EP1464832B1 - Method for starting an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method for starting an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1464832B1 EP1464832B1 EP03100843A EP03100843A EP1464832B1 EP 1464832 B1 EP1464832 B1 EP 1464832B1 EP 03100843 A EP03100843 A EP 03100843A EP 03100843 A EP03100843 A EP 03100843A EP 1464832 B1 EP1464832 B1 EP 1464832B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- cylinder
- working cylinder
- starting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02N99/002—Starting combustion engines by ignition means
- F02N99/006—Providing a combustible mixture inside the cylinder
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/042—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
- F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
- F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/18—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow
- F02D41/182—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals by measuring intake air flow for the control of a fuel injection device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0402—Engine intake system parameters the parameter being determined by using a model of the engine intake or its components
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/04—Engine intake system parameters
- F02D2200/0406—Intake manifold pressure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for starting an internal combustion engine, preferably an internal combustion engine with direct injection. Furthermore, the invention relates to a trained for carrying out such a method internal combustion engine.
- the DE 198 35 045 C2 discloses a method for starting an internal combustion engine by the ignition of an air-fuel mixture in a cylinder ("working cylinder"), the piston is at a standstill of the internal combustion engine in a working stroke position.
- the amount of air contained within the working cylinder is estimated based on various sensor data.
- in such a procedure is disadvantageous that, for example, due to residual exhaust gases in the cylinder, the knowledge of the amount of air alone is not sufficient to control a subsequent combustion optimally.
- the US 6,098,585 shows a method for starting an internal combustion engine, in which an air volume in the cylinder for the starting operation is determined based on the signals of an ambient temperature sensor, an engine temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a throttle valve opening angle sensor and a crankshaft angle sensor. With the aid of signals from the above-mentioned sensors, a control unit calculates the volume of air trapped in the cylinder intended for starting and the associated fuel injection quantity.
- the EP 1 267 060 A2 discloses a method for determining an air mass in a power cylinder, wherein it is provided that a determination of an incoming into the intake manifold during the expiration of the internal combustion engine Air mass and a determination of a from the intake tract (in the working cylinder) flowing air mass is made and based on these variables, the present in the cylinder air mass can be determined.
- From the US 5,755,212 is a method for the determination of a fuel-air mixture, which is intended to make a comparison between a measured exhaust gas value and an estimated oxygen content by means of a neural network in order to achieve a predetermined target value for a fuel-air mixture.
- the estimation of the oxygen content is made on the basis of a Drosselklappenstellwinkels, an air pressure in the intake tract, an ambient pressure, a cooling water temperature, a speed of the internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas flow always for the respective subsequent power stroke of the internal combustion engine.
- the inventive method is used for starting an internal combustion engine, which may be in particular an internal combustion engine with direct injection of the fuel into the combustion chambers (cylinder) and with spark ignition.
- an internal combustion engine which may be in particular an internal combustion engine with direct injection of the fuel into the combustion chambers (cylinder) and with spark ignition.
- working cylinder in the first occurring during the starting phase of the internal combustion engine operating cycle of the piston of at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine, which is hereinafter referred to as "working cylinder", the combustion of an air-fuel mixture is performed.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that, before the starting phase of the internal combustion engine, the oxygen concentration in the working cylinder is determined, and in that a quantity of fuel to be burned is metered as a function of the determined value.
- the oxygen concentration is preferably Expressed in terms of relative size, which describes the proportion of pure oxygen 02 to the gas mixture in the working cylinder, this proportion being in percent by mass, volume percent. Mole percent, can be expressed as partial pressure or other suitable size. Such a relative value is independent of the volume of the combustion chamber.
- the oxygen concentration is preferably estimated on the basis of an average value and / or on the basis of an accumulated, ie accumulated or integrated value of said quantities (internal cylinder pressure, intake pressure and / or air mass flow).
- the process required for a good combustion and sufficient amount of fuel can be determined very accurately and then z. B. are fed by direct injection to the working cylinder.
- maximum energy yield is ensured since all the available oxygen can be utilized for combustion, but on the other hand, harmful emissions caused by excess fuel are avoided would arise.
- the mechanical energy from the combustion can be exploited, for example, to start the engine without another auxiliary unit (starter motor, etc.) solely by the ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the working cylinder, the piston of the working cylinder at standstill of the internal combustion engine in a Operating stroke (expansion stroke) must be.
- the combustion during the start-up phase can also only support the starting of the internal combustion engine with an auxiliary unit. This made it possible, for example, to use a less powerful and thus cheaper auxiliary unit.
- the oxygen concentration can be determined with this method in the compression cylinder, with the aid of which the actual starting process upstream reverse rotation according to DE0010020325A1 , can be initiated for startup improvement.
- the determined oxygen concentration is used to determine therefrom the absolute amount of oxygen (eg as mass value or as number of moles) in the working cylinder at the beginning of the starting phase. From the amount of oxygen can then be calculated directly the amount of fuel to be supplied for a stoichiometric combustion.
- the absolute amount of oxygen from the oxygen concentration can advantageously be used on already measured on an internal combustion engine variables such as the crankshaft angle, the atmospheric pressure and / or the engine temperature (or coolant temperature).
