EP1473265A1 - "Führungsvorrichtung zur Führung eines Lastträgers einer Aufzugsanlage" - Google Patents
"Führungsvorrichtung zur Führung eines Lastträgers einer Aufzugsanlage" Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1473265A1 EP1473265A1 EP20040009496 EP04009496A EP1473265A1 EP 1473265 A1 EP1473265 A1 EP 1473265A1 EP 20040009496 EP20040009496 EP 20040009496 EP 04009496 A EP04009496 A EP 04009496A EP 1473265 A1 EP1473265 A1 EP 1473265A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- guide
- elastic
- load carrier
- elements
- elastic element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/02—Guideways; Guides
- B66B7/04—Riding means, e.g. Shoes, Rollers, between car and guiding means, e.g. rails, ropes
- B66B7/046—Rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/02—Guideways; Guides
- B66B7/04—Riding means, e.g. Shoes, Rollers, between car and guiding means, e.g. rails, ropes
- B66B7/048—Riding means, e.g. Shoes, Rollers, between car and guiding means, e.g. rails, ropes including passive attenuation system for shocks, vibrations
Definitions
- the invention relates to a guide device for guiding a load carrier an elevator installation along at least one guide surface according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an elevator system with the guide device.
- load carrier in this context, all movable masses understood, which are moved in a lift system along a guide surface can. Lift cubicles or counterweights fall under this term in particular. The latter are used in an elevator system to compensate for the weight of others Load carrier.
- a guide device of the type mentioned is used in elevator systems to the To stabilize position of a load carrier movable along a guide surface.
- a such guide device usually has at least one guide element, which is in contact with the guide surface and by means of a connecting element is connected to the load carrier such that the guide element relative to Load carrier or the load carrier is movable relative to the guide element.
- the respective Guide surface defined by the surface of a guide rail and as Guide element in each case a role and as a connecting element in each case an elastic deformable structure having an axis of rotation of the roller with the respective load carrier connects find use.
- the connecting element may for example be a spring or an arrangement of several springs.
- To guide the respective load carrier can also have multiple guide surfaces and accordingly several Guide elements are used.
- Connecting elements that are elastic under mechanical stress Allow deformation, offer the possibility of a guide element so with a To connect load carrier and in each case to keep in contact with a guide surface that the respective connecting element in comparison with a relaxed state by a predetermined dimension is deformed and thus has a predetermined bias. Due to the bias, each guide element exerts on the respective guide surface a power out.
- Such fasteners are used to support the load carrier to stabilize an equilibrium position with respect to a guide surface. If at one Deflection of the load carrier from the equilibrium position the respective Connecting element is deformed, then it results in a on the load carrier acting restoring force whose size with increasing deflection of the load carrier from the equilibrium position increases and thus counteracts the deflection. Thus, will ensures that the load carrier is in an equilibrium position with respect to the respective Guide surface occupies when the guide element with the respective guide surface constantly in contact.
- the respective connecting element essentially determines the driving behavior of a longitudinal a guide surface moving load carrier. Of particular importance is the Stiffness of the connecting element.
- the rigidity of the connecting element is a Measure of a change in the strength that must be realized to the location of each Guide element to change by a predetermined distance.
- a guide device for guiding an elevator car plays the Rigidity of a fastener in terms of ride comfort essential Role.
- the fasteners must in any case be designed so that they maximum permissible disturbing forces and a deviation of the load carrier from a predetermined equilibrium position in a given framework hold. at a design of a connecting element in terms of rigidity must different requirements are taken into account. If the stiffness is too big, then is the elevator car via a connecting element and the corresponding Guide element coupled hard to the respective guide surface. In this case lead When driving the elevator car disturbing forces due to oddities of a Guide surface or load shifts in the cabin to hard bumps caused by Passengers would be considered unacceptable.
- the movement of the elevator car is relative to a guide device limited by the construction of a safety gear
- the Elevator cabin must have to the elevator car in an emergency to guide surfaces to slow down and hold a guide rail.
- a normal ride may namely the elevator car only so far from an equilibrium position with respect to Guide surfaces are deflected, that the safety gear does not interfere with the Guiding surfaces in contact device.
- EP 0 033 184 discloses a guide device for a load carrier Lift system known, in each case at least one guide element with the Guide surface is in contact and by means of a connecting element with the Load carrier is connected such that the guide element relative to the load carrier between different layers in a first and a second layer area is movable.
- the connecting element comprises a first and a second elastic Element in the form of a first and a second coil spring.
- the coil springs are arranged in series such that upon movement of the guide member in the first Layer area deformed both coil springs in the direction of their longitudinal extent become.
- a change in length of the first coil spring is mechanically limited such that during a movement of the guide element in the second layer area only the second elastic element is deformed.
- the two Coil springs each have a constant rigidity, the rigidity of the second coil spring is greater than the stiffness of the first coil spring. This results in a total rigidity of the connecting element, which by the respective Stiffnesses of the first and second coil spring determines and a function of respective position of the guide element is.
