EP1458898B1 - Method of fabrication of an aluminium alloy article by hot- and cold-forming - Google Patents

Method of fabrication of an aluminium alloy article by hot- and cold-forming Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1458898B1
EP1458898B1 EP02787956A EP02787956A EP1458898B1 EP 1458898 B1 EP1458898 B1 EP 1458898B1 EP 02787956 A EP02787956 A EP 02787956A EP 02787956 A EP02787956 A EP 02787956A EP 1458898 B1 EP1458898 B1 EP 1458898B1
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Prior art keywords
semi
temperature
less
component
hafnium
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EP02787956A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1458898A1 (en
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Andreas Barth
Patrick Laevers
Arne Mulkers
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Aluminium Duffel BV
Mercedes Benz Group AG
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Corus Aluminium NV
DaimlerChrysler AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions

Definitions

  • the invention relates a method for Production of an aluminum component according to claim and a Component produced by a method according to claims 1-8.
  • High strength Cu e.g., Al Mg Si 1 Cu 0.5
  • Zn-containing have heat-treated Al semi-finished and Al forgings Although high static strength values, but is their Breaking strain low. In the case of notch effect (e.g. Rockfall) thus results in a low dynamic Strength.
  • these alloys are vulnerable Corrosion, so that to avoid notch-acting Corrosion scars require expensive corrosion protection is.
  • forged Al chassis parts are always exposed to stone chips (notches) and corrosion, In these areas, only in exceptional cases are Cu / Zn ambience Al materials used.
  • Ductilers or notch-oriented Al Mg Si 1 alloys such as. B. the EN-AW 6082 are indeed because of their very low Cu and Zn content Corrosion resistant, but achieve this Alloys do not have sufficient strength values.
  • German Offenlegungsschriften DE OS 2 103 614 and DE OS 2 213 136 each describe an aluminum-silicon-magnesium Alloy, the recrystallization inhibiting reacts, but these alloys are too low Strength on, also is the tendency to recrystallization this alloy for multi-formed or cold-formed Components still too high. The same goes for the known alloy according to EN-AW 6082.
  • the object of the invention is a component and a method for producing a component to provide better than the prior art recrystallization-inhibiting effect and to a higher Strength and corrosion resistance of the components lead.
  • the solution of the task consists in one Method according to Claim 1 and in a component according to claim 9.
  • the Alloy a silicon content between 0.9 and 1.7 wt.% on.
  • the invention is also characterized by the fact that the Alloy elements manganese, chrome and zirconium and / or Hafnium together account for at least 0.4% by weight exhibit. Preferably, the proportion of these Elements higher than 0.6% by weight. These elements act as Recrystallization inhibitors.
  • the alloy has a silicon content of 0.9 to 1.3% on. It turned out that a lower Silicon content not to the required strength values leads.
  • the silicon works in combination with the magnesium in the form of precipitation hardening (heat treatment), the in the form of Mg2Si precipitates. higher Levels of manganese and chromium also lead to one Precipitation hardening or strengthening.
  • the alloy is particularly resistant to Recrystallization both in hot working and in Cold forming. It is almost independent of a high strength and a manufacturing process low tendency to corrosion.
  • the low Corrosion tendency is mainly due to the low proportion of Attributed to copper and zinc.
  • the process is characterized by the fact that cast Raw material of the alloy at temperatures between 420 ° C and 540 ° C, preferably homogenized between 460 ° C and 500 ° C becomes. During this homogenization, the Alloy components magnesium and silicon fine in the Aluminum matrix also distributes the form Dispersoids, as described, based on zirconium or hafnium, manganese, chromium and / or iron.
  • the raw material Homogenizing for at least 4 hours is particularly preferred a homogenization of 12 h applied.
  • the Semifinished between 500 ° C and 560 ° C, wherein each of the The highest possible temperature to choose is around To avoid recrystallisation nuclei.
  • the semi-finished products will be if necessary, separated into workpieces suitable for forming and either one or several cold formed or possibly several times warm to components or more Reshaped semi-finished products.
  • a machining of the Semi-finished products, z. B. by turning or milling is also appropriate.
  • Hot or cold forming or cutting Editing can be done within the skill of the art take place and optionally conventional heat treatments include.
  • the hot forming of the semifinished product follows at temperatures that are in the range of the usual solution annealing (between 440 ° C and 560 ° C). It is during the reshaping in particular during several forming steps make sure that the Temperature of the workpiece is not below the mentioned Temperature drops, resulting in coarse precipitates in the component structure would result.
  • the forming process replaces the Process step of the solution annealing, which affects considerably the process costs and the duration of the process.
  • the forming temperatures according to the invention are higher than the usual Forming temperatures, resulting in less solidification and thus a lower Rekristallisationskeimön in Microstructure causes.
  • the recrystallization becomes sustainable suppressed.
  • Higher strength values and above all significantly higher elongation at break in highly formed areas are the consequence.
  • the workpiece After forming, the workpiece is preferably in water quenched, which freezes the structure. At the subsequent hot curing between 160 ° C and 240 ° C the desired strength increase takes place.
  • the aluminum component according to the invention produced by a method according to any one of claims 1-8, in one of Alloy information corresponding composition one Tensile strength of at least 400 MPa and a minimum Elongation at break (A5) of 10%.
  • Such components are preferably as tie rods or other chassis parts, Profiles, bolts, screws or wheels used.
  • the Tension struts are quenched in water and at 200 ° C for 4 h artificially aged.
  • the tie rods point both in the area a middle brace as well as in the area of a big eye, due to the high degree of deformation usually one having high degree of recrystallization, a Tensile strength of more than 400 MPa and a breaking elongation (A5) of more than 13%.