- the measurement of the sizes in-cylinder pressure, intake pressure and / or air mass flow can only take place at predetermined positions of the crankshaft. These are preferably angular positions of the crankshaft which correspond to the lower and / or top dead center of the piston of a cylinder, preferably of the working cylinder. In this way, the sizes mentioned are sampled only at relatively few, but particularly characteristic times during the phaseout of the internal combustion engine.
- the in-cylinder pressure can be measured during the phase-out phase of the internal combustion engine at top dead center of the piston of the working cylinder in which the first combustion takes place during the starting phase.
- the measurement of the intake pressure can preferably be carried out in each case at the bottom dead center of the piston of the working cylinder.
- the invention further relates to an internal combustion engine, preferably an internal combustion engine with direct injection and spark ignition, which is characterized in that it is adapted to carry out a method of the type described above.
- the internal combustion engine may be equipped with a motor controller programmed to use the oxygen concentration in the working cylinder of the internal combustion engine to calculate the quantity of fuel to be metered for the first combustion in the working cylinder during the starting phase.
- the internal combustion engine can furthermore have sensors coupled to the engine control for the air mass flow in the intake manifold, for the intake pressure and / or for the cylinder internal pressure in order to determine the oxygen concentration from these variables.
- internal combustion engine 10 is an internal combustion engine with direct injection of gasoline via a leading into the cylinder 3 fuel supply 6.
- a direct injection engine has the advantage that it can be started directly by igniting the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders 3 can, without an additional starter motor must drive the crankshaft during a cranking phase.
- the (external or self) ignition of an air-fuel mixture during the start-up phase but only to support a starter (starter motor) done in order to accelerate the starting process (“Quick Start”) to be able to interpret the starter smaller , and to improve the comfort of the conventional launch.
- fuel is injected and ignited already from the first revolution or from the first expansion stroke of a piston.
- the internal combustion engine 10 further includes an intake manifold 2 for supplying fresh air, wherein the supply rate can be adjusted via a throttle valve 1.
- an air mass flow sensor 8 is arranged, which transmits a signal representing the air mass flow MAF to a motor control 7, which can be realized for example by a microprocessor.
- a pressure sensor 9 for the intake pressure p man is arranged, whose signal is also sent to the engine control unit 7.
- pressure sensors 4 for the cylinder internal pressure p cyl are provided in the cylinders 3 of the internal combustion engine, which transmit their signals to the engine control unit 7.
- the exhaust gases from the cylinders 3 of the internal combustion engine 10 are passed from an exhaust manifold 5 in an exhaust system not shown in detail.
- the internal combustion engine can be equipped with other known components such as an exhaust gas recirculation, an exhaust gas turbocharger, a catalyst and the like, which in FIG. 1 are not shown in detail.
- the engine controller 7 receives the aforementioned and a number of other sensory information (eg, engine speed, coolant temperature, ambient pressure, etc.) and calculates control commands for various components of the engine.
- other sensory information eg, engine speed, coolant temperature, ambient pressure, etc.
- FIG. 1 only the output of the engine controller 7 to the fuel injection system 6 is shown, via which the engine controller 7 can control the fuel injection (timing, duration, fuel amount, fuel pressure).
- the absolute amount of oxygen in the working cylinder 3 depends on the volume of the combustion chamber formed by the cylinder walls and the piston (and thus the position of the crankshaft), the air density, and the oxygen concentration c 0 of the cylinder charge.
- the absolute crankshaft position can be easily determined by an angle sensor or a similar device.
- the air density can be determined by the pressure and the temperature in the working cylinder, the pressure being approximately equal to the ambient pressure (atmospheric pressure) and thus easily predictable, while the temperature can be approximated by the coolant temperature which is usually monitored by a corresponding temperature sensor.
- a direct measurement of the oxygen concentration c o in the working cylinders is not possible in a simple manner.
- Corresponding robust and simply designed sensors for measuring the oxygen concentration in a combustion chamber are not available.
- the continuously recorded measurement data of the internal cylinder pressure p cyl , the intake pressure p man and / or the mass air flow MAF can be used during the outflow phase of the engine.
- only a few data can be used at predefined positions of the camshaft or crankshaft. Due to the typically limited resources of computing capacity in the engine controller 7 (FIG. FIG. 1 ) is a prediction of Oxygen concentration c 0 with the selection of only a few data of the cylinder internal pressure, the intake pressure and / or the air mass flow at predefined crankshaft angles advantageous, since this can be minimized computational complexity.
- FIG. 2 the time course of Ansaugdrukkes p man , the engine speed n and the in-cylinder pressure p cyl for a working cylinder (solid line) and the remaining three cylinders (dotted lines) of the internal combustion engine 10 during a phase-out, at the time 0 ("off") with the Turning off the fuel supply and / or the ignition begins.
- dashed lines in the figure the times TDC1, TDC2 and TDC3 are marked, at which the piston of the working cylinder of the internal combustion engine for the first, second and third (and last) times in the phase-out phase passes the top dead center.
- the previous passage of the piston through the bottom dead center is marked BDC1, BDC2 and BDC3.
