EP1448880A1 - Systeme de turbine a gaz destine a un fluide de travail se presentant sous la forme d'un melange dioxyde de carbone/eau - Google Patents

Systeme de turbine a gaz destine a un fluide de travail se presentant sous la forme d'un melange dioxyde de carbone/eau

Info

Publication number
EP1448880A1
EP1448880A1 EP02760509A EP02760509A EP1448880A1 EP 1448880 A1 EP1448880 A1 EP 1448880A1 EP 02760509 A EP02760509 A EP 02760509A EP 02760509 A EP02760509 A EP 02760509A EP 1448880 A1 EP1448880 A1 EP 1448880A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
compressor
gas turbine
working medium
carbon dioxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02760509A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Ulrich Frutschi
Timothy Griffin
Roland Span
Dieter Winkler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1448880A1 publication Critical patent/EP1448880A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/10—Closed cycles
    • F02C1/105—Closed cycles construction; details

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of gas turbine technology. It relates to a gas turbine plant for a working medium in the form of a carbon dioxide / water mixture according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Gas turbine systems are known from the prior art, which work in a circuit with a working medium in the form of a carbon dioxide / water mixture and are characterized in that they combust the combustion of hydrocarbon-containing fuels without releasing carbon dioxide to the Allow atmosphere.
  • a gas turbine plant is described, for example, in US-A-5,247,791.
  • a comparable gas turbine system 16 is shown with a largely closed C0 2 gas turbine cycle in a block diagram.
  • the gas turbine system 16 comprises a compressor 1 and a turbine 3, which are connected to a generator 15 via a common shaft.
  • the gas turbine system 16 further comprises a combustion chamber 2, a cooler and / or waste heat processor 4, a water separator 5 and a removal point 6 for CO 2 removal.
  • a fuel 7 in the form of a hydrocarbon for example a natural gas with the main component methane, is subjected to an internal combustion in an atmosphere prepared from oxygen 8, carbon dioxide and possibly water.
  • the water as shown in FIG. 1, can be condensed out in the water separator 5.
  • the excess carbon dioxide can be separated off largely purely.
  • the carbon dioxide can then be deposited in a suitable manner so that practically no carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.
  • none or only part of the water can be condensed out in the water separator 5, so that a carbon dioxide / water mixture is removed at the extraction point 6.
  • the oxygen 8 required for the combustion of the fuel 7 is generated in an air separation plant 9 from intake air 10.
  • Residual gases 11 in the form of nitrogen (N 2 ) and argon (Ar), which are produced as waste products, can either be released into the atmosphere or used for other purposes.
  • the steam 17 generated in the cooler / waste heat processor 4 can either be used in an independent process, for example in a downstream steam turbine are, or injected into the combustion chamber 2 as injection steam 12 in order to increase the mass flow in the turbine 3 and thus increase the efficiency and efficiency of the process.
  • a partial stream 13 of the steam can be used for effective cooling of thermally loaded components in the turbine 3.
  • compressors 1 and turbine 3 are specially designed and designed for the requirements of the respective working medium, there is no doubt about the technical feasibility of such a process. However, for economic reasons it will be necessary to operate corresponding gas turbine systems 16 at least temporarily with compressors 1 and turbines 3, which have been modified as little as possible on the basis of existing machines designed for operation with ambient air.
  • the essence of the invention is a compressor and / or the turbine (3) to be used with a rotor and a housing which largely correspond to a rotor and a housing of a compressor designed for the working medium air or a turbine designed for the working medium air.
  • the adaptation to the expansion behavior of the working medium, which is different from air, is then brought about essentially by modifications of the flow channels and / or the moving blades and / or the guide grids. This makes it possible to build on existing compressors or turbines, which are then adapted to the new working medium with comparatively minor changes.
  • the necessary modification is brought about in that the free flow cross sections on the high pressure side of the compressor and / or turbine are reduced in the form of blocked sectors by blocking part of the flow channels in the guide vane.
  • the necessary modification is effected in that the free flow cross sections on the high pressure side of the compressor and / or turbine are reduced by inserting annular flow obstacles in the guide vents.
  • the necessary modification is effected in that the free flow cross sections on the high pressure side of the compressor and / or turbine are reduced by adjustable guide grids.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system diagram of an exemplary gas turbine system working with a carbon dioxide / water mixture as the working medium
  • Fig. 2 shows the speed of sound in carbon dioxide / water mixtures
  • Fig. 3 shows the deviation of the volume flow in% during the expansion of
  • Fig. 5 shows the inner structure of a schematic representation
