt sich die Greiferzange mit der verfügbaren Kraft ungehindert öffnen.Once the load has been removed, the gripper tongs can be opened unhindered with the available force.

Die technisch einfachste Lösung bildet die Ausführung nach Anspruch 2, die als Stellmittel ein Zylinder-Kolben-System vorsieht, in deren Druckleitung ein Druckbegrenzungsventil eingefügt ist.The most technically simple solution is the embodiment according to claim 2, which provides as adjusting means a cylinder-piston system, in whose pressure line a pressure relief valve is inserted.

Die höchste Sicherheit wird mit einer solchen Einheit durch die Verwendung einer Hydraulikflüssigkeit als Druckmedium - nach Anspruch 3 - erreicht.The highest safety is achieved with such a unit by the use of a hydraulic fluid as a pressure medium - according to claim 3.

Die Ansprüche 4 und 5 zeigen zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der vorliegenden Erfindung.Claims 4 and 5 show expedient developments of the present invention.

Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden. In den dazu gehörigen Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Ansicht des Greifers mit schematisch dargestellter Zylinder-Kolben-Einheit für das Öffnen und Schließen der Greiferzangen,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung einer Greiferzange und der Zuordnung des Öffnungs- und/oder Schließmechanismus und
Fig. 3
eine schematische Schnittdarstellung durch die Ventileinheit mit Steuerkolben und Druckbegrenzungsventilen für das Öffnen und Schließen von Greiferzangen.
The invention will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. In the accompanying drawings show:
Fig. 1
a view of the gripper with a schematically illustrated cylinder-piston unit for opening and closing the gripper tongs,
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of a gripper and the assignment of the opening and / or closing mechanism and
Fig. 3
a schematic sectional view through the valve unit with control piston and pressure relief valves for the opening and closing of gripper tongs.

Als Last mit umgreifbarem Tragprofil wird im Ausführungsbeispiel eine Eisenbahnschiene 3 beschrieben. Möglich ist der Einsatz der Greifer jedoch auch für andere Lasten, die im Griffbereich mit umgreifbaren Tragprofilen ausgestattet sind. Auch Schlaufen von Seilen können solche Tragprofile sein.As a load with umgreifbarem support profile a rail track 3 is described in the embodiment. However, the use of the gripper is also possible for other loads that are equipped with reclosable support profiles in the grip area. Even loops of ropes can be such support profiles.

Der Greifer besteht aus einem Träger 1, der mit einem zentralen Kupplungselement, der Kupplung 11, versehen ist. An dieser Kupplung 11 können Halteringe, Schlaufen oder der Kranhaken des Hebezeuges befestigt werden.The gripper consists of a carrier 1, which is provided with a central coupling element, the coupling 11. At this coupling 11 retaining rings, loops or crane hooks of the hoist can be attached.

Der parallel zu den zu tragenden Schienen 3 ausgerichtete Träger 1 ist an seinen beiden Enden mit Lagerabschnitten 13, 13' versehen, die jeweils einen Haltezapfen 12, 12' führen. Die Haltezapfen 12, 12' durchgreifen die Kulissen 211, 221 der Zangenschenkel 21, 21' und 22, 22' der Greiferzangen 2, 2'.The aligned parallel to the rails 3 to be supported carrier 1 is provided at its two ends with bearing portions 13, 13 ', each leading to a retaining pin 12, 12'. The retaining pins 12, 12 'pass through the scenes 211, 221 of the pliers legs 21, 21' and 22, 22 'of the gripper tongs 2, 2'.