- This mean in-cylinder pressure ⁇ p cyl > in the working cylinder 3 is closely related to the oxygen concentration c o in the working cylinder, so that the latter can be calculated therefrom.
- FIG. 3 schematically the relationship between the oxygen concentration c o and the average internal cylinder pressure ⁇ p cyl >.
- Such a relationship can be empirically determined and recorded, for example, in a look-up table or mathematical approximation function to be available to the engine controller.
- FIG. 2 is further indicated that the intake pressure p man can be recorded during the phase out of the engine at each passing through the bottom dead center BDC1, BDC2, BDC3.
- This mean value can then be determined on the basis of FIG. 4 schematically illustrated relationship in an oxygen concentration c o be converted.
- the in-cylinder pressure p cyl and the intake pressure p man may also be used in combination to estimate the oxygen concentration c o in the working cylinder.
- the measured or modeled mass flow data MAF average or cumulative
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Anlassen einer Brennkraftmaschine, vorzugsweise einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Direkteinspritzung. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens ausgebildete Brennkraftmaschine.The invention relates to a method for starting an internal combustion engine, preferably an internal combustion engine with direct injection. Furthermore, the invention relates to a trained for carrying out such a method internal combustion engine.
Zur Verbesserung der Kraftstoffausnutzung in Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungsmotor erfolgt häufig anstelle eines Leerlaufbetriebes ein vollständiges Abstellen des Motors, wenn keine Antriebsleistung benötigt wird. Der Motor muss dann neu angelassen werden, wenn seine Leistung wieder benötigt wird. Für das Anlassen weisen herkömmliche Brennkraftmaschinen spezielle Hilfsaggregate wie etwa einen Anlassermotor oder einen als Motor einsetzbaren Generator (sogen. Startergenerator) auf. Hierbei handelt es sich um verhältnismäßig große und kostenaufwändige Einrichtungen, da für das Anlassen des Verbrennungsmotors eine hohe elektrische Leistung erforderlich ist.In order to improve fuel economy in internal combustion engine vehicles, complete engine shutdown rather than idling often occurs when no drive power is needed. The engine must then be restarted when its power is needed again. For starting, conventional internal combustion engines have special auxiliary units, such as a starter motor or a generator which can be used as a motor (so-called starter generator). These are relatively large and expensive devices, since a high electrical power is required for starting the internal combustion engine.
Darüber hinaus ist es bekannt, eine Brennkraftmaschine durch Auslösen einer Verbrennung anzulassen. Dies ist insbesondere bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit Funkenzündung und Direkteinspritzung möglich. Der direkt in die Brennkammer eingespritzte Kraftstoff wird dabei durch einen Funken gezündet, und die anschließende Explosion des Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisches bewegt den Kolben und startet den Motor, ohne dass die Kurbelwelle durch ein zusätzliches Hilfsaggregat bewegt werden müsste. Ein derartiges direktes Anlassen des Motors erfordert bestimmte Randbedingungen, um erfolgreich durchgeführt werden zu können. Insbesondere ist es erforderlich bzw. vorteilhaft, dass die Kurbelwelle zu Beginn des Anlassens in oder nahe einer bestimmten Position steht.Moreover, it is known to start an internal combustion engine by triggering combustion. This is possible in particular with internal combustion engines with spark ignition and direct injection. The fuel injected directly into the combustion chamber is thereby ignited by a spark, and the subsequent explosion of the air-fuel mixture moves the piston and starts the engine without the crankshaft having to be moved by an additional auxiliary unit. Such direct starting of the engine requires certain constraints in order to be successful. In particular, it is necessary or advantageous for the crankshaft to be in or near a certain position at the start of cranking.
Bei einer Kombination obiger Methoden erfolgt während des Anlassens einer Brennkraftmaschine durch einen Startermotor bereits früh bzw. von Anfang an eine Einspritzung und Verbrennung in den Zylindern, um hierdurch den Anlasser zu unterstützen.In a combination of the above methods takes place during the starting of an internal combustion engine by a starter motor early or from the beginning an injection and combustion in the cylinders to assist the starter.
