EP1432835A2 - Method and system for thermal treatment of rails - Google Patents

Method and system for thermal treatment of rails

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Publication number
EP1432835A2
EP1432835A2 EP02777151A EP02777151A EP1432835A2 EP 1432835 A2 EP1432835 A2 EP 1432835A2 EP 02777151 A EP02777151 A EP 02777151A EP 02777151 A EP02777151 A EP 02777151A EP 1432835 A2 EP1432835 A2 EP 1432835A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
rail
rail head
thermal treatment
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02777151A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1432835B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Küppers
Meinert Meyer
Thomas Nerzak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMS Group GmbH
Original Assignee
SMS Meer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMS Meer GmbH filed Critical SMS Meer GmbH
Publication of EP1432835A2 publication Critical patent/EP1432835A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1432835B1 publication Critical patent/EP1432835B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/84—Controlled slow cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009—Pearlite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a system for the thermal treatment of rails, in particular of hot-rolled track or railroad tracks with profile parts of different masses, the rails being removed from the rolling heat by targeted thermal treatment and cooling in the profile parts in the profile area, in particular in the rail head, obtain a desired structure with increased strength.
  • the rolling stock has an average temperature of at most 1100 ° C., but at least 750 ° C. is just aligned, then brought in the transverse direction and cooled in a first cooling section with the same local cooling intensity to a temperature between 860 ° C to 5 to 120 ° C above the Ar temperature, then in a second cooling step with the same, seen in cross section with circumferentially Different cooling intensity, depending on the volume fraction based on the surface, extracts heat from the rolling stock in the longitudinal direction, thereby creating a structural transformation into a martensite-free, fine pearlitic structure, after which the cooling to room temperature is continued in a subsequent step with the same local cooling intensity.
  • the cooling section would have to be operated with a significantly lower heat flow density, or the heat transfer coefficient to be set would have to be set approximately 30 to 40% lower in order to avoid the formation of bainite in the edge zones of the rail head. This would then result in a considerably longer time, a larger lamella spacing and, associated with this, lower hardness values in the pearlite structure for the core area.
  • the targeted pre-cooling to a core temperature of the rail head of 750 to 850 ° C can be carried out according to the invention by cooling in air with natural convection or forced with the help of fans.
  • nozzles it is also possible to use nozzles to cool with a water-air mixture (aerosol cooling), this cooling preferably being carried out on a cross tractor with a corresponding number of berths.
  • the surface temperature is measured, for example, at the center of the rail head without contact using a pyrometer.
  • the peripheral zone temperature determined here is then, depending on the type of cooling and intensity, approx. 30 to 60 ° C below the core temperature still present.
  • the temperature of the rail head is during the entire thermal treatment, starting from the entry into the pre-cooling device until it leaves the finished cooling device measured.
  • the measured values are fed into a measuring and control device and are used to control the individual process steps to be carried out, including the heating upstream of the final cooling.
  • a pre-cooling device which allows a targeted cooling of the rail from the rolling heat to a core temperature of the rail head of 750 to 850 ° C
  • a heating device directly upstream of the finished cooling device for example one or more induction coils which are traversed by the rail,
  • a pre-cooling device for example a water cooling section, in which the rail is cooled with such a high heat flow density that the shortest possible t 8/5 time (cooling time of 800 to 500 ° C in the ZTU diagram) is achieved for the core zone.
  • the cooling devices for pre- and finished cooling as well as the heating or heating device for intermediate heating are connected to a measuring and regulating device, into which the temperature measurements, in particular of the rail head, flow and which controls the entire thermal treatment accordingly, in order to set and maintain the desired temperatures or cooling and heating conditions.
  • a schematic system for thermal treatment after the rolling process of an exemplary rail is shown below in schematic drawing figures.
  • Fig. 2 shows a thermal treatment plant as a flow diagram.
  • FIG. 1 the cross section of a rail 1 is shown.
  • the rail 1 consists of profile parts of different masses, the rail head 2 with edge zone 5 and core zone 6, the middle part 3 and the rail foot 4.
  • the edge zone 5 of the rail head 2 is shown in broken lines in FIG. 1; it is the area which is to be converted primarily by targeted thermal treatment into a fine-lamellar periite structure, without 5 bainite being formed during the thermal treatment in this peripheral zone or in this area.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic system 10 for carrying out the thermal treatment according to the invention.