Diese Kulissen 211, 221 sind zur Hubrichtung und Lastrichtung derart geneigt, dass sich beim Anheben des Haltezapfens 12, 12' die Greiferzange 2, 2' unter der Wirkung ihres Eigengewichtes schließt. Erreichen die Zangenschenkel 21, 21'; 22, 22' ihre durch die Schiene 3 begrenzte Schließstellung, überträgt der Haltezapfen 12, 12' die Hubbewegung auf die Greiferzangen 2, 2' und die zu tragende Last. Die Zangenschenkel sind dabei auf einem als Welle ausgebildeten Schwenklager 20 in Schwenkrichtung frei beweglich gelagert.These scenes 211, 221 are inclined to the stroke direction and load direction such that upon lifting of the holding pin 12, 12 ', the gripper tongs 2, 2' closes under the effect of their own weight. Reach the pliers legs 21, 21 '; 22, 22 'their limited by the rail 3 closed position, the retaining pin 12, 12' transmits the lifting movement on the gripper tongs 2, 2 'and the load to be supported. The pliers legs are mounted freely movable on a shaft formed as a pivot bearing 20 in the pivoting direction.

Die äußeren Enden der Welle des Schwenklagers 20 werden in einer Führungsnut 14, 14', die vorzugsweise senkrecht ausgerichtet ist, seitlich geführt, so dass ein Schwingen um die Haltezapfen 12, 12' vermieden wird.The outer ends of the shaft of the pivot bearing 20 are in a guide groove 14, 14 ', which is preferably oriented vertically, guided laterally, so that a swing around the retaining pins 12, 12' is avoided.

Im mittleren Bereich des Greifers ist ein Zylinder-Kolben-System 5 angeordnet, wobei der Zylinder 51 mittels Befestigung 15 am Träger gehalten ist während der Kolben 52 mit seiner Kolbenstange 520 die Welle des Schwenklagers 20 umgreift.In the central region of the gripper, a cylinder-piston system 5 is arranged, wherein the cylinder 51 is held by means of fastening 15 on the carrier while the piston 52 engages with its piston rod 520, the shaft of the pivot bearing 20.

Innerhalb des Zylinder-Kolben-Systems 5 bilden sich Druckräume 53, 54 aus. Der Druckraum 53 ist für das Schließen der Greiferzangen 2, 2' und der Druckraum 54 für das Öffnen der Greiferzangen 2, 2' zuständig. Beide Druckräume 53, 54 sind über Anschlüsse 66 bzw. 67 mit der Ventileinheit 6 verbunden.Within the cylinder-piston system 5, pressure chambers 53, 54 are formed. The pressure chamber 53 is for closing the gripper tongs 2, 2 'and the pressure chamber 54 for the opening of the gripper tongs 2, 2 'responsible. Both pressure chambers 53, 54 are connected via connections 66 and 67 to the valve unit 6.

Diese Ventileinheit 6 ist über die Anschlüsse 61 und 62 sowie entsprechende Druckschläuche mit einer Druckquelle in Verbindung, die von einem zentralen Steuerpult, z. B. der Kabine des Kranes mit Druck beaufschlagt werden können.This valve unit 6 is connected via the terminals 61 and 62 and corresponding pressure hoses with a pressure source in communication from a central control panel, z. B. the cabin of the crane can be pressurized.

Zur Begrenzung des verfügbaren Druckes mindestens im Druckraum 54 ist die in Fig. 3 schematisch dargestellte Ventileinheit 6 mit einem Steuerkolben 63 und entsprechenden Druckbegrenzungsventilen 64, 65 ausgestattet.To limit the available pressure at least in the pressure chamber 54, the valve unit 6 shown schematically in Fig. 3 is equipped with a control piston 63 and corresponding pressure relief valves 64, 65.

Zwischen den Anschlüssen 61 und 62 erstreckt sich eine Bohrung 633, in der sich ein Steuerkolben axial formschlüssig geführt bewegen kann. Der Steuerkolben 63 wird mittels Federn 634, 635 in einer Mittelstellung (ausgezogene Linien) gehalten. In der Mittelstellung verschließt er die Kanäle 643, 653. Das Zylinder-Kolben-System 5 befindet sich in einer gesicherten Ruhestellung.Between the terminals 61 and 62, a bore 633 extends, in which a control piston can move axially guided positively. The control piston 63 is held by means of springs 634, 635 in a central position (solid lines). In the middle position it closes the channels 643, 653. The cylinder-piston system 5 is in a secured rest position.

