EP1467143A1 - Projecteur d'éclairage pour véhicule automobile comportant des moyens pour étaler tranversalement le faisceau lumineux - Google Patents
Projecteur d'éclairage pour véhicule automobile comportant des moyens pour étaler tranversalement le faisceau lumineux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1467143A1 EP1467143A1 EP04290889A EP04290889A EP1467143A1 EP 1467143 A1 EP1467143 A1 EP 1467143A1 EP 04290889 A EP04290889 A EP 04290889A EP 04290889 A EP04290889 A EP 04290889A EP 1467143 A1 EP1467143 A1 EP 1467143A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- projector
- transversely
- generally
- lens
- light beam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
- F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
- F21S41/33—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature
- F21S41/334—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors
- F21S41/336—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector consisting of patch like sectors with discontinuity at the junction between adjacent areas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/28—Cover glass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lighting projector of motor vehicle.
- the present invention relates more particularly to a motor vehicle lighting headlamp which is intended for create a regulatory lighting beam, comprising a light source which is placed globally at the intersection between a longitudinal optical axis and a transverse optical axis, and which produces a light beam of which at least a part, called lateral, is emitted globally transversely to one side, and a protective glass which is arranged at the front of the projector, the headlamp comprising a converging dioptric element of which the optical axis is substantially aligned transversely with the light source, so as to receive the lateral part of the light beam on its entry face and so as to channel the lateral part in a generally transverse direction oriented to the side.
- the invention aims to propose a lighting projector which can be arranged in such a housing and which can achieve a regulatory lighting beam.
- the floodlight must also have a range as uniform as possible, i.e. the luminance of the headlamp must be substantially uniform over its entire frontal surface.
- the front surface of the light projector must including being able to stand in a height of 50 millimeters and within a width of 300 millimeters.
- the invention proposes a lighting projector of the type described above, characterized in that it comprises a associated reflecting element comprising an optical surface divergent which is arranged globally opposite the face of output of the converging dioptric element, which is provided for reflect the channeled lateral part of the light beam generally forward, so as to spread transversely the light beam on the rear face of the protective glass, in what the light source is a linear filament which is arranged generally along the longitudinal optical axis, so that the regulatory lighting beam is formed essentially by filament images oriented substantially transversely, and in that the reflecting element is generally convex towards the front and it has the overall shape of a cylinder portion, the cylinder having a substantially vertical axis.
- FIG 1 there is shown schematically a motor vehicle lighting projector 10 which is produced in accordance with the teachings of the invention.
- the projector 10 is designed to produce a beam regulatory lighting facing forward, overall along a longitudinal optical axis A-A which is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
- the forward orientation generally corresponds to a orientation from left to right, along the longitudinal axis A-A, considering Figure 1.
- the regulatory lighting beam is for example a flat-cut beam, such as a fog beam, or a main beam.
- the projector 10 here comprises a housing 12 which is delimited by an upper horizontal wall 14, by a horizontal wall lower 16, by a vertical rear wall 18 and by a window protective front 20.
- FIG. 1 the upper horizontal wall 14 is shown exploded with respect to the rest of the housing 12.
- the projector 10 includes a light source 22 which is arranged inside the housing 12.
- the light source 22 is here formed by a lamp 24 to filament 26 which extends substantially longitudinally to the interior of the housing 12, through a mounting hole 28 made in the rear wall 18 of the housing 12.
- the filament 26 is arranged globally on the axis longitudinal A-A, at the intersection between the longitudinal axis A-A and a transverse direction B-B.
- the headlamp 10 comprises two converging dioptric elements, respectively left 30 and right 32, which are arranged on the side and on the other side of the filament 26, and which are aligned transversely with the filament 26.
- the converging dioptric elements 30, 32 are here lenses, for example aspherical, whose optical axes are substantially coincident with the transverse direction B-B.
- each lens 30, 32 is arranged opposite the filament 26.
- the exit surface 36 of the left lens 30 is oriented to the left, and the exit surface 36 of the lens right 32 is arranged to the right.
- the projector 10 also includes a reflective element left 38 and a right reflective element 40 which are associated each respectively to one of the two lenses 30, 32.