Abstract

A component or semi-finished piece is made from a hot-form aluminium alloy of the following composition in wt. %: silicon 0.9-1.3, magnesium 0.7-1.2, manganese 0.5-1.0, copper less than 0.1, iron less than 0.5, chromium less than 0.25, titanium less than 0.1, zinc less than 0.2, zirconium and/or hafnium 0.05-0.2 and further unavoidable impurities, whereby the total amount of chromium and manganese and zirconium and/or hafnium is at least 0.4 by weight. The aluminium/silicon mixed crystals are present in addition to magnesium silicide precipitates.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aluminiumbauteils nach Anspruch und ein Bauteil, hergestellt durch ein Verfahren nach Ansprüchen 1-8.The invention relates a method for Production of an aluminum component according to claim and a Component produced by a method according to claims 1-8.

Hochfeste Cu- (z.B. Al Mg Si 1 Cu 0,5) oder Zn-haltige, wärmebehandelte Al-Halbzeuge und Al-Schmiedeteile haben zwar hohe statische Festigkeitswerte, jedoch ist deren Bruchdehnung niedrig. Im Fall von Kerbwirkung (z.B. Steinschlag) resultiert somit eine geringe dynamische Festigkeit. Auch sind diese Legierungen anfällig gegenüber Korrosion, so dass zur Vermeidung kerbwirkender Korrosionsnarben ein teurer Korrosionsschutz erforderlich ist. Da z.B. hoch belastete, geschmiedete Al-Fahrwerksteile immer Steinschlag- (Kerben) und Korrosion ausgesetzt sind, werden in diesen Bereichen nur in Ausnahmefällen Cu-/Znhaltige Al-Werkstoffe eingesetzt. Duktilere bzw. kerbunempfinlichere Al Mg Si 1-Legierungen wie z. B. die EN-AW 6082 sind zwar wegen ihres sehr geringen Cu- und Zn-Gehaltes korrosionsbeständig, jedoch erreichen diese Legierungen keine ausreichende Festigkeitswerte.High strength Cu (e.g., Al Mg Si 1 Cu 0.5) or Zn-containing, have heat-treated Al semi-finished and Al forgings Although high static strength values, but is their Breaking strain low. In the case of notch effect (e.g. Rockfall) thus results in a low dynamic Strength. Also, these alloys are vulnerable Corrosion, so that to avoid notch-acting Corrosion scars require expensive corrosion protection is. As e.g. heavily loaded, forged Al chassis parts are always exposed to stone chips (notches) and corrosion, In these areas, only in exceptional cases are Cu / Znhaltige Al materials used. Ductilers or notch-oriented Al Mg Si 1 alloys such as. B. the EN-AW 6082 are indeed because of their very low Cu and Zn content Corrosion resistant, but achieve this Alloys do not have sufficient strength values.

