EP1476351A1 - Dispositif flottant semi-submersible de production petroliere, de stockage et de dechargement - Google Patents

Dispositif flottant semi-submersible de production petroliere, de stockage et de dechargement

Info

Publication number
EP1476351A1
EP1476351A1 EP03706693A EP03706693A EP1476351A1 EP 1476351 A1 EP1476351 A1 EP 1476351A1 EP 03706693 A EP03706693 A EP 03706693A EP 03706693 A EP03706693 A EP 03706693A EP 1476351 A1 EP1476351 A1 EP 1476351A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
tank
chambers
chamber
plurahty
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03706693A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Neil Alexander Keron
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PS Comtek Ltd
Original Assignee
PS Comtek Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0203997A external-priority patent/GB0203997D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0210978A external-priority patent/GB0210978D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0214699A external-priority patent/GB0214699D0/en
Application filed by PS Comtek Ltd filed Critical PS Comtek Ltd
Publication of EP1476351A1 publication Critical patent/EP1476351A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B35/4413—Floating drilling platforms, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices

Definitions

  • the oil industry frequently makes use of floating production and storage systems for developing small remote oil fields. These generally use a converted crude oil tanker moored to a purpose built mooring buoy. To minimize the wave, current and wind forces on the tanker, the mooring is designed to allow the vessel to weathervane around the buoy under the influence of the resultant environmental force. Processing equipment is mounted on the deck of the vessel.
  • Oil production from the reservoir is via one or more sub sea wellheads, through a flexible flowline from each wellhead to the mooring buoy and from the buoy to the vessel.
  • the system also incorporates lines to carry gas and or water from the vessel to the wellheads. Also incorporated are hydraulic and electrical lines from the vessel to allow control of the sub sea wellheads. Since the vessel must be free to rotate around the buoy, the numerous fluid flow paths through the buoy result in the need for a complicated and expensive device known as a swivel. This is a precision-engineered piece of equipment subject to high pressure, high temperature corrosive fluids from the reservoir and hence must be manufactured faultlessly if high maintenance costs are to be avoided.
  • a further disadvantage of floating production systems that employ oil tankers is that they are highly susceptible to pitching, rolling and heaving. Since the separation of the oil, water and gas which comprise the flmd stream from the reservoir is effected by means of gravity separation in large pressure vessels, the sloshing of the liquids caused by the ship's motion can cause serious inefficiencies in the separation process.
  • a semi-submersible vessel comprises a deck 1 supported above the water line (OWL) on a number of columns 30.
  • the columns extend from the deck to (typically) two flotation pontoons 31 located some distance below the water line.
  • the advantages of a semi-submersible over a ship-shaped vessel are two-fold. Firstly, the area exposed to the waves at the water line is less for a semi-submersible than for a ship-shaped vessel and hence the horizontal wave forces are reduced. Secondly, because the pontoons which provide the buoyancy are much further below the water line than the underside of a ship, the vertical forces are much less. (This is because the effects of a wave rapidly decrease as one moves deeper into the water.)
  • SSFP systems Semi-submersible floating production systems
  • SSFP systems have two disadvantages. Firstly, there is no significant capability for storage of the produced oil. This means that they can only be utilized where a pipeline is provided to carry the produced oil to an onshore storage/processing facility or where a dedicated moored tanker ship is provided adjacent to the SSFP vessel.
  • the second disadvantage is that the amount of processing equipment which can be fitted on deck is limited because the centre of gravity of the SSFP vessel is raised as weight is added to the deck. This reduces the resistance to overturning of the vessel. This resistance to overturning is quantified in a property of the vessel known as the metacentric height (usually designated GM).
  • GM metacentric height
  • a number of oil fields have been developed using a SSFP vessel which have used a converted second hand semi-submersible drilling vessel. Where the produced oil is viscous and needs large pressure vessels for separation or where gas injection or water injection equipment is required, new larger semi-submersibles are required to accommodate the equipment.