- the reflective elements 38, 40 are here mirrors vertical in the form of a substantially cylindrical portion with an axis vertical.
- Each mirror 38, 40 has a reflecting surface divergent 42 which is generally forward convex and which is arranged transversely opposite the outlet face 36 of the associated lens 30, 32.
- the mirrors 38, 40 here constitute two end portions side of the rear wall 18 of the housing 12.
- the mirrors 38, 40 can therefore be formed by the deposition a reflective material, such as aluminum, on the face internal of the associated portions of the housing 12.
- Each mirror 38, 40 delimits here, in a horizontal plane, a curved profile, the ends of which are offset transversely, so that each mirror 38, 40 has a vertical rear edge 44 which is close to the lens 30, 32 associated, and a vertical front edge 46 which is distant from the associated lens 30, 32.
- the projector 10 includes a reflector 48 of longitudinal optical axis A-A, which is substantially aligned longitudinally with the filament 26, and which is arranged at the rear filament 26.
- the reflector 48 is here of the complex surface type. he has a generally reflecting front surface 50 of shape parabolic concave.
- the reflector 48 is here formed in a central portion of the rear wall 18 of the housing 12.
- the light source 22 is represented in the form of a rectangle which symbolizes the filament 26 of the lamp 24 of the figure 1.
- the filament 26 produces a light beam consisting of light rays emitted globally in all directions.
- a right side part of the light beam is received by the entry face 34 of the right lens 32, which channels this part of the beam in a generally transverse direction oriented to the right.
- the filament 26 is arranged at the focal point of the right lens 32, so that the lens right 32 then functions as a collimator which transmits the light rays received on its entry face 34, according to a direction parallel to transverse direction B-B, to the right.
- the channeled beam is reflected on the wall reflective 42 of the right mirror 40, which returns the rays bright forward, spreading the beam transversely luminous on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20.
- the left side portion of the light beam which is received on the entry face 34 of the left lens 30, is reflected by the left mirror 38 towards the front on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20.
- the reflection surface 42 of each mirror 38, 40 has several circumferential portions, or striations vertical 54, of different profiles, so as to spread at maximum light beam transversely by distributing substantially homogeneously the light rays on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20.
- the rear reflector 48 makes it possible to reflect forward the light rays emitted towards the rear by the filament 26. It contributes to distribute the light rays evenly on the face rear 52 of the protective glass 20.
- the reflecting surface 50 of the rear reflector 48 can be optimized so as to form a lighting beam comprising a cut.
- the light rays received on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20 refract through the glass protection 20, towards the front and they produce a beam at the front lighting regulation F.
- the images of the filament 26 which are emitted towards the front, by the lateral optical systems, i.e. by the associated lens / mirror systems are oriented substantially horizontally on a screen placed in front of the projector 10.
- a regulatory bundle to flat cutout such as a fog beam, aligning the images of filament 26 along and below a line transverse forming the flat cut.
- Image alignment can be done in a way adequate, for example by optimizing the vertical profile of the mirrors 38, 40 and vertical stripes 54.
- the shape of the light beam produced by the projector 10, in particular the transverse spread of this beam, can be optimized by appropriately choosing the value of the focal length of each lens 30, 32 and choosing the position of the filament 26 on the transverse axis B-B relative to the focus of each lens 30, 32.
- Figure 3 schematically illustrates the positioning of the filament 26 relative to the right lens 32 for making a regulatory fog light beam.
- the angle ⁇ 1 represents the numerical aperture of the lens 32 relative to filament 26, which determines the amount of flux light received by the lens 32 on its entry surface 34.
- the distance T1 represents the transverse distance, or draft, between the filament 26 and the entry surface 34 of the lens 32.
- the increase in the print makes it possible to obtain images of the filament 26 smaller, at the exit of the lens 32, which facilitates the concentration of the light flux along the optical axis A-A, for the realization of the main beam.
- the increase in the T2 draw results in a decrease in digital openness, therefore a decrease in the luminous flux received by the lens 32.
- the lens 32 is truncated in its upper part and in its part lower, which minimizes its vertical dimensions, despite the increase in the diameter of the lens 32, to achieve a projector 10 of low height.