Die
Die
Die
Aus der
Vor diesem Hintergrund war es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, Mittel für eine einfache und aussagekräftige Ermittlung der Ausgangsbedingungen für die Startphase einer Brennkraftmaschine bereitzustellen.Against this background, it was an object of the present invention to provide means for a simple and meaningful determination of the starting conditions for the starting phase of an internal combustion engine.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie durch eine Brennkraftmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 8 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen enthalten.This object is achieved by a method having the features of
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dient dem Anlassen einer Brennkraftmaschine, bei welcher es sich insbesondere um eine Brennkraftmaschine mit Direkteinspritzung des Kraftstoffes in die Brennkammern (Zylinder) und mit Fremdzündung handeln kann. Bei dem Verfahren wird im ersten während der Startphase der Brennkraftmaschine auftretenden Arbeitstakt des Kolbens mindestens eines Zylinders der Brennkraftmaschine, welcher nachfolgend als "Arbeitszylinder" bezeichnet wird, die Verbrennung eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisches durchgeführt. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor der Startphase der Brennkraftmaschine die Sauerstoffkonzentration im Arbeitszylinder ermittelt wird, und dass in Abhängigkeit von dem ermittelten Wert eine zu verbrennende Kraftstoffmenge zugemessen wird. Die Sauerstoffkonzentration wird dabei vorzugsweise als relative Größe ausgedrückt, die den Anteil reinen Sauerstoffs 02 an der im Arbeitszylinder befindlichen Gasmischung beschreibt, wobei dieser Anteil in Massenprozenten, Volumenprozenten. Molprozenten, als Partialdruck oder als eine andere geeignete Größe ausgedrückt werden kann. Ein solcher Relativwert ist vom Volumen der Brennkammer unabhängig.The inventive method is used for starting an internal combustion engine, which may be in particular an internal combustion engine with direct injection of the fuel into the combustion chambers (cylinder) and with spark ignition. In the method, in the first occurring during the starting phase of the internal combustion engine operating cycle of the piston of at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine, which is hereinafter referred to as "working cylinder", the combustion of an air-fuel mixture is performed. The method according to the invention is characterized in that, before the starting phase of the internal combustion engine, the oxygen concentration in the working cylinder is determined, and in that a quantity of fuel to be burned is metered as a function of the determined value. The oxygen concentration is preferably Expressed in terms of relative size, which describes the proportion of pure oxygen 02 to the gas mixture in the working cylinder, this proportion being in percent by mass, volume percent. Mole percent, can be expressed as partial pressure or other suitable size. Such a relative value is independent of the volume of the combustion chamber.
Die Ermittlung der Sauerstoffkonzentration im Arbeitszylinder erfolgt auf der Basis der Messung mindestens einer der nachfolgend aufgezählten Größen während des Auslaufens der Brennkraftmaschine (das heißt im Zeitraum vom Abstellen der Zündung und/oder der Kraftstoffzufuhr bis zum Stillstand der Brennkraftmaschine):
- Zylinderinnendruck im Arbeitszylinder;
- Ansaugdruck im Ansaugkrümmer der Brennkraftmaschine;
- Luftmassenfluss im Ansaugkrümmer der Brennkraftmaschine.
- Cylinder internal pressure in the working cylinder;
- Intake pressure in the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine;
- Air mass flow in the intake manifold of the internal combustion engine.
Allen drei genannten Größen ist gemeinsam, dass sie in der Regel ohnehin bei einer Brennkraftmaschine durch entsprechende Sensoren gemessen werden beziehungsweise dass sie gegebenenfalls leicht aus gemessenen Größen ermittelbar sind.All three mentioned variables have in common that they are usually measured anyway in an internal combustion engine by corresponding sensors or that they may be easily determined from measured variables.
Um den Aufwand für die Datenverarbeitung zu minimieren, erfolgt die Abschätzung der Sauerstoffkonzentration vorzugsweise aufgrund eines Mittelwertes und/oder aufgrund eines akkumulierten, das heißt aufsummierten beziehungsweise integrierten Wertes der genannten Größen (Zylinderinnendruck, Ansaugdruck und/oder Luftmassenfluss).In order to minimize the complexity of data processing, the oxygen concentration is preferably estimated on the basis of an average value and / or on the basis of an accumulated, ie accumulated or integrated value of said quantities (internal cylinder pressure, intake pressure and / or air mass flow).
Durch die Berücksichtigung der Sauerstoffkonzentration im Arbeitszylinder kann bei dem Verfahren die für eine gute Verbrennung erforderliche und ausreichende Menge an Kraftstoff sehr genau ermittelt und anschließend z. B. durch Direkteinspritzung dem Arbeitszylinder zugeführt werden. Hierdurch wird einerseits eine maximale Energieausbeute gewährleistet, da der gesamte zur Verfügung stehende Sauerstoff für eine Verbrennung ausgenutzt werden kann, andererseits werden jedoch schädliche Emissionen vermieden, die durch überschüssigen Kraftstoff entstehen würden. Die mechanische Energie aus der Verbrennung kann zum Beispiel dazu ausgenutzt werden, die Brennkraftmaschine ohne ein weiteres Hilfsaggregat (Startermotor etc.) allein durch die Zündung des Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisches im Arbeitszylinder anzulassen, wobei der Kolben des Arbeitszylinders sich beim Stillstand der Brennkraftmaschine in einem Arbeitstakt (Expansionstakt) befinden muss. Alternativ kann die Verbrennung während der Startphase auch nur unterstützend für das Anlassen der Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Hilfsaggregat wirken. Dies ermöglichte es z.B., ein leistungsschwächeres und damit kostengünstigeres Hilfsaggregat zu verwenden.By taking into account the oxygen concentration in the working cylinder, the process required for a good combustion and sufficient amount of fuel can be determined very accurately and then z. B. are fed by direct injection to the working cylinder. In this way, on the one hand, maximum energy yield is ensured since all the available oxygen can be utilized for combustion, but on the other hand, harmful emissions caused by excess fuel are avoided would arise. The mechanical energy from the combustion can be exploited, for example, to start the engine without another auxiliary unit (starter motor, etc.) solely by the ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the working cylinder, the piston of the working cylinder at standstill of the internal combustion engine in a Operating stroke (expansion stroke) must be. Alternatively, the combustion during the start-up phase can also only support the starting of the internal combustion engine with an auxiliary unit. This made it possible, for example, to use a less powerful and thus cheaper auxiliary unit.
