EP1441080B1 - Set of hollow building blocks - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a set of hollow building blocks, intended to be placed on top of each other and to be filled with concrete, to form a building wall.

It also relates to a hollow building block intended to be filled with concrete.

In terms of the trade, such blocks are generally referred to as "bending blocks" and are intended to be positioned one over the other with a shift in the longitudinal direction, the latter being of the order of one-third to one-half. block. They are arranged dry, which means that one abstains from spreading cement between two neighboring blocks to constitute their plans of joints. On the other hand, pouring concrete into the hollow spaces of these blocks makes it possible to ensure the cohesion and strength of the wall.

The present applicant has proposed in the FR-A-2,786,214 a set of building blocks whose length can be adjusted at will, without cutting, to achieve a "scaling" according to the situations that arise to the mason.

• des blocs principaux de forme parallélépipédique comprenant deux parois longitudinales et verticales reliées par au moins une cloison transversale, et dont au moins une paroi d'extrémité transversal est ouverte ;
• des blocs secondaires ou "blocs tiroirs", aptes à être engagés par coulissement dans les blocs principaux par leur paroi d'extrémité ouverte, ces blocs présentant un corps dont les faces opposées s'étendent parallèlement aux parois longitudinales des blocs principaux, et un talon d'extrémité transversal, de sorte que lorsque les blocs secondaires sont complètement engagés dans les blocs principaux le talon transversal obture leur paroi d'extrémité ouverte, tandis que lorsqu'ils y sont partiellement engagés, les faces opposées des blocs secondaires prolongent les parois longitudinales des blocs principaux sans solution de continuité dans les sens longitudinal.

This set of blocks includes:

• parallelepiped-shaped main blocks comprising two longitudinal and vertical walls connected by at least one transverse partition, and of which at least one transverse end wall is open;
• secondary blocks or "drawer blocks", able to be engaged by sliding in the main blocks by their open end wall, these blocks having a body whose opposite faces extend parallel to the longitudinal walls of the main blocks, and a heel transverse end, so that when the secondary blocks are fully engaged in the main blocks the transverse heel closes their open end wall, while when they are partially engaged, the opposite faces of the secondary blocks extend the longitudinal walls main blocks without continuity solution in the longitudinal direction.

The longitudinal walls of the main blocks, in the zone of engagement of the secondary blocks, have a mutual spacing greater than the remainder of the blocks, so that when several main blocks are superimposed with offset in the longitudinal direction, the secondary blocks can be supported on said longitudinal walls of the main blocks of the underlying wall, in their reduced mutual spacing zone.

Thus, by sliding a drawer block relative to a main block, the length of the assembly is varied.

The transverse offset that exists between the vertical faces of the body of the drawer unit and the vertical longitudinal walls of the main block can be easily filled with cement, so that the external appearance of the wall thus erected is quite similar to that of a wall erected using conventional blocks.

To the figure 1 annexed is shown, seen from above, a main block according to this state of the art, while at the figure 2 are represented, also seen from above, two main blocks, one of which is split, the second cooperating with a drawer block.

These blocks conform to FR-A-2,786,214 supra.

For the record, the block of figure 1 is a prefabricated concrete element that, like the common blocks, has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.

Throughout the present application, the terms "vertical / vertical", "horizontal / horizontal" extend with reference to a support of the block on a flat and horizontal support.

It is composed of two longitudinal and vertical walls 2 whose external vertical faces are referenced 20, while the opposite internal faces are referenced 21 and 22. In fact, in the central part of the block, the walls 2 have a greater thickness, which corresponds to the zone delimited by the reference 21. Zones 21 to zones 22 are passed through a right-angle step.

The walls 2 are connected to each other by transverse and vertical partitions 3 which extend at the recesses of the zones 21 and 22. There is therefore in this building block two parallel partitions. They act as stiffening struts and delimit a central opening 10 which opens as well to the top as to the bottom of the block.

The partitions 3 are largely notched upwards, which allows a good flow of concrete which is caused to be poured into the blocks, and this as well between the partitions and from one block to another.

Transversally, their upper edge comprises two grooves 30 separated by an appendage 31, the grooves being intended to receive longitudinally horizontal reinforcing iron.