- the value of the numerical aperture ⁇ 3, in the transverse plane vertical is less than the numerical aperture value ⁇ 1, but the numerical aperture value ⁇ 2 does not change in the plane horizontal transverse.
- FIG 6 there is shown a second mode of realization of the projector 10 according to the invention, in which vertical stripes 56 are arranged, not on the mirrors 38, 40, but on the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20, so as to spread the light beam transversely which crosses ice 20.
- the vertical ridges 56 can be arranged only in a central area of the rear face 52 of the protective glass 20 which is located generally opposite the reflector 48.
- FIG. 7 there is shown a third mode of realization of the projector 10 according to the invention, in which the mirrors 38, 40 are plane mirrors which have streaks vertical 54 on their internal reflection face 42.
- This mode of implementation differs from the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 by replacing the cylindrical mirrors 38, 40 with plane mirrors.
- Each plane mirror 38, 40 is substantially vertical and it is inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction A-A and by in relation to the transverse direction B-B.
- the aspherical lenses 30, 32 can be replaced by other types of lenses, for example by lenses of the type semi-cylindrical with the axis of each half-cylinder parallel to the longitudinal axis A-A.
- the internal faces of the upper walls 14 and lower 16 may have facets of reflection which collect the light rays emitted by the filament 26, up and down respectively, and which reflect these rays of light towards the rear face 52 of the ice of protection 20.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- la source lumineuse est agencée entre le foyer de l'élément dioptrique convergent et la face d'entrée dudit élément dioptrique ;
- l'élément dioptrique convergent est une lentille ;
- la lentille est du type asphérique ;
- la lentille est du type semi-cylindrique, le cylindre ayant un axe sensiblement longitudinal ;
- la lentille comporte une portion supérieure et/ou une portion inférieure tronquées de manière à minimiser la hauteur de la lentille pour une distance focale déterminée ;
- l'élément réfléchissant est un miroir plan vertical qui est incliné par rapport à la direction longitudinale et par rapport à la direction transversale ;
- le dispositif réfléchissant comporte des stries verticales qui sont prévues pour étaler transversalement la partie réfléchie du faisceau lumineux ;
- le projecteur comporte un réflecteur d'axe optique longitudinal qui est sensiblement aligné longitudinalement avec la source lumineuse, et qui est agencé à l'arrière de la source lumineuse, de manière à répartir les rayons lumineux émis globalement longitudinalement vers l'arrière, sur la face arrière de la glace de protection ;
- le réflecteur est du type à surface complexe et de forme globalement parabolique concave à l'avant ;
- le faisceau lumineux produit par la source comporte une partie latérale droite, qui est émise globalement transversalement vers le côté droit, et une partie latérale gauche, qui est émise globalement transversalement vers le côté gauche, et le projecteur comporte deux élément dioptriques convergents et deux éléments optiques réfléchissants associés, qui sont agencés transversalement de part et d'autre de la source lumineuse ;
- la glace de protection comporte des stries verticales qui sont prévues pour étaler transversalement le faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire.
- la figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée qui représente schématiquement un projecteur d'éclairage réalisé conformément aux enseignements de l'invention selon un premier mode de réalisation ;
- la figure 2 est une vue de dessus qui représente schématiquement de manière simplifiée le projecteur de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3 est une vue de dessus qui illustre schématiquement le positionnement du filament par rapport à la lentille droite pour la réalisation d'un faisceau réglementaire de feu antibrouillard ;
- la figure 4 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 3 qui illustre schématiquement le positionnement du filament par rapport à la lentille droite pour la réalisation d'un faisceau réglementaire de feu de route ;
- la figure 5 est une vue arrière du filament et de la lentille de la figure 4 ;
- la figure 6 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 2 qui représente schématiquement un deuxième mode de réalisation du projecteur selon l'invention comportant une glace de protection striée verticalement ;
- la figure 7 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 3 qui représente schématiquement un troisième mode de réalisation du projecteur selon l'invention comportant des miroirs plans striés verticalement.
