EP1453938A2 - Procede de destruction d'un graphite nucleaire par gazeification en milieu aqueux - Google Patents
Procede de destruction d'un graphite nucleaire par gazeification en milieu aqueuxInfo
- Publication number
- EP1453938A2 EP1453938A2 EP02799804A EP02799804A EP1453938A2 EP 1453938 A2 EP1453938 A2 EP 1453938A2 EP 02799804 A EP02799804 A EP 02799804A EP 02799804 A EP02799804 A EP 02799804A EP 1453938 A2 EP1453938 A2 EP 1453938A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- high voltage
- treatment method
- voltage pulses
- pulses
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonic waves or irradiation, for disintegrating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
- C10J3/18—Continuous processes using electricity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonic waves or irradiation, for disintegrating
- B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/12—Electrodes present in the gasifier
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/33—Laboratory scale gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for destroying a nuclear graphite contaminated with radioelements by gasifying said graphite in an aqueous medium.
- the general field is therefore that of the treatment of nuclear waste, such as graphite from the natural uranium-graphite-gas sector (known as UNGG), recovered during the dismantling of said sector.
- UNGG natural uranium-graphite-gas sector
- the waste is first crushed according to a mechanical grinding process, in a confinement enclosure, so as to obtain a particle size small enough to then be able to constitute a fluidized bed or a suspension in fuel oil and effect the combustion of the particles thus produced.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a method for treating nuclear graphite contaminated with radioelements making it possible to counter the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
- the subject of the invention is a method for treating a nuclear graphite contaminated with radioelements, said method comprising a step consisting in subjecting said graphite, placed in immersion in a medium containing water, to pulses high voltage, said pulses having sufficient energy for electric arcs to be triggered and ensuring rupture of the constituent bonds of water molecules and of carbon-carbon bonds of said graphite, the number of high voltage pulses being determined so as to obtain a transformation in the form of gas of said graphite.
- the term "high voltage pulses” means electrical pulses which can convey a voltage of the order of one to several kilovolts, so as to obtain an electric arc in the medium containing water. Thereafter, we will reason in terms of electrical energy, the latter being at the origin of the creation of arcs electric responsible for their interaction with the aqueous medium and the carbonaceous material conducting the gasification of said material.
- E represents the electrical energy, conveyed by a high voltage pulse or more precisely the energy of the electric arcs.
- -C- represents a carbon atom taken in a carbon-carbon bond.
- this process allows destruction of nuclear graphite, the radioelements remaining trapped in the medium containing water.
- this method advantageously makes it possible to obtain the production of gas, said gases being able to be recovered and reused for various applications.
- a person skilled in the art can choose the conditions for applying the high voltage pulses (energy, frequency, duration and number of pulses sent) according to the nature of the graphite to be process, it being understood that the greater the energy of the pulses, the lower the number of pulses to be applied, in order to obtain said gasification.
- the energy of the high voltage pulses can be from 100 J to 100 kJ.
- Such an energy value of the pulses makes it possible, with each pulse, to generate, in an advantageous manner, the rupture of a large number of water molecules and of carbon-carbon bonds constituting the graphite to be treated.
- the high voltage pulses can have a duration ranging from around 200 ns to 100 ⁇ s with preferably a duration of 1 ⁇ s.
- the high voltage pulses can have a frequency ranging from 1 to 1000 Hz, preferably 10 Hz.
- the medium containing water can advantageously, according to the invention, contain at least one radical stabilization catalyst , allowing the stabilization of the aforementioned formed radicals.
- the nuclear graphite treatment process can advantageously include a step for removing said produced gases with a view to the use of the gases produced.
- This step has the advantage of avoiding any overpressure phenomenon inherent in the production of gas in a closed medium and of routing the gases produced either to a storage location or to a processing location.
- the gas evacuation step is carried out by continuous scanning of the surface of the medium containing water with an inert gas, preferably with nitrogen.
- the nuclear graphite treatment method according to the invention preferably comprises, after gasification of the graphite, a step of treatment of the medium containing water.
- This treatment may correspond to the conventional treatment of liquid effluents, aiming to recover and reconcentrate, for example, the heavy metals initially contained in the graphite to be treated and released into the aqueous medium after gasification of the graphite.
- This treatment can also be intended to sanitize the medium containing water, in which the gasification of graphite has taken place, of radioelements released by graphite.
- radioactive cesium in ionic form in water
- Cobalt in the form of oxides
- Tritium fixes on water instead of hydrogen by isotopic exchange and can then be concentrated for deactivation.
- a CO elimination system it is possible to provide, before evacuation of the gases formed in the atmosphere, a CO elimination system.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a particular device making it possible to implement the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents curves illustrating the rate% of gas produced as a function of the number of high voltage pulses n, these curves coming from an experiment using the device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 illustrates another particular type of device making it possible to implement the invention.