  • the system 10 consists of a pre-cooling device 12, preferably an inductive heating device 13 and a pre-cooling device 14, which are arranged one after the other in the rolling line xx behind the last rolling stand 11, and which are passed through by the rail 1 after they exit the rolling stand 11.
  • the control of the thermal treatment - comprising the intensity of the cooling or heating as well as the throughput speed through the individual system parts 12, 13, 14, is carried out as a function of the temperature measured in each case by a measuring and regulating device 15, which is connected via corresponding lines 16, 17, 18 for the Temperature measured values and the control signals are connected to the respective system parts 12, 13, 14.
  • thermal treatment system can of course be varied as much as possible depending on the type and size of the rails and the type of pre-cooling and finishing cooling selected and the scope of the measuring and control device, provided that the process steps according to the invention arranged in succession are fully maintained.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Abstract

In order to obtain a fine-lamellar perlite structure in the edge region of the heads of rails ( 1 ), especially hot-rolled rails for carriageways or railways, by specific thermal treatment during cooling from the rolling heat without the formation of bainite, precooling ( 12 ) occurs in order to achieve a core temperature of approximately 750-850° C., and the temperature of the more intensively cooled edge region is raised by intermediate heating ( 13 ) to at least said core temperature and finally cooled ( 14 ).

Description

Verfahren und Anlage zur thermischen Behandlung von Schienen Process and plant for the thermal treatment of rails
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zur thermischen Behandlung von Schienen, insbesondere von warmgewalzten Fahr- bzw. Eisenbahnschienen mit Profilteilen unterschiedlicher Masse, wobei die Schienen aus der Walzhitze durch eine gezielte thermische Behandlung und Kühlung im der Profilteile im Profilbereich, insbesondere im Schienenkopf, ein gewünschtes Gefüge mit erhöhter Festigkeit erhalten.The invention relates to a method and a system for the thermal treatment of rails, in particular of hot-rolled track or railroad tracks with profile parts of different masses, the rails being removed from the rolling heat by targeted thermal treatment and cooling in the profile parts in the profile area, in particular in the rail head, obtain a desired structure with increased strength.
Es ist bekannt, Schienen aus der Walzhitze bis auf Temperaturen unterhalb 80° auf Kühlbetten abzukühlen. Wegen der asymmetrischen Anordnung der Massen aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Profilteile der Schienen ergibt sich zwischen Kopf und Fuß der Schienen ein unterschiedliches Abkühiverhalten. Der Fuß kühlt sich schneller ab als der Kopf, woraus resultiert, dass sich die Schiene beim Erkalten krümmt. Durch Vorbiegen der noch heißen Schiene oder durch einen unterschiedlichen Abkühiprozess für Kopf und Fuß kann dieser Krümmung vorgebeugt werden. Durch das Vorbiegen oder durch den differenzierten Kühlprozess werden jedoch Eigenspannungen in der Schiene erzeugt, die deren mechanische Eigenschaften und damit die Lebensdauer nachteilig beeinflussen.It is known to cool rails from the rolling heat to temperatures below 80 ° on cooling beds. Because of the asymmetrical arrangement of the masses due to the different profile parts of the rails, there is a different cooling behavior between the head and foot of the rails. The foot cools down faster than the head, which means that the splint bends when it cools down. This curvature can be prevented by bending the still hot rail or by a different cooling process for head and foot. However, the pre-bending or the differentiated cooling process creates residual stresses in the rail, which adversely affect its mechanical properties and thus the service life.
Um ein gleichmäßiges Abkühlen von Fuß und Kopf der Schiene zu gewährleisten, wird deshalb in der DE 42 37 991 A1 vorgeschlagen, die Schiene mit dem Kopf nach unten hängend über das Kühlbett zu transportieren, und weitergehend in der US-PS 468 788, die nach unten hängenden Schienenköpfe in ein mit Wasser gefülltes Becken ganz oder teilweise einzutauchen, wobei sie gleichzeitig mittels Druckschrauben gegen ein festes Widerlager gedrückt werden.In order to ensure a uniform cooling of the foot and head of the rail, it is therefore proposed in DE 42 37 991 A1 to transport the rail with the head hanging down over the cooling bed, and further in US Pat. No. 468,788, which follows completely or partially immerse the rail heads hanging below in a pool filled with water, at the same time pressing them against a fixed abutment using pressure screws.
