EP1479851A1 - Ancrage de garde-corps et support de garde-corps correspondant - Google Patents

Ancrage de garde-corps et support de garde-corps correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1479851A1
EP1479851A1 EP04447127A EP04447127A EP1479851A1 EP 1479851 A1 EP1479851 A1 EP 1479851A1 EP 04447127 A EP04447127 A EP 04447127A EP 04447127 A EP04447127 A EP 04447127A EP 1479851 A1 EP1479851 A1 EP 1479851A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
railing
carrier
wall
anchor
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04447127A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Appelen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1479851A1 publication Critical patent/EP1479851A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G5/00—Component parts or accessories for scaffolds
    • E04G5/04—Means for fastening, supporting, or bracing scaffolds on or against building constructions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/32—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings
    • E04G21/3204—Safety or protective measures for persons during the construction of buildings against falling down
    • E04G21/3219—Means supported by the building wall, e.g. security consoles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G5/00—Component parts or accessories for scaffolds
    • E04G5/04—Means for fastening, supporting, or bracing scaffolds on or against building constructions
    • E04G5/046—Means for fastening, supporting, or bracing scaffolds on or against building constructions for fastening scaffoldings on walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a railing anchor for anchoring railing supports into a wall, as described in the preamble of conclusion 1.
  • the invention also relates to a railing support suitable for cooperating with the railing anchor, and to a process to fasten said railing anchors and the railing support onto the wall.
  • Railing anchors are for instance used to provide a temporary railing around the upper side of a building under construction.
  • employees of the construction company When constructing a building it frequently happens that employees of the construction company are present onto or off the upper side of already raised or partly raised walls. Such situation may entail great dangers, among other things because the employees regularly have to carry construction elements upwards or have to receive these from others. Thereby, they may easily loose their equilibrium and fall downward. Construction materials may also fall from the upper side of the building, by which persons may be injured.
  • a temporary railing is usually installed around the upper side of the building under construction, which railing has to provide the necessary safety for the employees at work, and for the persons in the vicinity of the building.
  • the known temporary railing is usually attached to a partly raised sidewall.
  • holes are drilled into the sidewall, into which the railing is subsequently screwed.
  • the railing is unscrewed from the wall and subsequently screwed onto the sidewall again at a higher part of the sidewall, until the desired height of the sidewall has been attained.
  • Attaching the known railing to the wall is cumbersome and has to be carried out by at least two persons.
  • the wall is necessarily provided with drilling holes at several places, resulting in a permanent disfigurement of the wall.
  • the present invention aims to provide an easily attachable Brace and accompanying railing support having a light construction and ensuring a reliable attachment of railing supports in brickwork and concrete works where danger with respect to falling exists for persons.
  • the railing anchor according to the invention thereto is characterized in that it comprises a rod like carrier, which at a first extremity is provided with first attaching means for connection into a wall, and at the second extremity is provided with second attaching means for a railing support, in between which the carrier moreover is provided with a rod like anchoring brace, extending substantially transverse to the carrier, which anchoring brace at its one extremity is provided with a, at least in rotation direction rigid connection with the carrier, and further is provided with third attaching means with the wall.
  • a separate railing anchor onto which, after its attachment to the wall, a railing support can be mounted is achieved that all necessary handlings to attach the railing anchor and the railing to the wall can be carried out by one person only, for instance by the person already executing the brickwork or concrete works.
  • the rod like carrier is anchored into the wall with its axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of the wall by means of the first attaching means.
  • a railing support is attached at the other extremity of the carrier, which extremity sticks out of the wall.
  • the carrier is, somewhere between both extremities provided with a rod like anchoring brace, which is fastened into the wall with its free extremity and which is, at its other extremity, at least in rotation direction, rigidly attached to the carrier, by which rotation of the part of the carrier protruding from the wall is hindered.
  • the railing anchor is build in over at least a part of the carrier of the railing anchor into the wall onto which the safeguard against falling has to be attached during bricklaying of blocks of stone and/or cement, or it is screwed into the wall.
  • a further advantage of the railing anchor according to the invention is that the amount of time it takes to attach the safeguard against falling is much reduced when compared to the known railing anchor. Moreover it now becomes possible that the bricklayer and/or the sheet piler installs the railing anchor himself during his normal work, without having to take any additional risk, for instance by changing position.