- the overall stiffness decreases in the second Layer area greater values than in the first layer area. In this construction of the Connecting element is both in the first layer area as well as in the second Layer area, the total stiffness of the connecting element in each case constant.
- the connecting element by suitable specifications for the stiffnesses of the first and the second coil spring, the guide element soft to couple to the guide surface, when the guide element in the first Layer area is located, and hard to couple to the guide surface when the Guide element is located in the second layer area.
- guide element from the first layer area to the second layer area is found abrupt transition from soft to hard coupling to the guide surface instead.
- the Overall rigidity of the connecting element therefore has a discontinuous jump at the transition of the guide element between the first layer area and the second layer area on. This abrupt transition is all the more disturbing in operation, depending greater is the difference between the stiffnesses of the two coil springs.
- each fastener record the maximum permissible interference forces and a Deviation of the load carrier from a predetermined equilibrium position in one must hold predetermined frame, the stiffness of the second coil spring the greater the smaller the stiffness of the first coil spring is interpreted. Accordingly, an improved ride comfort with small deflections achieved the load carrier from its equilibrium position and thereby a deteriorated Ride comfort accepted in the area of the transition between the first and the second layer area.
- the present invention is based on the object, a guide device for guiding a load carrier of an elevator system and an elevator system to create a improved ride comfort allows.
- this object is achieved by a guide device with the Features of claim 1 and an elevator installation with the features of the claim 13th
- the guiding device comprises at least one Guide element, which is in contact with a guide surface and by means of a Connecting element is connected to the load carrier such that the Guide element relative to the load carrier between different layers in a first and a second layer region is movable, wherein the connecting element is a first and a second elastic member.
- the elastic elements are so serial arranged that upon movement of the guide member in the first layer area both elastic elements are deformed and during a movement of the Guide element in the second layer area exclusively the second elastic Element is deformed. Since the guide element in contact with the guide surface stands, is due to the deformation of the elastic elements on the Guidance element generates force that is directed to the guide surface and the size of which depends on the respective position of the guide element. It is provided that a total rigidity of the connecting element is a function of respective position of the guide element and the overall rigidity in the second Layer area assumes larger values than in the first layer area.
- Total rigidity in this context is the change in the Guiding element acting force understood that needs to be realized to the location of the guide element to change by a predetermined distance.
- the second elastic element is designed such that a Rigidity of the second elastic element upon compression of the element in FIG second layer area grows, and that the overall rigidity of the fastener at a transition of the guide element between the first and the second Layer area has a largely continuous course.
- Essential for the invention is the selection of the two elastic elements whose elastic properties are suitably matched to each other.
- the first and the second elastic member respectively deformed to different degrees.
- the degree of deformation of each elastic element varies the force acting on the guide element.
- the force that the guide element on the Guide surface exerts determined by the first and the second elastic element, since both elastic elements are arranged serially and during a movement of the Guide element deformed in this layer area both elastic elements become.
- the force that is the Guide element exerts on the guide surface, depending on the current Position of the guide element exclusively by the second elastic element determined, since during a movement of the guide element in the second layer area only the second elastic element is deformed. Because of that Stiffness of the second elastic element in a compression of this element in second layer area grows, can on the guide element in the second layer area a force is exerted which shows a progressive behavior, i. growing nonlinear, when the guide member is moved relative to the load carrier so that the second elastic element is increasingly put under compression.
- Progressive behavior is beneficial in two ways.
- one can strong compression of the second elastic element in the second layer area a relatively large force is exerted on the guide element, wherein the rigidity of the second elastic element is relatively large and thus a relatively hard coupling of Guide element is realized on the guide surface.
- the stiffness decreases of the second elastic element upon movement of the guide element in the second Layer area towards the first layer area with decreasing compression of the second elastic element.
- the first elastic element have a relatively small rigidity and with the second elastic element cooperate in such a way that the overall rigidity of Connecting element at a transition of the guide element from the first Layer region to the second layer region has a largely continuous course.
- the elastic properties of the first and second elastic Elements are coordinated so that the overall rigidity of Connecting element no jump in the transition of the guide element between the first layer region and the second layer region. On this basis an improved ride comfort is realized.
- a second elastic element for example, a solid body is suitable, in a Compression has a stiffness that increases with compression. Alone by the Choice of the outer dimensions, the rigidity of such a trained elastic element can be influenced. This opens a simple approach the properties of the second elastic element to the properties of a to adapt to predetermined first elastic element in accordance with the invention largely continuous course of the overall rigidity of the connecting element at a Transition of the guide element between the first and second layer area realize.
- the second elastic element could for example be a solid in the Form a cylinder or cuboid or another spatial form.
- the outer ones Dimensions of such a second elastic member are a simple one controllable size and usually have one with simple methods calculable influence on the elastic properties of the element, in particular on the magnitude of the force required for the deformation of the element by a given amount Measure is to raise. This simplifies the effort in the construction of Guiding devices that need to be specifically optimized for different requirements, for example with regard to the compensation of Transverse forces that can act on a load carrier across the guide surfaces, if the load carrier is moved along the guide surfaces.
