EP1423198A1 - Procedes et appareil d'acquisition de donnees de disque optique au moyen de marqueurs de synchronisation physiques - Google Patents

Procedes et appareil d'acquisition de donnees de disque optique au moyen de marqueurs de synchronisation physiques

Info

Publication number
EP1423198A1
EP1423198A1 EP01939185A EP01939185A EP1423198A1 EP 1423198 A1 EP1423198 A1 EP 1423198A1 EP 01939185 A EP01939185 A EP 01939185A EP 01939185 A EP01939185 A EP 01939185A EP 1423198 A1 EP1423198 A1 EP 1423198A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
disc
optical disc
data
physical synchronization
marker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP01939185A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mark O. Worthington
Gregory R. Basile
James R. Norton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nagaoka Co Ltd
Nagaoka KK
Burstein Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Nagaoka Co Ltd
Nagaoka KK
Burstein Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/643,106 external-priority patent/US7088650B1/en
Application filed by Nagaoka Co Ltd, Nagaoka KK, Burstein Technologies Inc filed Critical Nagaoka Co Ltd
Publication of EP1423198A1 publication Critical patent/EP1423198A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/19—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
    • G11B27/24—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by sensing features on the record carrier other than the transducing track ; sensing signals or marks recorded by another method than the main recording
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B20/14—Digital recording or reproducing using self-clocking codes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/02—Adapting objects or devices to another
    • B01L2200/025—Align devices or objects to ensure defined positions relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/02—Identification, exchange or storage of information
    • B01L2300/021—Identification, e.g. bar codes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0803—Disc shape
    • B01L2300/0806—Standardised forms, e.g. compact disc [CD] format
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502715—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/00029—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor provided with flat sample substrates, e.g. slides
    • G01N35/00069—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor provided with flat sample substrates, e.g. slides whereby the sample substrate is of the bio-disk type, i.e. having the format of an optical disk
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
    • G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
    • G11B2220/21—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is of read-only, rewritable, or recordable type
    • G11B2220/215—Recordable discs
    • G11B2220/216—Rewritable discs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
    • G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
    • G11B2220/21—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is of read-only, rewritable, or recordable type
    • G11B2220/215—Recordable discs
    • G11B2220/218—Write-once discs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
    • G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
    • G11B2220/25—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is based on a specific recording technology
    • G11B2220/2537—Optical discs
    • G11B2220/2545—CDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
    • G11B27/19—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
    • G11B27/28—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
    • G11B27/30—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on the same track as the main recording
    • G11B27/3027—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on the same track as the main recording used signal is digitally coded
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/007—Arrangement of the information on the record carrier, e.g. form of tracks, actual track shape, e.g. wobbled, or cross-section, e.g. v-shaped; Sequential information structures, e.g. sectoring or header formats within a track
    • G11B7/00745—Sectoring or header formats within a track
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to physical markers located on optical discs. More particularly, the present invention is directed to using physical markers to provide synchronization during acquisition of data from optical discs.
  • nonoperational structures can be used for a wide variety of signaling chores.
  • such nonoperational structures can be used to signal the results of chemical and biological assays, ranging fro immunoassay, to enzymatic assays, to nucleic acid hybridization assays, to direct detection of mammalian cells.
  • the nonoperational signaling structures In each of the laser microscopic applications of optical disc drives, though, the nonoperational signaling structures must be disposed upon or near a surface of the optical disc prior to reading. For some applications, it may suffice to dispose the nonoperational structures randomly upon the disc surface, as in certain simple counting applications. For other applications, such as in nucleic acid array analysis (see, e.g., WO 98/ 12559), it may instead be preferable to dispose these nonoperational signaling structures in one or more ordered arrays. In order to detect these structures, there exists a need in the art or methods, apparatus, and compositions that facilitate the acquisition of data from the optical disc.
  • the present invention involves methods and apparatus for using physical synchronization markers during optical disc data acquisition.
  • physical synchronization markers on optical discs and/ or disc covers can be used to determine absolute and/ or relative positions on the disc or cover and control data acquisition.
  • a method for acquiring data includes detecting at least one physical synchronization marker and reading data in response to detecting the marker.