Zudem kann die Sauerstoffkonzentration mit diesem Verfahren auch im Kompressionszylinder ermittelt werden, mit Hilfe dessen eine dem eigentlichen Startvorgang vorgeschaltete Rückdrehbewegung gemäß
Vorzugsweise wird die ermittelte Sauerstoffkonzentration dazu verwendet, um hieraus die absolute Sauerstoffmenge (z. B. als Massenwert oder als Molzahl) im Arbeitszylinder zu Beginn der Startphase zu ermitteln. Aus der Sauerstoffmenge kann dann unmittelbar die zuzuführende Kraftstoffmenge für eine stöchiometrische Verbrennung berechnet werden. Für die Berechnung der absoluten Sauerstoffmenge aus der Sauerstoffkonzentration kann vorteilhafterweise auf ohnehin an einer Brennkraftmaschine gemessene Größen wie beispielsweise den Kurbelwellenwinkel, den Atmosphärendruck und/oder die Motortemperatur (bzw. Kühlmitteltemperatur) zurückgegriffen werden.Preferably, the determined oxygen concentration is used to determine therefrom the absolute amount of oxygen (eg as mass value or as number of moles) in the working cylinder at the beginning of the starting phase. From the amount of oxygen can then be calculated directly the amount of fuel to be supplied for a stoichiometric combustion. For the calculation of the absolute amount of oxygen from the oxygen concentration can advantageously be used on already measured on an internal combustion engine variables such as the crankshaft angle, the atmospheric pressure and / or the engine temperature (or coolant temperature).
Zur weiteren Verringerung des Aufwandes für die Datenverarbeitung kann die Messung der Größen Zylinderinnendruck, Ansaugdruck und/oder Luftmassenfluss nur bei vorgegebenen Stellungen der Kurbelwelle erfolgen. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich hierbei um Winkelstellungen der Kurbelwelle, die dem unteren und/oder oberen Totpunkt des Kolbens eines Zylinders, vorzugsweise des Arbeitszylinders, entsprechen. Auf diese Weise werden die genannten Größen nur zu verhältnismäßig wenigen, jedoch besonders charakteristischen Zeitpunkten während der Auslaufphase der Brennkraftmaschine abgetastet.To further reduce the cost of data processing, the measurement of the sizes in-cylinder pressure, intake pressure and / or air mass flow can only take place at predetermined positions of the crankshaft. These are preferably angular positions of the crankshaft which correspond to the lower and / or top dead center of the piston of a cylinder, preferably of the working cylinder. In this way, the sizes mentioned are sampled only at relatively few, but particularly characteristic times during the phaseout of the internal combustion engine.
Insbesondere kann der Zylinderinnendruck während der Auslaufphase der Brennkraftmaschine beim oberen Totpunkt des Kolbens des Arbeitszylinders, in dem während der Startphase die erste Verbrennung stattfindet, gemessen werden. Weiterhin kann die Messung des Ansaugdruckes vorzugsweise jeweils beim unteren Totpunkt des Kolbens des Arbeitszylinders erfolgen.In particular, the in-cylinder pressure can be measured during the phase-out phase of the internal combustion engine at top dead center of the piston of the working cylinder in which the first combustion takes place during the starting phase. Furthermore, the measurement of the intake pressure can preferably be carried out in each case at the bottom dead center of the piston of the working cylinder.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Brennkraftmaschine, vorzugsweise eine Brennkraftmaschine mit Direkteinspritzung und Fremdzündung, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass sie zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens der oben erläuterten Art eingerichtet ist. Insbesondere kann die Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Motorsteuerung ausgerüstet sein, die derart programmiert ist, dass sie die Sauerstoffkonzentration im Arbeitszylinder der Brennkraftmaschine zur Berechnung der zuzumessenden Kraftstoffmenge für die erste Verbrennung im Arbeitszylinder während der Startphase verwendet. Die Brennkraftmaschine kann weiterhin mit der Motorsteuerung gekoppelte Sensoren für den Luftmassenfluss im Ansaugkrümmer, für den Ansaugdruck und/oder für den Zylinderinnendruck aufweisen, um aus diesen Größen die Sauerstoffkonzentration zu ermitteln.The invention further relates to an internal combustion engine, preferably an internal combustion engine with direct injection and spark ignition, which is characterized in that it is adapted to carry out a method of the type described above. In particular, the internal combustion engine may be equipped with a motor controller programmed to use the oxygen concentration in the working cylinder of the internal combustion engine to calculate the quantity of fuel to be metered for the first combustion in the working cylinder during the starting phase. The internal combustion engine can furthermore have sensors coupled to the engine control for the air mass flow in the intake manifold, for the intake pressure and / or for the cylinder internal pressure in order to determine the oxygen concentration from these variables.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung mit Hilfe der Figuren beispielhaft näher erläutert.
Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- schematisch die Komponenten einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Direkteinspritzung, bei welcher das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchgeführt werden kann;
- Fig. 2
- die zeitlichen Verläufe des Ansaugdruckes, der Motordrehzahl, sowie verschiedener Zylinderinnendrücke beim Auslaufen einer Brennkraftmaschine;
- Fig. 3
- den Zusammenhang zwischen der Sauerstoffkonzentration und dem mittleren Zylinderinnendruck während der Auslaufphase einer Brennkraftmaschine, und
- Fig. 4
- den Zusammenhang zwischen der Sauerstoffkonzentration und dem mittleren Ansaugdruck während der Auslaufphase einer Brennkraftmaschine.
Show it
- Fig. 1
- schematically the components of a direct injection internal combustion engine, in which the inventive method can be performed;
- Fig. 2
- the time profiles of the intake pressure, the engine speed, as well as various internal cylinder pressures at the expiration of an internal combustion engine;
- Fig. 3
- the relationship between the oxygen concentration and the average internal cylinder pressure during the phase-out phase of an internal combustion engine, and
- Fig. 4
- the relationship between the oxygen concentration and the mean intake pressure during the phase-out phase of an internal combustion engine.
Bei der in
Die Brennkraftmaschine 10 weist ferner einen Ansaugkrümmer 2 zur Zufuhr von Frischluft auf, wobei deren Zufuhrrate über eine Drosselklappe 1 eingestellt werden kann. Stromaufwärts der Drosselklappe ist ein Luftmassenfluß-Sensor 8 angeordnet, welcher ein den Luftmassenfluß MAF repräsentierendes Signal an eine Motorsteuerung 7, die z.B. durch einen Mikroprozessor realisiert sein kann, übermittelt. Stromabwärts der Drosselklappe 1 ist ein Drucksensor 9 für den Ansaugdruck pman angeordnet, dessen Signal ebenfalls an die Motorsteuerung 7 geleitet wird. Schließlich sind in den Zylindern 3 der Brennkraftmaschine jeweils Drucksensoren 4 für den Zylinderinnendruck pcyl vorgesehen, welche ihre Signale der Motorsteuerung 7 übermitteln.The
Die Abgase aus den Zylindern 3 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 werden von einem Abgaskrümmer 5 in ein nicht näher dargestelltes Abgassystem geleitet. Selbstverständlich kann die Brennkraftmaschine mit weiteren bekannten Komponenten wie beispielsweise einer Abgasrückführung, einem Abgasturbolader, einem Katalysator und dergleichen ausgerüstet sein, welche in
Die Motorsteuerung 7 empfängt die genannten und eine Reihe weiterer sensorischer Informationen (beispielsweise die Motordrehzahl, die Kühlmitteltemperatur, den Umgebungsdruck etc.) und berechnet hieraus Steuerkommandos für verschiedene Komponenten der Brennkraftmaschine. In
Um die Brennkraftmaschine 10 nach einem Stillstand erfolgreich direkt (d. h. ohne Hilfsaggregat) starten zu können oder um einen Start durch frühe Zündungen in der Startphase unterstützen zu können, ist die Einhaltung beziehungsweise Kenntnis einer Reihe von Randbedingungen erforderlich. Eine der vorteilhafterweise zu kennenden Bedingungen ist der Sauerstoffgehalt in dem Arbeitszylinder 3 oder den Arbeitszylindern. Als "Arbeitszylinder" werden dabei alle Zylinder bezeichnet, deren Ventile zu Beginn der Startphase geschlossen sind und deren Ventile bis zur Kraftstoffgemischzündung im jeweiligen Zylinder nicht mehr geöffnet werden. Die Kolben der Arbeitszylinder befinden sich entweder in einer Position (kurz) hinter dem oberen Totpunkt, also in der Stellung eines Arbeits- oder Expansionstaktes oder, bei vorgeschaltetem Rückdrehen, kurz vor dem oberen Totpunkt, also im Kompressionstakt . Aufgrund der geschlossenen Ventile bleibt die in einem Arbeitszylinder vorhandene Gasfüllung erhalten. Die absolute Sauerstoffmenge im Arbeitszylinder bestimmt die maximale Kraftstoffmenge, die dort verbrannt werden kann und damit die maximale Energiemenge, welche zur Bewegung der Kurbelwelle über den nachfolgenden oberen Totpunkt hinweg ausgenutzt werden kann.In order to be able to start the
Die absolute Sauerstoffmenge im Arbeitszylinder 3 hängt von dem Volumen der durch die Zylinderwände und den Kolben gebildeten Brennkammer (und damit der Position der Kurbelwelle), von der Luftdichte, und von der Sauerstoffkonzentration c0 der Zylinderladung ab. Die absolute Kurbelwellenposition kann dabei leicht durch einen Winkelsensor oder eine ähnliche Einrichtung bestimmt werden. Die Luftdichte kann durch den Druck und die Temperatur im Arbeitszylinder bestimmt werden, wobei der Druck annähernd gleich dem Umgebungsdruck (Atmosphärendruck) und daher leicht vorhersagbar ist, während die Temperatur durch die Kühlmitteltemperatur angenähert werden kann, welche üblicherweise durch einen entsprechenden Temperatursensor überwacht wird.The absolute amount of oxygen in the working