Claims (12)
- Projecteur d'éclairage (10) de véhicule automobile qui est prévu pour réaliser un faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire (F), comportant une source lumineuse (26) qui est placée globalement à l'intersection entre un axe optique longitudinal (A-A) et un axe optique transversal (B-B), et qui produit un faisceau lumineux dont au moins une partie, dite latérale, est émise globalement transversalement vers un côté, et une glace de protection (20) qui est agencée à l'avant du projecteur (10), le projecteur comportant un élément dioptrique convergent (30, 32) dont l'axe optique (B-B) est sensiblement aligné transversalement avec la source lumineuse (26), de manière à recevoir la partie latérale du faisceau lumineux sur sa face d'entrée (34) et de manière à canaliser la partie latérale suivant une direction globalement transversale (B-B) orientée vers le côté,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un élément réfléchissant (38, 40) associé comportant une surface optique divergente (42) qui est agencée globalement en regard de la face de sortie (36) de l'élément dioptrique convergent (30, 32), et qui est prévue pour réfléchir la partie latérale canalisée du faisceau lumineux globalement vers l'avant, de manière à étaler transversalement le faisceau lumineux sur la face arrière (52) de la glace de protection (20), en ce que la source lumineuse (26) est un filament linéaire qui est agencé globalement suivant l'axe optique longitudinal (A-A), de manière que le faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire (F) soit formé essentiellement par des images du filament (26) orientées sensiblement transversalement, et en ce que l'élément réfléchissant (38, 40) est globalement convexe vers l'avant et a globalement la forme d'une portion de cylindre, le cylindre ayant un axe sensiblement vertical. - Projecteur (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la source lumineuse (26) est agencée entre le foyer de l'élément dioptrique convergent (30, 32) et la face d'entrée (34) dudit élément dioptrique (30, 32).
- Projecteur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément dioptrique convergent (30, 32) est une lentille.
- Projecteur (10) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la lentille (30, 32) est du type asphérique.
- Projecteur (10) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la lentille (30, 32) est du type semi-cylindrique, le cylindre ayant un axe sensiblement longitudinal.
- Projecteur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la lentille (30, 32) comporte un portion supérieure et/ou une portion inférieure tronquées de manière à minimiser la hauteur de la lentille (30, 32) pour une distance focale déterminée.
- Projecteur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément réfléchissant (38, 40) est un miroir plan vertical qui est incliné par rapport à la direction longitudinale (A-A) et par rapport à la direction transversale (B-B).
- Projecteur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif réfléchissant (38, 40) comporte des stries verticales (54) qui sont prévues pour étaler transversalement la partie réfléchie du faisceau lumineux.
- Projecteur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un réflecteur (48) d'axe optique longitudinal (A-A) qui est sensiblement aligné longitudinalement avec la source lumineuse (26), et qui est agencé à l'arrière de la source lumineuse (26), de manière à répartir les rayons lumineux émis globalement longitudinalement vers l'arrière, sur la face arrière (52) de la glace de protection (20).
- Projecteur (10) selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que le réflecteur (48) est du type à surface complexe et de forme globalement parabolique concave à l'avant.
- Projecteur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le faisceau lumineux produit par la source (26) comporte une partie latérale droite, qui est émise globalement transversalement vers le côté droit, et une partie latérale gauche, qui est émise globalement transversalement vers le côté gauche, et en ce que le projecteur (10) comporte deux élément dioptriques convergents (30, 32) et deux éléments optiques réfléchissants (38, 40) associés, qui sont agencés transversalement de part et d'autre de la source lumineuse (26).