  • an oil storage assembly for a semi-submersible oil production vessel comprising a deck structure, at least two underwater pontoons for providing buoyancy to said deck structure, and a plurality of columns connecting said deck structure to said pontoons, characterised in that a concrete tank is attached below said pontoons, said concrete tank being subdivided into a plurality of chambers for storing fluid.
  • An arrangement for the storage of oil in accordance with the invention has the advantage that it provides a system for storing large quantities of oil which is not as susceptible to extreme environmental conditions, does not decrease, and in fact may be configured to increase the resistance to overturning of a rig with which it is used, and is easily maintained in situ.
  • the present invention preferably provides a semi- submersible, floating production, storage and offloading system for the development of offshore oil and gas fields comprising a drilling vessel, an oil storage assembly according to the invention attached to the base of the drilling vessel, means for utilizing the drilling vessel's ballast pumps to add or remove water from the bottom of each chamber of the tank and means for directing produced oil into or out of the top of each chamber.
  • the present invention further provides a method of storing oil in an offshore floating oil production facility comprising the steps of attaching to the bottom of a pontoon structure a concrete tank, which is subdivided into a plurality of chambers, filling said chambers with at least one fluid to adjust the buoyancy of the production facility, and displacing said fluid from said chambers by pumping produced oil thereinto in a controlled fashion such that the mass of the tank and its contents is maintained substantially constant.
  • the concrete tank is divided into a number of chambers, in particularly, by a plurality of fluid tight bulk heads, at least one of which chamber is located substantially centrally of the tank and is open at the top and bottom so as to provide a through opening in the tank.
  • a rig can carry out drilling or workover operations with the tank attached.
  • each chamber of the tank is maintained full of at least one fluid at all times so as to control the ballast of the arrangement.
  • the fluids used in this way may, for example, be sea water, oil, natural gas or a mixture of two or more of these.
  • At least some of the chambers preferably include a first inlet/outlet pipe which terminated substantially at the bottom of the chamber and a second inlet/outlet pipe which terminated substantially at the top of the chamber.
  • at least some of the chambers preferably include a water inlet outlet pipe and an oil inlet outlet pipe.
  • Each such chamber is then at least partially filled with water prior to commencement of oil production, that water being displaced from the chamber through the water pipe as oil is added to the chamber by means of the oil pipe.
  • oil may be evacuated from the tank, for example to a tank for transport to shore, by displacement using water injected through the water pipe.
  • the water pipe advantageously terminates close to the bottom of the chamber, since sea water is normally denser than oil, and preferably has a diffuser pipe on the end thereof so as to minimize the mixing of oil and water as water is pumped into the chamber.
  • the oil pipe then preferably terminates at the inner face of the upper surface of the chamber, which arrangement has the advantage that it avoids the possibility of a gas pocket building up in the tank.
  • each of the second plurality of chambers is preferably provided with a first pipe which terminates proximate to the bottom of the chamber and a second pipe which terminates proximate to the top of the chamber, wherein as oil is produced it is pumped into the chamber through said first pipe, displacing gas already in the chamber out through the second pipe.
  • said second plurality of chambers are arranged in a cascade arrangement with each second pipe extending from proximate to the top of one chamber to the bottom of the next chamber in the cascade so as to form the first pipe for said next chamber.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that the chambers of the cascade are filled or emptied in sequence rather than simultaneously, i.e. once the first chamber in the cascade is filled, it then overflows into the second.
  • only one of said second plurality of chamber contains a mixture of oil and gas - the rest being either filled with gas or with oil, thereby reducing the free liquid surfaces within the arrangement.
  • the first plurality of chamber constitute substantially 80% of the chambers and the second plurality substantially 20% oil being fed or extracted from said first and second chambers simultaneously, preferably with substantially 80% of the flow being directed to said first plurality of chambers and substantially 20% to said second plurality.
  • This has the advantage that, because the density of crude oil is substantially 80% that of sea water, a constant mass is maintained in the tank as oil is loaded or unloaded from the arrangement whilst at the same time the free surfaces of the fluids within the chambers is minimized, which is beneficial to the stability of the arrangement.
