EP1472403B1 - A washing machine and dryer having being improved duct structure thereof - Google Patents
A washing machine and dryer having being improved duct structure thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1472403B1 EP1472403B1 EP03729315A EP03729315A EP1472403B1 EP 1472403 B1 EP1472403 B1 EP 1472403B1 EP 03729315 A EP03729315 A EP 03729315A EP 03729315 A EP03729315 A EP 03729315A EP 1472403 B1 EP1472403 B1 EP 1472403B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tub
- dryer
- washing machine
- drying duct
- drum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 title claims description 63
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F25/00—Washing machines with receptacles, e.g. perforated, having a rotary movement, e.g. oscillatory movement, the receptacle serving both for washing and for centrifugally separating water from the laundry and having further drying means, e.g. using hot air
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a washing machine and dryer with a drying function, and more particularly, to a washing machine and dryer with an improved drying duct structure, which dried air whose moisture is removed flows through.
- a washing machine is an apparatus which performs washing, rinsing and dewatering so as to separate dirt from clothes by the interaction of detergent and water, and is classified into agitator type, pulsator type and drum type washing machines.
- the drum type washing machine water, detergent and laundry are loaded into a drum with a plurality of protruded tumbling ribs installed in an inner surface of the drum and the drum is rotated at a low speed. Then, the laundry is washed due to an impact caused when the laundry is lifted by the tumbling ribs and then drops.
- the drum type washing machine has an advantage in that the laundry is not damaged. In addition, a small amount of water is consumed and the laundry is not tangled with each other.
- a dryer is a machine for automatically drying a wet laundry after completing a washing operation.
- the wet laundry is loaded into a drum installed in an inner side of a cabinet and the drum is rotated. Then, a hot wind is supplied to an inside of the drum to thereby dry the wet laundry.
- EP-A2-1 094141 relates to drum type washing machine with drying function.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectioral perspective view showing a duct structure of a conventional washing machine and dryer
- Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an internal structure of the conventional washing machine and dryer.
- the conventional washing machine and dryer includes a cabinet 10, a tub 20, a drum 25, a condensation duct 40, a motor 5, a heater 50, a circulation fan 35 and a drain pump 6.
- the cabinet 10 constitutes an outer shell of the washing machine and dryer, and includes a loading portion 11 and a door 15 for opening/closing the loading portion 11, which are formed at one portion thereof.
- the tub 20 is formed in a cylinder shape.
- the tub 20 is installed within the cabinet 10 and supported by a spring 3 and a damper 4.
- the drum 25 is rotatably installed within the tub 20 and the motor 5 is installed in order to enable the drum 25 to be rotated.
- the condensation duct 40 is connected with the tub 20, and a drying duct 30 has one end connected to the tub 20 and the other end connected to the condensation duct 40.
- the drying duct 30 is disposed at a middle upper portion of the tub 20.
- One end of the drying duct 30 is connected to a discharge part 33 at a lower portion, in which the discharge part 33 is directly connected with an inside of the tub 20.
- the drying duct 30 installed as above is fixedly connected to a support bar 35 using a fastener member such as a bolt, in which the support bar 35 crosses an upper portion of an inner space of the cabinet 10.
- the heater 50 is installed within the drying duct 30, and the circulation fan 35 is installed in a portion to which the drying duct 30 and the condensation duct 40 are connected.
- the drain pump 6 is installed so as to drain water gathered in a lower portion of the tub 20.
- a reference numeral 9 denotes a cooling-water supplying unit for supplying cooling water to an inside of the condensation duct 40.
- the drying duct 30 includes a lower part 31 whose upper portion is opened, an upper part 32 covering the opened upper portion of the lower part 31, and the discharge part 33 connected to a lower portion of one end of the lower part 31. Further, a communication hole 31a is formed at a lower portion of the other end of the lower part 31 in order to connect the drying duct 30 with the condensation duct 40.
- a wet laundry is loaded into the drum 25 and the drum 25 is rotated.
- the circulation fan 35 is rotated to circulate internal air of the drum 25 via the condensation duct 40 and the drying duct 30.
- the heater is operated to heat air.
- the air heated by the heater 50 dries the laundry within the drum 25.
- moisture evaporated from the laundry is contained in air and introduced into the condensation duct 40.
- a heat exchange happens between the cooling water supplied from the cooling-water supplying unit 9 and air, so that moisture contained in the air is condensed and removed.
