EP1446610A1 - Procede de combustion destine notamment a un procede de production de courant electronique et/ou de chaleur - Google Patents
Procede de combustion destine notamment a un procede de production de courant electronique et/ou de chaleurInfo
- Publication number
- EP1446610A1 EP1446610A1 EP02765278A EP02765278A EP1446610A1 EP 1446610 A1 EP1446610 A1 EP 1446610A1 EP 02765278 A EP02765278 A EP 02765278A EP 02765278 A EP02765278 A EP 02765278A EP 1446610 A1 EP1446610 A1 EP 1446610A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- oxygen
- mixture
- burner
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
- F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/40—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/13002—Catalytic combustion followed by a homogeneous combustion phase or stabilizing a homogeneous combustion phase
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/99001—Cold flame combustion or flameless oxidation processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07001—Injecting synthetic air, i.e. a combustion supporting mixture made of pure oxygen and an inert gas, e.g. nitrogen or recycled fumes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Definitions
- Combustion process in particular for processes for generating electrical current and / or heat
- the invention relates to a combustion method, in particular for a method for generating electrical power and / or heat, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention also relates to a combustion method working with flameless combustion with the features of the preamble of claim 2.
- Des the invention further relates to a plant, in particular a gas turbine plant, for carrying out such combustion processes, and to a special use of a combustion process which works with flameless combustion.
- WO 98/55208 discloses a combustion process for a process for generating electrical current and / or heat, in which a gas mixture of oxygen, fuel and essentially nitrogen-free inert gas is formed and burned in a burner.
- the inert gas is formed by the combustion exhaust gases of the burner, and this inherently nitrogen-free exhaust gas can contain negligible parasitic nitrogen components via the burned fuel.
- the oxygen for the gas mixture is provided with the aid of an oxygen transport membrane, which is preferably heated and compressed air is applied to a barrier side. On its barrier side, this membrane extracts oxygen from the air there, transports it to a passage side of the membrane and releases it there. With the help of a purge gas, the oxygen can be removed on the passage side.
- the combustion exhaust gas from the burner which can be additionally heated by combustion with fuel, is expediently used as the purge gas. Certain embodiments of such membranes are known as MCM (mixed conducting membrane).
- the volume of the gas mixture of oxygen diluted with flushing gas and added fuel can be composed as follows: 2.5% CH, 5% O 2 , 27.5% CO 2, 65% H 2 O.
- the temperature of this gas mixture is usually between 600 and 900 ° C. Under these conditions, existing lean premix burners and catalytic burners have a reactivity that is lower than that of conventional fuel / air mixtures at the same temperatures.
- EP 0 463 218 A1 discloses a method for burning fuel in a combustion chamber, in which fuel is oxidized with preferably preheated combustion air in the presence of recirculated combustion exhaust gases. When air is burned, thermal NO x is always formed, the NO x formation increasing sharply with increasing flame temperature. To reduce the NO x emissions, the known method proposes to oxidize the fuel with extremely high combustion exhaust gas recirculation essentially without flames and without pulsations.
- combustion exhaust gases from which useful heat previously removed from the system was previously extracted, are mixed with the preheated combustion air in a combustion exhaust gas recirculation ratio greater than or equal to 2, the exhaust gas recirculation ratio being the ratio of the mass flows of the recirculated combustion exhaust gas and of the supplied combustion air is defined, this exhaust gas-air mixture being maintained at a temperature which is higher than the ignition temperature, and the exhaust gas / air mixture is then brought together with the fuel to form an oxidation zone, in which essentially one flameless and pulsation-free oxidation takes place in the combustion chamber.
- the NO x emissions during the combustion of air can be estimated to be reduced by a factor of 10.
- the present invention is concerned with the problem of demonstrating satisfactorily functional possibilities for the combustion of weakly reactive and nitrogen-free gas mixtures.
- the invention is based on the general idea of using the flameless combustion known for reducing the NO x emissions for the combustion of a nitrogen-free gas mixture. It is easy to see that the application of a method known for reducing the NO x emissions, which works with flameless combustion, in a nitrogen-free and thus without NO x emissions combustion method is obviously motivation-free, since the nitrogen-free combustion method with regard to its NO x emission values cannot be improved.