Die bei der Abkühlung stattfindenden Gefügeumwandlungen werden in der EP 0 693 562 B1 beschrieben, wobei vorgeschlagen wird, dass das Walzgut mit einer durchschnittlichen Temperatur von höchstens 1100°C, mindestens jedoch 750°C gerade ausgerichtet wird, dann in Querrichtung gebracht und in einem ersten Kühlabschnitt mit gleicher örtlicher Kühlintensität auf eine Temperatur zwischen 860°C bis 5 bis 120°C über der Ar-Temperatur gekühlt, danach in einem zweiten Abkühlschritt mit gleicher, im Querschnitt gesehen mit umfänglich unterschiedlicher Kühlintensität, je nach Volumenanteil bezogen auf die Oberfläche, dem Walzgut in Längsrichtung Wärme entzogen und dadurch eine Gefügeumwandlung in eine martensitfreie feinperlitische Struktur erzeugt wird, wonach in einem Folgeschritt wieder mit gleicher örtlicher Kühlintensität die Abkühlung bis Raumtemperatur fortgesetzt wird.The structural changes that take place during cooling are described in EP 0 693 562 B1, it being proposed that the rolling stock has an average temperature of at most 1100 ° C., but at least 750 ° C. is just aligned, then brought in the transverse direction and cooled in a first cooling section with the same local cooling intensity to a temperature between 860 ° C to 5 to 120 ° C above the Ar temperature, then in a second cooling step with the same, seen in cross section with circumferentially Different cooling intensity, depending on the volume fraction based on the surface, extracts heat from the rolling stock in the longitudinal direction, thereby creating a structural transformation into a martensite-free, fine pearlitic structure, after which the cooling to room temperature is continued in a subsequent step with the same local cooling intensity.
Aus der DE-C-30 06 695 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei welchem die Abkühlung durch einen Zwischenschritt mit Wiederaufheizen unterbrochen und in dem zunächst durch Abkühlung der Schienen aus der Walzhitze im gesamten Querschnitt eine Umwandlung bewirkt, wonach der Schienenkopf, insbesondere durch induktive Erwärmung, reaustenitisiert und daran anschließend weiter gekühlt wird. Als Ergebnis erhält man ein feinlamellares perlitisches Gefüge, es besteht jedoch die Gefahr der Bildung unerwünschter Anteile an Bainit und Martensit im Gefüge.From DE-C-30 06 695 a method is known in which the cooling is interrupted by an intermediate step with re-heating and in which the entire cross-section is initially brought about by cooling the rails from the rolling heat, after which the rail head, in particular by inductive heating , reaustenitized and then further cooled. The result is a fine-lamellar pearlitic structure, but there is a risk of undesirable proportions of bainite and martensite in the structure.
Um dieses. zu vermeiden, wird in der EP 0 187 904 B1 neben dem Zusatz verschiedener Legierungsstoffe verfahrensmäßig vorgeschlagen, den Schienenkopf zunächst im Durchlauf in hinreichender Tiefe bis zu 50 mm mittels Brenner oder induktiv auf eine Austenitisierungstemperatur von 950 bis 1050°C aufzuheizen, anschließend mit Pressluft den Schienenkopf in einer ersten Abkühlstufe innerhalb von 10 bis 20 Sekunden auf 650 bis 600°C vor den Bereich der Perlitumwandlung zu kühlen und in einer zweiten Abkühlstufe mit gegenüber. der ersten Stufe gedrosselter Luftmenge innerhalb von 2 bis 4 Minuten auf ca. 400°C bis zur Beendigung der Perlitumwandlung unter Bildung eines feinlamellaren perlitischen Gefü- ges abzukühlen. Anschließend wird der Schienenkopf erneut auf 600 bis 650°C für einen Zeitraum von 4 bis 6 Minuten erwärmt und sodann schnell auf unter 100°C abgeschreckt. Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Anlage anzugeben, durch die eine gezielte thermische Behandlung speziell während der Abkühlung des Schienenkopfes ermöglicht und mit einfachen Mitteln ein Gefüge erzeugt wird, das einen feinlamellaren Perlit aufweist, der sich durch ein bestimmtes Härteniveau und damit verbunden durch eine hohe Verschleissfestigkeit auszeichnet und wobei während des Abkühlvorgangs insbesondere in den Randzonen des Schienenkopfes kein Bainit entsteht.To this. To avoid, in EP 0 187 904 B1, in addition to the addition of various alloying substances, it is procedurally proposed to first heat the rail head to a sufficient depth of up to 50 mm by means of a burner or inductively to an austenitizing temperature of 950 to 1050 ° C, then using compressed air To cool the rail head in a first cooling stage within 10 to 20 seconds to 650 to 600 ° C before the area of the pearlite transformation and in a second cooling stage with opposite. in the first stage, reduce the amount of air throttled to approx. 