- the dried air whose moisture is removed is introduced into the drying duct 30.
- the air introduced into the drying duct 30 is heated by the heater 50 and then again introduced into the drum 25.
- the respective parts are assembled so that the number of parts increases. Further, the number of assembly processes also increases, thereby causing a degradation of productivity.
- connection portion between the lower part and the discharge part perpendicularly connected thereto may be loose and a gap therebetween may occur.
- connection portion between the lower part and the discharge part may be broken.
- the present invention is directed to a washing machine and dryer that substantially obviates one or more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a washing machine and dryer with an improved drying duct structure, in which an internal space utilization of a cabinet is enhanced and an entire height of the equipment is reduced.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a washing machine and dryer, in which the number of elements of a drying duct is reduced and thus the productivity is improved.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a washing machine and dryer with an improved drying duct structure, in which a damage and an air leakage, caused by vibration of a tub, and a flowing noise caused by the air leakage are prevented.
- a surface of the drying duct, which is adjacent to the tub, is formed to be slant.
- the adjacent surface of the drying duct is formed in a curved surface with the same curvature as an outer surface of the tub.
- the drying duct includes: a lower part of which an upper portion is opened, in which a discharge part connected to a front side of the tub is downwardly extended from one end in one body and a communication hole for connecting the lower part with the condensation duct is formed in a lower portion of the other end; and an upper part covering the opened upper portion of the lower part.
- the other end of the lower part in which the communication hole is formed is widely formed.
- the circulation fan is inserted into the other end of the lower part.
- a surface of the lower part, which is adjacent to the outer surface of the tub, is formed to be slant.
- the adjacent surface of the lower part is formed in a curved surface with the same curvature as an outer surface of the tub.
- a portion in which the discharge part is extended from one end of the lower part is formed roundly so as to smoothly guide air.
- the discharge part is extended to be slant from the lower part in a downward direction.
- the discharge part is formed to be slant when viewed from the front of the tub so as to discharge pair in a rotation direction of the drum.
- the washing machine and dryer of the present invention further comprises a guidance part extended from one end portion of the discharged part in a tangential direction with respect to the rotation direction of the tub when viewed from the front of the tub so as to discharge air in the tangential direction with respect to the rotation direction of the drum.
- the drying duct may have both ends fixed and supported to an inner surface of the cabinet by a first fixing member and a second fixing member.
- the first fixing member includes: a plurality of brackets protruded at one portion of an inner surface of the cabinet; and a fixing load protruded at one end portion of the drying duct and fixedly inserted between the plurality of brackets.
- the brackets and the fixing load are connected with each other by bolts and nuts.
- the washing machine and dryer can further comprises a plurality of reinforcement ribs for connecting a side surface of the fixing load with the drying duct, thereby reinforcing the fixing load.
- the second fixing member includes: a fixing projection protruded at the other end of the drying duct ; and a fixing angle protruced at other portion of an inner surface of the cabinet, for supporting the fixing projection at a lower portion.
- the fixing projection and the fixing angle are fixedly connected with each other by a bolt and a nut.
- the heater may be installed in an inside of the drying duct.
- the condensation duct has one end connected to the drying duct and the other end connected to a rear lower portion of the tub.
- the tub and the drum may be installed in parallel with a horizontal plane or may be installed to be slant, such that openings of the tub and the drum are disposed at an upper portion with respect to a horizontal plane.
- the washing machine and dryer of the present invention includes a cabinet 100, a tub 200, a drum 250, a motor 130, a condensation duct 400, a drying duct 300, a heater 800 and a circulation fan 350.
- the cabinet 100 forms an outer shell of the washing machine and dryer and has a loading portion 110 formed on one side (c. q. a predetermined front side).
- the laundry is loaded/unloaded through the loading portion 110.
- a door 150 is installed near the loading portion 110 and rotates around a hinge 160 to open/close the loading portion 110.
- the tub 200 is formed in a cylinder shape and installed in an inner side of the cabinet 100. An opening of the tub 200 is disposed corresponding to the loading portion 110.
- the tub 200 installed as above can be installed in parallel with a horizontal plane. In addition, for the sake of user's convenience, the tub 200 can be installed to be slant with respect to the horizontal plane such that its opening faces slightly upwardly.
- Both ends of the tub 200 is supported by a plurality of springs 115 and a damper 116, which are connected to an outer face of the tub 200 and an inner face of the cabinet 100, respectively.