- Projecteur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la glace de protection (20) comporte des stries verticales (56) qui sont prévues pour étaler transversalement le faisceau d'éclairage réglementaire (F).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0304426A FR2853718B1 (fr) | 2003-04-08 | 2003-04-08 | Projecteur d'eclairage pour vehicule automobile comportant des moyens pour etaler transversalement le faisceau lumineux |
FR0304426 | 2003-04-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1467143A1 true EP1467143A1 (fr) | 2004-10-13 |
EP1467143B1 EP1467143B1 (fr) | 2007-07-04 |
Family
ID=32865407
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04290889A Expired - Lifetime EP1467143B1 (fr) | 2003-04-08 | 2004-04-02 | Projecteur d'éclairage pour véhicule automobile comportant des moyens pour étaler tranversalement le faisceau lumineux |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1467143B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE366390T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE602004007318T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2289451T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2853718B1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2887997A1 (fr) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-05 | Valeo Vision Sa | Embout de guide optique a etalement des rayons lumineux |
CN114502877A (zh) * | 2019-10-10 | 2022-05-13 | 昕诺飞控股有限公司 | 照明设备 |
WO2022143331A1 (fr) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-07-07 | 欧普照明股份有限公司 | Module optique et lampe |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012006505A1 (de) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n.d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) | Streulichtscheibe für einen Scheinwerfer |
DE102015006258B4 (de) | 2015-05-15 | 2017-01-26 | Friedrich Grimm | Scheinwerfer mit einem umgelenkten strahlengang |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR35133E (fr) * | 1928-03-28 | 1929-12-03 | Perfectionnements apportés aux phares d'automobiles non éblouissants | |
FR674139A (fr) * | 1928-04-27 | 1930-01-23 | Projecteur pour véhicules automobiles | |
FR36397E (fr) * | 1929-01-11 | 1930-05-10 | Perfectionnements apportés aux phares d'automobiles non éblouissants | |
EP0312442A1 (fr) * | 1987-10-13 | 1989-04-19 | Valeo Vision | Projecteur de route de faible hauteur à grande récupération de flux pour véhicule automobile |
EP0723109A1 (fr) * | 1995-01-19 | 1996-07-24 | Valeo Vision | Projecteur de véhicule automobile comportant des moyens dioptriques interposés entre la source et le miroir |
FR2759149A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Projecteur pour vehicule |
EP1179705A1 (fr) * | 2000-08-07 | 2002-02-13 | CATEYE Co., Ltd. | Projecteur |
US6361191B1 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2002-03-26 | Jerome H. Simon | Off-axis and segment collimation and projection |
-
2003
- 2003-04-08 FR FR0304426A patent/FR2853718B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-02 EP EP04290889A patent/EP1467143B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-02 DE DE602004007318T patent/DE602004007318T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-02 ES ES04290889T patent/ES2289451T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-02 AT AT04290889T patent/ATE366390T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR35133E (fr) * | 1928-03-28 | 1929-12-03 | Perfectionnements apportés aux phares d'automobiles non éblouissants | |
FR674139A (fr) * | 1928-04-27 | 1930-01-23 | Projecteur pour véhicules automobiles | |
FR36397E (fr) * | 1929-01-11 | 1930-05-10 | Perfectionnements apportés aux phares d'automobiles non éblouissants | |
EP0312442A1 (fr) * | 1987-10-13 | 1989-04-19 | Valeo Vision | Projecteur de route de faible hauteur à grande récupération de flux pour véhicule automobile |
EP0723109A1 (fr) * | 1995-01-19 | 1996-07-24 | Valeo Vision | Projecteur de véhicule automobile comportant des moyens dioptriques interposés entre la source et le miroir |
FR2759149A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-06 | 1998-08-07 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Projecteur pour vehicule |
US6361191B1 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2002-03-26 | Jerome H. Simon | Off-axis and segment collimation and projection |
EP1179705A1 (fr) * | 2000-08-07 | 2002-02-13 | CATEYE Co., Ltd. | Projecteur |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2887997A1 (fr) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-05 | Valeo Vision Sa | Embout de guide optique a etalement des rayons lumineux |
CN114502877A (zh) * | 2019-10-10 | 2022-05-13 | 昕诺飞控股有限公司 | 照明设备 |
WO2022143331A1 (fr) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-07-07 | 欧普照明股份有限公司 | Module optique et lampe |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1467143B1 (fr) | 2007-07-04 |
ATE366390T1 (de) | 2007-07-15 |
ES2289451T3 (es) | 2008-02-01 |
FR2853718A1 (fr) | 2004-10-15 |
FR2853718B1 (fr) | 2005-09-23 |
DE602004007318T2 (de) | 2008-03-06 |
DE602004007318D1 (de) | 2007-08-16 |
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