EP1473866B1 - Générateur de micro-ondes pour l'émission d'énergie hyperfréquence - Google Patents

Générateur de micro-ondes pour l'émission d'énergie hyperfréquence Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1473866B1
EP1473866B1 EP20040009616 EP04009616A EP1473866B1 EP 1473866 B1 EP1473866 B1 EP 1473866B1 EP 20040009616 EP20040009616 EP 20040009616 EP 04009616 A EP04009616 A EP 04009616A EP 1473866 B1 EP1473866 B1 EP 1473866B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capacitors
electrode
microwave generator
microwave
capacitor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20040009616
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1473866A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Urban
Helmut Hofmann
Josef Dommer
Geoffrey Dr. Staines
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diehl BGT Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Diehl BGT Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1473866A1 publication Critical patent/EP1473866A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H13/00—Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
    • F41H13/0043—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target
    • F41H13/0068—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target the high-energy beam being of microwave type, e.g. for causing a heating effect in the target
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B11/00—Generation of oscillations using a shock-excited tuned circuit
    • H03B11/02—Generation of oscillations using a shock-excited tuned circuit excited by spark
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/60—Jamming involving special techniques
    • H04K3/62—Jamming involving special techniques by exposing communication, processing or storing systems to electromagnetic wave radiation, e.g. causing disturbance, disruption or damage of electronic circuits, or causing external injection of faults in the information