  • each chamber includes, in addition to said first and second inlet/outlet pipes, a third inlet/outlet pipe which terminates part way down the chamber, at a distance from the top of the chamber of substantially 20% of the height of the chamber.
  • the first pipe provides an inlet/outlet for sea water, the second an inlet outlet for gas and the third an inlet/outlet for oil, all chambers of the arrangement being equipped with an identical piping arrangement and being fed simultaneously.
  • each chamber being 80% filled with water with gas thereabove when no oil is present, the volume of gas within each chamber being varied as oil is added removed therefrom so as to ensure that the volume of water displaced by the oil as it is pumped in is only 80% of the volume of oil. In this way, the overall mass of the arrangement is kept constant.
  • Figure 1 shows a typical semi-submersible floating production system
  • Figure 2 shows in perspective a semi-submersible drilling rig with a concrete tank attached in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a sectional elevation of the drilling rig of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the connection between the chambers of the concrete tank of Figures 2 and 3;
  • Figures 5 and 6 are further schematic diagrams showing how the chambers are connected
  • Figure 7 shows additional detail of the drilling rig of Figures 2 and 3;
  • Figure 8 shows an alternative gas/oil/water loading/offloading arrangement.
  • the (hilling rig 1 has a concrete tank 2 attached below columns 30 and the pontoons 31.
  • the concrete tank is segmented by fluid tight bulk heads in the form of internal concrete walls 3.
  • At least one cell in the centre of the tank is constructed to be open at top and bottom to create a hole through the centre of the tank whereby the rig can carry out drilling or workover operations with the tank attached.
  • FIG. 3 and 5 for one chamber are the water inlet/outlet pipe 4 and the oil inlet outlet pipe 5.
  • the water pipe terminates in a diffuser pipe 6 close to the bottom of the chamber which minimizes mixing of the oil and water as water is pumped in.
  • the oil pipe terminates at the inner face of the upper surface to avoid the possibility of build-up of a gas pocket. To maintain the mass of the tank and contents constant as oil is produced or offloaded only 4/5 of the chambers operate on the oil over water principle shown in Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 shows a piping arrangement which ensures longitudinal stability of the tank by ensuring the centre of mass remains suitably stationary during the loading/unloading process of the oil over water chambers.
  • the remaining 1/5 of the chambers utilize a gas over oil scheme employing piping as shown in Figure 6.
  • Oil enters the first chamber A through oil pipe 9.
  • natural gas is vented via pipe 10 to chamber B.
  • chamber A is full, oil will then travel through pipe 10 to chamber B, displacing, in turn, the gas, via the link line into chamber C, and so on until all the chambers are full of oil and the gas has been vented from the final gas vent pipe 11. This process proceeds at the same time that 4/5 of the oil is being directed to the oil over water chambers.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example layout for the chambers with those operating a gas over oil scheme arranged in a line along the centre of the tank and those operating a water over oil scheme being arranged symmetrically on either side so as to ensure lateral stability during the loading/unloading process.
  • FIG. 8 An alternative arrangement to achieve this mass balance is shown in Figure 8.
  • the loading system is identical for all chambers.
  • Sea water inlet outlet pipes are provided at the bottom of the chambers, oil inlet outlet pipes are provided at 4/5 of the height of the chamber and natural gas inlet pipes are provided in the upper surface of the chambers.
  • every chamber is filled 4/5 with sea water with natural gas above.
  • oil is produced it enters via oil pipe 26 and sea water is displaced via water pipe 25.
  • natural gas is released via the gas inlet outlet pipe 27 to ensure that the volume of water displaced by the oil is only 4/5 of the volume of oil entering.
  • the invention is further characterised by the fact that the mass of tank and contents is slightly greater than the buoyancy of the tank. This means that to bring the combined semi-submersible/tank structure to the same draft that the semi-submersible normally operates uncombined, some ballast water must be removed from the semi- submersible causing a further improvement in the metacentric height of the combined vessel. This arrangement creates a tensile force between the tank and rig.
