EP1432878B1 - Control device - Google Patents

Control device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1432878B1
EP1432878B1 EP02735426A EP02735426A EP1432878B1 EP 1432878 B1 EP1432878 B1 EP 1432878B1 EP 02735426 A EP02735426 A EP 02735426A EP 02735426 A EP02735426 A EP 02735426A EP 1432878 B1 EP1432878 B1 EP 1432878B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
shut
switching valve
store
line
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Expired - Fee Related
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EP02735426A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1432878A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Kühn
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Hydac Technology GmbH
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Hydac Technology GmbH
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Publication of EP1432878A1 publication Critical patent/EP1432878A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2203—Arrangements for controlling the attitude of actuators, e.g. speed, floating function
    • E02F9/2207—Arrangements for controlling the attitude of actuators, e.g. speed, floating function for reducing or compensating oscillations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2217—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives with energy recovery arrangements, e.g. using accumulators, flywheels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/226—Safety arrangements, e.g. hydraulic driven fans, preventing cavitation, leakage, overheating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a work machine with control device having the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the hydraulic accumulator via the filling line with the pressure medium source is also connected, wherein the shut-off valve acting between the working cylinder and the memory is arranged directly in the filling line itself and wherein the valve member of the shut-off valve in the closing direction of the accumulator pressure acted upon and pressure-relieved in the opening direction.
  • a 3-way valve is electrically reversed, which can also be done automatically, in which case the accumulator pressure equal to the load pressure on the piston side of the respective working cylinder, since previously the hydraulic damping accumulator to this pressure was charged via the filling line.
  • the suspension thus takes place with the pressure prevailing in the piston chamber of the respective working cylinder pressure, not with a higher or lower pressure, which would otherwise result in an unwanted movement of the piston of the working cylinder. In particular, sagging of the load when connecting the respective hydraulic damping accumulator is avoided.
  • the invention has the object to further improve the known solutions that on the one hand a machine with control device is created, which provides increased security and overloading of the memory due to pressure peaks occurring, especially in Loading operation of the working machine, helps avoid, and which leads to the simplification of the hydraulic circuit.
  • This object is achieved by a working machine with the features of claim 1 in its entirety.
  • the damping memory is separated from the working cylinder and pressure peaks, for example, when working with the working tool, such as Boom, loading bucket od. Like., Arise, do not affect the hydraulic accumulator harmful.
  • the shut-off valve is switched to its open position, at the same time shut off switching valve in the filling line, and since the abfederated load is adapted to the earlier lifting and filling pressure of the memory, it can come to an extension movement of the working cylinder upwards.
  • the control device according to the invention not only the respective hydraulic damping accumulator is protected from damaging pressure peaks, but also the safety during operation of the working machine is increased.
  • the control device is in particular od for use in working machines, such as wheel loaders, excavators.
  • At least one hydraulic working cylinder 10 which is provided with a piston rod unit 14 for lifting and lowering a predefinable load 12, serves to actuate and control a loading or excavating bucket.
  • the actual piston of this unit 14 divides the working cylinder 10 in a piston chamber 16 and a rod space 18.
  • several, in particular parallel to each other working cylinder 10 may be provided.
  • control block 20 For controlling the working cylinder 10 is provided for these tasks conventional control block 20.
  • the said control block 20 serves to control the pressure medium paths between the working cylinder 10, a pressure medium supply P and a tank T.
  • the control device has a hydraulic accumulator 22, which Damping memory is used, and here also several memory can be used depending on the task.
  • the memory 22 is such a conventional type, which are also known under the name "hydraulic accumulator”.
  • a filling line 24 Between working cylinder 10 and memory 22 extends a filling line 24, to which the control block 20 is connected with its pressure supply P.
  • a first switching valve 26 is connected in the filling line 24 and a check valve 28 which opens spring-loaded in the direction of the memory 22.
  • the first switching valve 26 is in its, the filling line 24 blocking position. Furthermore, a secondary branch line 30, which is provided with a shut-off valve 32, is connected to the filling line 24.
