EP1434177B1 - Dispositif de validation de billets de banque - Google Patents

Dispositif de validation de billets de banque Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1434177B1
EP1434177B1 EP03258164A EP03258164A EP1434177B1 EP 1434177 B1 EP1434177 B1 EP 1434177B1 EP 03258164 A EP03258164 A EP 03258164A EP 03258164 A EP03258164 A EP 03258164A EP 1434177 B1 EP1434177 B1 EP 1434177B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
banknote
validator
denomination
measurements
banknotes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP03258164A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1434177A2 (fr
EP1434177A3 (fr
Inventor
Christian Voser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Crane Payment Innovations Inc
Original Assignee
MEI Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP02258988A external-priority patent/EP1434176A1/fr
Application filed by MEI Inc filed Critical MEI Inc
Priority to EP08001090A priority Critical patent/EP1918887A1/fr
Priority to EP03258164A priority patent/EP1434177B1/fr
Publication of EP1434177A2 publication Critical patent/EP1434177A2/fr
Publication of EP1434177A3 publication Critical patent/EP1434177A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1434177B1 publication Critical patent/EP1434177B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/181—Testing mechanical properties or condition, e.g. wear or tear
    • G07D7/187—Detecting defacement or contamination, e.g. dirt
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and an apparatus for testing banknotes.
  • Banknote validating devices may be incorporated in apparatus which is capable of both receiving and dispensing banknotes, and in some cases the apparatus includes a store for banknotes to be dispensed which is replenished by received banknotes.
  • banknotes may be transported in housings which, when opened in an unauthorised manner, automatically trigger a device which explosively releases the ink to stain the banknotes.
  • banknote validators for example housed in automatic vending machines
  • the banknote will either be accepted as a genuine banknote or rejected, in dependence upon the extent to which it is stained, and in dependence upon the extent to which the measurements performed upon the banknote are influenced by presence of the ink.
  • Banknote validators tend to store large quantities of data to permit accurate recognition of multiple denominations. This data is of course dependent on the particular denominations expected to be handled by the validator. Because there is a limit to the amount of data which can be stored, it is necessary to use different validators, storing different sets of data, in areas where different denominations are expected, for example in different countries where different currencies are in use. Furthermore, because of the limited data capacity, it is sometimes not possible to arrange for the validator to recognise a sufficiently large variety of banknotes. These factors can result in customers finding unexpectedly that a validator will reject a genuine banknote, because the validator does not store data enabling recognition of that particular denomination.
  • a banknote validator stores data representative of banknotes of at least one denomination, and further data indicative of characteristics of ink used for staining banknotes, the validator being operable to perform measurements on a received banknote in order to classify the banknote into at least the following categories:
  • the validator separately stores data representative of (a) a plurality of different banknote denominations and (b) at least one type of stain ink. This permits recognition of stained banknotes of each of the denominations, by using a combination of the stain ink data and the relevant banknote denomination data.
  • a predetermined operation may be performed upon the banknote.
  • the banknote could be refunded to the user, or could be sent to a different store from the one which would normally be used for banknotes of the same denomination, and/or the apparatus could be arranged so that the banknote is retained but no credit for the banknote is provided.
  • bills which are genuine but unfit for re-circulation because of ageing or soiling (but not staining) are also separately categorised.
  • the banknote validator stores data representative of characteristics of at least one target class (i.e. banknote denomination), and is operable to measure a banknote and to use the measurements and the stored data to determine whether the banknote belongs to the target class; the banknote validator is further operable to compare the measurements of a banknote with data representative of the target class to which the banknote has been found to belong, and to determine from said comparison whether the measurements have predetermined characteristics indicative of an ink used for staining.
  • a target class i.e. banknote denomination
  • a banknote may be recognised irrespective of the presence of a stain, for example if the stain occupies only a small area of the banknote or by using banknote measurements which are not significantly influenced by the presence of a stain. Having determined the banknote denomination, it is then possible to assess the extent to which the measurements of the banknote depart from expected measurements, so that any differences can be compared to the properties of ink of a type known to be used for staining, thereby to determine whether the banknote has been stained. This enables the detection of stained banknotes even when the amount of stain is relatively small.
  • the banknote apparatus is operable to take measurements of a banknote, to generate adjusted measurements to compensate for the possible existence of stains on the banknote, the adjusted measurements being generated in accordance with data representative of predetermined characteristics associated with ink used for staining, and then to use data representative of a target class (i.e. a banknote denomination) to determine whether the adjusted measurements are representative of that target class.