Ein weiterer Nachteil derartiger Legierungen besteht darin, dass beim Umformen und späteren Wärmebehandeln hoch umgeformte Schmiede- und Halbzeugzonen grobkörnig rekristallisieren. Ein grobkörniges bzw. sprödes und minder festes Gefüge führt zu einem frühen Ausfall des Al-Bauteiles.Another disadvantage of such alloys is that that during forming and later heat treatment high Formed forging and semi-finished zones coarse-grained recrystallize. A coarse-grained or brittle and less firm structure leads to an early failure of the Al component.

Dies gilt vor allem dann, wenn z. B. zu Erzielung einer hohen Materialausbeute eine Mehrfachumformung beim Schmieden erforderlich ist. Bei der Mehrfachumformung erfolgt meist der höchste Umformungsgrad erst am Ende des Umformprozesses und somit bei Temperaturen zwischen 390°C und 450°C, so dass das Gefüge beim späteren Wärmebehandeln rekristallisiert. Noch problematischer ist das Rekristallisationsverhalten kalt umgeformter Al-Halbzeuge, die später wärmebehandelt werden. So wird z.B. für das Herstellen hoch fester Al-Schrauben kalt gezogener Draht oder Stangen verwendet, der dann über Stauchen und Pressen zu einem Schraubenrohling kalt umgeformt wird. Beim späteren Wärmebehandeln ist somit das Gefüge hoch rekristallisationsanfällig. Dasselbe gilt für kalt geschmiedete Al-Räder.This is especially true if z. B. to achieve a high material yield a Mehrfachumformung when Forging is required. In the multiple forming usually the highest degree of deformation occurs only at the end of the Forming process and thus at temperatures between 390 ° C and 450 ° C, allowing the microstructure to heat later recrystallized. Even more problematic is the recrystallization behavior cold-formed Al semi-finished products, later be heat treated. For example, for making high solid Al screws cold drawn wire or rods used, then about upsetting and pressing to a Screw blank is cold formed. Later Heat treatment is thus the structure high rekristallisationsanfällig. The same applies to cold forged Al wheels.

Die deutschen Offenlegungsschriften DE OS 2 103 614 und DE OS 2 213 136 beschreiben jeweils eine Aluminium-Silizium-Magnesium -Legierung, die rekristallisationshemmend reagiert, diese Legierungen weisen jedoch eine zu geringe Festigkeit auf, zudem ist die Neigung zur Rekristallisation dieser Legierung für mehrfachumgeformte oder kaltumgeformte Bauteile immer noch zu hoch. Das selbe gilt für die bekannte Legierung nach der EN-AW 6082.German Offenlegungsschriften DE OS 2 103 614 and DE OS 2 213 136 each describe an aluminum-silicon-magnesium Alloy, the recrystallization inhibiting reacts, but these alloys are too low Strength on, also is the tendency to recrystallization this alloy for multi-formed or cold-formed Components still too high. The same goes for the known alloy according to EN-AW 6082.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein Bauteil und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils bereitzustellen, die gegenüber dem Stand der Technik besser rekristallisationshemmend wirken und zu einer höheren Festigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Bauteile führen. The object of the invention is a component and a method for producing a component to provide better than the prior art recrystallization-inhibiting effect and to a higher Strength and corrosion resistance of the components lead.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe besteht in einem Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und in einem Bauteil nach Anspruch 9.The solution of the task consists in one Method according to Claim 1 and in a component according to claim 9.