  • the railing anchor may in principle be manufactured from all suitable construction materials. It is for instance possible to use unfilled polymers, or polymers filled with fillers and/or reinforcing fibres.
  • the railing anchor is manufactured from stainless steel. Through this is achieved that the railing anchor is substantially insensitive to the aggressive action of cement and water, and therefore is easily kept clean.
  • the railing anchor according to the invention advantageously comprises a sliding connection between anchoring brace and carrier which substantially only permits a shifting along the carrier in the axial direction of the carrier.
  • the anchoring brace can be installed into the wall, or can be removed from the wall, independently from the carrier.
  • the sliding connection consists of a tubular sliding member attached to the anchoring brace, which can fittingly slide along at least a part of the longitudinal axis of the likewise tubular cross section of the carrier. Through this is achieved that the resistance against rotation of the carrier around its axis is further enhanced.
  • the anchoring brace is anchored with its free extremity into the wall by means of third attaching means.
  • the third attaching means comprise at the free extremity of the anchoring brace a plate like lip, which extends radially outward with respect to the axis of the anchoring brace and which is receivable into the wall.
  • the lip may be received by a previously made groove in the wall with a shape adapted to receive the lip. It is also possible to put the lip onto a partly constructed wall and build this lip in during bricklaying. Another possibility is to brick in a separate plate having the shape of the groove, wherein the lip may be taken up.
  • the anchoring brace which is attached onto the carrier of the railing anchor according to the invention, ensures that rotation of the carrier around its longitudinal axis is further hindered. Obviously such rotation is already hindered somewhat by securing the carrier into the wall itself.
  • first attaching means of the rod like carrier comprising a cylindrical part, provided with screw thread.
  • the screw-thread may to fasten cooperate with suitable attaching means, provided into or behind the wall, such as for instance a concrete screw cap, a nut, and other attaching means known and available to the person skilled in the art.
  • suitable attaching means provided into or behind the wall, such as for instance a concrete screw cap, a nut, and other attaching means known and available to the person skilled in the art.
  • the cylindrical part may have different lengths, dependent on the thickness and other characteristics of the wall into which the railing anchor has to be fastened.
  • the transversely mounted anchoring brace is, according to the invention attached to the carrier.
  • the connection is provided by means of a tubular sliding member that may fittingly slide over at least a part of the longitudinal axis of the likewise tubular and/or quadrangular cross section of the carrier.
  • the part of the carrier having a tubular and/or quadrangular cross-section also forms advantageously a connection piece for a railing support, provided to be attached to the railing anchor according to the invention.
  • the railing anchor according to the invention is therefore advantageously characterized in that the second attaching means of the rod like carrier comprise a tubular part, over which a likewise tubular supporting part of a railing support may be slid.
  • the rod like carrier additionally is provided with a stop, for instance having the shape of a bush provided around the axis of the carrier, which stop controls the intrusion depth into the wall when fastening the carrier into the wall.
  • the connection piece and the tubular sliding member, which is slideable over the connection piece can advantageously slide with respect to each other over a limited distance only.
  • the sliding distance of the sliding member with respect to the connection piece is in this preferred embodiment limited in the direction of the first attaching means (towards the wall when in use) by the stop bush and in the direction of the second attaching means (towards the railing support when in use) by a stop pin, which is attached to the carrier and extends transversely to the axis of the carrier.
  • the stop bush may, in this embodiment in addition function as connection between the part of the carrier that is to be fastened into the wall, which advantageously has a cylindrical cross section (the threaded rod) and the part serving as connection piece for the railing support.
  • the stop is made in the shape of a bush.
  • the round shape of the stop bush has in addition the advantage that when turning the railing anchor into and/or out of the wall, damage to the brickwork is prohibited or prevented.
  • the invention likewise relates to a railing support for a circumferential railing, which is attachable onto the railing anchor according to the present invention.
  • the railing support according to the invention comprises a supporting beam, extending substantially vertical in use and provided with at least one plank support and/or other support, which supporting beam is at its under side height provided with a rod like supporting part, extending substantially transverse to the axis of the supporting beam, which may detachably be fastened to the second attaching means of the carrier.
  • the railing support or rail beam is fastened to the second attaching means (denoted as the connection member in a preferred embodiment) of the carrier by means of a suitable connection.