- the size of the lateral forces varies over a wide range depending on a number of parameters Elevator installation, for example of the mass, the external dimensions and the Travel speed of the load carrier.
- the elastic elements are biased when the guide element is a normal position with respect to the load carrier occupies.
- the term normal position is used in this Connection understood the position of a guide member relative to the load carrier in the event that the load carrier is in an equilibrium position relative to the guide surfaces occupies, i. that no force acts on the load carrier, which is a change of the Distance between the load carrier and one of the guide surfaces causes.
- the Preloading the elastic elements on the one hand ensures that the guide element at a deviation of the load carrier from the equilibrium position with the guide surface stays in touch.
- the Preload can be used as an additional parameter for optimization.
- the Bias can be the elastic properties of a number of suitable materials, from which the elastic elements can be formed, changed to the Overall stiffness of the connecting element to influence suitable.
- the second elastic element could, for example, a formed of an elastomer Be solid.
- elastomers form a suitable class of substances the family of polyurethanes, in particular the cellular or mixed-celled Polyurethanes.
- the elastic properties of such elastomers vary - for example, depending on the density and a predetermined bias voltage - over a relatively large parameter range.
- the stiffness of cellular or For example, as a rule, mixed-cell polyurethane elastomers are included increasing density and increasing compression too. In particular, the stiffness decreases usually above a compression of about 30% with increasing compression extremely nonlinear too. Depending on the density of the polyurethane material, the stiffness at Small compression of less than 30% decrease with increasing compression.
- the second elastic element is formed from such an elastomer, then it stands relatively large parameter range available to the elastic properties of the second elastic element to match the elastic properties of a first elastic element, which together with the second elastic element Connecting element according to the invention forms.
- the rigidity of the first elastic element may be constant.
- the elastic element of a spring for example a Coil spring, be formed.
- the first elastic element is essentially only deformed, when the guide element occupies a position in the first layer area, can different options. It can, for example, one or more Limiter elements used to deform the first elastic Elements in a movement of the guide member relative to the load carrier on a to limit the given measure. In particular, such limiter elements be arranged so that the first elastic element is deformed only when the guide element is in the first layer area, and no further Deformation is subjected when the guide element in the second layer area emotional. Another option is elastic elements, whose compression due to the Form of the elastic element itself is limited to a predetermined amount.
- Latter Option is realized for example by a coil spring: This can in their Lengthwise compressed only to a minimum length, resulting from the number the turns of the spring and the thickness of each turn.
- a further development of the guide device has a plurality of Guide element and the connecting element, wherein two of the Guiding elements together with the respective connecting elements such are arranged, that the guide elements are in contact with a guide surface and the respective connecting elements biased in the opposite direction are.
- Such a paired arrangement of guide elements with in opposite direction biased fasteners allows a Stabilization of the load carrier in an equilibrium position against deflections of the Load carrier from this equilibrium position in a direction perpendicular to Guide surface.
- a deflection in each case acts a connecting element the deflection, while the other connecting element due to the Preload the guide element connected to it in contact with the Guide surface holds.
- the bias to fine tune the elastic properties of the second elastic member may be used if
- the stiffness of the second elastic element is a function of Bias is.
- the Connecting elements biased in a normal position relative to the load carrier, in that the guide elements each have a position in the respective second layer area taking.
- the restoring forces exclusively of applied to one of the second elastic elements.
- each guide rail 5 has respective guide surfaces 6, 6 'and 6 ". on, wherein the guide surfaces 6 'and 6 "respectively parallel to each other and each are arranged perpendicular to the guide surface 6.
- 4 guide devices 10th provided, which are each attached to the load carrier 2.
- Each of the guiding devices 10 has guide elements 11, 11 'and 11 ", each having a carrier 13, 13' and 13" for each of the guide elements 11, 11 'and 11 "and in each case a base plate 18. Die Base plates 18 are attached to the load carrier 2.
- each of the guide elements 11, 11 'and 11 "each as a roller formed, each one in one of the carrier 13, 13 'and 13 "mounted Has axis of rotation and during a movement of the load carrier 2 along the Guide rails 5 each on one of the guide surfaces 6, 6 'and 6 "unrolls Guide the load carrier 2 along one of the guide rails 5 are each 2 Guiding devices 10 are provided, each at a distance from each other in Direction of the respective guide rail 5 are arranged.
- Each of the carriers 13, 13 'and 13 " is formed such that the load carrier 2 in a Plane transverse to the guide surfaces 6, 6 'and 6 "relative to the guide elements 11, 11 'and 11 "is movable. The respective range of motion is thereby constructive Details of the carriers 13, 13 'and 13 ", respectively.
- Each of the carriers 13, 13' and 13" respectively. comprises a lever 14, 14 'and 14 ", which each have a bearing for one of the axes of rotation 12, a pivot bearing 15 for the respective lever 14, 14 'and 14 ", one each Support 16, 16 'and 16 “, one connecting element 20, 20' and 20” and one each Guide 17, 17 'and 17 “for one of the connecting elements 20, 20' and 20".