  • the shut-off valve 32 has a controllable valve member 34, which serves to connect the memory 22 for the purpose of damping the movement (suspension) of the working cylinder 10 and this is switchable into its open position. As shown in the diagram, however, the shut-off valve 32 assumes its, the secondary branch line 30 blocking position in its initial position.
  • the switching valve 26 and the shut-off valve 32 are thus connected in parallel to the filling line 24 and the secondary branch line 30, ie the secondary branch line 30 opens with its two free ends in the respective fluid direction in front of and behind the switching valve 26 in the filling line 24, namely the connection points 36,38.
  • another switching valve 40 is connected between memory 22 and the shut-off valve 32 in the secondary branch line 30, which is shown in the non-actuated state and brings the valve member 34 of the shut-off valve 32 in its open position in the actuated state.
  • the further switching valve 40 is connected to a leakage oil line L.
  • Said second switching valve 40 can be controlled and operated in particular by the operator of the working machine. If the switching valve 40 is switched to its operating position, the accumulator pressure is passed to the shut-off valve 32 via the part of the secondary branch line 30, which is connected to the memory 22, and this is switched to its open position.
  • the further switching valve 40 is for this purpose connected via the connection point 42 in the secondary branch line 30, between the junction 38 and the shut-off valve 32nd
  • the rod space 18 of the working cylinder 10 is connected via a connecting line 43 to the control block 20 and via a further connecting line 44 with a third switching valve 46.
  • the third switching valve 46 is connected to the tank T and can, as the circuit diagram shows, also By actuating the third switching valve 46, this is brought via the control line 48 from its locked position to its open position and the rod chamber 18 can relax to the tank T out.
  • a pressure relief valve 50 is connected to the leak oil line L, which is otherwise connected to the connection point 38 to the memory 22. Running parallel to the pressure relief valve is further provided a manually operable shut-off device 52.
  • Said valve arrangement can be combined in a valve block 54, wherein the working cylinder 10 with terminals A, B can be connected to this valve block 54.
  • the memory 22 is connected via the terminal Sp to the valve block 54 and for driving the first switching valve 26 opens a control line of the control block 20 via the terminal VStö in the valve block 54. Further, terminals T and L for the connection of the tank or leak oil line intended.
  • the first switching valve 26 and the third switching valve 46 and the shut-off valve 32 are designed as 2/2-way valves and connected in their normal position all blocking.
  • the second switching valve 40 consists of a 3/2-way valve, which produces a fluid-conducting connection between the control line 48 and the drain line L in the non-actuated state.
  • Both the shut-off valve 32 and the third switching valve 56 have to control large volume flows, wherein the volume flow passing through the third switching valve 46 is smaller than that which passes through the shut-off valve 32. This is due to the fact that the third switching valve 46 is assigned to the rod chamber 18 and the shut-off valve 32 to the piston chamber 16, which lead in their volume change to different volume flows. When retracting the working cylinder 10 is at least in the third switching valve 46 only a very small pressure difference available, which may be less than 1 bar.
  • the suspension can now be activated, wherein the control block 20 is switched to its neutral position (closed).
  • the second switching valve 40 is actuated, wherein the two pre-controlled via the control line 48 valves 32 and 46 are acted upon by the accumulator pressure and thereby open.
  • the third switching valve 46 is thereby switched and connects the rod chamber 18 with the tank T and the further connected shut-off valve 32 connects the piston chamber 16 of the working cylinder 10 with the memory 22, so that the described suspension is activated.
  • the second switching valve 40 is actuated, so that the pilot control lines 48 of the valves 32 and 46 are connected to the tank line.
  • the said valves 32 and 46 close, the memory 22 remains charged and the suspension is blocked.
  • the loading shovel can now move into the load, for example in the form of ballast, whereby the high pressures possibly arising in the lifting cylinders 10 are not passed on to the accumulator 22 in a damaging manner, since the first switching valve 26 designed as a slide valve is in this position Moment remains closed and thus interrupts the fluid-conducting connection via the filling line 24.
  • the suspension Since the suspension only makes sense when driving, it is essentially activated only for driving and the control device according to the invention ensures that the suspension that the suspension is then blocked when the memory 22 could be overloaded by pressure peaks in the load application or when the working cylinder (loading bucket) actuated by the working cylinder (bucket) with or without load occupies a working state, in which a possibly resulting from switching of the memory 22 unwanted Moving operation (lifting a boom or the like.) could be dangerous.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Arbeitsmaschine mit Steuervorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a work machine with control device having the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.

