EP1444017B1 - Schaumfeuerlöschanlage - Google Patents

Schaumfeuerlöschanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1444017B1
EP1444017B1 EP02729747A EP02729747A EP1444017B1 EP 1444017 B1 EP1444017 B1 EP 1444017B1 EP 02729747 A EP02729747 A EP 02729747A EP 02729747 A EP02729747 A EP 02729747A EP 1444017 B1 EP1444017 B1 EP 1444017B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
installation according
sector
liquid supply
detectors
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02729747A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1444017A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Ciocca
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP1444017A1 publication Critical patent/EP1444017A1/de
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0036—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using foam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
    • A62C3/0292—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires by spraying extinguishants directly into the fire
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
    • A62C35/64—Pipe-line systems pressurised
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
    • A62C35/64—Pipe-line systems pressurised
    • A62C35/645—Pipe-line systems pressurised with compressed gas in pipework
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
    • A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fire protection installations. It concerns, in particular, a detection and extinction system well adapted to the fight against fires in large confined spaces, such as tunnels, car parks or warehouses.
  • a fire-fighting facility in a large space must also be capable of responding, in a targeted manner, to several fires separated from each other, which is frequent during a fire or when, in a tunnel, a first fire causes chain collisions and new fires, see DE 199 30 481 A . It is therefore vital that the installation intervenes at this location and is not prematurely out of extinction means because it has exhausted too quickly its resources on the first fire.
  • the present invention aims to provide a detection and extinguishing system that meets the requirements set out above and, among other solutions, attacks the fire with foam.
  • each assembly further comprises means which also respond to said pressure drop by stopping the supply of compressed air to the sector detectors in order to maintain the detectors of the other sectors under pressure.
  • each assembly further comprises a plurality of thermovelokinetic detectors distributed in the sector and means responding to these detectors so that the control means take effect only in the event of a sudden rise in temperature. .
  • each sector has a length of about 15 to 20 meters.
  • FIG. 1 very schematically shows, seen from the ground, a portion of the roof of a road tunnel equipped, every three meters or so, with a thermal fire detector 10 formed of a glass bulb filled with a a liquid with a high coefficient of expansion, such as an alcohol, breaking when the ambient temperature reaches a temperature exceeding the average tunnel temperature by about 20 ° C.
  • a thermal fire detector 10 formed of a glass bulb filled with a a liquid with a high coefficient of expansion, such as an alcohol, breaking when the ambient temperature reaches a temperature exceeding the average tunnel temperature by about 20 ° C.
  • This sensitive element well known to those skilled in the art, can be of the type marketed under the designation "rapid response sprinkler".
  • Each detector 10 is disposed at the end of a duct 12 supplied with compressed air. As long as the temperature is normal, it closes this end but, when an abnormal rise in temperature occurs, it explodes and thus opens the conduit 12 to the open air.
  • the ducts 12 of five adjacent thermal detectors 10 are connected, on the one hand, to the output S of a supply controller 14 and, on the other hand, to the control input Ec d an extinction controller 16.
  • each group of five detectors 10 thus covers, independently, a tunnel sector approximately fifteen meters long.
  • the input E of the controller 14 is connected to a single pipe 18 running through the tunnel and supplied with compressed air by a compressor (not shown).
  • This controller has the function, as long as the detectors 10 of the sector are unscathed, to maintain the pressure in the tubes 12 but, as soon as one of them explodes, due to abnormal rise in temperature, and thus causes a brutal depression, to cut the power supply of the group of the five detectors concerned to ensure the maintenance under pressure of the groups of detectors of the other sectors.
  • the output S of the controller 16 is connected, by a conduit 24, to sets of foam extinguishing nozzles 26 arranged, every three meters or so, between two detectors 10, under the arch of the tunnel.
  • each set comprises three nozzles 26 distributed over the width of the tunnel, which will be described later in detail.
  • the extinction controller 16 has the function of responding to a sudden drop in the pressure on its input Ec, caused by the explosion of a detector of the sector overheated by a fire, by sending, on its output S, to nozzles 26 of the group concerned of a mixture of water, supplied at its inlet E1, and of emulsifier, supplied at its inlet E2, enabling them to produce an extinction foam projected on the fire.
  • valve 38 can also be actuated manually by means of an M command.
  • the ducts 12 are connected to the input Ec of the extinction controller 16 via a safety valve 44 controlled by thermovelokinetic detectors 46, two in number in the example represented in each sector of the tunnel vault. These detectors have the property of reacting to a rapid rise in temperature, typically greater than 10 ° C. per minute and are, for example, the C-1 Thermostatic Release model from the firm VIKING (USA).
  • valve 38 of the extinction controller 16 will react to a pressure drop resulting from the explosion of a thermal detector 10 only if the safety valve 44 has been opened under the action of one of the detectors 46.
  • the extinguishing nozzles 26 of the sector concerned will come into action only in case of sudden rise in temperature, as is the case during the fire of a vehicle.
  • the only rupture of one of the detectors 10, which may have another cause than a rise in temperature, for example a projection of parts, does not cause the nozzles to engage.
  • This nozzle comprises, as essential elements, a brewing chamber or mixing 50 and a grill 52.
  • the chamber 50 advantageously made of copper, comprises an outer frame 54 and a nozzle 56, screwed inside the frame.
  • the frame 54 which has a roughly cylindrical outer shape, defines a gap 58 open downwards, whose horizontal upper wall carries the reference 60 and the vertical wall the reference 62.
  • the frame 54 is associated with a tubular piece 64 provided with a thread 66 for its connection to a feed pipe of a mixture of water and emulsifier.