400 ° C within 2 to 4 minutes until the pearlite transformation has ended, forming a fine-lamellar pearlitic structure. The rail head is then heated again to 600 to 650 ° C for a period of 4 to 6 minutes and then quickly quenched to below 100 ° C. Starting from this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a method and a system by means of which a targeted thermal treatment is made possible, in particular during the cooling of the rail head, and a structure is produced with simple means, which has a fine-lamellar pearlite which is characterized by a certain level of hardness and associated with a high wear resistance and during the cooling process no bainite is formed, especially in the edge zones of the rail head.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird verfahrensmäßig bei Schienen der vorstehend genannten Art durch die Maßnahmen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst, die gekennzeichnet sind durch die hintereinander angeordneten Verfahrensschritte:The task is solved procedurally for rails of the aforementioned type by the measures of claim 1, which are characterized by the process steps arranged one behind the other:
a) Gezieltes Vorkühlen der Schiene aus der Walzhitze auf eine Kerntemperatur des Schienenkopfes von 750 bis 850°C,a) Targeted pre-cooling of the rail from the rolling heat to a core temperature of the rail head of 750 to 850 ° C,
b) Aufheizen der Randzone des Schienenkopfes auf mindestens Kerntemperatur,b) heating the edge zone of the rail head to at least core temperature,
c) Fertigkühlen der Schiene mit so hoher Wärmestromdichte, dass für die Kernzone des Schienenkopfes eine möglichst kurze t8/5-Zeit (Abkühlzeit von 800 bis 500°C im ZTU-Schaubild) erreicht wird.c) Final cooling of the rail with such a high heat flow density that the shortest possible t 8/5 time (cooling time of 800 to 500 ° C in the CTU diagram) is achieved for the core zone of the rail head.
Durch diese erfindungsgemäß durchgeführten Verfahrensschritte mit zunächst gezielter Kühlung und daran anschließendem Wiederaufheizen, durch das die abgekühlten Randzonen mindestens wieder auf die Kerntemperatur aufgeheizt werden, wird es möglich, in der direkt anschließenden Kühlstrecke eine hohe Wärmestromdichte für die Schienen einzustellen, ohne die Randzonen unter die Bai- nit-Starttemperatur zu kühlen. Dabei kann gleichzeitig sichergestellt werden, dass für die Kernzone eine möglichst kurze t8/5~Zeit erreicht wird.. Dies bedeutet insbesondere, dass der gesamte Schienenkopf gerade so schnell in die Umwandlungszone gekühlt wird, dass das gewünschte feinlamellare Perlitgefüge erzeugt wird. Eine zwischenzeitliche Unterkühlung der Randzone und eine dortige vorzeitige Umwandlung wird somit verhindert und die Entstehung von Bainit vermieden. Gleichzeitig wird das Temperaturprofil des Schienenkopfes vor Eintritt in die abschließende Kühlstrecke homogenisiert, so dass auch die Kernzone des Schienenkopfes in ein ähnlich feinlamellares perlitisches Gefüge wie in der Randzone umgewandelt wird.Through these method steps carried out according to the invention with initially targeted cooling and subsequent reheating, by means of which the cooled edge zones are at least heated up again to the core temperature, it is possible to set a high heat flow density for the rails in the directly following cooling section without the edge zones under the bay - to cool the nit start temperature. It can be ensuring that for the core zone shortest possible t 8/5 ~ time is reached. , This means in particular that the entire rail head is cooled into the conversion zone just so quickly that the desired fine-lamellar pearlite structure is produced. Intermediate hypothermia in the marginal zone and premature conversion there are thus prevented and the formation of bainite is avoided. At the same time, the temperature profile of the rail head is homogenized before entering the final cooling section, so that the core zone of the rail head is also converted into a similarly fine-lamellar pearlitic structure as in the peripheral zone.