Bei einer Steuervorrichtung nach der DE 41 29 509 C2 ist der hydraulische Speicher über die Fülleitung mit der Druckmittelquelle gleichfalls verbindbar, wobei das zwischen dem Arbeitszylinder und dem Speicher wirkende Absperrventil unmittelbar in der Fülleitung selbst angeordnet ist und wobei das Ventilglied des Absperrventils in Schließrichtung vom Speicherdruck beaufschlagt und in Öffnungsrichtung druckentlastet ist.In a control device according to DE 41 29 509 C2, the hydraulic accumulator via the filling line with the pressure medium source is also connected, wherein the shut-off valve acting between the working cylinder and the memory is arranged directly in the filling line itself and wherein the valve member of the shut-off valve in the closing direction of the accumulator pressure acted upon and pressure-relieved in the opening direction.

Bei der bekannten Lösung erfolgt das Aufladen des jeweils hydraulischen Speichers beim Heben der Last mittels des jeweiligen Arbeitszylinders.In the known solution, the charging of the respective hydraulic accumulator takes place when lifting the load by means of the respective working cylinder.

Steigt der Speicherdruck auf einen dem Lastdruck entsprechenden Wert an, so schließt hierfür ein eigenes Sitzventil, dessen Steuerraum vom Speicherdruck beaufschlagt ist. Zum Zuschalten des jeweiligen hydraulischen Federungsspeichers auf den jeweiligen Arbeitszylinder wird ein 3-Wege-Ventil elektrisch umgesteuert, was auch automatisch erfolgen kann, wobei dann der Speicherdruck gleich dem Lastdruck auf der Kolbenseite des jeweiligen Arbeitszylinders entspricht, da ja vorher der hydraulische Dämpfungsspeicher auf diesen Druck über die Fülleitung aufgeladen wurde. Die Federung erfolgt also mit dem im Kolbenraum des jeweiligen Arbeitszylinders herrschenden Druck, nicht mit einem höheren oder niedrigeren Druck, der ansonsten eine ungewollte Bewegung des Kolbens des Arbeitszylinders zur Folge hätte. Insbesondere ist ein Absacken der Last beim Zuschalten des jeweiligen hydraulischen Dämpfungsspeichers vermieden. Treten jedoch an dem hydraulischen Arbeitszylinder dynamische Belastungen auf, beispielsweise in Form von Druckspitzen, die unter anderem dadurch entstehen können, daß die Arbeitsmaschine in Form eines Radladers zum Beladen der Ladeschaufel in aufzunehmendes Gut, wie Schotter, Erdreich od. dgl., einfährt, werden diese den Dämpfungsspeicher schädigenden Druckspitzen unmittelbar an diesen weitergegeben.If the accumulator pressure increases to a value corresponding to the load pressure, then this is closed by a separate seat valve whose control chamber is acted upon by the accumulator pressure. To connect the respective hydraulic suspension accumulator to the respective working cylinder, a 3-way valve is electrically reversed, which can also be done automatically, in which case the accumulator pressure equal to the load pressure on the piston side of the respective working cylinder, since previously the hydraulic damping accumulator to this pressure was charged via the filling line. The suspension thus takes place with the pressure prevailing in the piston chamber of the respective working cylinder pressure, not with a higher or lower pressure, which would otherwise result in an unwanted movement of the piston of the working cylinder. In particular, sagging of the load when connecting the respective hydraulic damping accumulator is avoided. However, occur on the hydraulic cylinder dynamic loads, for example in the form of pressure peaks, which may arise, inter alia, that the work machine in the form of a wheel loader for loading the bucket into male material, such as gravel, soil od. Like., Retracts, are this damaging memory damaging pressure peaks passed directly to this.

Zwar ist, um dem zu begegnen, bei einer bekannten Hydraulikanlage für Baumaschinen, insbesondere Radlader, Schlepper od. dgl., nach der DE 39 09 205 C1 bereits vorgeschlagen worden, innerhalb einer zu den hydraulischen Arbeitszylindern führenden Hauptleitung eine Verbindungsleitung abzuzweigen, die mit einem Absperrventil versehen ist, das dann von der Fülleitung überbrückt ist, die wiederum ein Druckminderventil aufweist. Durch die dahingehend bekannte Anordnung ist es dann zwar möglich, den jeweiligen hydraulischen Speicher beim Heben der Last mittels des jeweiligen Hydraulikzylinders zu laden, und zwar mit einem durch das Druckminderventil vorgebbaren höheren Druck; allein beim Zuschalten der Dämpfungsspeicher über das Absperrventil auf die Kolbenseite des jeweiligen Arbeitszylinders entspricht der Druck auf der Kolbenseite nicht zwingend dem höheren Dämpfungsdruck auf seiten der Speicher, so daß es auch ungewollt zu einer Ausfahrbewegung an den Arbeitszylindern und mithin an der Ladeschaufel kommen kann.Although, in order to counteract, in a known hydraulic system for construction machinery, especially wheel loaders, tractors od. Like., According to DE 39 09 205 C1 has already been proposed to branch off within a leading to the hydraulic working main line a connecting line with a Shut-off valve is provided, which is then bridged by the filling line, which in turn has a pressure reducing valve. By the arrangement known to the extent possible, it is then possible to load the respective hydraulic accumulator when lifting the load by means of the respective hydraulic cylinder, with a through the pressure reducing valve specifiable higher pressure; alone when connecting the damping memory via the shut-off valve on the piston side of the respective working cylinder, the pressure on the piston side does not necessarily correspond to the higher damping pressure on the side of the memory, so that it can also unintentionally come to an extension movement on the working cylinders and thus on the loading shovel.

Durch die US-A-5,733,095 ist eine gattungsgemäße Arbeitsmaschine mit Steuervorrichtung bekannt, mit mindestens einem, über mindestens einen hydraulischen Arbeitszylinder betätigbaren Arbeitswerkzeug, mit einem Steuerblock zur Ansteuerung der Druckmittelwege zwischen dem Arbeitszylinder, einer Druckmittelversorgung und einem Tank, mit mindestens einem hydraulischen Speicher und mit einem zwischen dem Arbeitszylinder und dem Speicher angeordneten Absperrventil, das ein ansteuerbares Ventilglied aufweist, das zum Zuschalten des Speichers zwecks Dämpfen der Bewegung des Arbeitszylinders in seine Durchlaßrichtung geschaltet wird, wobei ein vom Steuerblock ansteuerbares Schaltventil in die Fülleitung des hydraulischen Speichers geschaltet ist, das im unbetätigten Zustand die Fülleitung sperrt und wobei in einer an die Fülleitung angeschlossenen Nebenzweigleitung das Absperrventil geschaltet ist, das in Öffnungsrichtung vom Speicherdruck beaufschlagt und in Schließrichtung druckentlastet ist. Mit der bekannten Lösung ist es möglich, von der Ansteuerung des Arbeitszylinders unabhängig die Aufladung des Speichers durch den Druckausgleichmechanismus zwischen Speicherdruck und Kolbendruck vorzunehmen. Der bekannte Hydraulikkreis baut jedoch kompliziert auf und benötigt eine Vielzahl an Bauteilen, so dass die dahingehende Realisierung kostenaufwendig ist.By the US-A-5,733,095 a generic working machine with control device is known, with at least one operable via at least one hydraulic working cylinder working tool with a control block for controlling the pressure medium paths between the working cylinder, a pressure medium supply and a tank, with at least one hydraulic accumulator and with a shut-off valve arranged between the working cylinder and the accumulator and having a controllable valve member which is switched to connect the accumulator for damping the movement of the working cylinder in its forward direction, wherein a control valve controllable by the control block is connected in the filling line of the hydraulic accumulator, the in the unactuated state, the filling line blocks and wherein in a side branch line connected to the filling line, the shut-off valve is connected, which acts in the opening direction of the accumulator pressure and print in the closing direction is busy. With the known solution, it is possible to independently of the control of the working cylinder, the charging of the memory by the pressure compensation mechanism between storage pressure and piston pressure. However, the known hydraulic circuit is complicated and requires a large number of components, so that the implementation is costly.