Das erfindungsgemäße Bauteil oder Halbzeug hergestellt durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-8 besteht aus einer Aluminiumlegierung mit folgender Zusammensetzung:

  • Silizium   0,9 - 1,3,
  • Magnesium   0,7 - 1,2,
  • Mangan   0, 5 - 1,0,
  • Kupfer   kleiner 0,1,
  • Eisen   kleiner 0,5,
  • Chrom   kleiner 0,25,
  • Zirkon und/oder Hafnium   0,05 - 0,2.
In vorteilhafter Weise liegen bestimmte Legierungsbestandteile in folgender Zusammensetzung vor:
  • Kupfer kleiner   0,05,
  • Eisen   0, 1 - 0,5,
  • Chrom   0,05 - 0,2,
  • Zink   kleiner 0,05.
The component or semifinished product produced by a method according to any one of claims 1-8 consists of an aluminum alloy having the following composition:
  • Silicon 0.9 - 1.3,
  • Magnesium 0.7 - 1.2,
  • Manganese 0, 5 - 1.0,
  • Copper smaller 0.1,
  • Iron less than 0.5,
  • Chrome smaller than 0.25,
  • Zirconium and / or hafnium 0.05-0.2.
Advantageously, certain alloying constituents are present in the following composition:
  • Copper smaller 0.05,
  • Iron 0, 1 - 0.5,
  • Chromium 0.05 - 0.2,
  • Zinc less than 0.05.

Zudem kann die Legierung, die Elemente

  • Zink   kleiner 0,2
  • Titan   kleiner 0,1
enthalten. Titan dient hierbei zur Kornverfeinerung, Zink kann zur Festigkeitssteigerung beitragen. Zusätzlich enthält die Legierung übliche Verunreinigungen, die auf den Herstellungsprozess zurückzuführen sind.In addition, the alloy, the elements
  • Zinc less than 0.2
  • Titanium less than 0.1
contain. Titanium serves to grain refining, zinc can contribute to the increase in strength. In addition, the alloy contains common impurities due to the manufacturing process.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungsform weist die Legierung einen Siliziumanteil zwischen 0,9 und 1,7 Gew.% auf.In an advantageous embodiment, the Alloy a silicon content between 0.9 and 1.7 wt.% on.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich zudem dadurch aus, dass die Legierungselemente Mangan, Chrom und Zirkon und/oder Hafnium zusammen einen Anteil von mindestens 0,4 Gew. % aufweisen. In bevorzugter Weise liegt der Anteil dieser Elemente höher als 0,6 Gew. %. Diese Elemente fungieren als Rekristallisationshemmer.The invention is also characterized by the fact that the Alloy elements manganese, chrome and zirconium and / or Hafnium together account for at least 0.4% by weight exhibit. Preferably, the proportion of these Elements higher than 0.6% by weight. These elements act as Recrystallization inhibitors.

Diese Elemente bilden mit dem Aluminium beim Homogenisierungsglühen intermetallische Dispersoide, die die Korngrenzen verankern und sich auch während weiterer Temperaturbehandlungen nicht oder nur im geringen Masse wieder auflösen. Durch die Verankerung der Dispersoide an den Korngrenzen wird das Wachstum der Körner zu Grobkorn verhindert, wodurch somit die Rekristallisation nachhaltige unterdrückt wird. Zirkon und hafniumhaltige Dispersoide sind besonders temperaturstabil, was sich hemmend auf die Rekristallisation bei hohen Temperaturen auswirkt.These elements form with the aluminum at Homogenizing annealing intermetallic dispersoids, the anchor the grain boundaries and also during further Temperature treatments are not or only to a limited extent dissolve again. By anchoring the dispersoids At the grain boundaries, the growth of grains becomes coarse grain prevents, thus making the recrystallization sustainable is suppressed. Zirconium and hafnium-containing dispersoids are particularly temperature stable, which inhibits the Recrystallization at high temperatures affects.