- each Support 16, 16 'and 16 " is in each case firmly connected to one of the base plates 18 and forms a stable reference for one of the levers 14, 14 'and 14 ", respectively.
- a support 16, a lever 14, a pivot bearing 15, a guide 17 and a Connecting element 20 act together as follows.
- the lever 14 can around the Pivot 15 and along the guide 17 are pivoted and therefore different Take positions relative to the support 16 and thus to the load carrier 2.
- the guide 17 is firmly connected to the support 16.
- the connecting element 20 is in a manner that in the Connection with the figures 2 and 3 will be explained, elastically deformable and establishes a connection between the lever 14 and an end portion of the guide 17. If the lever 14 in the direction of the end remote from the support 16 end of the guide 17 moves, the connecting element 20 is elastically deformed and causes a Force that counteracts the movement of the lever.
- each of the supports 16 'and 16 ", the lever 14' and 14" the act Guides 17 'and 17 “and the connecting elements 20' and 20" together.
- the guides 17, 17 'and 17 “ are rod-shaped in the present example and have the function of one with a movement of one of the levers 16, 16 'or 16 " accompanying deformation of one of the connecting elements 20, 20 'or 20 "under To keep control.
- each carrier 13, 13 'or 13 acts with one Guide element 11, 11 'and 11 "together so that in an equilibrium position of the load carrier 2 all guide elements 11, 11 'and 11 "with one of the guide surfaces 6, 6 'or 6 "are in contact and the respective connecting elements 20, 20' or 20" are biased such that the guide elements 11, 11 'and 11 "each have a force on one of the guide surfaces 6, 6 'and 6 " Guiding devices 10 arranged such that all on the guide surfaces 6, 6 'and 6 "acting forces within a plane perpendicular to these guide surfaces are compensated when the load carrier 2 is in the equilibrium position.
- Fig. 2 shows a part of the load carrier 2 in a plan view in conjunction with one of Guide rails 5.
- the load carrier 2 momentarily under the action of a perpendicular to the guide surfaces 6 'and 6 "and is deflected parallel to the guide surface 6 acting disturbing force by a distance whose length is indicated by an arrow 7.
- the guide elements 11, 11 'and 11' are each in contact with one of the guide surfaces 6, 6 'and 6 " assumes that the levers 14, 14 'and 14 "with respect to the supports 16, 16' and 16" and Thus, each occupy a position relative to the load carrier 2, with the deflection of the Load carrier 2 from the equilibrium position is compatible.
- the connecting elements 20, 20 'and 20 are each made of a plurality of individual Components composed, each interacting in an analogous manner.
- the connecting element 20 comprises a first elastic element 21 and a second one elastic element 22, an abutment 25 and two limiter elements 26 and 27. All these components of the connecting element 20 are serially along the guide 17th arranged and each have a (not shown) passage opening for the Leadership 17 on.
- the abutment 25 is at the end remote from the support 16 the guide 17 fixed. Between the lever 14 and the abutment 25 are - in this Sequence - the limiter element 27, the first elastic element 21, the Limiter element 26 and the second elastic member 22 lined up.
- the elastic elements 21 and 22 are along the guide 17 so movable arranged that its extension along the guide 17 - depending on the position of the lever 14 in Regarding the abutment 25 - is variable.
- the first elastic member 21 and the second elastic member 22 each under a Compressive stress can be set when the distance between the lever 14 and the Abutment 25 - measured along the guide 17 - is chosen shorter than the Extension that occupies the connecting element 20 along the guide 17 when the elastic elements 21 and 22 are completely relaxed. Accordingly, that exercises Connecting element 20 exerts a force on the lever 14 in the direction of the support 16, when the first elastic member 21 and / or the second elastic member 22 under a compressive stress are set.
- the limiter elements 26 and 27 have two functions. On the one hand, they offer - as in the Detail still in connection with Fig. 3A-C will be explained - each a support surface for the first elastic element 21. By changing the distance between the Limiter elements 26 and 27, the longitudinal extent of the first elastic Elements 21 are changed in the direction of the guide 17. On the other hand, through yours Shaping the minimum distance that said bearing surfaces relative to each other can take, limited. This limit is reached when the limiter elements 26 and 27 are brought relative to each other along the guide 17 in a position in which they to touch (see Fig. 3A-C). This is the minimum length that is the first elastic element 21 in the longitudinal direction of the guide 17 may have, and thus Also, the maximum bias, the first elastic member 21 by a Compression in the longitudinal direction of the guide 17 can record, set.
- the connecting elements 20 'and 20 " have the same structure as that Connecting element 20.