  • the railing support is advantageously characterized in that the supporting part is tubular and is slideable over the tubular part of the railing anchor according to the preferred embodiment described above and attachable hereto by means of a mortise and tenon joint.
  • a securing pin is stuck into the hole of the mortise and tenon joint.
  • retaining means onto the railing such as a latticework, wire netting, and others.
  • the retaining part of the railing support may have any shape.
  • the manner by which the railing support is attached to the railing anchor of course has to be adapted to the chosen embodiment of the railing anchor.
  • the railing support according to the invention advantageously has a supporting part with a portion which substantially extends transversely to the axis of the supporting part and, when in use substantially extends parallel to the axial direction of the anchoring brace, which portion can be detachably fastened to the anchoring brace of the invented railing anchor.
  • a supporting part which in the context of this application is also designated as snapper, secures a strong connection of the railing support to the railing anchor, and is very easily removed.
  • the supporting part is in addition advantageously provided with a groove.
  • the invention also relates to a process for fastening a possibly temporary railing support onto a building.
  • the process substantially comprises attaching the carrier of the railing anchor according to the invention into or onto a wall, which is possibly still in-progress, sliding the anchoring brace onto the carrier, fastening the lip of the anchoring brace in or onto the wall, securing the carrier and anchoring brace in the wall, and slidingly attach a railing support according to the invention onto the secured railing anchor in the wall.
  • a railing system is formed suitable to form a safety fence around for instance the upper level floor of a building under construction in brickwork or concrete.
  • the railing anchor and railing support according to the present invention can in addition be used in other applications, such as for instance in factories, when moving, and so on.
  • a concrete screw cap is for instance screwed onto the threaded rod of the railing anchor.
  • This threaded rod with the concrete screw cap is laid between the brickwork bricks and secured into the brickwork with mortar.
  • care is taken to slide the anchoring brace against the stop bush whereby the plate like lip of the anchoring brace is secured into the longitudinal joint of the brickwork. After hardening of the mortar a firm attachment of the railing anchor to the brickwork wall has been achieved.
  • the railing anchor is secured into the brickwork by sticking the threaded rod provided with screw-thread through a hole drilled into the load-bearing wall and fastening it at the inner side with a nut.
  • FIG 4 a railing anchor is shown which is bricked in into a cavity wall (4).
  • a concrete screw cap (20) is completely screwed onto the threaded rod (7).
  • the railing anchor is subsequently placed onto the front stone such that the stop bush (8) touches against the front brickwork and the threaded rod (7) runs on into the inner cavity wall.
  • lip (14) of the anchoring brace (2) enters the longitudinal joint of the parament.
  • the threaded rod (7) with the concrete screw cap (20) is hereby bricked in into the backside of the front joint of the inner cavity wall.
  • the anchoring brace (2) ensures that the connection piece (9) cannot rotate.
  • the railing support (3) may be attached to the railing anchor.
  • the railing support (3) slides with the supporting part (15) over the connection piece (9) of the railing anchor until it lies against sliding member (11).
  • Connection piece (19) ensures that railing support (3) as well as anchoring brace (2) of the railing anchor cannot possibly slide backwards and moreover ensures that rotation is no longer possible.
  • the sliding member (11) in this situation is "captured" between the stop bush (8) and the supporting part (15). Thereby lip (14) cannot possibly come out of the wall and/or cannot possibly be removed from the wall. In this way a particularly safe (temporary) securing in the wall is obtained, since anchoring brace (2) may only be removed from the wall after railing support (3) has been removed.
  • the snapper (17) of the railing support (3) takes grip into the anchor arm (13) such that the play between connection piece (9) and supporting part (15) is minimal.
  • the disassembly of the railing support (3) is achieved by removing the securing pin (19) and slide the railing support (3) off the railing anchor.
  • the railing anchor according to the invention to provide the stop pin mounted onto the carrier with a spring system that makes it possible to push-in the stop pin to a position substantially at equal level to the outer circumference of the tubular cross section of the carrier.
  • the railing support is provided with a cylindrically shaped opening such that when the railing support is completely slid onto the connection piece, the down pushable stop pin fits into this cylindrically shaped opening.
  • the rigid connection between railing support and railing anchor is now formed by the stop pin, which in this embodiment in addition functions as mortise and tenon, joint.
  • the advantage of this preferred embodiment is that the securing pin, the plughole in the railing support and in the railing anchor, and the groove in the supporting part of the railing support are superfluous and therefore may be omitted.
  • FIG. 5 a railing anchor is shown which is bricked in into a single wall (4).
  • a concrete screw cap (20) is completely screwed onto the threaded rod (7).
  • the railing anchor is subsequently placed onto the brickwork stones such that the stop bush (8) touches against the brickwork.