  • a target class i.e. a banknote denomination
  • banknotes may be recognised despite the presence of significant areas of stain, by compensating for the presence of the stain. Furthermore, the thus-recognised banknote can be handled differently from banknotes which are not stained.
  • the arrangement is such that the banknote is first analysed to determine those areas where staining is suspected, and the measurements relating to those areas are adjusted appropriately.
  • the stained banknotes are retained in one or more stores which differ from other stores used to retain non-stained banknotes.
  • the features of the invention assist in removing from circulation banknotes which have been stained as a consequence of criminal activity. It is also possible to control whether the user of a machine is credited for deposited stained banknotes.
  • the preliminary classification operation preferably serves to eliminate all except (at most) one of the banknote classes as possible candidates, but does not guarantee that the banknote belongs to any remaining candidate class. Because this requires substantially less data than authentication, it is possible to arrange for the validator to be capable of classifying a banknote into any of a very large number of types (for example, the majority of the World's banknote types) without requiring excessive amounts of data storage.
  • the validator can be arranged so that, upon classifying a banknote as (possibly) belonging to a type which it is not capable of authenticating, appropriate action is taken, such as refunding the note, possibly while causing a message such as "This currency not accepted" to be displayed.
  • Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically an automatic transaction system (such as a vending machine) 3 including a banknote validator 1 according to the invention.
  • the validator has at least one receiving opening 11 and at least one dispensing opening 12 for receiving and returning banknotes, and further comprises a measuring unit 13, a decision unit 14 with a data store 30, a control unit 15, a plurality of one-way stores 16 ... 16i and a plurality of two-way stores 17 ... 17i.
  • These units are connected by transport means 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and a common routing element 18.
  • a banknote 2 After a banknote 2 has been inserted into the receiving opening 11 it is taken by a first transport means 20 to the measuring unit 13 which contains the measuring apparatus required for checking acceptability. The measurements made there are passed to the decision unit 14 which processes them with data, such as tolerance ranges, stored in the data store 30 and decides whether the banknote is acceptable and, if so, whether it is of a type assigned for re-use.
  • the control unit 15 is instructed to control the common routing element 18 of the transport system accordingly: upon leaving the measuring unit 13 a non-acceptable banknote is transported directly back to the dispensing opening 12; an acceptable banknote that is not to be re-used is directed by the routing element 18 onto transport means 23 and is transported to one of several one-way stores 16 ... 16i; an acceptable banknote that is to be available for re-use is directed by the routing element 18 onto transport means 24 and is taken to one of several two-way stores 17 ... 17i and stored.
  • the banknote validator 1 as described so far corresponds to prior art arrangements, and may operate as follows.
  • Each banknote received at the receiving opening 11 is measured in unit 13, for example using an optical test, preferably involving determining the reflectivity and/or transmissivity of the banknote in different areas and in different spectral regions.
  • the banknote is preferably scanned in areas distributed over at least one entire surface, and preferably both surfaces, in order to derive multiple measurements.
  • Unit 14 then processes those measurements with stored data representative of a number of different target classes, each target class corresponding to a respective authentic denomination, and possibly using other target classes corresponding to known counterfeit banknotes. Many suitable processing techniques are known to those skilled in the art.
  • the decision unit 14 determines, within a certain level of certainty, that the received banknote belongs to a genuine denomination, an appropriate signal is sent to the control unit 15. This in turn sends a signal to a control section (not shown) of the automatic transaction machine 3 via a bidirectional path 19.
  • the transmitted signal is representative of the amount of credit to be granted to the user in return for the received banknote.
  • the automatic transaction system 3 preferably incorporates a display 32, and is arranged to cause the display 32 to display the amount of credit granted to the user.
  • the genuine banknote is caused to be sent to an appropriate one of the stores 16 ... 16i, or if the banknote is of a denomination that is replenishable and dispensable, to one of the two-way stores 17 ... 17i.
  • the machine 3 can send on path 19 signals to cause the control unit 15 to refund a predetermined amount from two-way stores 17 ... 17i.
  • the decision unit 14 may also be arranged to perform an additional fitness test to determine whether a received genuine banknote is suitable for re-circulation.
  • the additional test may be similar to the first-mentioned test, but use tighter acceptance criteria.
  • the fitness test is intended to distinguish between genuine banknotes in good condition, and banknotes which are either in poor condition or have a greater chance of having been mis-classified as genuine. In such situations, any banknotes which would normally be sent to one of the two-way stores 17 ... 17i is instead sent to a one-way store 16 ... 16i.