- the invention now makes use of the knowledge that a combustion process using flameless combustion is particularly suitable for the combustion of weakly reactive gas mixtures.
- the performance of the nitrogen-free combustion process can be significantly improved if a weakly reactive gas mixture is to be burned, in particular if the oxygen in the gas mixture to be burned is added using an oxygen transport membrane a larger amount of purge gas is obtained.
- the invention achieves a synergy effect which was not to be expected in this way, since the known combustion process which works with flameless combustion expressly serves to reduce the NO x emissions, but which it does not do at all with a nitrogen-free combustion process from which the invention is based gives.
- the present invention uses the flameless combustion method of combustion to another Purpose. This is because the use of flameless combustion enables reliable and stable combustion of a weakly reactive gas mixture in a nitrogen-free combustion process.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 ' are greatly simplified schematic diagram of a burner for a device according to FIGS. 1 and
- Fig. 3 is a view as in Fig. 2, but in another embodiment.
- a device or system 1 has a mixture formation device 2 and a burner 3.
- the mixture formation device 2 comprises an oxygen separation device 4, which is equipped with an oxygen transport membrane 5.
- the membrane 5 has a blocking side 6 at the top and a passage side 7 according to FIG. 1 at the bottom the barrier side 6, the membrane 5 is supplied with an oxygen-containing gas Ai, for example air.
- Oxygen (O 2 ) is then transported on the membrane 5 in accordance with an arrow 8, which is removed from the barrier side 6 of the membrane 5 and transported on its passage side 7.
- the oxygen content of the gas Ai supplied on the blocking side 6 is accordingly reduced; Accordingly, the gas located in the oxygen separation device 4 is marked with A in FIG. 1.
- Gas A 2 which has a reduced oxygen content, then emerges from the oxygen separation device 4.
- the membrane 5 In order to increase the performance of the membrane 5, its passage side 7 is charged with an inert purge gas GER, which transports the oxygen out of the oxygen separation device 4.
- the purge gas GER is formed by externally recirculated exhaust gas, which is taken from an exhaust line 9 after the burner 3.
- the oxygen separation device 4 can also be designed as a heat exchanger. In this way, the temperature of the supplied oxygen-containing gas Ai can be increased to improve the performance of the oxygen separation device 4.
- the oxygen-enriched, externally recirculated exhaust gas is fed to the burner 3 via a line 10.
- a pump 11 or turbine or blower or the like can be used in line 10 to drive this gas mixture of oxygen and externally recirculated exhaust gas. be arranged.
- a fuel injection device 12 is provided, which can form part of both the mixture formation device 2 and the burner 3.
- a fuel line 13 supplies fuel F to the burner 3.
- the burner 3 is equipped with an external exhaust gas recirculation 14, which takes a part of the combustion exhaust gases downstream of the burner 3 via a return line 15 branching off from the exhaust line 9 and ultimately admixes it again in front of the burner 3.
- the serve externally recirculated exhaust gases GER for flushing the membrane 5.
- the burner 3 here is equipped with an internal exhaust gas recirculation 16, in which a part of the exhaust gases remains in a combustion chamber of the burner 3, which is not shown in FIG. 1.
- the combustion process which can be carried out with the system 1 works without nitrogen, so that the combustion exhaust gases generated by the burner 3 contain no or only parasitic NO x components which originate from the fuel.
- the exhaust gas Gs essentially contains only CO 2 and vaporous water (H 2 O).
- the burner 3 is designed to carry out flameless combustion.
- the mixture formation device 2 is designed such that it only brings together the oxidizer O x together with the externally recirculated exhaust gases GER and the fuel F in the burner 3 in order to produce the gas mixture to be burned.
- a corresponding interaction of the mixture-forming device 2 and the burner 3 ensures that the finished gas mixture, which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is only formed by mixing the internally recirculated exhaust gas quantity GIR, has a temperature which is above the self-ignition temperature of this gas mixture. Under these conditions, the desired flameless combustion can be implemented in burner 3.
- Such flameless combustion can also proceed with sufficient stability if the gas mixture to be burned has a very low oxygen content, that is to say a very weak reactivity. This is particularly the case if a relatively large amount of purge gas is used to remove the oxygen, that is to say a relatively high external exhaust gas recirculation rate, in order to increase the performance of the oxygen separation device 4. It is entirely possible that the external exhaust gas recirculation rate is selected to be so large that internal exhaust gas recirculation can be dispensed with more or less or that the internal exhaust gas recirculation can be kept very low.