- the springs 115 and the damper 116 attenuate a vibration transferred from the drum 250.
- the drum 250 is formed in a cylinder shape and disposed corresponding to the loading portion 110 of the cabinet 100 so that the drum 250 can be rotatable in an inner side of the cabinet 100.
- a plurality of trumbling ribs 251 are protruded in an inner side of the drum 250.
- the tumbling ribs 251 functions to lift and drop the laundry while the drum 250 is rotated.
- a plurality of passage holes are formed in a circumference face of the drum 250. By way of the passage holes, washing water required for the washing operation or water dropped from the laundry in the dehydrating and drying operations moves between the drum 250 and the tub 200.
- the motor 130 is installed to rotate the drum 250, and a drain pump 120 is installed to drain water from the inside of the tub 200 to the outside of the cabinet 100 via a drain hose 125.
- Figures 4-7 are included to assist in understanding the present invention shown in Figures 8-10 .
- the drying duct 300 is installed to have one end connected to the inside ot the tub 200. As shown in FIG. 4 , when viewed from the front of the tub 200, the drying duct 300 is installed in an upper portion of the tub 200 disposed to be eccentric toward one side from left and right central lines of the tub 200. A more detailed construction of the drying duct 300 installed as above will be described with reference to FIGs. 6 and 7 .
- the drying duct 300 is divided into two bodies, i.e., a lower part 310 and an upper part 320
- the lower part 310 is formed in a channel shape, in which an upper portion of the lower part 310 is opened and both ends thereof are closed.
- a discharge part 330 is downwardly extended in one body at one end of the lower part 310.
- the portion in which the discharge part 330 is extended i.e., a connection portion between the lower part 310 and the discharge part 330 is formed roundly so as to reduce a fluid resistance and smoothly guide air.
- the discharge part 330 constructed as above can be formed extended downwardly in a vertical direction. Meanwhile, it is desirable to form the discharge part 330 to be slant toward one side thereof so as to smoothly guide air toward the inside of the tub 200, as shown in FIG. 6 . At this time, when viewed from the front of the tub 200, the slant direction is formed in a direction in which air can be discharged in the rotation direction of the drum 250. If the discharge part 330 is formed to be slant as above, it is possible to reduce a turbulent air and a flowing noise, which are caused by a collision between air discharged from the discharge part 330 and other air existing within the rotating drum 250.
- the other end of the lower part 310 is widely formed roughly in a cylinder shape.
- a communication hole 311 is formed at a lower bottom portion of the other end of the lower part 310 so as to connect the drying duct 300 to the condensation duct 400.
- the circulation fan 350 is installed in the other end of the lower part 310 formed widely as above.
- the upper part 320 is formed in a channel shape whose lower portion is opened.
- the upper part 320 is connected to an upper portion of the lower part 310 to cover the opened upper portion of the lower part 310.
- the lower part 310 and the upper part 320 are connected to each other with a screw or a bolt and nut.
- the drying duct 300 assembled with the separately manufactured lower and upper parts 310 and 320 is disposed at a position that is eccentric from the left and right center of the tub 200, and the drying duct 300 is installed in the upper portion of the tub 200.
- the drying duct 300 enhances the space utilization of the cabinet in the washing machine and dryer, and the upper face of the drying duct 300 is installed in a lower portion than that of the tub 200 so as to reduce an entire height of the equipment.
- the drying duct 300 disposed eccentrically to one side from the left and right center of the tub 200 is formed to have a surface, which is adjacent to the circumference surface of the tub 200 (e.g., a surface adjacent to the circumference surface of the lower part 310), to be slant.
- the slant surface 315 is formed to have a curved surface and it is desirable that the curved surface should have the same curvature as the outer surface of the tub 200.
- a drying duct 300 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention further includes a guidance part 340 and the guidance part 340 will be described with reference to FIG. 8 .
- the same description as FIGs. 6 and 7 will be omitted and only the description related to the guidance part 340 will be made below.
- the guidance part 340 is extended from one end portion of the discharge part 330.
- the guidance part 340 be extended in a tangential direction with respect to the rotation direction of the drum 250. The reason is that the flowing resistance and the flowing noise can be effectively reduced because air is discharged via the guidance part 340 in the tangential direction with respect to the rotation direction of the drum 250 and thus its direction is more similar to the flowing direction of air existing within the drum 250.