- the connecting element 20 'or the connecting element 20 " have in a serial arrangement along a guide 17 'and 17 "on: an abutment 25 'and 25 ", which is attached to one end of the guide 17' and the guide 17" and corresponds to the abutment 25; a first elastic element 21 'or 21 ", which is the first elastic element 21 of the connecting element 20 corresponds; one Limiter element 26 'and 26 ", the limiting element 26 of the Connecting element 20 corresponds; a limiter element 27 'or 27 “, which is the Limiter element 27 of the connecting element 20 corresponds to; a second elastic Element 22 'and 22 ", the second elastic member 22 of the Connecting element 20 corresponds.
- Fig. 2 shows the connecting member 20 in a state of the Balance position of the load carrier 2 relative to the guide surface 6 is assigned.
- both the first elastic element 21 and the second elastic member 22 by a predetermined amount in the longitudinal direction of the guide 17th set under a compressive stress, i. biased.
- the limiter elements 26 and 27 touch each other.
- the minimum Longitudinal extension, the first elastic element 21 in the longitudinal direction of the guide 17, and thus also the maximum bias, which is the first elastic Receive element 21 by compression in the longitudinal direction of the guide 17 can, realized.
- the bias of the first elastic member 21 and the second elastic member 22 is selected so that the elastic members 21 and 22 in all Layers that can take the load carrier 2 during operation of the elevator system 1, under a Compressive stress are set.
- Connecting elements 20 'and 20 currently in tension states that are differ from the state of stress of the connecting element 20.
- the instantaneous compressive stress that the connecting element 20 "in the longitudinal direction the guide 17 ", greater than the compressive stress under which the Connecting element 20 is set in the direction of the guide 17.
- the instantaneous compressive stress which the connecting element 20 'in the longitudinal direction of the Guide 17 ', smaller than the compressive stress, under which the connecting element 20 is set in the direction of the guide 17.
- the connecting element 20 ' is so relaxed, that the compressive stress of the first elastic element 21 'is sufficient to prevent the Keep limiter elements 26 'and 27' at a distance such that they do not touch.
- the instantaneous longitudinal extent of the first elastic element 21 'in the direction of the guide 17' increased, compared with the Longitudinal extent, which is associated with the equilibrium position of the load carrier 2. Accordingly, the compressive stress that is the first elastic member 21 'of the Connecting element 20 ', less than the compressive stress, which is the first elastic element 21 or the first elastic element 21 " Case, the connecting element is stretched so that the guide element 11 'with a finite force on the guide surface 6 'acts.
- the first elastic members 21, 21 'and 21 " are each by coil springs realized, whose turns are each placed around one of the guides 17, 17 'and 17 ".
- a second elastic elements 22, 22 'and 22 " for example, solid body of a provided cellular or mixed-cellular polyurethane elastomer, which are sized are that they have a space between the abutment 25 and the limiter member 26th or between the abutment 25 'and the limiter element 26' or between the Abutment 25 "and the limiter element 26" fill.
- FIGS. 3A-C each show a part of the guide device 10 in the region of Connecting element 20.
- Figs. 3A-C illustrate the connecting element 20 in three different states, each by different positions of the lever 14 are characterized relative to the abutment 25. Each of these states corresponds Accordingly, another position of the guide member 11 relative to the load carrier 2.
- the limiter elements 26, 27 each have two cylindrical longitudinal sections 26a and 26c and 27a and 27c, respectively.
- the outer diameter of the longitudinal sections 26c and 27c are each smaller than the outer diameters of the longitudinal portions 26a and 27a.
- the limiter elements are arranged such that the longitudinal sections 26c and 27c in Direction of the guide 17 facing each other.
- the longitudinal sections 26c and 27c respectively each have a flat abutment surface 26d and 27d at the longitudinal portion 26a or 27a on the end. If the limiter elements 26 and 27 by a suitable movement of the lever 14 are brought into contact with each other, then touch the abutment surfaces 26d and 27d. This will create a uniform, positive power transmission between the limiter elements 26 and 27 achieved.
- the longitudinal extent of the longitudinal sections 26c and 27c in the direction of the guide 17th thus defines the minimum distance that the longitudinal sections 26a and 27a can take each other.
- the limiter elements 26 and 27 each have one Support surface 26b and 27b for the first elastic member 21 on.
- the first elastic Element 21 abuts against the bearing surfaces 26b and 27b, so that the first elastic Element 21 by a variation of the distance between the bearing surfaces 26 b and 27b deformed and thus placed under a compressive stress in the direction of the guide 17 can be.
- the force F which is transmitted to the connecting element 20 along the guide 17 by means of the lever 14, depends on the position of the load carrier and is referred to below as F (I).
- the distance between the bearing surfaces 26b and 27b corresponds to the respective longitudinal extension of the first elastic element 21 and is denoted by d 1 (I).
- d 2 (l) indicates the instantaneous distance between the limiter element 26 and the abutment 25 and thus the longitudinal extent of the second elastic element 22 in the direction of the guide 17.
- a first range of positions (hereinafter referred to as "A") with l> l 2 and a second range (hereinafter referred to as "B") of positions with l ⁇ l 2 are to be distinguished.