  • FIG. la shows a simplified representation of a CD-R optical disc with a physical synchronization marker and five sample areas according to this invention
  • FIG. lb is a top perspective view of the optical disc shown in FIG. la, showing in particular the location of the physical synchronization marker, which is disposed on the optical disc's edge, according to this invention
  • FIG. 2a shows a simplified representation of a further CD-R optical disc with five sample areas and two physical synchronization markers, one of the markers being rotationally earlier and one of the markers being rotationally later than the sample areas, according to this invention
  • FIG. 2b shows a simplified representation of another CD-R optical disc with five sample areas and two physical synchronization markers rotationally earlier than the sample areas according to this invention
  • FIG. 3a shows a simplified representation of yet another CD-R optical disc with eight physical synchronization marker and twenty-four sample areas according to this invention
  • FIG. 3b aligns, in X-axis registration, an electrical response reported in the HF signal along four wobble tracks that pass through an area of the disc that includes a physical synchronization marker shown in FIG. 3a, according to this invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a two-dimensional composite of light microscopic image * s acquired at 300 X magnification of the laser proximal surface of an optical disc with 2.8 ⁇ m spheres adherent to a metalized surface and aligned substantially along a track;
  • FIG. 5 shows a higher magnification of a portion of the same disc as shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows the electrical response reported in the HF signal along a single one of the wobble track features that passes through the area of the disc shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 aligns, in X-axis registration, the electrical response reported in the HF signal along four of the wobble tracks that pass through the area of the disc shown in FIG. 5, with the track shown in FIG. 6 appearing as the second track from the top;
  • FIG. 8 aligns the electrical response reported in the HF signal along six of the wobble tracks that pass through the area of the disc shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 9 aligns the electrical response reported in the HF signal along ten of the wobble tracks that pass through the area of the disc shown in FIG. 5, demonstrating that alignment of such signals permits the location of a sphere in both the X and Y dimensions to be mapped in two dimensions;
  • FIG. 10 presenting, in X axis registration with FIG. 9, a computer- generated reconstruction mapping with icons the location of the detected spheres;
  • FIG. 11 shows a computer-generated two-dimensional representation of the sarne disc shown optically in FIGS. 4 and 5, and electrically in FIGS. 6-10, with both X axis and Y axis adjusted to present lesser magnification;
  • FIG. 12 shows a computer-generated two-dimensional representation of the same disc shown optically in FIGS. 4 and 5 and electrically in FIGS. 6-10, with X axis and Y axis further adjusted to present lesser magnification;
  • FIG. 13 shows a computer-generated two-dimensional representation of the same data, with the acquired digital data, shown boxed, mapped to a representation of a disc;
  • FIG. 14 reducing further the apparent magnification, shows the location of the detected area on a representation of a disc.
  • the term “radial” denotes, in the plane of one or more of a disc's data-encoding surfaces, the direction forward or backward along a tracking spiral.
  • a disc surface can be an internal or external surface.
  • the term “tangential” denotes, in the plane of one or more of a disc's data-encoding surfaces, the direction inward or outward along a line drawn from the disc's physical center to its outer circumference.
  • turn denotes a 360° segment of a spiral track of an optical disc.
  • index denotes a physical structure, which can be nonoperational or operational, on or in the optical disc.
  • Physical synchronization markers are useful for reducing the amount of data ' for a predetermined 'period of time after detection of the marker during disc rotation.
  • physical synchronization markers can be used to reduce the amount of data the optical disc reader reads by only acquiring data for a period of time that begins after detection of a first marker during disc rotation and that ends after detection of a second marker.
  • more than one physical synchronization marker can be used on a single disc.
  • physical synchronization markers can be used to embed absolute and/or relative position markers in the data when the physical synchronization markers are detected by an optical pickup. Then, by aligning the embedded position markers, the data can be more accurately mapped onto a representation of a disc, as shown, for example, in FIG. 10. *
  • Physical synchronization markers can be provided to an optical disc in any way, as long as the marker can be detected by a sensor during disc rotation and does not substantially degrade operation of the optical disc drive.
  • a physical synchronization marker can be provided on an optical disc by applying a small amount of correction fluid at or near the edge of the disc (or cover, as described below) .
  • marker 5 is placed on the edge of the disc. It will be appreciated, however, that such a marker could be placed at any convenient location of the disc, including area 13 of disc 10 shown in FIG. la.