The two opposite end walls 23 of the block 1 are open, so that we can qualify the four wall portions 2 which extend from the transverse partitions 3, parallel wings L.

One and / or the other of these open walls are intended to receive, slidingly, a secondary block or "drawer block", as referenced 4 to the figure 2 .

This block comprises a body 5 and a heel 6. The body 5 extends longitudinally with respect to the block 1 and its opposite faces 7 are intended to engage between the two longitudinal and vertical walls 2 of the block 1. In the case represented here, the faces 7 are materialized by vertical and parallel walls.

The latter are kept apart by a transverse partition 8 forming a spacer, of the same type as the transverse partitions 3 described above.

In a manner similar to the latter, this partition 8 has two grooves 80 separated by a triangular-shaped appendage 81.

At one of their ends, the walls of the faces 7 extend by a transverse heel 6 whose height and width are identical to that of a block 1.

Preferably, the spacing between the opposite faces 7 of the body 5 is equal, with the clearance, to the spacing between the inner facing faces 22 of the longitudinal walls block 2 of the main block 1.

Thus, the slide block 4 is slidable relative to the main block 1 between a position where it is fully engaged in the block 1 so that its transverse heel 6 abuts against the vertical end edges of the block 1 and closes the open wall 23, and intermediate positions where the slide block is simply partially engaged in the block 1, the faces 7 extending the longitudinal walls 2 of the main block, without continuity solution in the longitudinal direction.

In this way, it is possible to adjust, within a certain limit, the total length of the building block 1.

Of course, in order to obtain a surface flatness, it is necessary to fill the hollow which extends between a vertical end of the block 1, and the heel 6 of the slide block 4, by a cement thickness.

In practice, we deliver a set of such blocks on the site of the site where we propose to build a wall.

Generally, these blocks are packaged on pallets. The set includes main blocks such as those described above, others of length different and still others with unique open end wall. There are also some secondary blocks.

Thanks to this "game" of blocks, it is possible to erect a wall without any particular difficulty.

However, in some cases, especially when the wall is not straight but, on the contrary, have several angles, the number of "drawer" blocks is not sufficient.

It is then necessary to split a main block (or several) to continue the work. In practice, two parallel wings L are detached from a main block.

A rational method for doing this is to use a proper circular saw. But this procedure is expensive and requires safety equipment for the worker. This is why so far we have used a more traditional manual.

To the figure 2 appended, the block shown in the upper part of the figure is a block thus divided. The reference D denotes the fracture corresponding to the detachment zone of the wings which have been disposed of.

To achieve this splitting, a "pitting" P of the faces 20 of the block is carried out (see FIG. figure 1 ), in the junction zone of the wings L to the rest of it. By "stitching" is meant to weaken, for example with a hammer, the walls, so as to locally degrade the material and / or to generate cracks therein.

Just then, as shown by the arrows f of the figure 1 , to strike the wings at their internal faces 22 to cause their detachment.

This operation is facilitated by the fact that the "stitching" is performed in a zone of "weakness" of the block, that is to say in the area of the walls 2 where there is a change in thickness.

The split block can then be joined to another whole block, as shown in FIG. figure 2 , to ensure the continuity of the wall.

The space or the additional opening to be filled with concrete, which results from the juxtaposition of the two blocks, has been identified by the reference 10 '.

However, the fracture D of the split block has an irregular profile and may even have a general orientation that is not parallel to the wall 3. This profile results in particular from the manner in which the "stitching" was performed previously.

Under these conditions, it almost inevitably remains a passage G , orientation and random dimensions in which will not fail to engulf the concrete when filling the space 10 '. This concrete being liquid, there is a risk of escaping a fraction to the outside, which is not acceptable.

The present invention aims to provide a simple solution to this problem.

It therefore relates to a set of blocks according to claim 2 of the type described above.

This assembly is remarkable in that said transverse partition of the main blocks comprises, on its side facing said open transverse end wall, a pair of tongue-shaped projections, each projection extending vertically or substantially vertically from the top to the top. at the base of said wall, in the immediate vicinity of the angle that the latter forms with the longitudinal and vertical wall.