Ausgehend von dem genannten Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die bekannten Lösungen dahingehend weiter zu verbessern, dass zum einen eine Arbeitsmaschine mit Steuervorrichtung geschaffen ist, die eine erhöhte Sicherheit bietet und die eine Überlastung der Speicher aufgrund von auftretenden Druckspitzen, insbesondere im Beladebetrieb der Arbeitsmaschine, vermeiden hilft, und die zur Vereinfachung des hydraulischen Kreises führt. Eine dahingehende Aufgabe löst eine Arbeitsmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 in seiner Gesamtheit.Based on the cited prior art, the invention has the object to further improve the known solutions that on the one hand a machine with control device is created, which provides increased security and overloading of the memory due to pressure peaks occurring, especially in Loading operation of the working machine, helps avoid, and which leads to the simplification of the hydraulic circuit. This object is achieved by a working machine with the features of claim 1 in its entirety.

Dadurch, dass gemäß dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 der Kolbenraum und der Stangenraum des Arbeitszylinders fluidführend an den Steuerblock angeschlossen sind und der Kolbenraum fluidführend mit der Fülleitung in Verbindung steht, ist der genannte hydraulische Kreis gegenüber der bekannten gattungsgemäßen Lösung deutlich vereinfacht. Ferner kann über die Fülleitung der jeweilige hydraulische Speicher beim Heben der Last mittels des jeweiligen Arbeitszylinders aufgeladen werden, so dass der Speicherdruck dann dem Hebedruck unter Last entspricht.Characterized in that according to the characterizing part of claim 1, the piston chamber and the rod space of the working cylinder are fluidly connected to the control block and the piston chamber fluidly connected to the filling line in communication, said hydraulic circuit over the known generic solution is significantly simplified. Furthermore, the respective hydraulic accumulator can be charged by means of the respective working cylinder via the filling line when lifting the load, so that the accumulator pressure then corresponds to the lifting pressure under load.

Wird die Fülleitung über das vom Steuerblock ansteuerbare Schaltventil dann abgesperrt und verbleibt das in der Nebenzweigleitung angeschlossene Absperrventil gleichfalls in Sperrstellung, ist der Dämpfungsspeicher vom Arbeitszylinder getrennt und Druckspitzen, die beispielsweise beim Arbeiten mit dem Arbeitswerkzeug, wie Ausleger, Ladeschaufel od. dgl., entstehen, wirken sich nicht schädlich auf den hydraulischen Speicher aus. Für die Aktivierung der Federung wird dann das Absperrventil in seine Durchlaßstellung geschaltet, bei gleichzeitig abgesperrtem Schaltventil in der Fülleitung, und da die abzufedernde Last dem früheren Hebe- und Fülldruck des Speichers angepaßt ist, kann es zu einer Ausfahrbewegung des Arbeitszylinders nach oben kommen. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Steuervorrichtung ist also nicht nur der jeweilige hydraulische Dämpfungsspeicher vor schädlichen Druckspitzen bewahrt, sondern auch die Sicherheit beim Betrieb der Arbeitsmaschine erhöht.If the filling line is then shut off via the control block controllable switching valve and remains connected in the side branch line shut-off valve also in the blocking position, the damping memory is separated from the working cylinder and pressure peaks, for example, when working with the working tool, such as Boom, loading bucket od. Like., Arise, do not affect the hydraulic accumulator harmful. For the activation of the suspension then the shut-off valve is switched to its open position, at the same time shut off switching valve in the filling line, and since the abfederated load is adapted to the earlier lifting and filling pressure of the memory, it can come to an extension movement of the working cylinder upwards. Thus, with the control device according to the invention, not only the respective hydraulic damping accumulator is protected from damaging pressure peaks, but also the safety during operation of the working machine is increased.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der weiteren Unteransprüche.Further advantageous embodiments are the subject of the other dependent claims.