- the burner 3 can have a pre-combustion chamber 18 and a main combustion chamber 20 arranged downstream of the flow direction of the burner 3 symbolized by an arrow 19.
- the burner 3 is expediently rotationally symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry 21.
- the fuel injection device 12 is configured such that first injection nozzles 22 in the pre-combustion chamber 18 enable fuel to be pre-injected. Furthermore, second injection nozzles 23 are provided, which allow a main injection of fuel in the main combustion chamber 20. In the pre-combustion chamber 18, a mixing device 24, a catalyst device 25 and a swirling device 26 are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction 19.
- the burner 3 according to FIG. 2 works as follows:
- the pre-combustion chamber 18 is supplied with oxygen O x , which can be diluted more or less with externally recirculated exhaust gas GER, so that an oxygen-exhaust gas mixture O x + G E R is then supplied.
- O x oxygen-exhaust gas mixture
- G E R externally recirculated exhaust gas
- a relatively small amount of fuel is injected via the first injection nozzles 22.
- the individual components are mixed thoroughly in the mixing device 24.
- a catalytically initiated takes place in the catalyst device 25, which contains a corresponding catalyst or stabilized combustion of the fuel F, whereby only a part of the amount of oxygen supplied is consumed.
- the temperature increase of the gas mixture supplied to the main combustion chamber 20 can be achieved by the catalytic combustion. Due to the catalytic combustion in the pre-combustion chamber 18, the exhaust gas quantity and thus the exhaust gas concentration can be increased quasi internally, which makes it possible to reduce the externally recirculated exhaust gas quantity GER ZU. Since a high external exhaust gas recirculation rate leads to high pressure losses, which have to be compensated for by corresponding pump power, the overall efficiency of the turbine process can be improved by the internal catalytic exhaust gas generation proposed here.
- a desired flow or swirl behavior can be forced onto the gas flow.
- Further fuel F is then added in the main combustion chamber 20 via the second injection nozzles 23, the desired gas mixture then forming, the temperature of which is above the self-ignition temperature of this gas mixture.
- this mixture formation may require an internal exhaust gas recirculation, which can be generated here by means of suitable, aerodynamically operating exhaust gas guiding devices.
- such an exhaust gas guiding device is formed by a cross-sectional widening 27 at the transition from the pre-combustion chamber 18 into the main combustion chamber 20, which initiates an annular vortex roller symbolized by an arrow 28.
- the exhaust gas guiding device thus formed causes a backflow of part of the exhaust gases against the flow direction 19 of the burner 3 through the vortex 28, so that this portion of the exhaust gases remains in the main combustion chamber 20.
- the annular swirl roller shown in the vicinity of the axis of symmetry 21 and designated by 29 can be, for example, by the swirling device 26, in particular in connection with the cross-sectional expansion 27. This swirl roller 29 also supports the internal exhaust gas recirculation.
- This recirculation due to the vortices 28 and 29 also supports the mixing of the internally recirculated exhaust gases with the gas mixture introduced into the main combustion chamber 20, as a result of which, for example, heating of the combustible mixture and stabilization of the reactions can also be achieved. Accordingly, the catalyst device 25, which leads to an increase in temperature in the mixture, is not absolutely necessary, but can e.g. in the partial load range.
- the fuel injection device 12 can have a lance 30 which extends coaxially with the axis of symmetry 21.
- This lance 30 has first injection nozzles 31 assigned to the pre-combustion chamber 18 and second injection nozzles 32 assigned to the main combustion chamber 20. With the aid of such a lance 30, a particularly homogeneous distribution of the injected fuel quantity can be achieved in the main combustion chamber 20, whereby the formation of flameless combustion is facilitated.
- injection nozzles 22, 23, 31 and 32 are preferably distributed in a rotationally symmetrical manner with respect to the axis of symmetry 21, it being possible for more than the two exemplified nozzles to be provided for each type of nozzle.
- the flameless combustion in the main combustion chamber 20 results in a combustion which is homogeneously distributed over the entire main combustion chamber 20 and which runs freely.