- A first range of positions
- B second range
- the guide member 11 When the guide member 11 is moved between different layers in the area A, both the first elastic member 21 and the second elastic member 22 are deformed and the respective compressive stresses which absorb the elastic members 21 and 22 are changed. If, on the other hand, the guide element 11 moves between different layers in the region B, then only the second elastic element 22 is deformed and the compressive stress which the second elastic element 22 receives changes.
- connecting element 20 is analogous transferable to the connecting elements 20 'and 20 ".
- FIGS. 4-6 illustrate Optimization of the guide device with regard to the handling of the load carrier Second
- the first elastic elements 21, 21 'and 21 each are springs whose longitudinal extent varies in each case linearly with a force F 1 acting in the longitudinal direction thereof
- the stiffness S is (qualitatively) 1 of the first elastic member 21, 21 'and 21 ", respectively.
- the stiffness S 1 is determined as the slope of the force F 1 as a function of the change ⁇ d 1 (l). 4A-B, the force F 1 and the stiffness S 1 are indicated only for the positions of the guide elements 11, 11 'and 11 ", respectively, which are assigned to the region A. S 1 is constant in the region A.
- the second elastic element is a solid of one Elastomer is, for example, polymers of the cellular or mixed-celled Polyurethane family.
- polyurethanes can be known a Variety of different elastomers form their elastic properties over a vary relatively large range and targeted by means of various parameters can be influenced.
- F 2 grows non-linearly with the change ⁇ d 2 (I), whereby the respective course of the force F 2 and in particular the size of the non-linearity substantially depends on the material used, but also on its density and the shape of the second elastic element 22, 22 ', 22 "depends.
- the stiffness S 2 of the second elastic element 22, 22 'or 22 is in each case determined as the gradient of the force F 2 according to FIG. 5 as a function of the change ⁇ d 2 (l) embodiments illustrated. 5, the stiffness S 2 to drastically for (compared to d 20) major changes .DELTA.d 2 (l).
- the force F required to determine the longitudinal extent of one of the connecting elements 20, 20 can be determined.
- a total stiffness S of the connecting elements-defined mathematically as the first derivative of the force F with respect to ⁇ l-can be determined from the course of the force F as a function of ⁇ l Force F as a function of ⁇ l is discussed below.
- optimization criteria are considered. These optimization criteria in particular determine the selection of the first elastic elements 21, 21 'or 21 " and the second elastic members 22, 22 'and 22 ", respectively.
- the bias determines the "operating point" of the guide elements 11, 11 'and 11 ", ie it determines which position the respective guide elements 11, 11' and 11" occupy when the load carrier 2 in an equilibrium position with respect to the guide rails. 5 located.
- the operating point can be in the range A, in the range B or in the transition between the ranges A and B. Furthermore, this bias influences the rigidity S 2 of the second elastic elements at the operating point (see FIG. 5). This operating point must be compatible with the above conditions a), b) and c).
- FIGS. 6A-B An example of an optimization according to criterion (ii) is shown in FIGS. 6A-B.
- FIG. 6B shows the total stiffness S as a function of the change .DELTA.l of the position of the Guide element 11, 11 'or 11 ".
- S is calculated from the course of the force F as Function of the change .DELTA.l the position of the guide member 11, 11 'and 11 "according to FIG. 6A.
- S indicates in each case the slope of the curve F for each change .DELTA.l.
- the vertical dashed lines in Figs. 6A and 6B respectively mark the transition between the area A (l> l 2 ) and B (l ⁇ l 2 ).
- the vertical dashed line in Fig. 5 marks the transition between the area A (l> l 2 ) and B (l ⁇ l 2 ) in the case of the curve (a).
- the parameter ranges ⁇ d 1 (I), ⁇ d 2 (I) and ⁇ l, which correspond to the regions A and B, are represented by double arrows in FIGS. 4-6. In this case, an exact upper limit of the area B in FIGS. 4-6 is not shown in each case (as by an extension of the double arrows indicated by B by means of a dotted line to large values for ⁇ d 1 (I), ⁇ d 2 (l) and ⁇ l is indicated) ..
- a connecting element 20, 20 'or 20 is realized, the stiffness of which increases as a function of the change .DELTA.l
- the total stiffness S shows a steady course in the transition from the layer region A to the layer region B.
- the sizes l 2 , ⁇ d 1 (l 2 ) and the cross-sectional area of the second elastic element 22, 22 'and 22 "transversely to the guide 17, 17' and 17", respectively, are adapted to provide a continuity jump in the overall stiffness S Transition between the layer areas A and B to minimize or disappear.
- the first elastic element does not necessarily have to be one Be performed coil spring.
- the first elastic element could also be Solid body made of an elastomer or another device with elastic Be properties.
- the first elastic element and the second elastic element also need not be formed in one piece. It is also conceivable the first elastic Element and / or the second elastic element according to the invention of several (identical or different) elastic components in either serial and / or parallel arrangement.