  • One type of correction fluid that has been used according to -this invention is sold under item no. 564-01 under the trademark Liquid Paper®, available from the
  • an excimer laser can be used to accurately and reproducibly mark (e.g., by ablating, melting, etc.) a disc at one or more locations.
  • one or more pits and/ or lands could be used as physical synchronization markers.
  • the use of pits and/or lands as physical synchronization markers is different from their use as logical markers because physical synchronization markers need not be decoded; the physical markers need only be detected. Additional logical synchronization information, however, could be encoded on the disc along with physical synchronization markers.
  • FIG. 1 shows the relative placement of various physical features, including a physical synchronization marker and five sample areas, of optical disc 10.
  • the nominal thickness of disc 10 is about 1.2 mm, however, the senior standard for compact disk technology (colloquially, the "Red Book"), republished as IEC 908, permits physical thickness of 1.1 - 1.5 mm (for all layers combined). Readers are capable of accommodating some additional variance, however, and discs suitable for reading by CD and DVD drives may have a depth maximally of about 2.4 mm and minimally of about 0.8 mm, preferably 1.0 - 1.4 mm, more preferably 1.1 - 1.3 mm, most preferably 1.2 mm.
  • the nominal outer diameter of an optical disc according to this invention is about 120 mm, but disk readers may accommodate disks of radial diameter of 100 - 140 mm, preferably 100 - 130 mm, more preferably 115 - 125 mm, and most preferably 120 mm. *
  • the standard also provides for discs with radial diameter of 8 cm (80 cm) : the dimensions of the mounting and clamping rings remain the same as that for 120 mm discs, as does disc depth; only the outer diameter is reduced, reducing the data area of the disc.
  • Commercially available CD and DVD readers and reader /writers accommodate discs of this diameter in their disc tray.
  • Such discs present certain advantages in the practice of the present invention, among which are a commensurate reduction in assay sample volume required to effect contact with the entire disc surface, as well as the ability to package such disc in a sleeve dimensioned identically to the sleeve of a 3 ⁇ 2" magnetic floppy disc.
  • the discs of the present invention may have a radial diameter as small as 50 mm and as large as that for a standard laser disc, and may be adapted to such size standards as are developed in the future.
  • the term "disc” contemplates any suitably rotatable media, whether or not perfectly circular.
  • edges 11 and 12 represent the inner and outer diameters of optical disc 10.
  • Area 13 represents the area of disc 10 that is trackable using the wobble of a CD-R disc. In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the radius n of the center hole is 7.5 mm.
  • the wobble track starts at radius r (e.g., about 21.7 mm in the tangential direction as measured from center point 20) and ends at radius r 3 (e.g., about 58.7 mm in the tangential direction as measured from center point 20). Outside edge 12 at radius r (e.g., about 60.0 mm in the tangential direction as measured from center point 20).
  • Sample' areas 14-18 represent areas of interest that can be read, mapped, and analyzed, as described in commonly owned Worthington et al. U.S. Patent Application No.
  • Tangential position and A-time can be related by the following approximation :
  • A-time has units of seconds
  • Ro 2 is the current tangential position, in units of mm, as measured from the center of the disc
  • Ri 2 is the inner radius of A-time (which is about 24.8 mm, defined to be 00:00, in units of minutes:seconds), as measured from the center of the disc
  • pitch is the track pitch in microns
  • v is the linear velocity, in units of meters per second.
  • an approximate tangential position of a sample area can be determined by reading an A-time decoded from the wobble track.
  • the A-time is an amount of time that corresponds to the length of the track from the beginning of the disc.
  • an a-period and b-period can be used for controlling data acquisition.
  • a-period is a user- defined delay after receipt of a triggering signal, which is generated by a physical synchronization marker.
  • b-period is an amount of time in which data is acquired.
  • This invention provides a method for determining the physical location, absolute and/or relative, of structures on an optical disc (e.g., for mapping). It will be appreciated that the use of the term "absolute" location as used herein, only refers to an approximate absolute position, the accuracy of which depends on a number of factors.
  • the primary means of determining the tangential and/or radial position of a structure is to physically mark the disc with a physical synchronization marker at a known location.
  • An external sensor mounted in the drive or the objective assembly can detect the physical synchronization marker.