  • a further characterization of the invention is that this tensile force can be changed to a compressive force which is beneficial to the fatigue life of the vessel by eliminating any gap between the underside of the semi-submersible pontoons and the upper surface of the tank.
  • the centre of gravity of the tank and contents is slightly below the centre of buoyancy of the tank. This increases the metacentric height of the vessel allowing an increased payload to be added to the deck of the semi-submersible.
  • each chamber may be filled at least partially with gas, for example air, so as to reduce the total mass of the tank including its contents and hence reduce its draught so as to facilitate maintenance.
  • gas for example air
  • each oil-over-water chamber is connected to a breaktank 12 located inside a column of the semi-submersible as shown in Figure 7.
  • This breaktank is located below the elevation of the operating water level (OWL).
  • OWL operating water level
  • the breaktank is vented to atmosphere 13 and the water level in the breaktank is maintained by level switches 14 and 15 acting on the semi-submersible's seawater ballast pump 16 and control valve 17 to add or remove water as necessary.
  • the oil inlet outlet is vented to atmosphere at a safe location 18.
  • NPSH net positive suction head
  • FIG. 7 Also shown in Figure 7 are an oil export meter 20, a ballast water cleanup device 21, an oil in water alarm 22 and a gas/oil/water separator 23.
  • the invention is also characterised by the fact that all necessary valving, pumps and instrumentation for the seawater system can be located inside the columns of the semi-submersible where they are in a dry, benign environment and can be easily accessed for maintenance.
  • the invention requires no pipes or fittings protruding from the bottom of the tank. This allows easy construction onshore, skidding of the tank into the ocean, setting the tank on a suitable seabed for fitting to the semi-submersible.
  • the invention is also characterised by the ability to construct the connection between the tank and the semi-submersible rig in the dry even though this connection is underwater during normal operation. Once constructed the tank will be set on the seabed with a few metres of water above it. The semi-submersible at its minimum draft will be floated over the tank and deballasted down on to the top of the tank. The tank is then deballasted sufficient to lift the semi-submersible clear of the water allowing the permanent connection to be constructed in the dry.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de stockage de quantités commercialisables de pétrole brut dans un navire de production flottant semi-submersible. En vue du stockage, un réservoir en béton armé segmenté (2) est fixé au fond du navire semi-submersible. Le navire semi-submersible peut être une installation de forage déjà existante. En maintenant la masse du réservoir et celle de son contenu légèrement au-dessus du déplacement du réservoir et en plaçant le centre de gravité du réservoir en-dessous de son centre de flottabilité, on donne au navire semi-submersible une hauteur métacentrique acceptable. Le dispositif de stockage du pétrole facilite le maintien indispensable de la masse soit en stockant environ 4/5 du pétrole dans des chambres où le pétrole flotte sur l'eau et environ 1/5 dans des chambres ou le gaz flotte sur l'eau, soit en faisant usage d'une disposition gaz/pétrole/eau dans l'ensemble des chambres. Par ailleurs, les tuyaux réduisent au minimum la surface libre des liquides dans le réservoir. Cette conception permet de maintenir la pression interne du réservoir en-dessous de la pression externe, et par conséquent, de diminuer les besoins en consolidation. Cette conception confère une charge nette absolue à l'aspiration aux pompes de transport de pétrole situées au-dessus du réservoir de stockage, à un endroit qui facilite la maintenance. Cette conception permet également de loger l'ensemble des pompes, soupapes et instruments nécessaires à la manipulation de l'eau à l'intérieur de la coque du navire semi-submersible, ce qui facilite leur maintenance. Cette conception permet enfin de monter l'ensemble des soupapes, pompes et instruments nécessaires à la manipulation du pétrole à des endroits qui facilitent leur maintenance.
EP03706693A 2002-02-20 2003-02-11 Dispositif flottant semi-submersible de production petroliere, de stockage et de dechargement Withdrawn EP1476351A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0203997A GB0203997D0 (en) 2002-02-20 2002-02-20 Floating semi-submersible oil production and storage arrangement
GB0203997 2002-02-20
GB0210978 2002-05-14
GB0210978A GB0210978D0 (en) 2002-05-14 2002-05-14 Floating semi-submersible oil production and storage arrangement
GB0214699A GB0214699D0 (en) 2002-06-26 2002-06-26 Floating semi-submersible oil production & storage arrangement
GB0214699 2002-06-26
PCT/GB2003/000585 WO2003070562A1 (fr) 2002-02-20 2003-02-11 Dispositif flottant semi-submersible de production petroliere, de stockage et de dechargement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1476351A1 true EP1476351A1 (fr) 2004-11-17