- the guide element could also be elastically deformable, for example a roller with an elastic roller covering that is in contact with one of the guide surfaces too bring is.
- a guide element could also be a slider, with one of the Guiding surfaces to bring into sliding contact can be provided.
- the guide device could also be equipped with an additional buffer element be, which is the deflection of one of the guide elements from the respective Normal position limited to a maximum value and thus the connecting elements 20, 20 ' or 20 "protects against overload.
Landscapes
- Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- einen Teil einer Aufzugsanlage mit einem Lastträger und mit mehreren erfindungsgemässen Führungsvorrichtungen, in einer Seitenansicht;
- Fig. 2
- eine der Führungsvorrichtungen gemäss Fig. 1, mit je drei Führungs- und Verbindungselementen im Detail, in einer Draufsicht auf die Aufzugsanlage;
- Fig. 3A-C
- ein Verbindungselement der Führungsvorrichtung gemäss Fig. 2, jeweils für verschiedene Stellungen des Führungselements;
- Fig. 4A
- ein Beispiel für den Verlauf einer an einem ersten elastischen Element angreifenden Kraft als Funktion einer Längenänderung des ersten elastischen Elements;
- Fig. 4B
- die Steifigkeit des ersten elastischen Elements gemäss Fig. 4A als Funktion einer Längenänderung des ersten elastischen Elements;
- Fig. 5
- Beispiele für den Verlauf einer an einem zweiten elastischen Element angreifenden Kraft als Funktion einer Längenänderung des zweiten elastischen Elements;
- Fig. 6A
- Verlauf der auf ein Verbindungselement wirkenden Kraft als Funktion einer Längenänderung des Verbindungselements, für optimal aufeinander abgestimmte elastische Eigenschaften des ersten und des zweiten elastischen Elements;
- Fig. 6B
- Verlauf einer Gesamtsteifigkeit des Verbindungselements gemäss Fig. 6A als Funktion einer Längenänderung des Verbindungselements.
- Verschiedene Elastomere stehen als Werkstoff für das zweite elastische Element 22, 22' bzw. 22" zur Verfügung und die äusseren Abmessungen des zweiten elastischen Element 22, 22' bzw. 22" können variiert werden, beispielsweise die Längserstreckung in Richtung der Führung 17, 17' bzw. 17" und die Querschnittfläche quer zur der Führung 17, 17' bzw. 17".
- Die Steifigkeit S1 für das erste elastische Element 21, 21' bzw. 21" kann vorgegeben werden.
- Die Verbindungselemente 20, 20' bzw. 20" können für den Fall, dass der Lastträger 2 eine Gleichgewichtslage bezüglich der Führungsschienen 5 einnimmt, vorgespannt werden.
Das erste elastische Element hat eine Steifigkeit S1=8N/mm, das zweite elastische Element besteht aus einem Polyurethan-Elastomer mit der Dichte D=0.4 g/cm3 und hat eine Kraft-Dehnungs-Charakteristik gemäss der Kurve (a) für die Kraft F2 in Fig. 5 und eine Längserstreckung d20 = 21 mm.
Claims (14)
- Führungsvorrichtung zur Führung eines Lastträgers (2) einer Aufzugsanlage (1) längs mindestens einer Führungsfläche (6, 6', 6"),mit mindestens einem Führungselement (11, 11', 11"), das mit der Führungsfläche (6, 6', 6") in Kontakt steht und mittels eines Verbindungselements (20, 20', 20") mit dem Lastträger (2) derart verbunden ist, dass das Führungselement (11, 11', 11") relativ zum Lastträger zwischen verschiedenen Lagen in einem ersten (A) und/oder einem zweiten (B) Lagenbereich bewegbar ist,wobei das Verbindungselement (20, 20', 20") ein erstes (21, 21', 21") und ein zweites (22, 22', 22") elastisches Element umfasst und die elastischen Elemente (21, 22; 21', 22'; 21", 22") derart seriell angeordnet sind, dass bei einer Bewegung des Führungselements (11, 11',11") im ersten Lagenbereich (A) beide elastischen Elemente (21, 22; 21', 22'; 21", 22") deformiert werden und bei einer Bewegung des Führungselements im zweiten Lagenbereich (B) ausschliesslich das zweite elastische Element (22, 22', 22") deformiert wird, undwobei eine Gesamtsteifigkeit (S) des Verbindungselements (20, 20', 20") eine Funktion der jeweiligen Lage des Führungselements (11, 11', 11") ist und die Gesamtsteifigkeit (S) im zweiten Lagenbereich (B) grösser ist als im ersten Lagenbereich (A),dass das zweite elastische Element (22, 22', 22") derart ausgebildet ist, dass eine Steifigkeit (S2) des zweiten elastischen Elements (22, 22', 22") bei einer Kompression des Elements im zweiten Lagenbereich (B) wächst, unddass die Gesamtsteifigkeit (S) des Verbindungselements (20, 20', 20") bei einem Übergang des Führungselements (11, 11',11") zwischen dem ersten (A) und dem zweiten (B) Lagenbereich einen weitgehend stetigen Verlauf aufweist.
- Führungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite elastische Element (22, 22', 22") ein Festkörper ist, wobei die Abmessungen des Festkörpers in Abhängigkeit von der Steifigkeit (S1) des ersten elastischen Elements (21, 21', 21") gewählt sind.
- Führungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elastischen Elemente (21, 22; 21', 22'; 21", 22") in einer Normalstellung des Führungselements eine Vorspannung aufweisen.
- Führungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite elastische Element (22, 22', 22") aus einem Elastomer, beispielsweise aus Polyurethan, gebildet ist.
- Führungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verbindungselement (20, 20', 20") eine Führung (17, 17', 17") für das erste und/oder das zweite elastische Element (21, 21', 21", 22, 22', 22") in der Richtung, in der das jeweilige elastische Element bei der Bewegung des Führungselements (11, 11',11") deformiert wird, umfasst.
- Führungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste elastische Element (21, 21', 21") eine Steifigkeit (S1) aufweist, welche im ersten Lagenbereich (A) konstant ist.
- Führungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste elastische Element (21, 21', 21") eine Feder ist.
- Führungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Begrenzerelement (26, 26', 26", 27, 27', 27") vorgesehen ist, um eine Deformation des ersten elastischen Elements (21, 21', 21") bei einer Bewegung des Führungselements (11, 11', 11") relativ zum Lastträger (2) auf ein vorgegebenes Mass (A) zu begrenzen.
- Führungsvorrichtung, mit einer Mehrzahl des Führungselements (11, 11', 11") und des Verbindungselements (20, 20', 20") nach einem der Ansprüche 1-8, wobei jeweils zwei der Führungselemente (11, 11', 11") zusammen mit den jeweiligen Verbindungselementen (20, 20', 20") derart angeordnet sind, dass die Führungselemente (11, 11', 11") in Kontakt mit einer Führungsfläche (6, 6', 6") stehen und die jeweiligen Verbindungselemente (20, 20', 20") in entgegengesetzter Richtung vorgespannt sind.
- Führungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungselemente (20, 20', 20") derart vorgespannt sind, dass die Führungselemente (11, 11',11") in einer Normalstellung relativ zum Lastträger (2) jeweils eine Lage in dem jeweiligen zweiten Lagenbereich (B) oder im Übergang zwischen dem ersten (A) und dem zweiten (B) Lagenbereich einnehmen.
- Führungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungselemente (20, 20', 20") derart vorgespannt sind, dass die Führungselemente (11, 11', 11") in einer Normalstellung relativ zum Lastträger (2) jeweils eine Lage in dem jeweiligen ersten Lagenbereich (A) einnehmen.
- Führungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1-11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Führungselement (11, 11', 11") eine Rolle umfasst.
- Aufzugsanlage mit mindestens einem Lastträger (2) und einer Führungsvorrichtung (10) für den Lastträger gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1-12.
- Aufzugsanlage gemäss Anspruch 13, wobei der Lastträger (2) eine Aufzugskabine und/oder ein Gegengewicht ist.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04009496.3A EP1473265B1 (de) | 2003-04-29 | 2004-04-22 | "Führungsvorrichtung zur Führung eines Lastträgers einer Aufzugsanlage" |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03405298 | 2003-04-29 | ||
EP03405298 | 2003-04-29 | ||
EP04009496.3A EP1473265B1 (de) | 2003-04-29 | 2004-04-22 | "Führungsvorrichtung zur Führung eines Lastträgers einer Aufzugsanlage" |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1473265A1 true EP1473265A1 (de) | 2004-11-03 |
EP1473265B1 EP1473265B1 (de) | 2015-09-09 |
Family
ID=32992414
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP04009496.3A Expired - Lifetime EP1473265B1 (de) | 2003-04-29 | 2004-04-22 | "Führungsvorrichtung zur Führung eines Lastträgers einer Aufzugsanlage" |
Country Status (1)
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EP (1) | EP1473265B1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2107031A1 (de) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-07 | ThyssenKrupp Elevator AG | Rollenführungsfeder |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB787386A (en) * | 1954-03-25 | 1957-12-04 | W G Allen And Sons Tipton Ltd | Improvements in guide roller assemblies for pit cages, skips and the like |
US6050370A (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 2000-04-18 | Lg Industrial Systems, Co., Ltd. | Guide roller apparatus for elevator system |
-
2004
- 2004-04-22 EP EP04009496.3A patent/EP1473265B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB787386A (en) * | 1954-03-25 | 1957-12-04 | W G Allen And Sons Tipton Ltd | Improvements in guide roller assemblies for pit cages, skips and the like |
US6050370A (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 2000-04-18 | Lg Industrial Systems, Co., Ltd. | Guide roller apparatus for elevator system |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2107031A1 (de) | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-07 | ThyssenKrupp Elevator AG | Rollenführungsfeder |
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EP1473265B1 (de) | 2015-09-09 |
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