- the flameless combustion thus produces a homogeneous temperature distribution over the entire main combustion chamber 20, which considerably simplifies the integration of the burner 3 into a heat exchanger and / or into an oxygen separation device 4 and a direct attachment of the burner 3 to a heat exchanger and / or an oxygen separation device 4 ,
- a mixture of fuel and inert gas e.g. externally recirculated exhaust gas can be used.
- Essentially pure oxygen can, for example, be produced cryogenically.
- the mixture formation device 2 introduces substantially pure oxygen into the main combustion chamber 20, this takes place in order to achieve the desired gas mixture at a point in the vicinity of which the fuel injection also takes place.
- An internal exhaust gas recirculation with a relatively high recirculation rate then serves to form the desired gas mixture.
- the catalyst device 25 can be omitted in such an embodiment. It is also possible to introduce oxygen both into the pre-combustion chamber 18 and into the main combustion chamber 20, whereby on the one hand catalytic preheating of the supplied gas mixture can be achieved and on the other hand a more stable flameless combustion can be achieved. The latter embodiment is particularly advantageous when the burner 3 is under partial load.
- exhaust gases Gs generated by the burner 3 for example. can be used in a gas turbine plant for generating electrical current.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention présente un procédé destiné notamment à un procédé de production de courant électrique et/ou de chaleur. Ce procédé consiste à former un mélange gazeux à partir d'oxygène, d'un combustible et d'un gaz inerte sensiblement exempt d'azote et à soumettre ce mélange à une combustion dans un brûleur (3). Pour pouvoir garantir une combustion stable même pour une fraction relativement élevée de gaz inerte, la combustion est conçue comme combustion sans flamme.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH180801 | 2001-10-01 | ||
CH01808/01A CH695793A5 (de) | 2001-10-01 | 2001-10-01 | Verbrennungsverfahren, insbesondere für Verfahren zur Erzeugung von elektrischem Strom und/oder von Wärme. |
PCT/IB2002/004014 WO2003029725A1 (fr) | 2001-10-01 | 2002-09-30 | Procede de combustion destine notamment a un procede de production de courant electronique et/ou de chaleur |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1446610A1 true EP1446610A1 (fr) | 2004-08-18 |
Family
ID=4566353
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02765278A Withdrawn EP1446610A1 (fr) | 2001-10-01 | 2002-09-30 | Procede de combustion destine notamment a un procede de production de courant electronique et/ou de chaleur |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040209129A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1446610A1 (fr) |
CH (1) | CH695793A5 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO20041350L (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003029725A1 (fr) |
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NL1023570C2 (nl) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-01 | Nederlandse Gasunie Nv | Homogene oxidatie. |
US7007487B2 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2006-03-07 | Mes International, Inc. | Recuperated gas turbine engine system and method employing catalytic combustion |
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CN114110658A (zh) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-01 | 上海交通大学 | 氢燃料分级无焰燃烧方法及燃烧装置 |
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US6282901B1 (en) * | 2000-07-19 | 2001-09-04 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Integrated air separation process |
EP1197258B1 (fr) * | 2000-10-13 | 2010-12-22 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Procédé pour le fonctionnement d'un systeme de production d'energie |
EP1197256A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-17 | ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd | Procédé et dispositif pour la production de gaz de combustion chaud |
DE10110783A1 (de) * | 2001-03-06 | 2002-10-02 | Innovationen Zur Verbrennungst | Heizungsanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Heizungsanlage |
US6532745B1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-03-18 | David L. Neary | Partially-open gas turbine cycle providing high thermal efficiencies and ultra-low emissions |
-
2001
- 2001-10-01 CH CH01808/01A patent/CH695793A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-09-30 EP EP02765278A patent/EP1446610A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-09-30 WO PCT/IB2002/004014 patent/WO2003029725A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2004
- 2004-03-31 NO NO20041350A patent/NO20041350L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-04-01 US US10/814,167 patent/US20040209129A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO03029725A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003029725A1 (fr) | 2003-04-10 |
NO20041350D0 (no) | 2004-03-31 |
NO20041350L (no) | 2004-06-17 |
US20040209129A1 (en) | 2004-10-21 |
CH695793A5 (de) | 2006-08-31 |
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