Eine direkte Messung der Sauerstoffkonzentration co in den Arbeitszylindern ist dagegen nicht in einfacher Weise möglich. Entsprechende robuste und einfach ausgelegte Sensoren zur Messung der Sauerstoffkonzentration in einer Brennkammer sind nicht verfügbar. Andererseits ist es für den Erfolg und die Qualität eines Direktstarts ohne Hilfsaggregate beziehungsweise eines unterstützten Starts mit Hilfsaggregaten wichtig, den Sauerstoffgehalt und damit die Sauerstoffkonzentration im Arbeitszylinder zu kennen, um die zu injizierende Kraftstoffmenge möglichst genau bestimmen zu können. Falls der Sauerstoffgehalt unterschätzt würde, würde nämlich zu wenig Kraftstoff injiziert und damit die verfügbare Energie nicht ausgeschöpft. Bei einer Überschätzung des Sauerstoffgehaltes würde dagegen zuviel Kraftstoff injiziert, was zu erhöhten Emissionen von Kohlenwasserstoffen und Kohlenmonoxid führt. Weiterhin kann eine Fehleinschätzung der Sauerstoffmenge auch zu einer falschen Vorhersage darüber führen, ob ein Direktstart erfolgreich möglich ist oder nicht.A direct measurement of the oxygen concentration c o in the working cylinders, however, is not possible in a simple manner. Corresponding robust and simply designed sensors for measuring the oxygen concentration in a combustion chamber are not available. On the other hand, it is important for the success and quality of a direct start without auxiliary units or a supported start with auxiliary units to know the oxygen content and thus the oxygen concentration in the working cylinder in order to determine the amount of fuel to be injected as accurately as possible. If the oxygen content were underestimated, too little fuel would be injected and thus the available energy would not be exhausted. On the other hand, overestimating the oxygen content would inject too much fuel, leading to increased emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide leads. Furthermore, a misjudgment of the amount of oxygen can also lead to a false prediction of whether a direct start is possible or not.
Zur Lösung dieser Problemstellung wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, die Sauerstoffkonzentration c0 in dem oder den Arbeitszylindern 3 auf der Basis der Messung des Zylinderinnendruckes pcyl, des Ansaugdruckes pman und/oder des Luftmassenflusses MAF vorherzusagen. Es zeigt sich nämlich, daß die Sauerstoffkonzentration c0 in den Arbeitszylindern 3 proportional zu den nachfolgend aufgezählten Parametern ist, welche in einfacher Weise während des Auslaufens der Brennkraftmaschine (das heißt der Verzögerungszeit vom Abschalten der Zündung und/oder der Kraftstoffzufuhr bis zum Stillstand der Brennkraftmaschine) gemessen werden können:
- durchschnittlicher Druckverlauf in den Arbeitszylindern;
- akkumulierter Druckverlauf in den Arbeitszylindern;
- durchschnittlicher Ansaugdruck während der Ansaugphase (Laden der Zylinder);
- akkumulierter Ansaugdruck während der Ansaugphase;
- mittlerer Luftmassenfluß während der Ansaugphase;
- akkumulierter Luftmassenfluß während der Ansaugphase.
- average pressure gradient in the working cylinders;
- accumulated pressure curve in the working cylinders;
- average intake pressure during intake phase (cylinder loading);
- accumulated suction pressure during the suction phase;
- average air mass flow during the intake phase;
- accumulated air mass flow during the intake phase.
Dabei können die kontinuierlich aufgezeichneten Meßdaten des Zylinderinnendruckes pcyl, des Ansaugdruckes pman und/oder des Luftmassenflusses MAF während der Auslaufphase des Motors verwendet werden. Alternativ können auch nur wenige Daten an vordefinierten Stellungen der Nockenwelle beziehungsweise Kurbelwelle verwendet werden. Aufgrund der typischerweise begrenzten Ressourcen an Rechenkapazität in der Motorsteuerung 7 (
In diesem Zusammenhang zeigt
Dieser mittlere Zylinderinnendruck <pcyl> im Arbeitszylinder 3 steht in einem engen Zusammenhang mit der Sauerstoffkonzentration co im Arbeitszylinder, so daß Letztere hieraus berechnet werden kann. Diesbezüglich zeigt
Zusätzlich oder alternativ zur Messung des Zylinderinnendruckes am oberen Totpunkt kann diese auch an anderen geeigneten Positionen der Kurbelwelle erfolgen. Weiterhin könnte anstelle des durchschnittlichen Druckes <pcyl> auch der kumulative Druck während aller oder eines Teils der aufgenommenen Takte verwendet werden.Additionally or alternatively to the measurement of the cylinder internal pressure at top dead center, this can also be done at other suitable positions of the crankshaft. Furthermore, instead of the average pressure <p cyl > and the cumulative pressure during all or part of the recorded measures.