- the drying duct 300 of the washing machine and dryer in accordance with the present invention has both ends fixed and supported to the inner surface of the cabinet 100 by a first fixing member 600 and a second fixing member 700.
- the first and second fixing members 600 and 700 will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
- the first fixing member 600 fixes one end of the drying duct 300, in which the discharge part 330 is formed, to the inner side of the cabinet 100.
- the first fixing member 600 includes a plurality of brackets 620 and a fixing load 610.
- a plurality of the brackets 620 are protruded at one portion of the inner surface of the cabinet 100.
- the fixing load 610 is protruded at one end of the drying duct 300 in which the discharge duct 330 is formed.
- the loading load 610 is inserted between the plurality of brackets 620 and rigidly fixed to the brackets 620 by a screw or a bolt and nut.
- a plurality of reinforcement ribs 615 are formed to connect a side surface of the fixing load 610 with an outer surface of the drying duct 300, as shown in FIG. 9 .
- the second fixing member 700 includes a fixing projection 710 and a fixing angle 720.
- the fixing projection 710 is protruded at the other end of the drying duct 300, which is disposed at an opposite side of the discharge part 330.
- the fixing angle 720 is protruded at other portions of the inner surface of the cabinet 100 such that the fixing projection 710 can be supported at a lower portion.
- the fixing projection 710 and the fixing angle 720 can be fixed by a bolt 730 and a nut 735 or can be fixed to each other by a screw and so on.
- both ends of the drying duct 300 is fixed and supported to the cabinet 100 by the first and second fixing members 600 and 700, a height of the washing machine and dryer can be reduced much more.
- a heater 800 is formed in an inner side of the drying duct 300.
- the condensation duct 400 has one end connected to the drying duct 300 and the other end connected to a rear lower portion of the tub 200.
- a cooling-water supplying unit 160 is provided to supply a cooling water to an inside of the condensation duct 400 installed as above.
- the wet laundry is loaded into the drum 250 and the motor 130 is operated to rotate the drum 250. Simultaneously, the circulation fan 350 is rotated and the heater 800 is operated.
- air existing within the drum 250 sequentially passes through the condensation duct 400 and the drying duct 300 and is again introduced into the inside of the drum 250.
- air passing through the drying duct 300 is hotly heated by the heater 800 and the heated air dries the laundry loaded into the drum 250.
- moisture contained in the laundry is evaporated in an internal air of the drum 250.
- Moist air containing moisture evaporated from the laundry is introduced into the condensation duct 400. Meanwhile, the cooling-water supplying unit 160 keeps on supplying a cooling water to the inside of the condensation duct 400. Thus, a heat exchange occurs between the moist air passing through the condensation duct 400 and the cooling water. At this time, moisture contained in air is condensed and removed, so that the air becomes dry.
- the dried air passing through the condensation duct 400 passes through the circulation fan 350 and then is introduced into the drying duct 300.
- the dried air introduced into the drying duct 300 is again heated hotly by the heater 800 and supplied to the drum 250.
- the drying duct 300 of the present invention has a structure in which the discharge part 330 is extended from the lower part 310 in one body. Therefore, even when vibration occurs in the rotation of the drum 250, air is not leaked out and a loud flowing noise does not occur.
- air passing through the drying duct 300 of the present invention is exhausted in a tangential direction with respect to the rotation direction of the drum 250 while passing through the discharge part 330 and the guidance part 340, it is possible to prevent a turbulent air and a flowing noise, which are caused by a collision with air existing within the rotating drum 250.
- washing machine and dryer in accordance with the present invention repeatedly performs the above procedures to dry the laundry loaded into the drum 250.
- the washing machine and dryer in accordance with the present invention has following advantages.
- the drying duct of the present invention is installed to be eccentric from the left and right center, so that the internal space utilization of the cabinet is improved and the washing machine and dryer becomes compact. Meanwhile, it is much more effective if the structure in which the drying duct is installed to be eccentric toward one side of the tub is applied to a washing machine and dryer in which the tub and the drum are installed to be slant.
- the surface of the drying duct which is adjacent to the tub, is formed to be slant, it is possible to minimize interference between the drying duct and the tub and effectively guide the surface through which air flows into the drying duct.
- the drying duct of the present invention is manufactured with two bodies, so that the number of parts and the number of assemble processes are reduced and the productivity is improved.