  • the objective assembly which is designed to read data from the optical disc, can also be used to detect the location of the marker.
  • a position marker which corresponds to a physical synchronization marker, is preferably embedded synchronously with the data derived from the sampled signal.
  • the radial position of the data point can be estimated.
  • One way that this estimate can be made is by keeping track of the number of times the physical synchronization marker was detected for a relative tangential position and reading the A-time of the wobble track for an estimate of the absolute position.
  • Absolute tangential position may also be estimated by measuring the period of time between detecting two physical synchronization markers. This estimation is possible because the drive spins at a controlled speed. For example, speed can be controlled using a constant linear velocity (“CLV”) mode or a constant angular velocity (“CAV”) mode.
  • CLV constant linear velocity
  • CAV constant angular velocity
  • CLV mode has been successfully tested and used (see Example).
  • the disc In CLV mode, the disc typically spins at a constant linear velocity of about 1.2 meters per second, although this velocity can be changed.
  • a constant linear velocity necessarily means a varying angular velocity as the objective assembly moves tangentially outward.
  • the number of revolutions of the disc per second depends on the absolute tangential position of the objective assembly (e.g., read head). This number can be derived by measuring the time elapsed between two successive detections of the physical synchronization marker. The following equation is used to determine the angular velocity ⁇ , which is measured in revolutions per second (rps): *
  • t ⁇ is the time at which the marker was measured and t n + ⁇ is the next time at which the marker was measured.
  • D is the tangential distance from the center of the disc and ⁇ is the angular velocity in revolutions per second.
  • D is the tangential distance from the center of the disc and ⁇ is the angular velocity in revolutions per second.
  • ⁇ is the angular velocity in revolutions per second.
  • FIG. 2a shows a simplified representation of a CD-R optical disc with two physical synchronization markers and five sample areas according to this invention.
  • Physical synchronization markers 32 and34 can be used with a single sample area (not shown) or array of sample areas 41-45.
  • marker 32 can be used to initiate data acquisition and marker 34 can be used to terminate data acquisition.
  • first marker 32 can be a tangentially oriented line at a location rotationally earlier than the sample area(s) (e.g., assay sites) and second marker 34 can be another tangentially oriented line at a location rotationally later than the sample area(s). It will be appreciated that if the direction of rotation can change, then the terms "rotationally earlier" and “rotationally later,” as used herein, would refer to one of the rotational directions.
  • markers 52 and 54 both of which are tangentially oriented lines at a location rotationally earlier than the sample area(s). If the distance between markers 52 and 54 varies tangentially and is known, then that distance, which can be calculated by multiplying the period of time measured along a particular track by the rotational speed (see below), can be used to calculate the absolute tangential position on the disc. This position, in turn, can also be used to report information regarding a sample area number or size, if the relationship to the position is previously stored.
  • sample area 61 is radially shorter than sample area 65
  • a determination of an absolute tangential position could be used to control the period of time for acquiring data.
  • the physical synchronization markers can be used to control the start and stop of data acquisition, as well as to determine the tangential position of the track being read.
  • FIGS. 3a shows another way that multiple synchronization markers can be used on a single disc.
  • another CD-R optical disc 70 includes eight physical synchronization markers 72 and twenty-four sample areas (three circular samples areas between each pair of adjacent markers 72). Although disc 70 only includes twenty-four sample areas, any number of areas could be included. And, because the area required to perform an assay according to this invention is so small, a very large number of sample areas can be used on a single surface of a disc, including one thousand or more.
  • a disc drive can be modified by mounting a sensor that looks at a position on the disc where the physical synchronization marker is located.
  • the sensor can be mounted in the drive where edge 12 of disc 10 passes during rotation.
  • the sensor can be mounted in the drive where edge of disc 10 passes during rotation.
  • the sensor is in a known position relative to the read head of the drive.
  • the sensor can detect marker 5 by monitoring changes in the level of reflected light. This can be done by shining a light on the edge of the disc and receiving light reflected by marker 5 with a photodiode.
  • marker 5 is not under the sensor, no light is reflected by the marker and the sensor indicates its absence.
  • marker 5 is under the sensor, light is reflected by marker 5 and the sensor indicates its presence.