  • lip (14) of the anchoring brace (2) enters the longitudinal joint of the wall.
  • the anchoring brace (2) ensures that the connection piece (9) cannot rotate.
  • the railing support (3) may be attached to the railing anchor.
  • the railing support (3) slides with the supporting part (15) over the connection piece (9) of the railing anchor until it lies against sliding member (11).
  • Connection piece (19) ensures that railing support (3) as well as anchoring brace (2) of the railing anchor cannot possibly slide backwards and moreover ensures that rotation is no longer possible.
  • sliding supporting part (15) of railing support (3) according to the invention onto the second attaching means (9) of the railing anchor and to pin it down through mortise and tenon joint (10, 19) By sliding supporting part (15) of railing support (3) according to the invention onto the second attaching means (9) of the railing anchor and to pin it down through mortise and tenon joint (10, 19), a possible shifting of sliding member (11) of anchoring brace (2) in the axial direction is prevented. Also in this embodiment the anchoring brace (2) may only be removed from the wall after railing support (3) has been removed.
  • the snapper (17) of the railing support (3) takes grip into the anchor arm (13) such that the play between connection piece (9) and supporting part (15) is minimal.
  • the disassembly of the railing support (3) is achieved by removing the securing pin (19) and slide the railing support (3) off the railing anchor.
  • sliding member (11) of the railing anchor can freely slide backwards (away from the wall) to against the stop (12).
  • Plate (14) of anchoring brace (2) hereby comes out of the joint of the wall thereby allowing a rotating movement, through which the railing anchor can simply be removed from the wall.
  • the concrete screw cap (20) remains in the brickwork.
  • FIG. 6 a Railing anchor is shown which is bricked in into a wall with a connection with a nut (21) along the inner side of the wall.
  • the threaded rod (7) is taken through the wall, either by bricking it in, or by means of a drilled hole.
  • the railing anchor is subsequently placed onto the brickwork stones such that the stop bush (8) touches against the brickwork.
  • lip (14) of the anchoring brace (2) enters the longitudinal joint of the wall.
  • the threaded rod (7) sticks through the wall and is fastened by screwing onto a nut (21).
  • the anchoring brace (2) ensures that the connection piece (9) cannot rotate.
  • the railing support (3) may be attached to the railing anchor.
  • the railing support (3) slides with the supporting part (15) over the connection piece (9) of the railing anchor until it lies against sliding member (11).
  • Connection piece (19) ensures that railing support (3) as well as anchoring brace (2) of the railing anchor cannot possibly slide backwards and moreover ensures that rotation is no longer possible.
  • the anchoring brace (2) may only be removed from the wall after railing support (3) has been removed.
  • the snapper (17) of the railing support (3) takes grip into the anchor arm (13) such that the play between connection piece (9) and supporting part (15) is minimal.
  • the disassembly of the railing support (3) is achieved by removing the securing pin (19) and slide the railing support (3) off the railing anchor.
  • sliding member (11) of the railing anchor can freely slide backwards (away from the wall) to against the stop (12).
  • Plate (14) of anchoring brace (2) hereby comes out of the joint of the wall thereby allowing a rotating movement, through which the railing anchor can simply be removed from the wall.
  • the nut is unscrewed from the brickwork. It is now possible to remove the railing anchor from the brickwork.
  • FIG. 7 a Railing anchor is shown which is screwed into the concrete wall (6). Prior to this a concrete screw cap (20) is embedded into the concrete wall (6). In addition a recess (22) is left into the concrete wall (6) at plate (14) height. The railing anchor is then screwed onto the concrete wall (6) after hardening and removal of the shuttering by turning the threaded rod (7) into the embedded concrete screw cap (20). By placing the stop bush (8) completely against the concrete wall, holding lip (14) at recess (22) height and sliding the sliding member (11) completely against the bush (8), lip (14) of the anchoring brace (2) enters the recess (22) of the concrete wall. The anchoring brace (2) ensures that the connection piece (9) cannot rotate.
  • the railing support (3) may be attached to the railing anchor.
  • the railing support (3) slides with the supporting part (15) over the connection piece (9) of the railing anchor until it lies against sliding member (11).
  • Connection piece (19) ensures that railing support (3) as well as anchoring brace (2) of the railing anchor cannot possibly slide backwards and moreover ensures that rotation is no longer possible.
  • the snapper (17) of the railing support (3) takes grip into the anchor arm (13) such that the play between connection piece (9) and supporting part (15) is minimal.
  • the disassembly of the railing support (3) is achieved by removing the securing pin (19) and slide the railing support (3) off the railing anchor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
EP04447127A 2003-05-20 2004-05-19 Ancrage de garde-corps et support de garde-corps correspondant Withdrawn EP1479851A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2003/0302A BE1015524A4 (nl) 2003-05-20 2003-05-20 Het leuningsanker en de leuningstaander als tijdelijke leuning bij de verwezenlijking van het bouwwerk.
BE200300302 2003-05-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1479851A1 true EP1479851A1 (fr) 2004-11-24