In
Dieser Mittelwert kann sodann aufgrund des in
Zusätzlich oder alternativ zur Messung des Ansaugdruckes am unteren Totpunkt kann diese auch an anderen geeigneten Positionen der Kurbelwelle erfolgen. Weiterhin könnte anstelle des durchschnittlichen Druckes <pman> auch der kumulative Druck während aller oder eines Teils der aufgenommenen Takte verwendet werden.Additionally or alternatively to the measurement of the intake pressure at the bottom dead center, this can also be done at other suitable positions of the crankshaft. Furthermore, instead of the average pressure <p man >, the cumulative pressure could also be used during all or part of the recorded clocks.
Um die Genauigkeit des Verfahrens zu erhöhen, können der Zylinderinnendruck pcyl und der Ansaugdruck pman auch in Kombination verwendet werden, um die Sauerstoffkonzentration co im Arbeitszylinder zu schätzen. Zusätzlich oder alternativ zu diesen Daten könnten auch die gemessenen oder durch ein Modell berechneten Daten des Luftmassenflusses MAF (im Mittel oder kumulativ) verwendet werden.In order to increase the accuracy of the method, the in-cylinder pressure p cyl and the intake pressure p man may also be used in combination to estimate the oxygen concentration c o in the working cylinder. In addition or as an alternative to this data, the measured or modeled mass flow data MAF (average or cumulative) could also be used.
Claims (8)
- Method for starting an internal combustion engine, combustion taking place during the starting phase in the first expansion stroke of at least one cylinder (3) (working cylinder), the oxygen concentration (c0) in the working cylinder (3) being determined before the starting phase, and a fuel quantity to be burnt being metered as a function of this, characterized in that the oxygen concentration (C0) in the working cylinder (3) is estimated on the basis of an average value (<pcyl>, <pman>), determined during the rundown of the internal combustion engine (10), and/or of an accumulated value:of the cylinder internal pressure (pcyl) in the working cylinder (3) and/or of the intake pressure (pman) in the intake manifold (2) and/or of the mass air flow (MAF) in the intake manifold (2).
- Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the oxygen concentration (C0) is determined on the basis of an empirically determined relation.
- Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxygen quantity in the working cylinder (3) at the commencement of the starting phase is determined from the oxygen concentration (C0).
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the measurement of said variables (pcyl, pman, MAF) is carried out only in predetermined positions of the crankshaft, preferably at the bottom dead center (BDC) and/or at the top dead center (TDC) of a piston of the internal combustion engine (10).
- Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the measurement of the cylinder internal pressure (pcyl) is carried out at the top dead center (TDC) and/or wherein the measurement of the intake pressure (pman) is carried out at the bottom dead center (BDC) of the piston of the working cylinder (3).
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the starting of the internal combustion engine (10) without an auxiliary assembly takes place by means of the ignition of an air/fuel mixture in the working cylinder (3), the piston of which is in the position of a working stroke at the standstill of the internal combustion engine (10).
- Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the starting of the internal combustion engine (10) takes place with an auxiliary assembly and is assisted by the combustion in the working cylinder (3).
- Internal combustion engine, characterized in that it is designed for carrying out a method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 7.
Priority Applications (2)
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DE50309198T DE50309198D1 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2003-03-31 | Method for starting an internal combustion engine |
EP03100843A EP1464832B1 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2003-03-31 | Method for starting an internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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EP03100843A EP1464832B1 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2003-03-31 | Method for starting an internal combustion engine |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10335401B4 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2012-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for starting an internal combustion engine |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE10335016B4 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2012-11-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for starting a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine |
JP2006183630A (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2006-07-13 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Internal combustion engine and method of starting the same |
US7117078B1 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-03 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Intake oxygen estimator for internal combustion engine |
DE102007053719B3 (en) * | 2007-11-10 | 2009-06-04 | Audi Ag | Internal combustion engine e.g. flat engine, operating device for motor vehicle, involves determining mass of gas in cylinder as parameter for quantity of gas, and determining oxygen concentration of gas as parameter for quality of gas |
EP2960473A1 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2015-12-30 | BorgWarner Inc. | Engine system control responsive to oxygen concentration estimated from engine cylinder pressure |
DE102016004724A1 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2016-12-22 | Daimler Ag | Method for operating an internal combustion engine, in particular a vehicle |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3117144A1 (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 1982-11-18 | Fa. Emil Bender, 5900 Siegen | Starter device for a multi-cylinder spark-ignition engine |
JP3510021B2 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 2004-03-22 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Air-fuel ratio control device for internal combustion engine |
US6098585A (en) * | 1997-08-11 | 2000-08-08 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Multi-cylinder four stroke direct injection spark ignition engine |
DE10020325A1 (en) | 2000-04-26 | 2001-11-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for starting a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine |
WO2002042618A2 (en) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-05-30 | Ribakov Anatolij Aleksandrovic | Injection method for starting an internal combustion engine |
JP3767426B2 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2006-04-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Engine cylinder intake air amount calculation device |
-
2003
- 2003-03-31 DE DE50309198T patent/DE50309198D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-31 EP EP03100843A patent/EP1464832B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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DE10335401B4 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2012-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for starting an internal combustion engine |
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