Thanks to this feature, during the juxtaposition of a split block and an entire block, the projections will be in front of the fractures described above and constitute an obstacle for the passage and leakage of concrete. The lost amount will then be significantly reduced.

• l'écartement j entre chaque saillie et la paroi longitudinale associée est supérieur à 4 mm et inférieur à 8 mm ;
• lesdites saillies comportent une face longitudinale plane, qui s'étend parallèlement et fait face à la paroi longitudinale et verticale située à proximité ;
• lesdites saillies présentent une seconde face longitudinale plane, qui converge en direction de leur extrémité libre ;
• il comporte des blocs principaux ouverts à leurs deux extrémités opposées ;
• il comporte également des blocs principaux ouverts à une seule extrémité ;
• il comporte des blocs principaux de longueur différente.

According to other advantageous but non-limiting characteristics:

• the spacing j between each projection and the associated longitudinal wall is greater than 4 mm and less than 8 mm;
• said projections comprise a flat longitudinal face, which extends parallel and faces the longitudinal and vertical wall located nearby;
• said projections have a second plane longitudinal face, which converges towards their free end;
• it has main blocks open at their opposite ends;
• it also has main blocks open at one end only;
• it has main blocks of different lengths.

The invention also relates to a hollow building block according to claim 1 intended to be filled with concrete which has a parallelepipedal shape comprising two longitudinal and vertical walls connected by at least one transverse partition, and of which at least one transverse end wall is open, characterized in that said transverse partition has, on its side facing said open transverse end wall, a pair of tongue-shaped projections, each projection extending vertically or substantially vertically from the top to the base of said wall, in the immediate vicinity of the angle that the latter forms with the longitudinal and vertical wall.

• la figure 3 est une vue de dessus d'un bloc principal formant partie intégrante de l'ensemble de l'invention ;
• la figure 4 est une vue en bout du bloc de la figure 3 ;
• les figures 5 et 6 sont des vues partielles de dessus d'un bloc, destinées à illustrer la manière dont on en réalise le fractionnement ;
• la figure 7 est une vue partielle, de dessus, de deux blocs principaux juxtaposés, l'un entier et l'autre fractionné ;
• la figure 8 est une vue de dessus d'un ensemble de blocs conformes à l'invention.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reading a preferred embodiment. This description will be made with reference to the appended drawings in which:

• the figure 3 is a top view of a main block forming an integral part of the assembly of the invention;
• the figure 4 is an end view of the block of the figure 3 ;
• the Figures 5 and 6 are partial top views of a block, intended to illustrate how splitting is done;
• the figure 7 is a partial view, from above, of two main blocks juxtaposed, one whole and the other split;
• the figure 8 is a top view of a set of blocks according to the invention.

Block 1 according to the present invention and shown in FIGS. Figures 3 and 4 annexed at the same overall speed as that described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 . Under these conditions, the same numerical references were used to identify identical or similar characteristics.

Note however that the two pairs of wings L have different lengths, for example respectively 10 and 15 cm.

The transverse partitions 3 of this block comprise, on their side facing the open transverse end wall 23, a pair of projections 9.

Each projection 9 has the shape of a tongue, which extends vertically (or substantially vertically in a variant not shown) from the top to the base of the block, that is to say the wall 3. It is located in the immediate vicinity of the angle that forms the wall 3 with the associated wall 2.

The expression "in the immediate vicinity" means that there remains a space j between the projection 9 and the nearest wall 2.

Preferably, this gap j is not less than 4 mm and not more than 8 mm.

As shown in figure 4 , the projections 9 line a notch 32 in "V", which forms the upper part of the partition 3.

The projections 9 have a longitudinal face 90 which is flat, which extends parallel and faces the longitudinal and vertical wall 2 located nearby.

The opposite wall 91, also flat and longitudinal, is oriented obliquely and converges towards their free end.

Finally, a third end transverse wall 92 "closes" the projection.

This particular shape gives the projection a greater thickness at its base than at its end, which gives it a high rigidity.

As an indication, its length (that is to say the dimension between the wall 90 and the connection area to the wall 3) is about 15 mm.

The sectioning of the block 1 is done in the same way as that described above, which means that after "stitching" P of the wings L ( figure 5 ), they are detached from the block by a hammer P , as shown in FIG. figure 6 .