Die Legierung weist einen Siliziumanteil von 0,9 bis 1,3 % auf. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass ein niedrigerer Siliziumanteil nicht zu den geforderten Festigkeitswerten führt. Das Silizium wirkt in Kombination mit dem Magnesium in Form einer Ausscheidungshärtung (Wärmebehandlung), die sich in Form von Mg2Si-Ausscheidungen einstellt. Höhere Gehalte an Mangan und Chrom führen ebenfalls zu einer Ausscheidungshärtung bzw. Festigungssteigerung.The alloy has a silicon content of 0.9 to 1.3% on. It turned out that a lower Silicon content not to the required strength values leads. The silicon works in combination with the magnesium in the form of precipitation hardening (heat treatment), the in the form of Mg2Si precipitates. higher Levels of manganese and chromium also lead to one Precipitation hardening or strengthening.

Darüber hinaus ist es zweckmäßig, dass für eine Mischkristallhärtung, also einer Bildung von AlSi-Mischkristallen ein Überschuss an Silizium besteht, der nicht in Mg2Si-Ausscheidungen gebunden ist. Das Verhältnis von Silizium zu Magnesium liegt somit bevorzugt zwischen 1,1 bis 1,3 zu 1, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1,16 bis 1,24 zu 1.In addition, it is appropriate for a Solid-solution hardening, ie formation of AlSi mixed crystals there is an excess of silicon, the is not bound in Mg2Si excretions. The relationship from silicon to magnesium is thus preferred between 1.1 to 1.3 to 1, more preferably between 1.16 to 1.24 to 1.

Die Legierung ist besonders resistent gegen Rekristallisation sowohl bei Warmumformung als auch bei Kaltumformung. Sie weist an sich nahezu unabhängig von einem Herstellungsverfahren eine hohe Festigkeit und eine geringe Korrosionsneigung auf. Die geringe Korrosionsneigung ist vor allem auf den geringen Anteil an Kupfer und Zink zurückzuführen.The alloy is particularly resistant to Recrystallization both in hot working and in Cold forming. It is almost independent of a high strength and a manufacturing process low tendency to corrosion. The low Corrosion tendency is mainly due to the low proportion of Attributed to copper and zinc.

Das Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass gegossenes Rohmaterial der Legierung bei Temperaturen zwischen 420° C und 540°C, bevorzugt zwischen 460°C und 500°C homogenisiert wird. Während dieser Homogenisierung werden die Legierungsbestandteile Magnesium und Silizium fein in der Aluminium-Matrix verteilt zudem bilden sich die Dispersoide, die, wie beschrieben, auf Basis vom Zirkon oder Hafnium, Mangan, Chrom und/oder Eisen bestehen.The process is characterized by the fact that cast Raw material of the alloy at temperatures between 420 ° C and 540 ° C, preferably homogenized between 460 ° C and 500 ° C becomes. During this homogenization, the Alloy components magnesium and silicon fine in the Aluminum matrix also distributes the form Dispersoids, as described, based on zirconium or hafnium, manganese, chromium and / or iron.

Es hat sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, das Rohmaterial mindestens 4 h zu homogenisieren, besonders bevorzugt wird eine Homogenisierung von 12 h angewendet.It has turned out to be advantageous, the raw material Homogenizing for at least 4 hours is particularly preferred a homogenization of 12 h applied.