  • the data store 30 additionally stores data representing the characteristics (for example the spectral characteristics) of one or more types of ink used for staining banknotes.
  • the data store further stores data enabling it to classify (but not authenticate) a large number of additional denominations.
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents the contents of the data store.
  • a first denomination region DEN stores separately data representing the characteristics of a large quantity (several hundred) of banknotes. The amount of data stored in respect of each banknote is relatively small, and enables the decision unit 14 merely to determine which of the denominations most closely matches the measurements of the received banknote.
  • each denomination is represented by classification data D001, D002, ... D800.
  • Each denomination also has stored therewith operation data 1001, 1002, ... 1800. The operation data indicates what kind of operation should be performed in response to detecting that the tested banknote belongs to the corresponding denomination.
  • Examples of stored operation data include: whether the denomination can be authenticated, the value of the denomination, the currency of the denomination, whether the denomination should be refunded, whether the denomination should be stored in a two-way store for recycling (which may be combined with more specific routing data), and any message to be displayed on recognition of the denomination.
  • the store 30 also has a stain characteristic storage region STA, which stores separately data S01, ...S04 representing the spectral characteristics of a number of different ink.
  • step 101 the measurements of the banknote are processed in turn with respective sets of ink stain data S01, ... S04 to determine whether the colour of the banknote effectively matches that of one of the ink stains. This will happen only if the banknote has been stained with large quantities of the ink. If so, the program proceeds immediately to step 124, where the banknote is delivered to one of the one-way stores 16 ..., 16i. This store is reserved for stained banknotes.
  • step 101 Normally, however, such gross stains are not recognised at step 101.
  • the program then proceeds to step 102.
  • the measurements of the banknote are processed, in turn, with respective sets of data from the denomination and authentication regions DEN and AUT, each set of data corresponding to a respective denomination, or target class. If the banknote is recognised as a genuine denomination, a credit value is incremented by an amount corresponding to the banknote denomination.
  • step 120 the operational data 1001, 1002, ...1800 associated with the relevant denomination is checked to determine whether that note is of a type that should be recycled. If so, the process then proceeds to step 126 where a fitness test is performed. (This may be similar to the procedure performed in WO-A-95/00932 , which is incorporated herein by reference.) If the banknote is determined to be fit, the process proceeds to step 122, where the banknote is routed to one of the two-way stores 17 ... 17i. Otherwise, or if the banknote is found at step 120 not to be of a recyclable type, the process passes to step 118, where the banknote is routed to one of the one-way stores 16 ... 16i.
  • step 102 if the banknote is not recognised, the process proceeds to step 104.
  • the decision unit 14 determines whether the banknote is potentially stained. If not, the process proceeds from step 104 to step 110, where the note is rejected by being delivered along transport path 22 to the dispensing opening 12.
  • non-stained banknotes can be treated in the same way as in prior art arrangements.
  • the process of checking for stains on recognised banknotes is as follows.
  • the measurements relating to individual areas of the banknote are compared with expected measurements as defined by the stored data representative of the denomination.
  • this is done by comparing the recognised areas of the note with a template or model of the note (e.g. the relevant one of the sets of data A01, A02,...A10 in the authentication region AUT), and using the differences and the model to predict the characteristics in other areas.
  • the prediction is then compared point-by-point with the actual measurements, and it is determined where the difference exceeds a threshold. If there are significant differences in one or more individual areas, or if the cumulative differences are significant, it is determined that the banknote is potentially stained, and the program proceeds to step 114.
  • the measurements in those areas exhibiting differences from the expected measurements are processed with the expected measurements in order to derive values representing the differences in respective areas.
  • the characteristics due to the determined denomination are effectively cancelled from the measurements.
  • step 116 the difference values are compared, in turn, with multiple sets of data S01, S02, .. S04 from the stain characteristic storage region STA, each set of data representing the spectral characteristics of a respective type of ink used for staining. If no match is found, it is determined that the detected differences are a result of soiling (not staining) of the banknote, and the program proceeds to step 118 to ensure that the banknote is delivered to a one-way store 16 ... 16i, and therefore will not be subsequently dispensed.
  • a stain may be detected just by correlating the banknote measurements (in the areas which do not conform to the prediction) with data characteristic of the ink (which would be acceptable if the stain is strong) or with a template corresponding to a stained banknote of appropriate denomination.