Im folgenden wird die erfindungsgemäße Arbeitsmaschine anhand einer Ausführungsform nach der Zeichnung näher erläutert.
Dabei zeigt die einzige Figur in prinzipieller und nicht maßstäblicher Darstellung in der Art eines Schaltplanes die wesentlichen Hauptkomponenten der erfindungsgemäßen Arbeitsmaschine.In the following the machine according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment according to the drawing.
The single figure in principle and not to scale representation in the manner of a circuit diagram shows the essential main components of the machine according to the invention.

Die Steuervorrichtung ist insbesondere für den Einsatz bei Arbeitsmaschinen, wie Radlader, Bagger od. dgl., vorgesehen. Zum Betätigen und Ansteuern einer Lade- oder Baggerschaufel dient mindestens ein hydraulischer Arbeitszylinder 10, der zum Heben und Senken einer vorgebbaren Last 12 mit einer Kolbenstangeneinheit 14 versehen ist. Der eigentliche Kolben dieser Einheit 14 unterteilt dabei den Arbeitszylinder 10 in einen Kolbenraum 16 und einen Stangenraum 18. In Abhängigkeit der Ausbildung der Arbeitsmaschine können mehrere, insbesondere parallel zueinander geschaltete Arbeitszylinder 10 (nicht dargestellt) vorgesehen sein.The control device is in particular od for use in working machines, such as wheel loaders, excavators. Like., Provided. At least one hydraulic working cylinder 10, which is provided with a piston rod unit 14 for lifting and lowering a predefinable load 12, serves to actuate and control a loading or excavating bucket. The actual piston of this unit 14 divides the working cylinder 10 in a piston chamber 16 and a rod space 18. Depending on the design of the machine several, in particular parallel to each other working cylinder 10 (not shown) may be provided.

Zum Ansteuern des Arbeitszylinders 10 dient ein für diese Aufgaben vorgesehener üblicher Steuerblock 20. Der genannte Steuerblock 20 dient der Ansteuerung der Druckmittelwege zwischen dem Arbeitszylinder 10, einer Druckmittelversorgung P und einem Tank T. Des weiteren weist die Steuervorrichtung einen hydraulischen Speicher 22 auf, der als Dämpfungsspeicher dient, wobei hier ebenfalls in Abhängigkeit von der Aufgabenstellung auch mehrere Speicher eingesetzt werden können. Bei dem Speicher 22 handelt es sich um einen solchen üblicher Bauart, die auch unter der Bezeichnung "Hydrospeicher" bekannt sind. Zwischen Arbeitszylinder 10 und Speicher 22 verläuft eine Fülleitung 24, an die der Steuerblock 20 mit seiner Druckversorgung P angeschlossen ist. Des weiteren ist in die Fülleitung 24 ein erstes Schaltventil 26 geschaltet sowie ein Rückschlagventil 28, das in Richtung des Speichers 22 federbelastet öffnet.For controlling the working cylinder 10 is provided for these tasks conventional control block 20. The said control block 20 serves to control the pressure medium paths between the working cylinder 10, a pressure medium supply P and a tank T. Furthermore, the control device has a hydraulic accumulator 22, which Damping memory is used, and here also several memory can be used depending on the task. The memory 22 is such a conventional type, which are also known under the name "hydraulic accumulator". Between working cylinder 10 and memory 22 extends a filling line 24, to which the control block 20 is connected with its pressure supply P. Furthermore, a first switching valve 26 is connected in the filling line 24 and a check valve 28 which opens spring-loaded in the direction of the memory 22.

In der gezeigten Schaltdarstellung befindet sich das erste Schaltventil 26 in seiner, die Fülleitung 24 sperrenden Stellung. Des weiteren ist an die Fülleitung 24 eine Nebenzweigleitung 30 angeschlossen, die mit einem Absperrventil 32 versehen ist. Das Absperrventil 32 weist ein ansteuerbares Ventilglied 34 auf, das dem Zuschalten des Speichers 22 zwecks Dämpfen der Bewegung (Federung) des Arbeitszylinders 10 dient und das hierfür in seine Durchlaßstellung schaltbar ist. Gemäß der Darstellung nach dem Schaltplan nimmt das Absperrventil 32 in seiner Ausgangslage jedoch seine, die Nebenzweigleitung 30 sperrende Stellung ein.In the circuit diagram shown, the first switching valve 26 is in its, the filling line 24 blocking position. Furthermore, a secondary branch line 30, which is provided with a shut-off valve 32, is connected to the filling line 24. The shut-off valve 32 has a controllable valve member 34, which serves to connect the memory 22 for the purpose of damping the movement (suspension) of the working cylinder 10 and this is switchable into its open position. As shown in the diagram, however, the shut-off valve 32 assumes its, the secondary branch line 30 blocking position in its initial position.

Das Schaltventil 26 und das Absperrventil 32 sind also parallel zueinander an die Fülleitung 24 bzw. die Nebenzweigleitung 30 angeschlossen, d.h. die Nebenzweigleitung 30 mündet mit ihren beiden freien Enden in der jeweiligen Fluidrichtung vor und hinter dem Schaltventil 26 in die Fülleitung 24, und zwar an den Anschlußstellen 36,38.The switching valve 26 and the shut-off valve 32 are thus connected in parallel to the filling line 24 and the secondary branch line 30, ie the secondary branch line 30 opens with its two free ends in the respective fluid direction in front of and behind the switching valve 26 in the filling line 24, namely the connection points 36,38.