Ohne die erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensweise müsste die Kühlstrecke mit einer deutlich geringeren Wärmestromdichte betrieben werden, bzw. die einzustellende Wärmeübergangszahl wäre ca. 30 bis 40 % niedriger anzusetzen, um die Bainit- Bildung in den Randzonen des Schienenkopfes zu vermeiden. Hierdurch würden sich dann für den Kernbereich eine erheblich längere -Zeit, ein größerer Lamellenabstand und damit verbunden geringere Härtewerte im Perlitgefüge ergeben.Without the procedure according to the invention, the cooling section would have to be operated with a significantly lower heat flow density, or the heat transfer coefficient to be set would have to be set approximately 30 to 40% lower in order to avoid the formation of bainite in the edge zones of the rail head. This would then result in a considerably longer time, a larger lamella spacing and, associated with this, lower hardness values in the pearlite structure for the core area.
Das gezielte Vorkühlen auf eine Kerntemperatur des Schienenkopfes von 750 bis 850°C kann gemäß der Erfindung durch Abkühlen an Luft mit natürlicher Konvek- tion oder forciert mit Hilfe von Ventilatoren erfolgen. Es ist aber auch möglich, mit Hilfe von Düsen mit einem Wasser-Luft-Gemisch (Aerosol-Kühlung) zu kühlen, wobei diese Kühlung vorzugsweise auf einem Querschlepper mit entsprechender Anzahl von Liegeplätzen vorgenommen wird.The targeted pre-cooling to a core temperature of the rail head of 750 to 850 ° C can be carried out according to the invention by cooling in air with natural convection or forced with the help of fans. However, it is also possible to use nozzles to cool with a water-air mixture (aerosol cooling), this cooling preferably being carried out on a cross tractor with a corresponding number of berths.
Während des Abkühlvorgangs wird die Oberflächentemperatur beispielsweise an der Schienenkopfmitte berührungslos mit Hilfe eines Pyrometers gemessen. Die hier ermittelte Randzonentemperatur liegt dann je nach der Abkühlart und Intensität ca. 30 bis 60°C unterhalb der noch vorhandenen Kerntemperatur.During the cooling process, the surface temperature is measured, for example, at the center of the rail head without contact using a pyrometer. The peripheral zone temperature determined here is then, depending on the type of cooling and intensity, approx. 30 to 60 ° C below the core temperature still present.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Temperatur des Schienenkopfes während der gesamten thermischen Behandlung, ausgehend vom Eintritt in die Vorkühleinrichtung bis zum Verlassen der Fertigkühleinrichtung gemessen. Die gemessenen Werte werden in eine Mess- und Regeleinrichtung eingespeist und dienen zur Steuerung der einzelnen durchzuführenden Verfahrensschritte, einschließlich der der Fertigkühlung vorgeschalteten Aufheizung.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the temperature of the rail head is during the entire thermal treatment, starting from the entry into the pre-cooling device until it leaves the finished cooling device measured. The measured values are fed into a measuring and control device and are used to control the individual process steps to be carried out, including the heating upstream of the final cooling.
Eine Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist gekennzeichnet durch die nachfolgenden Anlagenteile:A system for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized by the following system parts:
a) eine Vorkühleinrichtung, die eine gezielte Abkühlung der Schiene aus der Walzhitze auf eine Kerntemperatur des Schienenkopfes von 750 bis 850°C erlaubt,a) a pre-cooling device, which allows a targeted cooling of the rail from the rolling heat to a core temperature of the rail head of 750 to 850 ° C,
b) eine unmittelbar der Fertigkühleinrichtung vorgeordnete Erwärmungsvorrichtung, beispielsweise eine oder mehrere Induktionsspulen, die von der Schiene durchlaufen werden,b) a heating device directly upstream of the finished cooling device, for example one or more induction coils which are traversed by the rail,
c) eine Fertigkühleinrichtung, beispielsweise eine Wasserkühlstrecke, in der die Schiene mit so hoher Wärmestromdichte gekühlt wird, dass für die Kemzone eine möglichst kurze t8/5-Zeit (Abkühlzeit von 800 bis 500°C im ZTU-Schaubild) erreicht wird.c) a pre-cooling device, for example a water cooling section, in which the rail is cooled with such a high heat flow density that the shortest possible t 8/5 time (cooling time of 800 to 500 ° C in the ZTU diagram) is achieved for the core zone.