Family

ID=27256381

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03706693A Withdrawn EP1476351A1 (fr) 2002-02-20 2003-02-11 Dispositif flottant semi-submersible de production petroliere, de stockage et de dechargement

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20050163572A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1476351A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1646362A (fr)
AU (1) AU2003208405A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0307983A (fr)
GB (1) GB2385564B (fr)
MA (1) MA26406A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20043560L (fr)
NZ (1) NZ534878A (fr)
TN (1) TNSN04157A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003070562A1 (fr)

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BRPI0601273B1 (pt) * 2006-04-17 2019-02-12 Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Fpso em forma de mono-coluna
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WO2009117901A1 (fr) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-01 Wu Zhirong Dispositif de stockage et de déchargement de liquides, et installations de forage et de production en mer basés sur ce dispositif
BRPI0917142B1 (pt) 2008-08-29 2020-02-04 Horton Wison Deepwater Inc método para armazenar petróleo, sistema flutuante para armazenagem de petróleo e vergôntea celular
CN101665143A (zh) * 2008-09-05 2010-03-10 吴植融 多功能海上基地和压载海水与lng或lpg等质量置换方法
WO2010144187A1 (fr) * 2009-06-11 2010-12-16 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systèmes et procédés de récupération d'hydrocarbures sous-marins
US8491350B2 (en) 2010-05-27 2013-07-23 Helix Energy Solutions Group, Inc. Floating production unit with disconnectable transfer system
CN102358403B (zh) * 2011-08-18 2015-12-09 烟台中集来福士海洋工程有限公司 用于半潜平台的反倾覆系统以及半潜平台
CN102756794B (zh) * 2012-06-07 2015-01-07 中国海洋石油总公司 水面以下储油的半潜式生产平台
US9327805B2 (en) * 2012-08-07 2016-05-03 China National Offshore Oil Corporation Vertical oil storage system and its method for deepwater drilling and production
WO2014047926A1 (fr) * 2012-09-29 2014-04-03 Wu Zhirong Dépôt de liquide côtier
GB2507370B (en) * 2013-05-15 2014-10-15 Atkins Ltd Compact floating production, storage and offloading facility
CN103466052A (zh) * 2013-09-12 2013-12-25 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 整体浮箱式半潜型平台
WO2018210197A1 (fr) * 2017-05-16 2018-11-22 唐山航岛海洋重工有限公司 Grande structure flottante, et module de base de très grande structure flottante
CN115140256B (zh) * 2022-03-29 2023-10-27 广东海洋大学 一种半潜式海上采油平台

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1646362A (zh) 2005-07-27
GB2385564A (en) 2003-08-27
US20050163572A1 (en) 2005-07-28
MA26406A1 (fr) 2004-12-01
NZ534878A (en) 2006-03-31
GB0303109D0 (en) 2003-03-19
BR0307983A (pt) 2004-12-07
GB2385564B (en) 2005-08-17
AU2003208405A1 (en) 2003-09-09
WO2003070562A1 (fr) 2003-08-28
TNSN04157A1 (en) 2007-03-12
WO2003070562A8 (fr) 2003-12-24
NO20043560L (no) 2004-09-17

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