Wie sich des weiteren aus dem Schaltplan ergibt, ist zwischen Speicher 22 und dem Absperrventil 32 in die Nebenzweigleitung 30 ein weiteres Schaltventil 40 angeschlossen, das im nicht betätigten Zustand dargestellt ist und im betätigten Zustand das Ventilglied 34 des Absperrventils 32 in seine Öffnungsstellung bringt. Im nicht betätigten Zustand ist das weitere Schaltventil 40 an eine Leckölleitung L angeschlossen. Das genannte zweite Schaltventil 40 läßt sich insbesondere von der Bedienperson der Arbeitsmaschine ansteuern und betätigen. Ist das Schaltventil 40 in seine Betätigungsstellung durchgeschaltet, wird über den Teil der Nebenzweigleitung 30, die an den Speicher 22 angeschlossen ist, der Speicherdruck an das Absperrventil 32 geleitet und dieses in seine Durchlaßstellung geschaltet. Das weitere Schaltventil 40 ist hierzu über die Anschlußstelle 42 in die Nebenzweigleitung 30 geschaltet, und zwar zwischen der Anschlußstelle 38 und dem Absperrventil 32.As is further apparent from the circuit diagram, another switching valve 40 is connected between memory 22 and the shut-off valve 32 in the secondary branch line 30, which is shown in the non-actuated state and brings the valve member 34 of the shut-off valve 32 in its open position in the actuated state. In the non-actuated state, the further switching valve 40 is connected to a leakage oil line L. Said second switching valve 40 can be controlled and operated in particular by the operator of the working machine. If the switching valve 40 is switched to its operating position, the accumulator pressure is passed to the shut-off valve 32 via the part of the secondary branch line 30, which is connected to the memory 22, and this is switched to its open position. The further switching valve 40 is for this purpose connected via the connection point 42 in the secondary branch line 30, between the junction 38 and the shut-off valve 32nd

Der Stangenraum 18 des Arbeitszylinders 10 ist über eine Anschlußleitung 43 mit dem Steuerblock 20 verbunden und über eine weitere Anschlußleitung 44 mit einem dritten Schaltventil 46. Des weiteren ist das dritte Schaltventil 46 an den Tank T angeschlossen und läßt sich, wie der Schaltplan zeigt, gleichfalls über eine Steuerleitung 48 ansteuern und mithin über das zweite Schaltventil 40. Durch Betätigen des dritten Schaltventils 46 wird dieses über die Steuerleitung 48 von seiner gesperrten Stellung in seine Durchlaßstellung gebracht und der Stangenraum 18 kann sich zum Tank T hin entspannen. Des weiteren ist an die Leckölleitung L ein Druckbegrenzungsventil 50 angeschlossen, das ansonsten an die Anschlußstelle 38 mit dem Speicher 22 angeschlossen ist. Parallel zum Druckbegrenzungsventil verlaufend ist des weiteren eine von Hand betätigbare Absperreinrichtung 52 vorgesehen.The rod space 18 of the working cylinder 10 is connected via a connecting line 43 to the control block 20 and via a further connecting line 44 with a third switching valve 46. Furthermore, the third switching valve 46 is connected to the tank T and can, as the circuit diagram shows, also By actuating the third switching valve 46, this is brought via the control line 48 from its locked position to its open position and the rod chamber 18 can relax to the tank T out. Furthermore, a pressure relief valve 50 is connected to the leak oil line L, which is otherwise connected to the connection point 38 to the memory 22. Running parallel to the pressure relief valve is further provided a manually operable shut-off device 52.

Die genannte Ventilanordnung kann in einem Ventilblock 54 zusammengefaßt sein, wobei an diesen Ventilblock 54 der Arbeitszylinder 10 mit Anschlüssen A,B anschließbar ist. Der Speicher 22 ist über den Anschluß Sp an den Ventilblock 54 anschließbar und zum Ansteuern des ersten Schaltventils 26 mündet eine Steuerleitung des Steuerblocks 20 über den Anschluß VStö in den Ventilblock 54. Ferner sind Anschlüsse T und L für den Anschluß der Tank- bzw. Leckölleitung vorgesehen. Das erste Schaltventil 26 sowie das dritte Schaltventil 46 und das Absperrventil 32 sind als 2/2-Wege-Ventile ausgebildet und in ihrer Grundstellung allesamt sperrend geschaltet. Das zweite Schaltventil 40 besteht aus einem 3/2-Wege-Ventil, das im nicht betätigten Zustand eine fluidführende Verbindung zwischen der Steuerleitung 48 und der Leckölleitung L herstellt. Sowohl das Absperrventil 32 als auch das dritte Schaltventil 56 müssen große Volumenströme beherrschen, wobei der Volumenstrom, der durch das dritte Schaltventil 46 geht, kleiner ist als derjenige, der das Absperrventil 32 passiert. Dies hängt damit zusammen, daß das dritte Schaltventil 46 dem Stangenraum 18 zugeordnet ist und das Absperrventil 32 dem Kolbenraum 16, die bei ihrer Volumenänderung zu unterschiedlichen Volumenströmen führen. Beim Einfahren des Arbeitszylinders 10 steht jedenfalls im dritten Schaltventil 46 nur eine sehr kleine Druckdifferenz zur Verfügung, die kleiner als 1 bar sein kann.Said valve arrangement can be combined in a valve block 54, wherein the working cylinder 10 with terminals A, B can be connected to this valve block 54. The memory 22 is connected via the terminal Sp to the valve block 54 and for driving the first switching valve 26 opens a control line of the control block 20 via the terminal VStö in the valve block 54. Further, terminals T and L for the connection of the tank or leak oil line intended. The first switching valve 26 and the third switching valve 46 and the shut-off valve 32 are designed as 2/2-way valves and connected in their normal position all blocking. The second switching valve 40 consists of a 3/2-way valve, which produces a fluid-conducting connection between the control line 48 and the drain line L in the non-actuated state. Both the shut-off valve 32 and the third switching valve 56 have to control large volume flows, wherein the volume flow passing through the third switching valve 46 is smaller than that which passes through the shut-off valve 32. This is due to the fact that the third switching valve 46 is assigned to the rod chamber 18 and the shut-off valve 32 to the piston chamber 16, which lead in their volume change to different volume flows. When retracting the working cylinder 10 is at least in the third switching valve 46 only a very small pressure difference available, which may be less than 1 bar.