Entsprechend einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung stehen die Kühleinrichtungen zur Vor- und Fertigkühlung sowie die Erwärmungs- bzw. Aufheizvorrichtung zur Zwischenaufheizung mit einer Mess- und Regeleinrichtung in Verbindung, in die die Temperaturmesswerte, insbesondere des Schienenkopfes einfließen und die die gesamte thermische Behandlung entsprechend steuert, um die gewünschten Temperaturen bzw. Abkühl- und Aufheizbedingungen einzustellen und einzuhalten. Eine schematisierte Anlage zur thermischen Behandlung nach dem Walzprozess einer beispielhaften Schiene ist nachfolgend in schematischen Zeichnungsfiguren dargestellt.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cooling devices for pre- and finished cooling as well as the heating or heating device for intermediate heating are connected to a measuring and regulating device, into which the temperature measurements, in particular of the rail head, flow and which controls the entire thermal treatment accordingly, in order to set and maintain the desired temperatures or cooling and heating conditions. A schematic system for thermal treatment after the rolling process of an exemplary rail is shown below in schematic drawing figures.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig.1 eine Schiene in Querschnitt,1 shows a rail in cross section,
Fig. 2 eine thermische Behandlungsanlage als Ablaufschema.Fig. 2 shows a thermal treatment plant as a flow diagram.
In Figur 1 ist der Querschnitt einer Schiene 1 dargestellt. Die Schiene 1 besteht aus Profilteilen unterschiedlicher Masse, dem Schienenkopf 2 mit Randzone 5 und Kernzone 6, dem Mittelteil 3 und dem Schienenfuß 4. Die Randzone 5 des Schienenkopfes 2 ist in Fig. 1 gestrichelt dargestellt; es ist der Bereich, der primär durch gezielte thermische Behandlung in ein feinlamellares Periitgefuge umgewandelt werden soll, ohne dass bei der thermischen Behandlung in dieser Randzone bzw. in diesen Bereich 5 Bainit entsteht.In Figure 1, the cross section of a rail 1 is shown. The rail 1 consists of profile parts of different masses, the rail head 2 with edge zone 5 and core zone 6, the middle part 3 and the rail foot 4. The edge zone 5 of the rail head 2 is shown in broken lines in FIG. 1; it is the area which is to be converted primarily by targeted thermal treatment into a fine-lamellar periite structure, without 5 bainite being formed during the thermal treatment in this peripheral zone or in this area.
In Figur 2 ist eine schematisierte Anlage 10 zur Durchführung der thermischen Behandlung nach der Erfindung dargestellt. Die Anlage 10 besteht - in der Walzlinie x-x hinter dem letzten Walzgerüst 11 hintereinander angeordnet - aus einer Vorkühleinrichtung 12, einer vorzugsweise induktiven Aufheizvorrichtung 13 und einer Fertigkühleinrichtung 14, die von der Schiene 1 nach ihrem Austritt aus dem Walzgerüst 11 nacheinander durchlaufen werden. Die Steuerung der thermischen Behandlung - umfassend die Intensität der Kühlung bzw. der Aufheizung sowie die Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit durch die einzelnen Anlagenteile 12, 13, 14, geschieht in Abhängigkeit von der jeweils gemessenen Temperatur durch eine Mess- und Regeleinrichtung 15, die über entsprechende Leitungen 16, 17, 18 für die Temperaturmesswerte und die Steuersignale mit den jeweiligen Anlagenteilen 12, 13, 14 verbunden sind.FIG. 2 shows a schematic system 10 for carrying out the thermal treatment according to the invention. The system 10 consists of a pre-cooling device 12, preferably an inductive heating device 13 and a pre-cooling device 14, which are arranged one after the other in the rolling line xx behind the last rolling stand 11, and which are passed through by the rail 1 after they exit the rolling stand 11. The control of the thermal treatment - comprising the intensity of the cooling or heating as well as the throughput speed through the individual system parts 12, 13, 14, is carried out as a function of the temperature measured in each case by a measuring and regulating device 15, which is connected via corresponding lines 16, 17, 18 for the Temperature measured values and the control signals are connected to the respective system parts 12, 13, 14.
Das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel einer thermischen Behandlungsanlage kann selbstverständlich je nach Art und Größe der Schienen sowie der Art der gewählten Vor - und Fertigkühlung sowie dem Umfang der Mess- und Regeleinrichtung weitestgehend variiert werden, wenn die Einhaltung der hintereinander angeordneten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensschritte voll inhaltlich gewahrt bleibt. The illustrated embodiment of a thermal treatment system can of course be varied as much as possible depending on the type and size of the rails and the type of pre-cooling and finishing cooling selected and the scope of the measuring and control device, provided that the process steps according to the invention arranged in succession are fully maintained.
