EP1447914A1 - Détection de voies de transmissions de données - Google Patents

Détection de voies de transmissions de données Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1447914A1
EP1447914A1 EP03002483A EP03002483A EP1447914A1 EP 1447914 A1 EP1447914 A1 EP 1447914A1 EP 03002483 A EP03002483 A EP 03002483A EP 03002483 A EP03002483 A EP 03002483A EP 1447914 A1 EP1447914 A1 EP 1447914A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data transmission
transmission path
peak
delay profile
threshold value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03002483A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1447914B1 (fr
Inventor
Manfred Zimmermann
Jean-Xavier Canonici
Mauro Bottero
Attila Bilgic
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Intel Deutschland GmbH
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Infineon Technologies AG
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Priority to EP03002483A priority Critical patent/EP1447914B1/fr
Priority to US10/774,046 priority patent/US7313171B2/en
Publication of EP1447914A1 publication Critical patent/EP1447914A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1447914B1 publication Critical patent/EP1447914B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B1/711—Interference-related aspects the interference being multi-path interference
    • H04B1/7115—Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
    • H04B1/7117—Selection, re-selection, allocation or re-allocation of paths to fingers, e.g. timing offset control of allocated fingers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0212—Channel estimation of impulse response
    • H04L25/0218—Channel estimation of impulse response with detection of nulls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for data transmission path detection and a method of finger placement in a rake receiver, and particularly affects a device for receiving a via at least one Data transmission path of transferable data stream, wherein data transmission paths depending on a finger placement signal can be set.
  • CDMA data transmission systems for example for use in a 3GPP-WCDMA-FDD device, usually have a so-called “Rake” receiver on which of different "Fingers” is made up, with each finger following a delayed path (Data transmission path) received signal is assigned.
  • the number of active fingers and the delay in each "Fingers" in a rake receiver are based on a Data transmission path search unit assigned.
  • the operating parameters the data transmission path search unit are by assigned a "finger" management unit.
  • the data transmission path search unit now serves a Arrival time of the data stream signals from the different Determine data transmission paths.
  • UMTS 3GPP standard
  • a data frame points for example, a period of 10 milliseconds (ms) and contains 15 data slots.
  • Each data slot has 2560 Chips on, which means the chip frequency in this Example is 3.84 MHz.
  • ISI inter-symbol interference
  • a rake receiver which is a data stream receiver, which is so receives as many multipath data stream signals as possible.
  • the Rake receivers combine the signals from all of these Paths to a data stream signal that is as "interference-free” as possible generate that is stronger than the individual components. Individual paths are cross-correlated to a reference pattern found with the received signal.
  • PDP Power Delay Profile
  • An estimate of the energy delay profiles different data transmission paths e.g. carried out by a mobile UMTS receiver, by the amplitude or an energy and the delayed Timing of data transmission paths related to data streams determine a receiver timing reference.
  • CPICH Common Pilot Channel
  • the correlation length N corr is an even multiple of a pilot sequence symbol length, ie an even multiple of a CPICH symbol length of 256 chips.
  • Increasing the correlation length N corr desirably increases the signal-to-noise ratio in an energy delay profile estimate, on the other hand, this energy delay profile estimate then becomes more sensitive to a sampling clock error. For this reason, an energy delay profile estimate must be averaged over time.
  • the functionality of the rake receiver is very much based on a correct placement of a particular one Number of rake fingers on multiple data transmission paths, to be able to combine their energy and increase diversity to achieve.
  • PDP Power Delay Profile
  • a disadvantage is the setting of a threshold extremely critical regarding the detection of wrong data transmission paths. Especially in environments with one low signal-to-noise ratio or high noise, this is due in particular to fading effects a moving, mobile data stream receiver the amplitude distributions of Noise and amplitude distributions of data transmission paths overlap such that an exact setting of a Threshold is no longer possible.
  • the PDP determination device is conventional for example designed as a correlation filter which has the further disadvantage that secondary maxima are generated, which invalid data transmission paths, i.e. Shadow data transmission paths to pretend.