  • marker detection can be effected by monitoring changes in the level of light transmitted through, rather than reflected by, the disc. It will also be appreciated that detection of the physical maker need not be based solely on passive reflectance or transmittance, but may utilize any other optically detecable signal element that can be detected with each rotation of the disc, including, for example, fluorescent and phosphorescent signal elements.
  • the read head of the optical disc drive can be used as a physical synchronization marker detector.
  • physical synchronization markers 72 can be used to trigger data acquisition. These physical markers, when read by a read head, generate square pulses in the HF signal.
  • FIG. 3b shows in X-axis registration, an electrical response reported in the HF signal along four wobble tracks that pass through an area of the disc that includes one of physical synchronization markers 72 shown in FIG. 3a, according to this invention.
  • the square pulse in the HF signal can be multiplexed in the sampling path and used as a trigger.
  • a disc drive with a SCSI interface can be controlled using customized software.
  • the customized software can also place the drive into a "test mode.”
  • the software then generates a test file, such as an "audio or data” test file, in "real time.”
  • An advantage of writing customized software is that, in contrast to consumer software packages (such as the software package by Adaptec, described below), a user is not constrained to conventional consumer software file structures and sizes. For example, our customized software presently generates a file structures with a frame of 2352 bytes at 75 frames per second.
  • Relative tangential position can be derived, for example, by counting the number of detected markers in the data stream and then multiplying that number by the track pitch between adjacent turns of a spiral track (e.g., 1.6 microns).
  • the absolute tangential position of sample area can be determined by measuring the distance (or equivalently the time) between two subsequent detected markers in the data stream and applying the appropriate mapping equations.
  • distance D between the sample areas can be determined by the following equation: 1.2 m/s
  • a Ricoh 6200S CD-RW drive was installed in a standard, Pentium® processor-based personal computer.
  • the drive is sold commercially bundled with software from Adaptec (under the names Adaptec DirectCD and Adaptec Easy CD Creator) that can be used to write data to recordable optical media.
  • the bundled software permits the user to engage the drive's test mode to ensure that user-selected data may be written without error.
  • the software requests that the user specify one or more data files that are intended to be written to the recordable media; the software places the drive into test mode and sends the data to the drive. But for pulsing of the laser at levels suitable for writing, which is disabled, all drive operations are engaged, thus testing whether the data can be written to the disc without error.
  • the software reports whether errors were encountered.
  • the wobble is tracked for the entire time that data are being written. We track the wobble of a CD-R, for example, because there are no pits and lands.
  • the Ricoh drive was compelled constitutively to read the wobble on assay discs by using the software to place the drive in test mode and then send appropriate "dummy" files to the drive.
  • Files were chosen on the basis of size — that is, chosen to ensure that the wobble is tracked long enough to read through an assay site engineered on the disc — and on the basis of prior successful use, that is, prior demonstration that they could be sent without causing the software to report buffer underrun or overrun.
  • the process may be practiced with any data file that may be written to the drive, such as a .WAV file, a data file; a CD-ROM mode 1 image, etc.
  • the data bear no necessary relationship to the data to be read from the analyte-specific disc; the data serve only to maintain active the drive's tracking of the disc's wobble track. 4
  • a lead was attached to tap the nonequalized HF output of the drive.
  • the tapped analog HF signal was buffered, filtered, and processed with a variable gain amplifier and input to an ULTRAD-1280 dual 40 MHZ 12 bit A/D PCI data acquisition board (available from the Ultraview Corporation, of Orinda, CA) installed, with its own bundled software, in a second Pentium® processor-based personal computer (the "data" computer).
  • the ULTRAD data acquisition board permits the analog signal to be sampled, digitized, and written as a bit stream to a binary file on the computer's hard disc, thereafter to be interpreted by software.
  • a photodiode was inserted into the drive in a position that permitted the diode to interrogate the edge of the disc with the marker (shown in FIGS, la- lb) during disc rotation.
  • the diode signal was output to a programmable logic chip, which was connected to the triggering port of the ULTRAD- 1280.
  • a physical synchronization marker used as a triggering mark, was painted on the edge of the assay disc assembly at a location rotationally earlier than the assay site itself. With each rotation, the photodiode would detect the triggering mark and trigger data acquisition by the sampling card.