Bezugszeichen listeReference numerals list
Schienerail
Schienenkopfrailhead
Mittelteilmidsection
Schienenfußrail
Randzoneborder zone
Kernzonecore zone
thermische Behandlungsanlagethermal treatment plant
Walzgerüstrolling mill
Vorkühleinrichtungprecooling
Aufheizvorrichtungheating device
FertigkühleinrichtungFinish cooling device
Regeleinrichtungcontrol device
Leitungmanagement
Leitungmanagement
Leitung management

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Schienen (1), insbesondere von warmgewalzten Fahr- bzw. Eisenbahnschienen mit Profilteilen unterschiedlicher Masse, wobei die Schienen (1) aus der Walzhitze durch eine gezielte thermische Behandlung und Kühlung der Profilteile im Profilbereich, insbesondere im Schienenkopf (2), ein gewünschtes Gefüge mit erhöhter Festigkeit erhalten, gekennzeichnet durch die hintereinander angeordneten Verfahrensschritte:1. A method for the thermal treatment of rails (1), in particular of hot-rolled track or railroad tracks with profile parts of different masses, the rails (1) being removed from the rolling heat by targeted thermal treatment and cooling of the profile parts in the profile area, in particular in the rail head ( 2), obtain a desired structure with increased strength, characterized by the process steps arranged one behind the other:
a) Gezieltes Vorkühlen der Schiene (1) aus der Walzhitze auf eine Kerntemperatur des Schienenkopfes (2) von 750 - 850°C,a) Precise pre-cooling of the rail (1) from the rolling heat to a core temperature of the rail head (2) of 750 - 850 ° C,
b) Aufheizen der Randzone (5) des Schienenkopfes (2) auf mindestens Kerntemperatur,b) heating the edge zone (5) of the rail head (2) to at least core temperature,
c) Fertigkühlen der Schiene (1 ) mit so hoher Wärmestromdichte, dass für die Kernzone (6) des Schienenkopfes (2) eine möglichst kurze t8/5-Zeit (Abkühlzeit von 800 bis 500°C im ZTU-Schaubild) erreicht wird.c) Final cooling of the rail (1) with such a high heat flow density that the shortest possible t 8/5 time (cooling time of 800 to 500 ° C in the CTU diagram) is achieved for the core zone (6) of the rail head (2).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass beim Fertigkühlen der gesamte Schienenkopf (2) gerade so schnell durch die Umwandlungszone gekühlt wird, dass ein gewünschtes feinlamellares Periitgefuge erzeugt wird, ohne dabei die Randzone (5) unter die Bainit-Starttemperatur zu kühlen.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the final cooling, the entire rail head (2) is cooled just as quickly through the conversion zone that a desired fine-lamellar periite structure is produced without cooling the edge zone (5) below the bainite starting temperature ,
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorkühlung der Schiene (1) je nach der Schienenquerschnittsgröße mit Luft durch natürliche Konvektionskühlung oder forciert mit Hilfe von Ventilatoren oder aber über Düsen mit einem Wasser-Luftgemisch (Aerosol-Kühlung) erfolgt. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pre-cooling of the rail (1) depending on the rail cross-section size with air by natural convection cooling or forced by means of fans or via nozzles with a water-air mixture (aerosol cooling) ,
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Abkühlvorgangs der Vorkühlung die Oberflächentemperatur - vorzugsweise an der Schienenkopfmitte - berührungslos, beispielsweise mit einem Pyrometer gemessen wird.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that during the cooling process of the pre-cooling, the surface temperature - preferably at the middle of the rail head - is measured without contact, for example with a pyrometer.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich zur Temperaturmessung während der Vorkühlung die Oberflächentemperatur - vorzugsweise an der Schienenkopfmitte - auch während des Aufheizens und des Fertigkühlens gemessen wird.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that in addition to the temperature measurement during the pre-cooling, the surface temperature - preferably at the middle of the rail head - is also measured during the heating and the final cooling.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gemessenen Temperaturwerte mit Hilfe einer Mess- und Regeleinrichtung (15) zur Steuerung des zeitlichen Verlaufs und der Intensität der gesamten thermischen Behandlung der Schiene (1) für die einzelnen Verfahrensschritte verwendet werden.6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the measured temperature values with the aid of a measuring and control device (15) for controlling the time profile and the intensity of the entire thermal treatment of the rail (1) are used for the individual method steps.