Im weiteren Verfahren wird das Rohmaterial bei einer Temperatur zwischen 450° C und 560° C zu Halbzeugen geformt (z. B. Strangpressen oder Walzen von Blechen) und gegebenenfalls abgeschreckt. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Halbzeugformung zwischen 500°C und 560°C, wobei jeweils die höchstmögliche Temperatur zu wählen ist um Rekristallisationskeime zu vermeiden. Die Halbzeuge werden falls notwendig in umformgerechte Werkstücke vereinzelt und entweder ein- oder mehrfach kalt umgeformt oder gegebenenfalls mehrfach warm zu Bauteilen oder weiteren Halbzeugen umgeformt. Eine spanende Bearbeitung der Halbzeuge, z. B. durch Drehen oder Fräsen ist ebenfalls zweckmäßig. Das Warm- oder Kaltumformen oder das spanende Bearbeiten kann im Rahmen des fachmännischen Könnens erfolgen und gegebenenfalls übliche Wärmebehandlungen beinhalten.In the further process, the raw material at a Temperature formed between 450 ° C and 560 ° C to semi-finished products (eg extrusion or rolling of sheets) and optionally quenched. Preferably, the Semifinished between 500 ° C and 560 ° C, wherein each of the The highest possible temperature to choose is around To avoid recrystallisation nuclei. The semi-finished products will be if necessary, separated into workpieces suitable for forming and either one or several cold formed or possibly several times warm to components or more Reshaped semi-finished products. A machining of the Semi-finished products, z. B. by turning or milling is also appropriate. Hot or cold forming or cutting Editing can be done within the skill of the art take place and optionally conventional heat treatments include.

Das Warmumformen des Halbzeugs folgt bei Temperaturen, die im Bereich des üblichen Lösungsglühen liegen (zwischen 440°C und 560°C). Es ist während des Umformens insbesondere während mehrerer Umformschritte darauf zu achten, dass die Temperatur des Werkstücks nicht unter die genannte Temperatur fällt, was grobe Ausscheidungen im Bauteilgefüge zur Folge hätte. Der Umformvorgang ersetzt demnach den Prozessschritt des Lösungsglühens, was sich erheblich auf die Prozesskosten und die Prozessdauer auswirkt.The hot forming of the semifinished product follows at temperatures that are in the range of the usual solution annealing (between 440 ° C and 560 ° C). It is during the reshaping in particular during several forming steps make sure that the Temperature of the workpiece is not below the mentioned Temperature drops, resulting in coarse precipitates in the component structure would result. The forming process replaces the Process step of the solution annealing, which affects considerably the process costs and the duration of the process.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Umformtemperaturen, die gleichzeitig ein Lösungsglühen beinhalten, liegen höher als die üblichen Umformtemperaturen, was eine geringere Verfestigung und somit eine geringere Rekristallisationskeimbildung im Gefüge bewirkt. Somit wird die Rekristallisation nachhaltig unterdrückt. Höhere Festigkeitswerte und vor allem deutliche höhere Bruchdehnung in hochumgeformten Bereiche sind die Folge.The forming temperatures according to the invention, the same time a solution annealing, are higher than the usual Forming temperatures, resulting in less solidification and thus a lower Rekristallisationskeimbildung in Microstructure causes. Thus, the recrystallization becomes sustainable suppressed. Higher strength values and above all significantly higher elongation at break in highly formed areas are the consequence.

Nach dem Umformen wird das Werkstück bevorzugt in Wasser abgeschreckt, wodurch das Gefüge eingefroren wird. Beim anschließenden Warmaushärten zwischen 160°C und 240°C erfolgt die gewünschte Festigkeitssteigerung.After forming, the workpiece is preferably in water quenched, which freezes the structure. At the subsequent hot curing between 160 ° C and 240 ° C the desired strength increase takes place.

Das erfindungsgemäße Aluminiumbauteil hergestellt durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1-8 weist bei einer der Legierungsangaben entsprechenden Zusammensetzung eine Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 400 MPa und eine minimale Bruchdehnung (A5) von 10 % auf. Derartige Bauteile werden bevorzugt als Zugstreben oder andere Fahrwerksteile, Profile, Bolzen, Schrauben oder Räder verwendet.The aluminum component according to the invention produced by a method according to any one of claims 1-8, in one of Alloy information corresponding composition one Tensile strength of at least 400 MPa and a minimum Elongation at break (A5) of 10%. Such components are preferably as tie rods or other chassis parts, Profiles, bolts, screws or wheels used.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung an Hand von zwei Beispielen näher erläutert. Das den Beispielen 1 und 2 zugrundeliegende Verfahrensschema ist in Fig. 1 dargestellt.In the following the invention is based on two examples explained in more detail. That the examples 1 and 2 The underlying process scheme is shown in FIG. 1 shown.