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave generator and a method for emitting microwave energy according to the preamble of the main claims.
  • the invention is based on the technical problem of providing a microwave generator and a method for emitting microwave energy with regard to the energy supply self-sufficient, unproblematic in terms of apparatus dimensions and designed to be optimized for different application scenarios, especially with regard to the radiation spectrum and radiated energy density.
  • the recoverable by means of about a small-sized battery-powered Marx generator high-voltage energy is fed antenna side into a succession successively parallel to be switched capacitors.
  • the successive parallel circuits at short intervals in parallel occurs via a spark gap as soon as the capacitor located in front of it is charged to the following capacitor opposite to the arc voltage for breakdown of the spark gap to this subsequent capacitor out.
  • the charging process that takes place is determined primarily by the capacity of the newly charged capacitor and is therefore beyond its electrode size, the electrode gap and the dielectric between the capacitor electrodes structurally influenced.
  • the pulses in the pulse packet have, depending on the mechanical design of the system with gaseous dielectric, a repetition frequency of the order of typically 150 MHz with a radiation spectrum around 100 MHz per switching path, which occurs at e.g. six switching paths to a radiated microwave spectrum of 600 MHz superimposed.
  • the microwave spectrum can therefore be constructively influenced in terms of noise length (i.e., number of pulses in the pulse packet) and spectral content via the mechanical design of the microwave generator within wide limits, especially with respect to its successive parallel to be switched capacitors.
  • the structural design of a microwave generator on the functional basis of the pulse train generation over a staggered switching capacitor chain while charging from the high voltage generator preferably consists of a number consecutively arranged capacitor electrodes, which are designed geometrically as a succession of spark gaps, while their respective opposite capacitor electrodes interconnected are. The frontal mutual distances of the spark gaps are ensured by parallel to them spacers.
  • the first to be charged from the high voltage generator of this series of capacitors is electrically connected at its spark gap electrode to the radiation antenna.
  • The is preferably designed for impedance matching as a frustoconical conductor.
  • the high voltage feed into the condenser chain is expediently not the connection between the radiation antenna and the first spark gap, but on the Abstrahlantenne to already detect the triggered by the arc switching violent current oscillation on this feeder for the microwave radiation.
  • coaxial microwave generator 11 consists essentially of a tubular housing 12 made of high voltage resistant insulating material, within which an axial stack of hollow cylindrical capacitors 13 is arranged.
  • annular electrodes 15, 16 on.
  • the annular inner electrodes 15-15 of the capacitors 13 are spaced apart in the columnar stack each have a clear axial distance 17 from each other.
  • Their outer or counter-electrodes 16 are, as shown in FIG. 2, electrically connected in parallel to each other and therefore structurally integrally formed as shown in FIG. 1 as the electrode stack 15-15 coaxially surrounding tube. But also the opposite structure (ie external switched electrodes 15 in an internal rod-shaped continuous counter electrode 16) can be realized.
  • Fig. 1 thus extends over the axial stack of mutually axially spaced annular inner electrodes 15 for all capacitors 13 continuously tubular counter electrode 16 coaxially along the inner wall of the housing 12th
  • annular electrodes 15 are each formed as the hollow cylindrical walls of a pot 18, the centrally perforated bottom 19 is traversed without play by a round rod-shaped support 20 made of high-voltage resistant material common to all such pots 18.
  • the axial distances 17 between the annular electrodes 15 and between their pot bottoms 19 are determined in accordance with the axial electrode lengths by the lengths of sleeve-shaped spacers 21 made of high voltage resistant insulating material, which are also supported on the insulating support 20 between the axially successive bottoms 19 ,
  • spacer elements 21 against each other and against an abutment 24 at the opposite end face of the carrier 20 axially clamped By means of a screwed in front of the free end face 23 of the carrier 20 end cap 22 of the axial stack of pot bottoms 19 and located between them spacer elements 21 against each other and against an abutment 24 at the opposite end face of the carrier 20 axially clamped.
  • the counter-electrode 16 which surrounds the stack in a tubular manner, terminates with a convex collar 25 roughly following the field line course in the interest of high-voltage rollover resistance.
  • a flange 30 is provided, which may be formed integrally with the counter electrode 16 as sketched and then at the same time as a housing bottom 31 and as a connecting conductor 32 to a disc-shaped terminal electrode 33 in front of the free end edge the antenna terminal opposite, the last of the annular electrodes 15 is used.
  • the capacitor bank 34 of an example battery-powered small-sized Marx high-voltage generator 35 via an operating switch 36 (preferably in the design of a self-igniting or a Fremdgetriggerten spark gap) and the inductance 37 of the supply line to the electrically conductive structure of the radiation antenna 26.
  • an operating switch 36 preferably in the design of a self-igniting or a Fremdgetriggerten spark gap
  • the inductance 37 of the supply line to the electrically conductive structure of the radiation antenna 26.
  • the clear axial distance 17 thus serves as an arc switch 39 for delayed in accordance with the charging time constant of the preceding capacitor 13 start of the charging of the next of the capacitors 13-13.
  • Their height and the frequency spectrum contained in them can be varied by the capacitances of the capacitors 13, which need not be equal to each other, ie in particular by the radial distance between the electrodes 15-16 , by the size of the opposing electrode surfaces (15 opposite 16) and by the dielectric between the two, but also influenced by the determined by electrode shape and distance response of the arc switch 39 and the time interval between two pulses 40 is from the capacity 13th influenced, but significantly by the S ystemindukt Chemistry 37 im Charging circuit to the capacitances 13 determined.
  • the number of successive pulses and thus the time length of the pulse packet of the microwave radiation can be varied by the number of electrodes 15 located in front of each other.
  • the rapid succession of pulses 40 results in an increase in the center frequency of the radiated spectrum.
  • the pulse spacing in the pulse packet and the frequency spectrum radiated therefrom can be influenced over the length of the switched ring electrodes 15 and their arc response.
  • a typical design with six spark gap switches 39 has a response sequence of 10 ns determined by the charging inductance 37 and, in the pulse packet 40, results in a frequency mixture determined by the capacitances 13 of 600 MHz.
  • the radiated energy increases.
  • the radiated energy increases with the square of the high voltage charging voltage from the generator 35 and with the antenna capacity. This is proportional to the existing in the housing 12 dielectric constant. Therefore, there is a noticeable increase in performance, with a reduced spectrum when the housing 12 is filled instead of gas with an insulating material of higher dielectric constant, in particular with distilled water or with oil.
  • intensive microwave radiation of particularly high bandwidth and energy can be achieved over a relatively longer period of time, since the radiation does not occur during the discharge of previously charged capacitors via the antenna, but during the discharge of the capacitive high voltage generator 35 through the antenna 26 in a succession in parallel with switching capacitors 13 inside.
  • The are preferably constructed following the antenna 26 as a concentric stack, of which the outer reference electrode lying electrodes 16 are formed as a continuous tube within which on a support 20 axially spaced so ring electrodes 15 are arranged that they at the same time as the Electrodes of arc switches 39 for the successive connection of subsequent capacitors 13 act.
  • the switch response and the charging time constants of it each switched capacitor 13 and their number determine the length of the packet of very high-frequency pulses individual 40 and thus the radiated microwave energy, which can be increased by increasing the capacity of the capacitors 13 yet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Générateur de micro-ondes (11) comprenant une antenne émettrice (26) connectée à des condensateurs (13) dont la charge doit être transférée, et un générateur de haute tension (35) en tant que fournisseur d'énergie pour la charge des condensateurs (13), le générateur de haute tension (35) étant connecté par l'intermédiaire de l'antenne d'émission (26) à une séquence de condensateurs (13) qui peuvent se connecter les uns aux autres successivement, une séquence coaxiale de condensateurs annulaires (13) étant prévue, dont chaque électrode (16) est connectée aux autres, alors que l'autre électrode (15) peut être connectée par l'intermédiaire d'un commutateur (39) à l'électrode voisine, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes annulaires (15) sont conformées en pots avec un fond perforé au centre (19), au moyen duquel elles sont rangées les unes à cRté des autres sur un support (20).
  2. Générateur de micro-ondes selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des espaceurs (21) sont disposés entre les fonds de pot (19) sur le support (20).
  3. Générateur de micro-ondes selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes en forme de pot (15) sont contraints axialement sur le support (20) au moyen d'une coiffe frontale (22) et des espaceurs (21) entre leurs fonds (19).
  4. Générateur de micro-ondes selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une antenne émettrice de forme tronconique (26) est centrée par le support (20) et est connectée électriquement par sa plus petite base (27) au premier condensateur (13) voisin de celle-ci sur le support (20).
  5. Générateur de micro-ondes selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les espaces (17) entre les électrodes en forme de pots (15) et leurs profilés avant sont dimensionnés comme commutateurs à arc (39).
  6. Générateur de micro-ondes selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dernier condensateur (13) éloigné de l'alimentation en énergie présente un commutateur à arc (39) près d'une électrode de fermeture (33) qui se trouve au potentiel de la contre-électrode (16).
EP20040009616 2003-04-29 2004-04-23 Générateur de micro-ondes pour l'émission d'énergie hyperfréquence Expired - Lifetime EP1473866B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10319475.4A DE10319475B4 (de) 2003-04-29 2003-04-29 Mikrowellengenerator und Verfahren zum Abstrahlen von Mikrowellenenergie
DE10319475 2003-04-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1473866A1 EP1473866A1 (fr) 2004-11-03
EP1473866B1 true EP1473866B1 (fr) 2006-08-30