- the discharge part and the lower part are formed in one body, it can fundamentally prevent the damage and the air leakage, caused in the connection portion due to vibration, and the flowing noise caused by them. Accordingly, the life of the equipment is prolonged.
- the discharge part is formed to be slant and the guidance part is expended in the tangential direction with respect to the rotation direction of the drum, collision between air exhausted into the drum via the drying duct and air existing within the drum can be minimized, so that the occurrence of the turbulent air and the flowing noise is minimized.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)
- Main Body Construction Of Washing Machines And Laundry Dryers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2002-0001733A KR100437038B1 (ko) | 2002-01-11 | 2002-01-11 | 건조겸용 드럼세탁기의 건조덕트 |
KR2002001733 | 2002-01-11 | ||
KR2002002689 | 2002-01-17 | ||
KR10-2002-0002689A KR100471428B1 (ko) | 2002-01-17 | 2002-01-17 | 건조겸용 드럼세탁기 |
PCT/KR2003/000055 WO2003057967A1 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2003-01-11 | A washing machine and dryer having being improved duct structure thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1472403A1 EP1472403A1 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
EP1472403B1 true EP1472403B1 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
Family
ID=36695252
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03729315A Expired - Lifetime EP1472403B1 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2003-01-11 | A washing machine and dryer having being improved duct structure thereof |
Country Status (7)
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20060031164A (ko) | 2004-10-07 | 2006-04-12 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 건조 세탁기 |
KR100743707B1 (ko) | 2005-02-03 | 2007-07-30 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 건조 장치가 구비된 터브 일체형 드럼 세탁기 |
JP4521297B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-22 | 2010-08-11 | 株式会社東芝 | ドラム式洗濯乾燥機 |
KR100880641B1 (ko) | 2007-08-13 | 2009-01-30 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 세탁기 |
KR101702972B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-26 | 2017-02-06 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 건조기 |
JP2012070807A (ja) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-04-12 | Hitachi Appliances Inc | ドラム式洗濯乾燥機および乾燥機 |
KR101949188B1 (ko) * | 2012-01-12 | 2019-02-18 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 드럼 세탁기 |
ES2544310T3 (es) | 2012-02-06 | 2015-08-28 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Máquina de lavado que comprende una tobera y un calentador dispuesto en un conducto de secado y procedimiento de control de la misma |
CN111101352B (zh) * | 2018-10-26 | 2022-03-04 | 无锡小天鹅电器有限公司 | 风道结构和衣物处理装置 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2841347A (en) * | 1955-05-13 | 1958-07-01 | Polymer Corp | Compensating pipe support |
IT1254215B (it) * | 1992-02-25 | 1995-09-14 | Merloni Antonio Spa | Dispositivo economizzatore di acqua per macchine lavatrici asciugatrici di biancheria |
DE19504034C2 (de) * | 1994-03-01 | 2003-03-13 | Miele & Cie | Waschtrockner |
EP0704569A1 (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-04-03 | ANTONIO MERLONI S.p.A. | Laundry washer-driers |
US5802884A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1998-09-08 | Cavalli; Giuseppe | Machine for washing and degreasing with solvents or for drying textile products or the like |
JP3517618B2 (ja) * | 1999-10-21 | 2004-04-12 | 株式会社東芝 | ドラム式洗濯乾燥機 |
KR100347760B1 (ko) * | 2000-04-19 | 2002-08-09 | 엘지전자주식회사 | 기울어진 세탁조가 구비된 세탁기 |
US6434857B1 (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2002-08-20 | Smartclean Jv | Combination closed-circuit washer and drier |
-
2003
- 2003-01-11 AU AU2003235780A patent/AU2003235780B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-01-11 WO PCT/KR2003/000055 patent/WO2003057967A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-01-11 JP JP2003558253A patent/JP2005514130A/ja active Pending
- 2003-01-11 DE DE60333342T patent/DE60333342D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-11 CN CNB038001683A patent/CN1277015C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-11 US US10/471,509 patent/US20060162394A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-11 EP EP03729315A patent/EP1472403B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003235780B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
WO2003057967A1 (en) | 2003-07-17 |
EP1472403A1 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
US20060162394A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
CN1277015C (zh) | 2006-09-27 |
AU2003235780A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
CN1507514A (zh) | 2004-06-23 |
DE60333342D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 2010-08-26 |
JP2005514130A (ja) | 2005-05-19 |
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