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

Eine Legierungsschmelze mit der Zusammensetzung in Gewicht %:

  • Silizium   1,2,
  • Magnesium   1,0,
  • Mangan   0,5,
  • Kupfer   0,05,
  • Eisen   0,2,
  • Chrom   0,2,
  • Titan   0,05,
  • Zink   0,1,
  • Zirkon   0,2,
wird zu Barren gegossen. Die Barren werden bei einer Temperatur von 480° C für 12 h homogenisiert. Im nächsten Verfahrensschritt werden die Barren bei einer Temperatur von 500° C in Rundstangen (=Halbzeug) gepresst. Die Rundstangen werden abgeschreckt und in etwa 20 cm lange Werkstücke vereinzelt.An alloy melt with the composition in weight%:
  • Silicon 1,2,
  • Magnesium 1.0,
  • Manganese 0.5,
  • Copper 0.05,
  • Iron 0.2,
  • Chrome 0.2,
  • Titanium 0.05,
  • Zinc 0.1,
  • Zircon 0.2,
is poured into ingots. The ingots are homogenized at a temperature of 480 ° C for 12 h. In the next process step, the billets are pressed at a temperature of 500 ° C in round bars (= semi-finished). The round bars are quenched and separated into about 20 cm long workpieces.

Die Werkstücke werden auf eine Temperatur von 530° C erhitzt und in mehreren Schmiedeprozessen (=Umformen) zu Zugstreben umgeformt. Während des Schmiedens fällt die Temperatur des Werkstückes nicht unter 440°C. Die Zugstreben werden in Wasser abgeschreckt und bei 200°C 4 h warmausgelagert. Die Zugstreben weisen sowohl im Bereich einer Mittelstrebe als auch im Bereich eines großen Auges, das auf Grund des hohen Umformgrades üblicherweise einen hohen Grad an Rekristallisation aufweist, eine Zugfestigkeit von mehr als 400 MPa und eine Bruchdehnung (A5) von mehr als 13 % auf.The workpieces are heated to a temperature of 530 ° C heated and in several forging processes (= forming) too Tension struts transformed. During forging, the falls Temperature of the workpiece not lower than 440 ° C. The Tension struts are quenched in water and at 200 ° C for 4 h artificially aged. The tie rods point both in the area a middle brace as well as in the area of a big eye, due to the high degree of deformation usually one having high degree of recrystallization, a Tensile strength of more than 400 MPa and a breaking elongation (A5) of more than 13%.

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Analog Beispiel 1 werden Gussbarren homogenisiert und anschließend bei einer Temperatur von 500°C zu Blechen (=Halbzeug) gewalzt. Aus den Blechen werden runde Werkstücke ausgestanzt und diese in mehreren Schritten kalt zu Rädern umgeformt.As in Example 1, ingots are homogenized and then at a temperature of 500 ° C to sheets (= Semi-finished product) rolled. From the sheets are round Workpieces punched out and these cold in several steps transformed into wheels.