  • step 104 the stain detection procedure of step 104 is carried out.
  • measurements relating to respective areas of the banknote are examined to determine whether they contain spectral characteristics corresponding to the characteristics of known inks used for staining, again using data stored in the data store 30. If there is a match, the program proceeds to step 106; otherwise the program proceeds to reject the banknote at step 110.
  • each of the measurements relating to an area where there is a possible stain is adjusted to mitigate the effect of the stain. The extent of the adjustment will be dependent upon the data representing the characteristics of the ink found at step 104.
  • step 108 the adjusted measurements are processed in a similar way to the way the original measurements were processed at step 102, to determine whether they are representative of a genuine banknote. If not, the program proceeds to step 110 where the banknote is rejected. Otherwise, the program assumes that the banknote is a genuine banknote which has been stained to such a degree that it was not recognised at step 102. Accordingly, the step proceeds to step 124, where the stained banknote is stored in a one-way store 16 ... 16i. Preferably, no credit is given, because the stain will reduce the reliability of the testing.
  • the stain detection processes in steps 112 and 104, the derivation of the measurement differences at step 104 and the adjustment of the measurements at step 106 are all done on an area-by-area basis, to take into account the fact that the stain may occur in an unknown number of areas each occupying an unknown portion of the banknote.
  • the control unit 15 issues the signal representative of the credit value when either step 118 or step 122 is reached.
  • credit is only given in return for non-stained genuine banknotes.
  • the program checks the associated operation data 1001, 1002 ... 1800 for the recognised class of banknotes to determine whether this belongs to a sub-group for which authentication is possible. This checking process takes place at step 406. If authentication is not possible, because the appropriate data is not stored within the authentication region AUT, then the program proceeds to step 408. Here, the validator issues a signal to the transaction machine 3, causing a suitable message (dependent on the operation data) to be displayed on the display 32 to inform the customer that his note is not of a type that is acceptable to this machine. The program then proceeds to step 404.
  • the recognition routine shown in Figure 4 will produce a result indicating that a banknote has been recognised only if it has first been classified and then authenticated. Otherwise, the routine will indicate that the banknote has not been recognised. Additionally, if the banknote has been classified as a type that cannot be authenticated, the host machine will issue a predetermined display, dependent on the classification, to the customer, and refund the note.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Dispositif de validation de billets de banque qui stocke des données représentatives de billets de banque d'au moins une coupure, et des données supplémentaires indiquant des caractéristiques d'une encre utilisée pour maculer des billets de banque, le dispositif de validation étant utilisable pour prendre des mesures sur un billet de banque reçu, afin de classer le billet de banque dans au moins les catégories suivantes :
    (a) billets non maculés authentiques de ladite coupure ;
    (b) billets qui ont été maculés ; et
    (c) autres billets, y compris des billets de banque non authentiques ; et
    afin d'effectuer différentes opérations, en fonction de la catégorisation.
  2. Dispositif de validation de billets de banque selon la revendication 1, le dispositif de validation étant utilisable, en outre, pour comparer les mesures d'un billet de banque qui est déterminé comme appartenant à ladite coupure, avec des données représentatives de cette coupure, afin de déterminer, à partir de ladite comparaison, si les mesures ont des caractéristiques prédéterminées qui indiquent une encre utilisée pour le maculage.
  3. Dispositif de validation de billets de banque selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, qui est utilisable pour engendrer des mesures ajustées, afin de compenser l'existence éventuelle d'un maculage de caractéristiques prédéterminées sur le billet de banque, les mesures ajustées étant engendrées conformément à des données représentatives desdites caractéristiques de maculage, puis pour utiliser les données représentatives de ladite coupure de billet de banque pour déterminer si les mesures ajustées sont représentatives de cette coupure.
  4. Dispositif de validation de billets de banque selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le billet de banque est analysé pour déterminer des surfaces maculées éventuelles, de façon à définir celles des mesures qui sont ajustées.
  5. Dispositif de validation de billets de banque selon la revendication 3 ou la revendication 4, le dispositif de validation de billets de banque étant également utilisable pour déterminer si des mesures non ajustées sont représentatives de la coupure de billet de banque.
  6. Dispositif de validation de billets de banque selon la revendication 5, dans lequel, lorsque les mesures non ajustées sont considérées comme représentatives d'une coupure de billet de banque, le dispositif de validation de billets de banque est utilisable pour comparer des mesures de billet de banque avec des données représentatives de ladite coupure, afin de déterminer, à partir de ladite comparaison, si les mesures ont des caractéristiques prédéterminées qui indiquent une encre utilisée pour le maculage.