Zum besseren Verständnis der Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Steuervorrichtung wird diese im folgenden anhand einer Funktionsbeschreibung näher erläutert. Dabei ist vorgesehen, daß zum Befüllen der Ladeschaufel sowie bei ihrem Entladen oder, sofern ein Ausleger zu heben oder zu senken ist, die Federung an sich blockiert bleibt. Zum Bewegen der Last 12 über den hydraulischen Arbeitszylinder 10 wird der Steuerblock 20 betätigt und das Steueröl oder der Strom des Pilotventils (VStö) öffnet das erste Schaltventil 26, so daß dergestalt eine fluidführende Verbindung über das sich öffnende Rückschlagventil 28 gegeben ist. Beim Heben der Last 12 wird dabei der Speicher 22 über das genannte Rückschlagventil 28 mit dem maximal im jeweiligen Arbeitstakt auftretenden Druck geladen, so daß der Hebedruck für die Last 12 dem Fülldruck des Speichers 22 entspricht.For a better understanding of the operation of the control device according to the invention, this will be explained in more detail below with reference to a functional description. It is envisaged that for filling the bucket and during unloading or, if a boom is to raise or lower, the suspension itself remains blocked. To move the load 12 over the hydraulic power cylinder 10, the control block 20 is actuated and the control oil or the flow of the pilot valve (VStö) opens the first switching valve 26, so that in such a way a fluid-carrying connection via the opening check valve 28 is given. When lifting the load 12 while the memory 22 is charged via said check valve 28 with the maximum occurring in the respective power stroke pressure, so that the lifting pressure for the load 12 corresponds to the filling pressure of the memory 22.

Zum Fahren mit der Arbeitsmaschine kann nun die Federung aktiviert werden, wobei der Steuerblock 20 auf seine Neutralstellung geschaltet (geschlossen) ist. Nun wird das zweite Schaltventil 40 betätigt, wobei die beiden über die Steuerleitung 48 vorgesteuerten Ventile 32 und 46 mit dem Speicherdruck beaufschlagt werden und dabei öffnen. Das dritte Schaltventil 46 wird dabei geschaltet und verbindet den Stangenraum 18 mit dem Tank T und das weiter geschaltete Absperrventil 32 verbindet den Kolbenraum 16 des Arbeitszylinders 10 mit dem Speicher 22, so daß dergestalt die beschriebene Federung aktiviert ist.For driving with the working machine, the suspension can now be activated, wherein the control block 20 is switched to its neutral position (closed). Now, the second switching valve 40 is actuated, wherein the two pre-controlled via the control line 48 valves 32 and 46 are acted upon by the accumulator pressure and thereby open. The third switching valve 46 is thereby switched and connects the rod chamber 18 with the tank T and the further connected shut-off valve 32 connects the piston chamber 16 of the working cylinder 10 with the memory 22, so that the described suspension is activated.