  • threshold is set too low, a Power delay profile determination by noise strong disturbed, and not all peak values, which with a Correlation of received signal and pilot sequence signal linked are real, i.e. valid data transmission paths.
  • the peak values of the useful signal are disadvantageous and subjected to statistical processes of the noise signal, so that a relationship between data transmission paths and Noise peak values in an energy delay profile determination is a statistical process from an existing one Noise scenario depends.
  • An essential idea of the invention is one Data transmission path detection based on a three-stage Perform threshold setting procedure, wherein a peak value detector and a data transmission path profile determination device interact in such a way that peak values depending on one to the noise environment adaptable threshold are determined and in a further stage by means of a filtering device secondary maxima caused by the correlation filter are suppressed to avoid shadow data transmission paths.
  • the advantage of the invention is therefore that different Signal-to-noise scenarios may exist to which the device according to the invention adapt can.
  • threshold values which is a peak value detection, a data transmission path profile determination and allow shadow path filtering.
  • the threshold values are adaptable if information about the environmental scenarios is available.
  • the device according to the invention can advantageously be in one CDMA modem can be implemented.
  • the peak value detection device has a comparison unit on using the energy delay profile to compare a first threshold.
  • an energy delay profile determination unit to determine at least one energy delay profile of the at least one data transmission path provided.
  • the peak detector a threshold setting unit, with which the first threshold value can be adjusted adaptively.
  • the invention has the data transmission path profile determination device a data transmission path profile unit for the summation of weighted peak values and a Data transmission path detection unit for detecting a valid data transmission path.
  • the energy delay profile determination unit together with a peak sorting unit in a jointly adapted hardware block provided.
  • the invention is a reception signal strength determination unit to determine the received signal strength of the received signal is provided in an adapted hardware block.
  • a “transmission path” is used here as a “shadow transmission path” denotes which is invalid, i.e. which one Data transmission of the data stream to be transmitted does not contribute.
  • a shadow transmission path can, for example, by Secondary maxima of a correlation filter, which is in an energy delay profile determination unit is included, faked become.
  • a first threshold is set variably.
  • the first threshold depending on one Noise environment set is provided.
  • the first threshold value in Dependence on an average, a variance and / or a standard deviation from noise peaks becomes.
  • the first threshold to a Noise environment adapted in such a way that advantageously a pre-selection of possible data transmission path positions provided.
  • the present invention advantageously allows that the energy delay profile estimate and the peak value acquisition by the peak detector in a time interval that corresponds to a data frame or a Corresponds to multiples of data frames, executed periodically become.
  • the present Invention will be a predeterminable number of previous ones Periods of the data transmission path profile determination device stored, the captured Peak values preferably in the manner of a current one Histogram are summed up. It is still advisable that the data transmission path profile determination device saves the predeterminable number of previous periods and the recorded peak values before adding them up weighted a received signal strength.
  • the data transmission path profile determination device predefined a second threshold value, with which the summed up like a running histogram Peak values are compared.
  • the first, second and / or third Thresholds updated periodically.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a data transmission system, at which different data transmission paths 101, namely direct data transmission paths 101a and indirect data transmission paths 101b, 101c for a transmission of a data stream 102 contribute.
  • Data transmission path 101a There is a direct data transmission path 101a and Data transmission paths, which are based on reflections on buildings, Surveys and other facilities etc. are running, such as the data transmission paths 101b and 101c.
  • Data stream transmitter 200 typically has one or two transmitters (antennas) 201 and 202 on while a data stream receiver 100 a receiving device 109auf utilizat.
  • the runtimes are on the data transmission paths transmitting the data stream 102 101a-101c different.
  • the delay time is typically 30 ⁇ s, which is one Distance difference of 9 km corresponds.
  • This "worst-case” delay time is through test cases in the 3GPP standard specified.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the structure of a pilot channel with a predefined pilot sequence.
  • a data stream is constructed from individual data frames 203a ... 203i ... 203N.
  • Each data frame is divided into individual slots 204a ... 204i ... 204n.