  • Exhibit 64 has an upper channel 68 opening axially in the center of the wall 60 and a lower channel 70 opening tangentially into the wall 62 provided at this point with a horizontal groove with a semicircular section 72 extending substantially over an angle of less than 360 °, typically about 240 °.
  • the nozzle 56 takes place in the space 58 within which it is screwed through the thread 74 which it is provided at its base. When it is completely screwed, it abuts against the wall 60 of the frame by its end which is pierced in its central portion with a network of radial slots 76 also extending substantially at an angle of 240.degree. ° and facing the groove 72 of the frame 54.
  • the nozzle 56 comprises a horizontal groove with a semi-circular section 78 which faces the groove 72 to form a channel 80 communicating at its end with another channel 82 arranged radially in the nozzle and opening into a groove.
  • central opening 84 extended downwards by a diffusion cone 86 open on the outside.
  • the grid 52 is disposed facing the cone 86, perpendicularly and coaxially with the brewing chamber 50.
  • This grid is advantageously made of 0.3 to 0.5 mm diameter steel wires forming mesh from 1 to 1.5 mm on each side. It has an outer truncated cone profile and comprises a central portion 88 slightly convex upwards, a peripheral portion 90 inclining upwards and a connecting portion 92.
  • the base of the portion 90 is fixed in a metal ring 94 that two arms 96 connect to a ring 98 surrounding the frame 54 of the brewing chamber 50.
  • the upper channel 68 brings a portion to the center of the bottom 60 of the frame. It is projected axially against the upper face of the nozzle 56, the network of radial slots 76 constituting baffles causes the stirring, then it descends into the channel 80 formed by the grooves facing 72 and 78. At the same time, the other part of the pressurized mixture is brought tangentially, through the lower channel 70, to the inlet of the horizontal channel 80 where the two parts of the mixture, strongly brewed, meet.
  • the mixture of water and emulsifier joins the center of the nozzle by the radial channel 82 from which it is sprayed outwards, with a rotational movement, through aperture 84 and diffusion cone 86.
  • the horizontal liquid supply channel opens downstream of the baffles. It will be noted that, according to an alternative embodiment, this channel may also open upstream of the baffles.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Brandmelde- und Löschanlage in einem geschlossenen Raum mit einer Vielzahl von einzelnen Anordnungen, die jeweils dem Schutz eines Bereiches des Raumes dienen und die für jeden Bereich aufweisen:
    - eine Vielzahl von im Bereich verteilten Thermomeldern (10), die jeweils das Ende eines mit Druckluft beaufschlagten Leitungsrohres (12) verschließen und auf einen ungewöhnlichen Anstieg der Umgebungstemperatur ansprechen, indem sie das Leitungsrohr entlüften,
    - eine Vielzahl von am oberen Teil des Bereiches verteilten Schaumlöschdüsen (26), und
    - Steuermittel (16), die auf einen Druckabfall infolge der Entlüftung mindestens eines der Leitungsrohre (12) ansprechen, indem sie alle Düsen (26) des Bereiches mit einem Gemisch aus unter Druck stehendem Wasser und Schaummittel beschicken, damit die Düsen den Löschschaum in den Bereich sprühen können.
  2. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Anordnung ferner Mittel (14) aufweist, die auf einen Druckabfall ansprechen, indem sie die Druckluftzufuhr zu den Meldern (10) des Bereiches unterbrechen, damit die Melder der anderen Bereiche unter Druck bleiben.
  3. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Anordnung außerdem eine Vielzahl von im Bereich verteilten Thermodifferentialmeldern (46) und Mittel (44) aufweist, die auf die Melder so ansprechen, dass sich die Steuermittel (16) nur bei plötzlichem Temperaturanstieg einschalten.
  4. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einem Tunnel jeder Bereich ungefähr 15 bis 20 Meter lang ist.
  5. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Schaumlöschdüse (26) aufweist:
    - Mittel zum Erzeugen eines Sprühstrahls aus einem Wasser/Schaummittel-Gemisch, und
    - Mittel zum Auffangen des Strahls, dem auf seinem Weg die angesaugte Luft zugemischt wurde, Zerteilen der Flüssigkeitstropfen in feine Partikel und Erzeugen eines Schaumstrahls.
  6. Anlage nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel der Düse (26) zum Erzeugen eines Sprühstrahls eine im Wesentlichen zylinderförmige Mischkammer (50) umfassen mit folgenden Bestandteilen von oben nach unten:
    - einem axial verlaufenden Flüssigkeitszuführkanal (68),
    - einem waagerechten und kreisförmigen Flüssigkeitszuführkanal (70), und
    - einem axial verlaufenden Abstrahlkanal (84), der mit den zwei Zuführkanälen kommuniziert.
  7. Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstrahlkanal (84) in einem Zerstäubungskegel (86) endet.
  8. Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der waagerechte Flüssigkeitszuführkanal (70) in einem Winkel von weniger als 360° erstreckt.
  9. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 6 - 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischkammer (50) außerdem eine mit Schikanen (76) bildenden Öffnungen versehene Wand aufweist, an die der axial verlaufende Flüssigkeitszuführkanal (68) mündet.
  10. Anlage nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der waagerechte Flüssigkeitszuführkanal (70) nach der Schikanen (76) bildenden Wand mündet.
  11. Anlage nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischkammer (50) aus zwei Teilen besteht,
    - einem äußeren Teil (54), der in seiner oberen Wand den axial verlaufenden Flüssigkeitszuführkanal (68) und in seiner senkrechten Wand eine waagerechte Nut von halbkreisförmigem Querschnitt (72) aufweist,
    - einem inneren Teil (56), der an seinem oberen Teil die Schikanen (76) bildende Wand und in seiner senkrechten Wand eine waagerechte Nut von halbkreisförmigem Querschnitt (78) aufweist, die mit der Nut des äußeren Teils den waagerechten Flüssigkeitszuführkanal (70) bildet.
  12. Anlage nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ende des waagerechten Flüssigkeitszuführkanals (70) über einen radial verlaufenden, im unteren Teil der Kammer angeordneten Kanal (82) mit dem Abstrahlkanal (84) kommuniziert.
  13. Anlage nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der waagerechte Flüssigkeitszuführkanal (70) vor der Schikanen (76) bildenden Wand mündet.
  14. Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mischkammer (50) aus Kupfer ist.
  15. Anlage nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Auffangen des zerstäubten Sprühstrahls ein kegelstumpfförmiges Gitter (52) aufweisen.
  16. Anlage nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mittlere Abschnitt (88) des Gitters (52) nach oben gewölbt ist.
EP02729747A 2001-11-13 2002-06-05 Schaumfeuerlöschanlage Expired - Lifetime EP1444017B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02729747A EP1444017B1 (de) 2001-11-13 2002-06-05 Schaumfeuerlöschanlage