- the method according to the invention consists in treating nuclear graphite contaminated with radioelements, by sending on said graphite high voltage pulses in an aqueous medium.
- FIG. 1 illustrates such a device for processing such a type of graphite.
- This device comprises a sealed and non-metallic reactor 1, for example, made of polyethylene.
- the bottom of the reactor is a conductive plate, constituting the earth electrode 2, connected to a high voltage generator 3, of the Marx generator type, said generator supplying a high voltage electrode 4, the distance of which can be adjusted. with respect to the earth electrode 2, in order to be able to adjust the potential difference applied between these two electrodes.
- a block of nuclear graphite 5 is placed, said block being completely immersed in water 6. This device makes it possible to emit high voltage pulses in the direction of the block.
- the pulses thus emitted of given energy cause the appearance of an electric arc between the electrodes which, on its passage, dissociates water into free radicals and breaks carbon-carbon bonds in contact with graphite, to form carbon radicals .
- the chemical reaction between carbon atoms in the form of radicals and the radicals resulting from the decomposition of water lead to the formation of CO, C0 2 and H 2 .
- the gases 7 produced are conveyed, via a pump 8 to a gas detector 9 comprising means for detecting carbon monoxide 10, carbon dioxide 11, oxygen 12 and methane 13. A once passed through detector 9, the gases produced are routed again to reactor 1.
- a gasometer system 14 is provided to measure the production of gas and to avoid any overpressure.
- a system not shown in said figure, intended to ensure the regeneration of the aqueous medium, in order to maintain the qualities of said medium necessary for the formation of electric arcs, can be envisaged.
- FIG. 2 reports the% carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide levels recorded as a function of the number of pulses applied n. It can be seen that the CO rate, represented on the CO curve, and the C0 2 rate, represented on the C0 2 curve, increase with the number of pulses until reaching a plateau form, from 220 shots , according to the conditions for carrying out this example.
- Figure 3 illustrates a device for implementing the invention with, in this case, continuous scanning with an inert gas.
- This figure offers a device similar to the previous one, except that the reactor 1 is supplied with a continuous and constant flow of inert gas, such as N 2 , by means of a bottle 18 provided with a pressure gauge.
- the gases produced are always conveyed to a detection device 9 provided with means for detecting carbon monoxide 10, carbon dioxide 11, oxygen 12 and methane 13 by means of a pump 8, the whole being connected.
- a data processing system 20 which will make it possible, in particular, to produce curves, highlighting the rate of gas produced at a given instant, since the gases no longer stagnate in the reactor.
- a flow meter 19 measures the flow of total gases, which are released. This latter device is easier to manage because it avoids the accumulation of gases and the possibility of the existence of explosive mixtures.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0115974A FR2833269B1 (fr) | 2001-12-11 | 2001-12-11 | Procede de gazeification d'une matiere carbonee conductrice par application d'impulsions haute tension a ladite matiere en milieu aqueux |
| FR0115974 | 2001-12-11 | ||
| PCT/FR2002/004253 WO2003050208A2 (fr) | 2001-12-11 | 2002-12-10 | Procede de destruction d'un graphite nucleaire par gazeification en milieu aqueux |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1453938A2 true EP1453938A2 (fr) | 2004-09-08 |
| EP1453938B1 EP1453938B1 (fr) | 2005-05-25 |
Family
ID=8870322
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02799804A Expired - Lifetime EP1453938B1 (fr) | 2001-12-11 | 2002-12-10 | Procede de destruction d'un graphite nucleaire par gazeification en milieu aqueux |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7465377B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1453938B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4272527B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE296339T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60204351T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2242095T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2833269B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2003050208A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2833192B1 (fr) | 2001-12-11 | 2004-08-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de broyage d'une matiere carbonee conductrice par application d'impulsions haute-tension en milieu liquide |
| KR100724710B1 (ko) * | 2002-11-21 | 2007-06-04 | 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 | 방사화 부품의 화학적 오염제거 시스템 및 방법 |
| FR2874023B1 (fr) * | 2004-08-04 | 2007-06-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de fabrication d'un gaz combustible par action d'un plasma immerge sur de la matiere organique en milieu aqueux |
| US8740873B2 (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2014-06-03 | Hologic, Inc. | Soft body catheter with low friction lumen |