  7. Dispositif de validation de billets de banque selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant au moins une réserve, le dispositif de validation de billets de banque ayant des moyens de commande conçus pour ne diriger que des billets de banque qui ont été déterminés comme étant maculés, vers cette réserve.
  8. Dispositif de validation de billets de banque selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le dispositif de validation de billets de banque étant utilisable pour délivrer un signal qui indique une quantité de crédit associée à un billet de banque d'une coupure prédéterminée, en fonction de ce que le billet de banque est déterminé comme étant maculé ou non.
  9. Dispositif de validation de billets de banque selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, agencé pour stocker séparément des données représentant des caractéristiques d'une pluralité de coupures différentes de billets de banque et des données relatives à au moins un type d'encre, et pour stocker une combinaison des données stockées, afin de reconnaître que des billets de banque des coupures respectives ont été maculés.
  10. Dispositif de validation de billets de banque selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, qui est utilisable pour classer un billet de banque mesuré dans un type parmi une pluralité de types de billets de banque, et qui est utilisable par la suite, pour authentifier le billet de banque, seulement si le billet de banque est classé comme étant l'un d'un sous-groupe des desdits types.
  11. Dispositif de validation de billets de banque selon la revendication 10, le dispositif de validation stockant, pour chaque type de ladite pluralité de types de billets de banque, des données de caractéristiques autorisant une coupure de billets de banque de ce type et, pour des billets de banque appartenant audit sous-groupe de types, stockant un sous-ensemble de données autorisant l'authentification de ceux-ci.
  12. Dispositif de validation de billets de banque selon la revendication 10 ou la revendication 11, le dispositif de validation étant agencé pour délivrer un signal représentant une valeur de crédit, seulement si le billet de banque est authentifié avec succès.
  13. Machine de manipulation de billets de banque comprenant un dispositif de validation de billets de banque selon la revendication 12 et un dispositif d'affichage, dans laquelle le signal de crédit représente un valeur qui est fonction de la coupure du billet de banque authentifié, le dispositif de validation étant utilisable pour faire en sorte que le dispositif d'affichage affiche un message prédéterminé, en réponse au classement d'un billet de banque comme appartenant à un type qui ne fait pas partie dudit sous-groupe.
  14. Procédé pour classer des billets de banque, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à : prendre des mesures d'un billet de banque qui peut avoir été maculé ou non ; et traiter les mesures, des données représentant les caractéristiques d'une pluralité de coupures de billets de banque et des données représentant les caractéristiques d'au moins une encre de maculage prédéterminée, afin de classer le billet de banque dans une d' au moins les catégories suivantes :
    (a) billets non maculés authentiques de l'une desdites coupures ;
    (b) billets qui ont été maculés ; et
    (c) autres billets, y compris des billets non authentiques.
EP03258164A 2002-12-27 2003-12-24 Dispositif de validation de billets de banque Expired - Fee Related EP1434177B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08001090A EP1918887A1 (fr) 2002-12-27 2003-12-24 Validateur de billet de banque
EP03258164A EP1434177B1 (fr) 2002-12-27 2003-12-24 Dispositif de validation de billets de banque

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02258988 2002-12-27
EP02258988A EP1434176A1 (fr) 2002-12-27 2002-12-27 Validateur de billet de banque
EP03258164A EP1434177B1 (fr) 2002-12-27 2003-12-24 Dispositif de validation de billets de banque

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08001090A Division EP1918887A1 (fr) 2002-12-27 2003-12-24 Validateur de billet de banque

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EP1434177A2 EP1434177A2 (fr) 2004-06-30
EP1434177A3 EP1434177A3 (fr) 2004-08-04
EP1434177B1 true EP1434177B1 (fr) 2008-09-10

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EP08001090A Withdrawn EP1918887A1 (fr) 2002-12-27 2003-12-24 Validateur de billet de banque
EP03258164A Expired - Fee Related EP1434177B1 (fr) 2002-12-27 2003-12-24 Dispositif de validation de billets de banque

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DE102010021515A1 (de) † 2010-05-26 2011-12-01 Beb Industrie-Elektronik Ag Überfallsfarbe zur Markierung von Dokumenten

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EP1434177A2 (fr) 2004-06-30
EP1434177A3 (fr) 2004-08-04
EP1918887A1 (fr) 2008-05-07

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