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01811087 2001-11-13
EP01811087A EP1310273A1 (de) 2001-11-13 2001-11-13 Schaumfeuerlöschanlage
PCT/CH2002/000294 WO2003041806A1 (fr) 2001-11-13 2002-06-05 Installation d'extinction d'incendie a mousse
EP02729747A EP1444017B1 (de) 2001-11-13 2002-06-05 Schaumfeuerlöschanlage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1444017A1 EP1444017A1 (de) 2004-08-11
EP1444017B1 true EP1444017B1 (de) 2007-08-15

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ID=8184237

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01811087A Withdrawn EP1310273A1 (de) 2001-11-13 2001-11-13 Schaumfeuerlöschanlage
EP02729747A Expired - Lifetime EP1444017B1 (de) 2001-11-13 2002-06-05 Schaumfeuerlöschanlage

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01811087A Withdrawn EP1310273A1 (de) 2001-11-13 2001-11-13 Schaumfeuerlöschanlage

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1310273A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE369897T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60221881T2 (de)
DK (1) DK1444017T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2292756T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2003041806A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1552860B1 (de) 2003-12-17 2009-11-18 Claude Ciocca Schaum-Feuerlöschsystem
CN104971454B (zh) * 2015-06-09 2018-05-15 公安部天津消防研究所 隧道专用压缩空气泡沫自动灭火系统

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3756320A (en) * 1972-07-20 1973-09-04 Us Navy Fire detection and suppression system for use in a decompression chamber
JPH114905A (ja) * 1997-04-23 1999-01-12 Bunka Shutter Co Ltd ウォーターミストを利用した消火、消煙装置及び方法
US5915479A (en) * 1997-06-12 1999-06-29 The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Velo sprinkler arrangement for protecting special occupancy hazards
DE19930481A1 (de) * 1999-07-01 2001-01-04 Preussag Ag Minimax Feuerlöschanlage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1310273A1 (de) 2003-05-14
DE60221881T2 (de) 2008-05-08
ES2292756T3 (es) 2008-03-16
EP1444017A1 (de) 2004-08-11
DK1444017T3 (da) 2007-12-27
ATE369897T1 (de) 2007-09-15
DE60221881D1 (de) 2007-09-27
WO2003041806A1 (fr) 2003-05-22

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