  • n 15 slots. Be in every slot 10 symbols transmitted, which in Fig. 2 denoted by A and -A are. That for a first antenna 1 or a first Transmitter 201 indicated under reference number 205 first symbols or those for a second antenna 2 or one second transmission device 202 indicated under reference number 206 second symbols for a specific slot a pilot sequence signal with a predeterminable pilot sequence.
  • a symbol is made up of 256 chips, one chip representing a smallest digital unit.
  • a time slot T slot consists of 2560 chips, with 20 bits being provided for each slot 204a-204n if 2 bits per symbol are provided - for real and imaginary parts, ie (1 + j).
  • a correlation length N corr is advantageously set to a multiple of the symbol length (x1, x2, x4 ).
  • L denotes thus a maximum shift in the formation of the correlation functions, i.e. n runs from 0, 1, 2 ... L-1. If L set equal to 240, there is also one for the "worst case" sufficient delay time of 31.25 ⁇ s.
  • the received complex signal (received signal) is designated in each case by r (n), while p (i) denotes the complex pilot signal, where r (n) and p (i) are each designated by double chip rate are sampled.
  • n 0, 1, 2 ... L-1.
  • the energy delay profile PDP thus results from the sum of the squares of the amounts according to equation (3) and is referred to as PDP (n).
  • the energy delay profile determination must now be averaged over several blocks of a correlation length N corr .
  • N avg denotes a number of blocks over which the averaging takes place, the size N avg being able to vary depending on the network conditions.
  • the correlation length N corr and the number of averages N avg can now be changed without having to change or adapt hardware configurations .
  • Fig. 3 shows a rake receiver acting as a data stream receiver for receiving a via at least one data transmission path transferable data stream 102 is used.
  • PDP Power Delay Profile
  • the rake receiver has a data transmission path detection unit 304, an adjuster 305 and a processing device 308.
  • the essential components of processing device 308 comprise a summation unit 310, which have different rake fingers 309a-309n added up to data transmission paths 101, 101a-101c Determine which is suitable for transmitting the data stream 102 are.
  • the rake receiver receives those transmitted via the data stream 102 Data as receive signal 301.
  • the received signal is then correlated in the energy delay profile determination unit, as already described, with a pilot sequence signal, the correlation function for determining an energy delay profile as a function of (k), ie the variable pdp est (k), having the following form:
  • the received signal 301 is denoted by r (n) and the pilot sequence signal by p (k), the two signals representing complex quantities and being specified in accordance with the following equations (5) and (6):
  • r (n) r s (n) + jr Q (N)
  • p (n) p s (n) + jp Q (N)
  • N corr denotes a (partial) correlation length and N avg a number of averages over (partial) correlations.
  • Both signals, the receive signal and the pilot sequence signal, are sampled at twice the chip rate. That according to Equation (4) above determined energy retardation profile pdp (k) eventually becomes the energy delay profile determination unit 303 and the data transmission path detection unit 304 fed.
  • a first threshold value 103a (below 4 explained below) in the energy delay profile determination unit 303 low, so that a pre-selection of data transmission paths has occurred, but a high rate of invalid data transmission paths is obtained.
  • the peak values 401a-401n (FIG. 4) of a received signal energy 107 are added up, values which belong to the same delay time (k) being added.
  • a number N occ can be specified which indicates how often a peak value 401a-401n must have been above the adjustable first threshold value 103a in order for the position of this peak value to be recognized as a data transmission path.
  • a corresponding data path location signal 306 then becomes the data transmission path detection unit 304 output and fed to the setting device 305.
  • the Adjustment device 305 selects those positions the energy delay profile, which can be used with the fingers of the Rake receiver should be received.
  • a rake finger thus corresponds to a propagation path.
  • the Rake fingers are in the summation unit 310 of the Processing device 308 according to one of the setting device 305 output finger position signal 307 summed up and output as an output signal 311.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram with different peak values 401a-401n, which correspond to data transmission paths 101a-101n, and noise peaks 402a-402n. Furthermore, the diagram on the right in FIG. 4 shows a function a probability distribution 111 over an energy 108, two maxima being set by way of example. The maximum at low energy 108 corresponds to a noise signal 104, while the maximum at high signal energy the data transmission paths 101 corresponds. The distance between the two Maxima may be referred to as a signal-to-noise ratio 105 become.