Zur Deaktivierung der beschriebenen Federung wird wiederum das zweite Schaltventil 40 betätigt, so daß die Vorsteuerleitungen 48 der Ventile 32 und 46 mit der Tankleitung verbunden sind. Mithin schließen sich die genannten Ventile 32 und 46, wobei der Speicher 22 geladen bleibt und die Federung blockiert ist. Bei blockierter Federung kann nun die Ladeschaufel in das Ladegut, beispielsweise in Form von Schotter, hineinfahren, wobei die in den Hubzylindern 10 möglicherweise entstehenden hohen Drücke nicht in schädigender Weise an den Speicher 22 weitergegeben werden, da das als Schieberventil ausgebildete erste Schaltventil 26 in diesem Moment geschlossen bleibt und somit die fluidführende Verbindung über die Fülleitung 24 unterbricht. Da die Federung an sich nur im Fahrbetrieb sinnvoll ist, wird sie im wesentlichen auch nur für den Fahrbetrieb aktiviert und über die erfindungsgemäße Steuervorrichtung ist sichergestellt, daß die Federung daß die Federung dann blockiert ist, wenn durch Druckspitzen bei der Lasteinleitung der Speicher 22 überlastet werden könnte oder wenn das mittels des Arbeitszylinders 10 betätigbare Arbeitswerkzeug (Ladeschaufel) mit oder ohne Last einen Arbeitszustand einnimmt, bei dem eine möglicherweise durch Zuschalten des Speichers 22 entstehender ungewollter Bewegungsvorgang (Anheben eines Auslegers od. dgl.) gefährlich werden könnte.In order to deactivate the described suspension, in turn, the second switching valve 40 is actuated, so that the pilot control lines 48 of the valves 32 and 46 are connected to the tank line. Thus, the said valves 32 and 46 close, the memory 22 remains charged and the suspension is blocked. When the suspension is blocked, the loading shovel can now move into the load, for example in the form of ballast, whereby the high pressures possibly arising in the lifting cylinders 10 are not passed on to the accumulator 22 in a damaging manner, since the first switching valve 26 designed as a slide valve is in this position Moment remains closed and thus interrupts the fluid-conducting connection via the filling line 24. Since the suspension only makes sense when driving, it is essentially activated only for driving and the control device according to the invention ensures that the suspension that the suspension is then blocked when the memory 22 could be overloaded by pressure peaks in the load application or when the working cylinder (loading bucket) actuated by the working cylinder (bucket) with or without load occupies a working state, in which a possibly resulting from switching of the memory 22 unwanted Moving operation (lifting a boom or the like.) Could be dangerous.

Claims (7)

  1. Working machine with control means, with at least one working tool (12), especially a loading bucket that can be activated via at least one hydraulic working cylinder (10), with a control block (20) for controlling the pressure medium paths between the working cylinder (10), a pressure medium supply (P), and a tank (T), with at least one hydraulic store (22), and with a shut-off valve (32) located between the working cylinder (10) and the store (22), comprising a controllable valve member (34) that is switched into its flow position for switching the store (22) for damping the movement of the working cylinder (10), whereby a switching valve (26) that can be controlled by the control block (20) is switched in the fill line (24) of the hydraulic store (22), the same blocking the fill line (24) in its non-activated condition, and whereby the shut-off valve (32) is switched in an auxiliary branch line (30) connected with the fill line (24), being subjected to store pressure in an opening direction, and not subjected to the same in the closing direction, characterised in that the piston chamber (16) and the rod chamber (18) of the working cylinder (10) are connected with the control block (20) in a fluid conveying way, and in that the piston chamber (16) is connected with the fill line (24) in a fluid conveying way.
  2. Working machine according to Claim 1, characterised in that the switching valve (26) and the shut-off valve (32) are connected in the fill (24), i.e. auxiliary branch line (30) parallel with each other, and in that the auxiliary branch line (30) opens out into the fill line (24) in the relevant fluid direction prior to and after the switching valve (26) with its two free ends.
  3. Working machine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a non-return valve (28) opening in the direction of the store (22) is arranged in the fill line (24) between the switching valve (26) and the store (22).
  4. Working machine according to one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a further switching valve (40) is connected with the auxiliary branch line (30) between the store (22) and the shut-off valve (32), the same bringing the valve member (34) of the shut-off valve (32) into its open position in an activated condition.
  5. Working machine according to one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the rod chamber (18) can be connected with the tank (T) by means of a third switching valve (46) which is connected with the rod chamber (18) of the working cylinder (10) in a fluid conveying way.
  6. Working machine according to Claim 5, characterised in that the third switching valve (46) can be controlled by the second switching valve (40) at the same time as the shut-off valve (32) and switched into its flow position.
  7. Working machine according to one of the Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the fill line (24) connected with the store (10) is secured by means of a pressure limiting valve (50) connected to a tank line (T).
EP02735426A 2001-10-04 2002-06-27 Control device Expired - Fee Related EP1432878B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10148962A DE10148962C1 (en) 2001-10-04 2001-10-04 Hydraulic control device for digger or excavator has control block controlling switching valve in filling line and controlled valve in bypass line damping movement of hydraulic cylinders
DE10148962 2001-10-04
PCT/EP2002/007090 WO2003031734A1 (en) 2001-10-04 2002-06-27 Control device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1432878A1 EP1432878A1 (en) 2004-06-30
EP1432878B1 true EP1432878B1 (en) 2006-07-12

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EP02735426A Expired - Fee Related EP1432878B1 (en) 2001-10-04 2002-06-27 Control device

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US (1) US7117670B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1432878B1 (en)
DE (2) DE10148962C1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003031734A1 (en)

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DE102014000696A1 (en) * 2014-01-14 2015-07-16 Hydac System Gmbh Device for locking and for pressure adjustment
JP6932635B2 (en) * 2017-12-28 2021-09-08 日立建機株式会社 Work vehicle

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DE10148962C1 (en) 2003-02-27
WO2003031734A1 (en) 2003-04-17
EP1432878A1 (en) 2004-06-30
US7117670B2 (en) 2006-10-10
US20040134191A1 (en) 2004-07-15
DE50207525D1 (en) 2006-08-24

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