| RU2422207C2 (ru) | 2007-03-16 | 2011-06-27 | Зельфраг Аг | Устройство для электродинамической фрагментации образцов |
| FR2934079A1 (fr) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-01-22 | Arbresle Ingenierie | Procede d'elimination des dechets radioactifs solides a faible ou moyenne activite et vie longue par injection a grande profondeur apres transformation en emulsion aqueuse. |
| FR2942149B1 (fr) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-07-06 | Camille Cie D Assistance Miniere Et Ind | Procede et systeme de valorisation de materiaux et/ou produits par puissance pulsee |
| WO2013120919A1 (fr) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-22 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Procédé de décontamination pour un matériau contaminé radioactivement |
| FI126167B (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2016-07-29 | Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy | Method for treatment of waste material and use of gaseous material |
| US9170193B2 (en) | 2013-06-06 | 2015-10-27 | General Electric Company | Detecting coolant leaks in turbine generators |
| US9097657B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 | 2015-08-04 | General Electric Company | Leak detection of stator liquid cooling system |
| JP6947126B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-12 | 2021-10-13 | 株式会社Sumco | シリコンロッドの破砕方法及び装置並びにシリコン塊の製造方法 |
| CN110215985B (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-06-01 | 东北大学 | 一种用于矿石粉碎预处理的高压电脉冲装置 |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE659375A (fr) * | 1964-02-06 | |||
| US3458417A (en) * | 1966-01-24 | 1969-07-29 | Gen Electric | Preparation of carbon particles electrohydraulically |
| US3529776A (en) * | 1968-04-15 | 1970-09-22 | Gepipari Fovallalkozo Kisipari | Method and apparatus for comminuting metals in an electric arc |
| US3770212A (en) * | 1971-04-08 | 1973-11-06 | V Ivashkin | Method of comminuting materials preferably conducting materials, and an apparatus for accomplishing the same |
| US4279710A (en) * | 1977-10-11 | 1981-07-21 | University Patents, Inc. | Method of gasifying carbonaceous materials |
| FR2542004B1 (fr) * | 1983-03-02 | 1985-06-21 | British Petroleum Co | Procede de conversion assistee a l'electricite de produits carbones lourds |
| DD247858A1 (de) | 1986-04-14 | 1987-07-22 | Akad Wissenschaften Ddr | Plasmaerosives dispergieren leitfaehiger materialien bei erhaltung des kristallgefueges |
| US5792325A (en) * | 1990-11-15 | 1998-08-11 | Richardson, Jr.; William H. | Electric arc material processing system |
| US5159900A (en) * | 1991-05-09 | 1992-11-03 | Dammann Wilbur A | Method and means of generating gas from water for use as a fuel |
| FR2691524B1 (fr) | 1992-05-20 | 1997-12-12 | Servithen Sarl | Procede et installation pour la destruction sans contamination de l'environnement de pieces de graphite eventuellement radioactives. |
| GB9217414D0 (en) * | 1992-08-15 | 1992-09-30 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Removal of metal from graphite |
| DE19534232C2 (de) | 1995-09-15 | 1998-01-29 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Verfahren zur Zerkleinerung und Zertrümmerung von aus nichtmetallischen oder teilweise metallischen Bestandteilen konglomerierten Festkörpern und zur Zerkleinerung homogener nichtmetallischer Festkörper |
| JPH11202093A (ja) * | 1998-01-12 | 1999-07-30 | Toshiba Corp | 黒鉛固体廃棄物の処理方法、放射性化物質回収方法並びに黒鉛固体廃棄物の処理装置 |
| US6200430B1 (en) * | 1998-01-16 | 2001-03-13 | Edgar J. Robert | Electric arc gasifier method and equipment |
| FR2833192B1 (fr) * | 2001-12-11 | 2004-08-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de broyage d'une matiere carbonee conductrice par application d'impulsions haute-tension en milieu liquide |
| US6972118B2 (en) * | 2001-12-14 | 2005-12-06 | Hadronic Press, Inc. | Apparatus and method for processing hydrogen, oxygen and other gases |
-
2001
- 2001-12-11 FR FR0115974A patent/FR2833269B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-12-10 JP JP2003551230A patent/JP4272527B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-10 DE DE60204351T patent/DE60204351T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-10 AT AT02799804T patent/ATE296339T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-10 US US10/498,700 patent/US7465377B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-10 EP EP02799804A patent/EP1453938B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-10 ES ES02799804T patent/ES2242095T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-10 WO PCT/FR2002/004253 patent/WO2003050208A2/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03050208A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE296339T1 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
| ES2242095T3 (es) | 2005-11-01 |
| FR2833269A1 (fr) | 2003-06-13 |
| US20050124842A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
| EP1453938B1 (fr) | 2005-05-25 |
| FR2833269B1 (fr) | 2004-10-15 |
| US7465377B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
| JP2005512073A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
| JP4272527B2 (ja) | 2009-06-03 |
| WO2003050208A3 (fr) | 2004-02-12 |
| DE60204351T2 (de) | 2006-01-26 |
| DE60204351D1 (de) | 2005-06-30 |
| WO2003050208A2 (fr) | 2003-06-19 |
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