Family

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EP20040009616 Expired - Lifetime EP1473866B1 (fr) 2003-04-29 2004-04-23 Générateur de micro-ondes pour l'émission d'énergie hyperfréquence

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7002300B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1473866B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10319475B4 (fr)
IL (1) IL161647A (fr)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004031333A1 (de) * 2004-06-29 2006-02-09 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Mikrowellengenerator
DE102005044353B4 (de) * 2005-09-16 2011-05-26 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Mikrowellengenerator
DE102005049538B4 (de) * 2005-10-17 2011-12-08 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Antennen-Array
DE102006002652A1 (de) * 2006-01-19 2007-08-02 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Hochleistungs-Mikrowellengenerator zum Abstrahlen kurzer Impulse, dessen Verwendung in einem Array und Array aus derartigen Mikrowellen-Generatoren
US20070251637A1 (en) * 2006-04-26 2007-11-01 James Barss Locally bonding multi-layer arrays
DE102006030514B4 (de) * 2006-07-01 2008-04-10 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Mikrowellengenerator
DE102006033374A1 (de) 2006-07-19 2008-01-31 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Erzeugen und Abstrahlen eines Hochleistungs-Mikrowellenpulses
DE102006037209B4 (de) * 2006-08-09 2010-08-12 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Einrichtung zum Detektieren von Hochleistungs-Mikrowellenpulsen
DE102007044821B4 (de) 2007-09-20 2009-07-23 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Mikrowellengenerator
US8416140B2 (en) 2009-07-27 2013-04-09 Jonathan R. Mayes Integrated resonator and dipole for radiation of high power RF energy
DE102013207328A1 (de) * 2013-04-23 2014-10-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Hochspannungsimpulsen
FR3031189B1 (fr) * 2014-12-31 2019-06-07 Thales Reseaux d'oscillateurs commutes
FR3031191B1 (fr) * 2014-12-31 2019-04-26 Thales Oscillateur commute compact dans un dielectrique liquide
US10317558B2 (en) * 2017-03-14 2019-06-11 Saudi Arabian Oil Company EMU impulse antenna

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DE164383C (fr) * 1904-01-30
US3484619A (en) * 1966-10-24 1969-12-16 Ikor Inc Radio frequency generators
US3535582A (en) * 1968-03-18 1970-10-20 Joslyn Mfg & Supply Co Unitary series spark gap with aligned apertures
US3748528A (en) * 1972-03-23 1973-07-24 Ikor Inc Microwave generator
US3845322A (en) * 1972-07-03 1974-10-29 Physics Int Co Pulse generator
FR2520951A1 (fr) * 1982-02-04 1983-08-05 Commissariat Energie Atomique Generateur d'impulsions electromagnetiques de haute tension
DE3216285C2 (de) * 1982-04-26 1986-07-24 Hahn-Meitner-Institut für Kernforschung Berlin GmbH, 1000 Berlin Impulsgenerator mit einer Gleichspannungsquelle
CH673357A5 (fr) * 1987-03-02 1990-02-28 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
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DE10151565B4 (de) * 2001-10-23 2004-09-30 Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Mikrowellengenerator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1473866A1 (fr) 2004-11-03
DE10319475B4 (de) 2017-03-09
DE10319475A1 (de) 2004-12-02
DE502004001302D1 (de) 2006-10-12
US7002300B2 (en) 2006-02-21
IL161647A (en) 2008-07-08
IL161647A0 (en) 2004-09-27
US20040217711A1 (en) 2004-11-04

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