Since the pairs of wings L have different lengths, depending on whether we have detached one or the other pairs of wings (or the two pairs), we will obtain a fractional block of variable size. .

The fact that there is a gap j between the wings L and the projections 9 prevents them from being damaged during the stitching P or the detachment of the wings L. In addition, the particular shape they present makes them less fragile to unwanted impacts or crack transmissions.

When such a split block is close to a second one, as shown in figure 7 , we will proceed so that the fractures D , regardless of their profile, come closest to the ends of the intact wings L of the second block while respecting, of course, the general alignment.

The new interior space 10 'thus formed to be filled with liquid concrete, it is understood that the projections 9 constitute barriers or baffles that oppose the natural movement g concrete that, without the presence of these protrusions, would come to escape outwards.

To the figure 7 has been shown, in broken lines, another possible orientation of one of the fractures D.

Finally, we have represented figure 8 a set of blocks according to the invention. Blocks 1 are of the type described above. Blocks 1A have a similar length, but with only one transverse end wall open. Blocks 1B and 1C are identical to blocks 1A, except that their respective lengths are smaller.

Finally, the blocks 4 are of the type described above.

Claims (8)

1. Hollow construction block intended to be filled with concrete and having a parallepipedic shape, comprising two longitudinal and vertical walls (2) connected by at least one transverse partition (3), at least one transverse end partition (23) being open, characterised in that the said transverse partition (3) has on its face turned towards the said open transverse end wall (23) a pair of projections (9) in the form of tabs, each projection (9) extending vertically or substantially vertically from the top to the bottom of the said wall (3), in the immediate proximity of the angle which this latter forms with the longitudinal and vertical wall (2).
2. Set of hollow construction blocks as claimed in Claim 1 intended to be placed dry one upon the other and to be filled with concrete in order to constitute a wall of a building, which comprises:

   main blocks (1, 1A, 1B, 1C) of parallelepipedic shape comprising longitudinal and vertical walls (2) connected by at least one transverse partition (3), of which at least one transverse end wall (23) is open;

   - secondary blocks or "slider blocks" (4) adapted to be engaged by sliding in the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B, 1C) by their open end wall (23), these blocks having a body (5) of which the opposing faces extend parallel to the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B, 1C), and a transverse end heel (6) such that when the secondary blocks (4) are completely engaged in the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B, 1C) the transverse heel (6) closes off the open end wall (23) thereof, whilst when they are partially engaged the opposing faces (7) of the secondary blocks (4) extend the longitudinal walls of the main blocks (1, 1A 1B, 1C) without a gap in the longitudinal direction,

   and the longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B, 1C) in the zone of engagement of the secondary blocks (4) have a mutual spacing greater than the rest of the blocks, such that when several main blocks (1, 1A, 1B, 1C) are superimposed with an offset in the longitudinal direction the secondary blocks (4) can be supported on the said longitudinal walls (2) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B, 1C) of the underlying wall, in the zone thereof where mutual spacing is reduced,
   characterised in that the said transverse partition (3) of the main blocks (1, 1A, 1B, 1C) includes, on the face thereof turned towards the said open transverse end wall (23), a pair of projections (9) in the form of tabs, each projection (9) extending vertically or substantially vertically from the top to the bottom of the said wall (3), in the immediate proximity of the angle which this latter forms with the longitudinal and vertical wall (2).
3. Set as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the spacing j between each projection (3) and the associated longitudinal wall (2) is greater than 4 mm and less than 8 mm.
4. Set as claimed in Claim 2, characterised in that the said projections (9) include a flat longitudinal face (90) which extends parallel and faces the longitudinal and vertical wall (2) situated close by.
5. Set as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that the said projections (9) have a second flat longitudinal face (91) which converges in the direction of the free end thereof.
6. Set as claimed in any one of Claims 2 to 5, characterised in that it includes main blocks (1) which are open at their two opposing ends.
7. Set as claimed in Claim 6, characterised in that it also includes main blocks (1, 1A, 1B, 1C) which are only open at one end.
8. Set as claimed in any one of Claims 2 to 7, characterised in that it includes main blocks (1, 1A, 1B, 1C) of different lengths.

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