Der Steuerkolben 63 ist mit zwei Ringnuten 631, 632 versehen, die über ein Bohrungssystem jeweils mit einer der Stirnseiten des Steuerkolbens 63 verbunden sind.The control piston 63 is provided with two annular grooves 631, 632, which are connected via a bore system in each case with one of the end sides of the control piston 63.

Seitlich der zentralen Bohrung 633 sind in der Ventileinheit 6 weitere parallele Bohrungen 644, 654 angeordnet, in denen die Kolben 641, 651 der Druckbegrenzungsventile 64, 65 geführt sind. Diese Kolben 641, 651 werden mittels Federn 642, 652 in Schließstellung gehalten. Die Bohrungen 644, 654 sind über die Anschlüsse 66 und 67 mit den Druckkammern 54 bzw. 53 verbunden.Laterally of the central bore 633 6 further parallel bores 644, 654 are arranged in the valve unit, in which the pistons 641, 651 of the pressure relief valves 64, 65 are guided. These pistons 641, 651 are held in the closed position by means of springs 642, 652. The holes 644, 654 are connected via the terminals 66 and 67 to the pressure chambers 54 and 53, respectively.

Wird über den Anschluss 61 der Ventileinheit Hydraulikflüssigkeit unter Druck zugeführt, bewegt sich der Steuerkolben 63 aus der Mittelposition in die Position 63a (punktiert gezeichnet). Dabei wird die Ringnut 631 in die Position 631a gebracht. Hydraulikflüssigkeit kann dadurch aus dem Kanal 643 über die Ringnut 631a in Richtung des Anschlusses 62 abfließen.When hydraulic fluid is supplied under pressure via the port 61 of the valve unit, the spool 63 moves from the center position to the position 63a (dotted line). In this case, the annular groove 631 is brought into the position 631a. Hydraulic fluid can thereby flow out of the channel 643 via the annular groove 631a in the direction of the port 62.

Erfolgt über den Anschluss 61 eine Zuführung von Hydraulikflüssigkeit unter Druck, strömt die Hydraulikflüssigkeit unterhalb des Steuerkolbens 63a in den linken Abschnitt des Kanales 653 und in die Bohrung 644. Über den Anschluss 66 wird der Druckraum 54 der Zylinder-Kolben-Einheit 5 mit diesem Druck beaufschlagt.If a supply of hydraulic fluid under pressure via the port 61, the hydraulic fluid flows below the control piston 63 a in the left portion of the channel 653 and in the bore 644. About the port 66, the pressure chamber 54 of the cylinder-piston unit 5 with this pressure applied.

Damit der Druck im Druckraum 54 nicht dazu führt, dass die Zangenschenkel 21, 22 bei anhängender Last gespeizt werden, wird das Druckbegrenzungsventil 64 aktiv. Überschreitet der Druck in der Bohrung 644 eine bestimmte Größe, gibt der Kolben 641 unter Überwindung der Federkraft der Feder 642 den Kanal 643 frei. Der Druck kann sich über die Ringnut 631a des Steuerkolbens 63a und das entsprechende Bohrungssystem über den Anschluss 62 entspannen.Thus, the pressure in the pressure chamber 54 does not cause the pliers legs 21, 22 are fed with an attached load, the pressure relief valve 64 is active. When the pressure in the bore 644 exceeds a certain magnitude, the piston 641 releases the passage 643 by overcoming the spring force of the spring 642. The pressure may relax via the annular groove 631 a of the control piston 63 a and the corresponding bore system via the port 62.

Schließlich stellt sich der Druck im Druckraum 54 so ein, dass das Schwenklager 20 bei anhängender Last nicht nach oben bewegt werden kann. Erst dann, wenn die Schiene oder irgend eine andere entsprechende, umgreifbare Last auf einem festen Untergrund abgelegt ist, können mit dem verfügbaren Druck im Druckraum 54 die Welle des Schwenklagers angehoben und die Greiferzangen 2 und 2' geöffnet werden. Für diesen Öffnungsvorgang sind keine zusätzlichen Hilfskräfte erforderlich.Finally, the pressure in the pressure chamber 54 is such that the pivot bearing 20 can not be moved upward when the load is attached. Only then, when the rail or any other corresponding gripping load is placed on a solid surface, with the available pressure in the pressure chamber 54, the shaft of the pivot bearing can be raised and the gripper tongs 2 and 2 'are opened. For this opening process no additional auxiliary forces are required.