  • FIG. 6 seen in several partial figures in the axial direction, an exemplary guide grille without modification (FIG. 6a), with a partial partial application according to an embodiment of the invention (FIG. 6b), with a partial partial application according to another embodiment of the invention (FIG. 6c ) and with adjustable guide vanes according to a further embodiment of the invention
  • the compressor 1 and the turbine 3 of the gas turbine system from FIG. 1 have the internal structure shown in simplified form in FIG. 5, the high-pressure side (for the compressor 1 the outlet side, for the turbine 3 the inlet side) being on the left side of the illustration.
  • the compressor 1 or the turbine 3 has a rotor 18 which can be rotated about an axis 23 and has a multi-stage blading which consists of individual sets of rotor blades 21.
  • the rotor 18 with the blading is surrounded by a housing 19.
  • Fixed guide vanes 20 with corresponding guide vanes are arranged between the sets of rotor blades 21.
  • Flow channels 22 run between the guide vanes of the guide grids 20 in the space between the rotor 18 and the housing 19 (see also FIG. 6a).
  • rotor 18 and housing 19 of a compressor 1 designed for the working medium air and / or a turbine 3 designed for the working medium air are now retained.
  • carbon dioxide / water different from air essential modifications of the flow channels 22 and / or the blades 21 and / or the guide vane 20 made.
  • a first possibility for modification consists in reducing the free flow cross sections on the high pressure side of compressor 1 and / or turbine 3 in that part of the flow channels 22 in the associated guide vane 20 are closed by blocked sectors 24 arranged around the circumference ( 6b; sectoral partial loading).
  • a second possibility of the modification is that the free flow cross sections on the high pressure side of the compressor 1 and / or turbine 3 are reduced by inserting annular flow obstacles 25 in the guide vents 20 (FIG. 6 c; partial radial loading).
  • a third possibility of the modification is that the free flow cross sections on the high pressure side of compressor 1 and / or turbine 3 are reduced by adjustable guide grids 20 with adjustable guide vanes 26 (FIG. 6d; in the figure, for the sake of simplicity, only one exemplary adjustable guide vane is shown 26, whose adjustability is indicated by the dashed lines).
  • FIG. 4 shows percentage deviations between axial speeds that occur in a turbine optimized for air and axial speeds in turbines modified according to the invention operated with different carbon dioxide / water mixtures.
  • the extensive adjustment of the axial speeds is gradual reduction of the available flow cross-sections in the individual stages of the turbine.
  • Table 1 summarizes the cross-sectional ratios chosen for the different compositions.
  • guide vanes 26 of the guide vane 20 are provided in the compressor 1 and / or turbine 3 in order to compensate for variations in the thermodynamic properties of the working medium caused by the inert gases.
  • the heat sink 4 is designed to generate steam and if a partial stream 13 of the steam generated is fed to the turbine 3 for cooling thermally loaded components.
  • This heat sink 4 can also be designed to generate a quantity of steam for operating a steam turbine, not shown in the drawing. The required partial stream 13 can then be branched off from this amount of steam.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de turbine à gaz (16) composé d'un compresseur (1), d'une chambre de combustion (2), d'une turbine (3) et d'au moins une source froide (4), ledit système de turbine étant entraîné par un mélange dioxyde de carbone/eau. Dans la chambre de combustion (2), un hydrocarbure réagit en tant que combustible (7) avec de l'oxygène (8), et le dioxyde de carbone excédentaire ainsi produit et de l'eau (14) sont prélevés dans le circuit. Le compresseur (1) et la turbine (3) comportent respectivement un rotor présentant des augets, et un boîtier présentant des canaux d'écoulement et des grilles de guidage. Selon l'invention, le compresseur (1) et/ou la turbine (3) sont adaptés aux propriétés d'expansion du fluide de travail, différentes de celles de l'air, par modification des canaux d'écoulement, des augets et/ou des grilles de guidage.
EP02760509A 2001-09-24 2002-09-23 Systeme de turbine a gaz destine a un fluide de travail se presentant sous la forme d'un melange dioxyde de carbone/eau Withdrawn EP1448880A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH176501 2001-09-24
CH17652001 2001-09-24
PCT/IB2002/003912 WO2003027461A1 (fr) 2001-09-24 2002-09-23 Systeme de turbine a gaz destine a un fluide de travail se presentant sous la forme d'un melange dioxyde de carbone/eau

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1448880A1 true EP1448880A1 (fr) 2004-08-25

Family

ID=4566177

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02760509A Withdrawn EP1448880A1 (fr) 2001-09-24 2002-09-23 Systeme de turbine a gaz destine a un fluide de travail se presentant sous la forme d'un melange dioxyde de carbone/eau

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US20040200205A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1448880A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003027461A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
US20040200205A1 (en) 2004-10-14
US20080066443A1 (en) 2008-03-20
WO2003027461A1 (fr) 2003-04-03

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