Claims (11)

  1. Process for producing a component or semi-finished product from an aluminium alloy, the alloy containing (in % by weight):
    silicon   0.9 - 1.3
    magnesium   0.7 - 1.2
    copper   less than 0.1
    iron   less than 0.5
    chromium   less than 0.25
    zirconium and/or hafnium   0.05 - 0.2
    manganese   0.5 - 1.0
    remainder Al and standard impurities
    and the total amount of chromium and manganese and zirconium and/or hafnium is at least 0.6% by weight, in which process
    a cast raw material is homogenized at a temperature of between 420°C and 540°C,
    is shaped into semi-finished products at a temperature of between 450°C and 560°C,
    the semi-finished product is then heated to a solution annealing temperature of between 440°C and 560°C,
    is hot-formed one or more times at this temperature,
    the workpiece obtained in this way is quenched in water or in air, and
    is hot age-hardened at a temperature of between 160°C and 240°C.
  2. Process for producing a component or semi-finished product from an aluminium alloy, the alloy containing (in % by weight):
    silicon   0.9 - 1.7
    magnesium   0.7 - 1.2
    copper   less than 0.1
    iron   less than 0.5
    chromium   less than 0.25
    zirconium and/or hafnium   0.05 - 0.2
    manganese   0.5 - 1.0
    remainder Al and standard impurities
    and the total amount of chromium and manganese and zirconium and/or hafnium is at least 0.6% by weight, in which process
    a cast raw material is homogenized at a temperature of between 420°C and 540°C,
    is shaped into semi-finished products at a temperature of between 450°C and 560°C,
    the semi-finished product is then heated to a solution annealing temperature of between 440°C and 560°C,
    is hot-formed one or more times at this temperature,
    the workpiece obtained in this way is quenched in water or in air, and
    is hot age-hardened at a temperature of between 160°C and 240°C.
  3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the alloy additionally includes the following constituents, in % by weight:
    titanium   less than 0.1
    zinc   less than 0.2.
  4. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ratio of silicon to magnesium is between 1.1 to 1 and 1.3 to 1.
  5. Process according to Claim 4, characterized in that the ratio of silicon to magnesium is between 1.16 to 1 and 1.24 to 1.
  6. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that zirconium- and/or hafnium-containing dispersoids are anchored at the grain boundaries of the microstructure.
  7. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cast raw material is homogenized for at least four hours.
  8. Process according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the cast raw material is homogenized for twelve hours.
  9. Component produced by a process according to one of Claims 1 to 8.
  10. Component or semi-finished products as described in one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the component has an elongation at break A5 of more than 10%.
  11. Component or semi-finished product as described in one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the component or semi-finished product is an underbody part, in particular a tension strut or a bolt, a profiled section, a screw or a wheel.
EP02787956A 2001-12-21 2002-12-18 Method of fabrication of an aluminium alloy article by hot- and cold-forming Expired - Lifetime EP1458898B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10163039 2001-12-21
DE10163039A DE10163039C1 (en) 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Hot and cold formable component made of an aluminum alloy and process for its production
PCT/EP2002/014452 WO2003054243A1 (en) 2001-12-21 2002-12-18 Hot- and cold-formed aluminium alloy

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EP1458898A1 EP1458898A1 (en) 2004-09-22
EP1458898B1 true EP1458898B1 (en) 2005-04-27

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US (2) US20050095167A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1458898B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE294252T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002352255A1 (en)
DE (2) DE10163039C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2239261T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2003054243A1 (en)

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DE102007032143A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2009-01-15 Thyssenkrupp Drauz Nothelfer Gmbh Motor vehicle door, has inner panel and reinforcement brackets integrally formed, and frame-shaped component comprising reinforcement regions, where frame shaped component is hot-formed from high-strength steel plate
EP2149618B1 (en) 2008-07-30 2011-10-26 Olab S.r.l. Hot pressing process, particularly for providing metal unions for pneumatic, hydraulic and fluid-operated circuits, and metal union obtained thereby
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DE10163039C1 (en) 2003-07-24
ATE294252T1 (en) 2005-05-15
US20050095167A1 (en) 2005-05-05
WO2003054243A1 (en) 2003-07-03
EP1458898A1 (en) 2004-09-22
DE50202955D1 (en) 2005-06-02
AU2002352255A1 (en) 2003-07-09
US20080078480A1 (en) 2008-04-03
ES2239261T3 (en) 2005-09-16

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