Anstelle der beschriebenen hydraulischen Ausführungen kann man nach dem gleichen Prinzip auch mit pneumatischen Mitteln den Öffnungs- oder Schließvorgang in dieser Weise steuern.Instead of the described hydraulic embodiments can be controlled in the same way with pneumatic means the opening or closing operation in this manner.

Es ist auch denkbar, dass man für das Öffnen oder Schließen der Greiferzangen 2, 2' elektrische Antriebe (z. B. Magnete, Linearmotoren oder Servomotoren mit Spindeln) verwendet. In diesem Fall müsste dem jeweiligen Antriebsmittel ein üblicher Lastbegrenzer zugeordnet werden, der auf die Größe der zu hebenden Last anspricht.It is also conceivable to use electric drives (for example magnets, linear motors or servomotors with spindles) for opening or closing the gripper tongs 2, 2 '. In this case, the respective drive means would have to be assigned a conventional load limiter, which responds to the size of the load to be lifted.

Von besonderer Bedeutung ist, dass sich die Elemente zur Lastbegrenzung am Träger befinden. Sie sind damit außer Reichweite von Menschen, die aus irgendwelchen Gründen eine Manipulation vornehmen könnten.Of particular importance is that the load limiting elements are located on the carrier. They are out of reach of people who could manipulate for whatever reason.

Es ist auch zweckmäßig, die Einstellvorrichtungen für die Überlastsicherungen am Träger zu verbergen und/oder zu versiegeln, so dass eine hohe Betriebssicherheit ständig gewährleistet werden kann.It is also expedient to hide and / or seal the adjustment devices for the overload safety devices on the carrier, so that a high degree of operational reliability can be ensured at all times.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Trägercarrier
1111
Kupplungclutch
12, 12'12, 12 '
Haltezapfenretaining pins
13, 13'13, 13 '
Lagerabschnittbearing section
14, 14'14, 14 '
Führungsnutguide
1515
Befestigung (Zylinder)Attachment (cylinder)
2, 2'2, 2 '
Greiferzangegripper
2020
Schwenklager/WellePivot bearing / shaft
21, 21'21, 21 '
Zangenschenkelpliers legs
211211
Kulissescenery
22, 22'22, 22 '
Zangenschenkelpliers legs
221221
Kulissescenery
33
Schienerail
44
Schlaufe/Hubmttel (auch Kranhaken)Loop / Hubmttel (also crane hooks)
55
Zylinder-Kolben-System/StellmittelCylinder-piston system / actuator means
5151
Zylindercylinder
5252
Kolbenpiston
520520
Kolbenstangepiston rod
5353
Druckraum (Schließen)Pressure Room (Close)
5454
Druckraum (Öffnen)Pressure chamber (open)
66
Ventileinheitvalve unit
6161
Druckanschluss (Öffnen)Pressure connection (open)
6262
Druckanschluss (Schließen)Pressure connection (Close)
6363
Steuerkolben (Mittelstellung)Control piston (middle position)
63a63a
Steuerkolben (Position Öffnen)Control spool (open position)
631631
Ringnutring groove
631a631a
Ringnut (Öffnen)Ring groove (open)
632632
Ringnutring groove
633633
Bohrungdrilling
634634
Federfeather
635635
Federfeather
6464
DruckbegrenzungsventilPressure relief valve
641641
Kolbenpiston
641a641a
Kolben (Überlastposition)Piston (overload position)
642642
Federfeather
643643
Kanalchannel
644644
Zylinderbohrungbore
6565
DruckbegrenzungsventilPressure relief valve
651651
Kolbenpiston
652652
Federfeather
653653
Kanalchannel
6666
Anschluss (Ausgang zum Druckraum 54)Connection (output to the pressure chamber 54)
6767
Anschluss (Ausgang zum Druckraum 53)Connection (output to the pressure chamber 53)