7. Anlage (10) zur thermischen Behandlung von Schienen (1), insbesondere von warmgewalzten Fahr- bzw. Eisenbahnschienen mit Profilteilen unterschiedlicher Masse, wobei die Schienen (1 ) aus der Walzhitze durch eine gezielte thermische Behandlung und Kühlung der Profilteile im Profilbereich, insbesondere im Schienenkopf (2), ein gewünschtes Gefüge mit erhöhter Festigkeit erhalten, zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch7. System (10) for the thermal treatment of rails (1), in particular of hot-rolled travel or railroad tracks with profile parts of different masses, the rails (1) from the rolling heat by targeted thermal treatment and cooling of the profile parts in the profile area, in particular in the rail head (2), to obtain a desired structure with increased strength, for carrying out the method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by
a) eine Vorkühleinrichtung (12), die eine gezielte Abkühlung der Schiene (1) aus der Walzhitze auf eine Kerntemperatur des Schienenkopfes (2) von 750 - 850°C erlaubt, b) eine unmittelbar der Fertigkühleinrichtung (14) vorgeordnete Erwärmungsvorrichtung (13), beispielsweise eine oder mehrere Induktionsspulen, die von der Schiene (1) durchlaufen werden,a) a pre-cooling device (12) which allows a targeted cooling of the rail (1) from the rolling heat to a core temperature of the rail head (2) of 750-850 ° C, b) a heating device (13) arranged directly upstream of the finished cooling device (14), for example one or more induction coils, through which the rail (1) passes,
c) eine Fertigkühleinrichtung (14), beispielsweise eine Wasserkühlstrecke, in der die Schiene (1) mit so hoher Wärmestromdichte gekühlt wird, dass für die Kernzone (6) eine möglichst kurze t8/5-Zeit (Abkühlzeit von 800 bis 500°C im ZTU-Schaubild) erreicht wird.c) a ready-cooling device (14), for example a water cooling line in which the rail (is 1) cooled with such a high heat flow density that for the core zone (as short as possible t 6) 8/5 time (cooling time from 800 to 500 ° C in the ZTU diagram).
8. Anlage (10) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühleinrichtungen (12, 14) zur Vor- und Fertigkühlung und die Erwärmungsvorrichtung (13) jeweils mit einer Mess- und Regeleinrichtung (15), in die die Temperaturwerte des Schienenkopfes (2) während der verschiedenen Verfahrensschritte der gesamten thermischen Behandlung einfließen, in Verbindung stehen und von dieser gesteuert und geregelt werden. 8. System (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that the cooling devices (12, 14) for pre- and final cooling and the heating device (13) each with a measuring and control device (15) into which the temperature values of the rail head ( 2) flow in during the various process steps of the entire thermal treatment, are connected and are controlled and regulated by this.
EP02777151A 2001-09-29 2002-09-19 Method for thermal treatment of rails Expired - Lifetime EP1432835B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10148305A DE10148305A1 (en) 2001-09-29 2001-09-29 Process and plant for the thermal treatment of rails
DE10148305 2001-09-29
PCT/EP2002/010512 WO2003028912A2 (en) 2001-09-29 2002-09-19 Method and system for thermal treatment of rails

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EP1432835A2 true EP1432835A2 (en) 2004-06-30
EP1432835B1 EP1432835B1 (en) 2005-06-08

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EP (1) EP1432835B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4317749B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1263873C (en)
AT (1) ATE297474T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002338735A1 (en)
DE (2) DE10148305A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2243768T3 (en)
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ES2243768T3 (en) 2005-12-01
ATE297474T1 (en) 2005-06-15
AU2002338735A1 (en) 2003-04-14
DE10148305A1 (en) 2003-04-24
WO2003028912A2 (en) 2003-04-10
CN1263873C (en) 2006-07-12
JP4317749B2 (en) 2009-08-19
EP1432835B1 (en) 2005-06-08
US7416622B2 (en) 2008-08-26
JP2005504174A (en) 2005-02-10
DE50203370D1 (en) 2005-07-14
RU2004113116A (en) 2005-05-20
CN1561399A (en) 2005-01-05
WO2003028912A3 (en) 2003-09-12
RU2272080C2 (en) 2006-03-20

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