  • the first threshold value 103a will be explained set low so that numerous noise peaks 402a-402n are also recorded.
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram for carrying out a method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • a Data analysis data processing in a data transmission path profile determination device 502 and a filtering device 503 executed.
  • the peak detector 501 is turned on by the Energy delay profile 300 specific energy delay profile signal fed. This signal is in a comparison unit the peak value detector 501 compared to the set first threshold value 103a.
  • This first threshold 103a is compared to method chosen low according to the prior art, whereby a The probability of detection of invalid paths increases, but also a probability of detection for valid paths overall increases.
  • the value from the peak detector 501 and the data transmission path profile determination device 502 is fed thus only preselects possible data transmission path positions In this first step, a Energy delay profile determination (or an energy delay profile estimate) and periodic peak detection carried out, typically with a time interval of the frame or multiple frames, i.e. at a distance of 10 ms, each 20 ms, ... etc.
  • the signal output by the peak value detection device 501 is further processed in the data transmission path profile determination device 502.
  • the detected peak values 401a-401n, as well as the detected noise peak values 402a-402n for the last M periods are added up for the same delays (k) according to the method of a running histogram.
  • the containers of this running "histogram" correspond to all possible delay positions k (0 ... L-1). All positions that do not occur at least N occ times within this observation window of a length M are set to 0 in order to suppress high noise peaks or unstable data transmission paths.
  • this data transmission path profile histogram only has to be calculated for the delay positions where a path has occurred within the last M-PDP determination periods.
  • This histogram is then displayed with a second threshold 103b compared. All positions, that exceed this second threshold 103b processed further and from the data transmission path profile determination device 502 issued.
  • the second threshold value 103b is derived from an estimate of the noise environment. Since peak noise values are statistically independent events, these usually occur at different positions in successive PDP determination steps.
  • the output signal of the data transmission path profile determination device finally becomes the filtering device 503 fed, which is another improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the filtering device 503 there is a third threshold value 103c provided, which serves secondary maxima a correlation filter device which is in the energy delay profile determination unit 303 is used, too suppress.
  • the filtering device 503 is special required in scenarios in which a high signal-to-noise ratio is maintained, then the amplitudes the correlation sidelobes in the same area or higher than the noise peaks.
  • These secondary maxima are brought about by a non-optimal orthogonality of scan code sequences of length N corr and typically have the same position in successive PDP determination steps, these being spaced apart by exactly one frame or a multiple of frames.
  • the secondary maxima can lead to the detection of so-called (invalid) shadow data transmission paths 101s, which cannot be suppressed by the first two stages 501 or 502.
  • the parameter ⁇ 103c depends on the settings of the PDP determination device N corr and N avg and can be derived in advance and stored in a table.
  • a filter placement device 503 outputs a finger placement signal 504, which outputs the detected data transmission paths (described by a position and in which energy is accumulated over M periods).
  • the recorded data transmission paths are fed to the processing device 308 described in FIG. 3 as a finger position signal 307, so that corresponding settings of the rake fingers and their summation can be made.
  • the threshold values 103a, 103b and 103c are automatically set and adapted to the corresponding noise environment.
  • the setting of the first and second threshold values 103a and 103b can be derived on the basis of an estimate of an average value ⁇ pdp and a variance ⁇ 2 pdp or a standard deviation ⁇ pdp of the noise samples pdp est .
  • the mean value ⁇ pdp , the variance ⁇ 2 pdp and the standard deviation ⁇ pdp are acquired from a received signal strength , which, as will be explained with reference to FIG. 6, is output from a received signal strength determination unit 606.
  • this size of the received signal strength is referred to as RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator).
  • S 103a a 1 , ⁇ pdp + b 1 ⁇ pdp respectively.
  • S 103a a 1 ⁇ pdp + b 2 ⁇ 2 pdp
  • the threshold values must be updated periodically.