Claims (5)

  1. Grab for lifting loads, having a support (1) and at least one pair of grab tongs (2) guided and held thereon, the grab tongs (2) having tong arms (21) swivellable relative to one another about a pivot bearing (20), and a power-controlled actuating means (5) for opening and closing the grab tongs (2) being arranged between the support (1) and the pivot bearing (20), wherein means of securing the grab tongs (2) in the closed position when loaded being associated with the grab and the actuating means (5) having at least one pressure limiter (64) for limiting the motive power for opening the grab tongs (2), characterized in that a lifting profile (3) of the load to be lifted may be gripped around by the tong arms (21), and the tong arms (21) comprise slideways (211) inclined towards one another in the lifting direction, through which slideways (211) a retaining peg (12) connected to the support (1) is passed.
  2. Grab according to Claim 1, characterized in that the actuating means is a piston/cylinder system (5), the pressure chambers (53, 54) of which may be controlled via separate connections (61, 62) and pressure lines from a central control room, and in that a pressure limiting valve (64, 65) is associated at least with the pressure chamber (54) for opening the grab tongs (2, 2').
  3. Grab according to Claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the pressure medium of the piston/cylinder system (5) is a hydraulic fluid.
  4. Grab according to Claim 1 to 3, characterized in that a valve unit (6) is attached to the grab, in that the valve unit (6) in each case comprises a connection (61, 62) for in each case a pressure line for opening and closure, which connections are operable by a central control unit, in that the valve unit (6) comprises connections (66, 67) for both pressure chambers (53, 54) of the piston/cylinder system (5) and in that the valve unit (6) is equipped with a control piston (63) and with two pressure limiting valves (64, 65).
  5. Grab according to Claim 4, characterized in that the control piston (63) is held coaxially and axially movably in a bore (633) between the connection (61) of the pressure line for opening and the connection (62) of the pressure line for closure, resiliently in a middle position, by means of springs (634, 635), in that, in the middle position, the control piston (63) keeps both pressure chambers (53, 54) of the piston/cylinder system (5) closed, in that on both sides of the middle position in each case an activatable duct (643, 653; 644, 654; 66, 67) connected to one of the pressure chambers (53, 54) of the piston/cylinder system (5) is associated with the control piston (63) and in that in each case a pressure-limiting valve (64, 65) is arranged in this duct (643, 653; 644, 654; 66, 67) and in the respective pressure chamber (53, 54).
EP03012347A 2003-05-30 2003-05-30 Gripper for lifting loads Expired - Lifetime EP1481938B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE50308407T DE50308407D1 (en) 2003-05-30 2003-05-30 Gripper for lifting loads with recaptable carrying profiles
EP03012347A EP1481938B1 (en) 2003-05-30 2003-05-30 Gripper for lifting loads
AT03012347T ATE375955T1 (en) 2003-05-30 2003-05-30 GRIPPER FOR LIFTING LOADS WITH REACHABLE SUPPORT PROFILES

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03012347A EP1481938B1 (en) 2003-05-30 2003-05-30 Gripper for lifting loads

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1481938A1 EP1481938A1 (en) 2004-12-01
EP1481938B1 true EP1481938B1 (en) 2007-10-17

Family

ID=33104112

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03012347A Expired - Lifetime EP1481938B1 (en) 2003-05-30 2003-05-30 Gripper for lifting loads

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1481938B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE375955T1 (en)
DE (1) DE50308407D1 (en)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB862948A (en) * 1958-08-27 1961-03-15 New York Air Brake Co Improvements in or relating to two-way fluid pressure relief valves
ES299572A1 (en) * 1963-06-12 1964-09-01 Fives Lille Cail Improvements introduced in the clamps for the handling of steel packages (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
DE9318652U1 (en) * 1993-12-07 1994-06-23 Glumann Karl Grippers for lifting devices for lifting rod-shaped bodies, in particular railroad tracks

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50308407D1 (en) 2007-11-29
EP1481938A1 (en) 2004-12-01
ATE375955T1 (en) 2007-11-15

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