Family

ID=33034885

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04447127A Withdrawn EP1479851A1 (fr) 2003-05-20 2004-05-19 Ancrage de garde-corps et support de garde-corps correspondant

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP1479851A1 (fr)
BE (1) BE1015524A4 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1017137A3 (nl) * 2006-05-12 2008-03-04 Appelen Kurt Leuningsteunen en bijhorende leuningankers als randbeveiliging bij bo uwwerken.
GB2464787A (en) * 2009-07-18 2010-05-05 Anne Marie Heister Ladder anchor
ITMO20110207A1 (it) * 2011-08-10 2013-02-11 Imitata Elemento di ancoraggio e relativo apparato di sicurezza, particolarmente per la messa in sicurezza di operatori durante la realizzazione di rilevati.
GB2519859A (en) * 2013-10-21 2015-05-06 Singleleaf Ltd A method of constructing a building
CN107165431A (zh) * 2017-06-08 2017-09-15 中国建筑第六工程局有限公司 一种用于钢结构防护栏杆安装连接的专用扣件

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1601449A (en) * 1925-06-05 1926-09-28 Mckelvey Clyde Scaffold bracket
FR2050180A7 (fr) * 1969-06-04 1971-04-02 Guillo Michel
WO1998020215A1 (fr) * 1996-11-06 1998-05-14 Bruce Roy Charlesworth Systeme de barriere de securite
US6003630A (en) * 1997-06-24 1999-12-21 Construction Systems, Inc. Unilateral scaffold system
DE20001948U1 (de) * 2000-02-03 2000-03-23 Baumann Verwertungs Gmbh Im Bauwesen zu verwendendes Schutzgerüst
DE10152375A1 (de) * 2000-10-27 2002-05-23 Betomax Kunststoff Metall Konsolengerüst-Verankerung
DE10120897A1 (de) * 2001-04-27 2002-11-21 Thomas Lehnert Seitenschutzpfosten zum Erstellen von Absturzsicherungen an Bauwerken

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1591648A (en) * 1923-10-25 1926-07-06 Herman W Sittig Scaffold bracket

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1601449A (en) * 1925-06-05 1926-09-28 Mckelvey Clyde Scaffold bracket
FR2050180A7 (fr) * 1969-06-04 1971-04-02 Guillo Michel
WO1998020215A1 (fr) * 1996-11-06 1998-05-14 Bruce Roy Charlesworth Systeme de barriere de securite
US6003630A (en) * 1997-06-24 1999-12-21 Construction Systems, Inc. Unilateral scaffold system
DE20001948U1 (de) * 2000-02-03 2000-03-23 Baumann Verwertungs Gmbh Im Bauwesen zu verwendendes Schutzgerüst
DE10152375A1 (de) * 2000-10-27 2002-05-23 Betomax Kunststoff Metall Konsolengerüst-Verankerung
DE10120897A1 (de) * 2001-04-27 2002-11-21 Thomas Lehnert Seitenschutzpfosten zum Erstellen von Absturzsicherungen an Bauwerken

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1017137A3 (nl) * 2006-05-12 2008-03-04 Appelen Kurt Leuningsteunen en bijhorende leuningankers als randbeveiliging bij bo uwwerken.
GB2464787A (en) * 2009-07-18 2010-05-05 Anne Marie Heister Ladder anchor
GB2464787B (en) * 2009-07-18 2011-02-09 Anne Marie Heister A wall with a ladder anchor
ITMO20110207A1 (it) * 2011-08-10 2013-02-11 Imitata Elemento di ancoraggio e relativo apparato di sicurezza, particolarmente per la messa in sicurezza di operatori durante la realizzazione di rilevati.
GB2519859A (en) * 2013-10-21 2015-05-06 Singleleaf Ltd A method of constructing a building
GB2519859B (en) * 2013-10-21 2020-07-08 Singleleaf Ltd A method of constructing a building
CN107165431A (zh) * 2017-06-08 2017-09-15 中国建筑第六工程局有限公司 一种用于钢结构防护栏杆安装连接的专用扣件

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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