  • the false detection rate P 502 can be precisely controlled by the first threshold value 103a according to equation (11).
  • reference numeral 601 denotes a processor device which a multi-purpose processor in Software.
  • This general purpose processor can, for example in a digital signal processor or a microcontroller be implemented.
  • a reference symbol 602 denotes an adapted hardware block, that for the corresponding embodiment is to be interpreted specifically.
  • the customized hardware block 602 and the processor device 601 are via a processor bus 603 connected.
  • the adapted hardware block 602a an energy delay profile determination unit 303, a peak detector 501 and a received signal strength determination unit 606 on. Furthermore, the customized Hardware block 602a a threshold determination unit 605 include, which, however, also as a software module on the processor can be provided.
  • the receive signal 301 becomes both the energy delay profile determination unit 303 and the reception signal strength determination unit 606 fed.
  • the received signal strength determination unit 606 becomes one RSSI signal derived to it the peak value determination unit 605 feed.
  • the first threshold 103a in the threshold determination unit 605 determined and the peak detector fed.
  • the first threshold must be used for a hardware calculation of the first threshold value 103a also of the processor device 601 can be supplied because a calculation of the second threshold 103b on the first threshold 103a is based, cf. Equation (17) above.
  • the processor device 601a has a data transmission path profile unit 502a, a data transmission path detection unit 502b and a filtering device 503. How 5 described above with reference to FIG this way with the help of the second and third Thresholds 103b and 103c a finger placement signal 504 generated and to a subsequent processing device 308 issued.
  • An advantage of that described with reference to FIG. 6 Embodiment is that an implementation the first stage, i.e. the peak detector 501 in the adapted hardware block 602a the amount of data, via the processor bus from the adapted hardware block 602a to transfer to processor device 601a are significantly reduced.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a processor device 601b is with an adapted hardware block 602b via a processor bus 603 connected.
  • the customized hardware block 602b of the Embodiment of FIG. 7 has in addition to the energy delay profile determination unit a peak sorting unit on, the receive signal 301 each first, the energy delay profile determination unit 303 is fed.
  • the output signal of the energy delay profile determination unit 303 becomes the peak sorting unit 701, in which a sorting of the peak values 401a-401n with respect to a received signal energy 107 becomes.
  • a Peak value acquisition in one in the processor device 601b provided peak detector 501 carried out.
  • the first threshold 103a must be in the in Fig. 7 embodiment shown now in contrast to that The embodiment shown in Fig. 6 is not provided in advance but is set by a threshold value setting unit 702 set. Because of a set Number of recorded peak values, which in their Size sorted by the peak value sorting unit 701, it is guaranteed that the peak values 401a-401n always with of the largest received signal energy 107 are processed.
  • the one provided by the threshold setting unit the data transmission path detection unit also becomes the first threshold value 103a 502b, in which the second Threshold 103b depending on the first threshold 103a is set.
  • the remaining blocks of the processor device 601b correspond in function to those in Fig. 6 blocks and are no longer described here.
  • Fig. 8 shows a third preferred embodiment of the present invention. 8 are in an adapted Hardware block 602c other than the energy delay profile determination unit 303 contain no further function blocks. All other functions are in the processor device 601c performed the correct finger placement signal 504 to provide.
  • the invention is also not limited to the application possibilities mentioned limited.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP03002483A 2003-02-05 2003-02-05 Détection de voies de transmissions de données Expired - Fee Related EP1447914B1 (fr)

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EP03002483A EP1447914B1 (fr) 2003-02-05 2003-02-05 Détection de voies de transmissions de données
US10/774,046 US7313171B2 (en) 2003-02-05 2004-02-05 Apparatus for data transmission path detection

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US8340160B2 (en) * 2008-02-28 2012-12-25 Nokia Corporation Dynamic combining threshold for a rake receiver
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DE102005002801B4 (de) * 2005-01-20 2007-06-14 Infineon Technologies Ag Verfahren zur Rake-Finger-Platzierung mit zuverlässiger Pfad-Detektion

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EP1447914B1 (fr) 2012-07-04
US20040179584A1 (en) 2004-09-16

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