  • the duration of sampling i.e., data acquisition
  • controlled by software was less than a full rotation, resulting in data files of somewhat more manageable size.
  • real-time filtering based on image-recognition algorithms that direct storage of preferred data is an alternative, and oft preferred, means of reducing data file size.
  • FIG. 4 is a composite picture constructed from light microscopic images obtained during inspection of the relevant area of the disc surface after placement of the .analyte-specific signal elements. Each panel is shown at 300 X magnification.
  • FIG. 5 shows one of the areas at higher magnification.
  • magnification the track is readily observable; magnification precludes the continuity of the track from being observed.
  • Discs are read from inner diameter to outer diameter: the wobble begins at approximately 21.7 mm, as measured from the inner dia eter; data begins at 25 mm. The aliquot of microbeads was placed at 28 mm to provide the fastest route in this*experiment to the data. It will be understood, however, that analyte-specific signal elements may be detected, and thus placed, anywhere within the information area of the disc.
  • the beads were manually aligned along a track simply to test the optical disc reader's ability to discriminate signal elements closely spaced along the direction of tracking.
  • the beads were believed to be adhered simply by electrostatic interaction with the disc surface. There is no obligate requirement for such spatial distribution or such noncovalent attachment: the beads may more usefully be situated by immunospecific or nucleic acid-driven adherence.
  • the Ultraview data acquisition software on the data computer was manually engaged.
  • the opaque physical synchronization marker painted on the optical disc's edge triggered data acquisition by the ULTRAD- 1280 for a period less than a full rotation.
  • the data were written as a single binary file to the hard disc drive of the "data" computer.
  • a CD-R mother part was fabricated to order at CINRAM, essentially as set forth in Example 1 of copending and commonly owned U.S. Patent Application No. 09/311,329, filed May 14, 1999, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, to serve directly as a stamper to produce trackable, single data-layer, forward image (i.e., inverted structure), wobbled track discs.
  • the mother part was used to stamp about 5,000 polycarbonate discs, as set forth in Example 5 of the same patent application, which were then metalized with gold and stored for subsequent use.
  • Patent Application No. 60/ 150,287 filed August 23, 1999, and entitled Methods and Apparatus For Physical Patterning Of Nonoperational Structures On An Optical Disc, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • An air gun was then used both to align the beads in the direction of a track and to remove the water. It is believed that the beads remained adherent to the disc through noncovalent interactions with the disc surface.
  • a polycarbonate cover manufactured as set forth in Example 6 of copending and commonly owed U.S. Patent Application No. 09/311,329, filed May 14, 1999 , was attached to the disc to create a disc assembly as follows: A plastic tray from a CD holder (sometimes referred to as a "jewel case") was used to immobilize the disc with adherent beads upwards and stacking ring facing downward. Methylethylketone (“MEK”; as sold for paint stripping at a retail hardware store) was applied with dropper to the disc's clamping ring. The cover was then placed, stacking ring upwards, on top of the disc and pressed gently against the disc for about 30 seconds. The MEK affixed the cover to the disc at the clamping ring. At the outer diameter of the assembly, the disc and cover remained closely apposed but unattached.
  • MEK Methylethylketone
  • the outer edge of the disc assembly was marked manually with a physical synchronization marker (i.e., marker 5 of FIG. 1) of standard white opaque correction fluid at a spot rotationally slightly earlier (about 15 degrees earlier) than the location of the assay spot to serve as a trigger for data acquisition. It will be appreciated that the use of short distances between the marker and the assay spot reduces misalignment during mapping of the data.
  • a Ricoh 6200S CD-RW optical disc (a 6X speed reader/2X speed recorder) was installed in a first, standard Pentium® processor-based personal computer (the "drive” computer).
  • the bundled software package from Adaptec was installed on the same computer.
  • the nonequalized HF output of the 6200S CD-RW drive was buffered, filtered, and processed with a variable gain amplifier.
  • the signals were connected by BNC to an ULTRAD- 1280 dual 40 MHZ 12 bit A/D PCT data acquisition board (available from the Ultraview Corporation, of Orinda, CA) installed, with its own bundled software, in a second Pentium® processor- based personal computer (the "data" computer).
  • a photodiode was inserted into the 6200S drive in a position that permitted the diode to interrogate the disc edge during disc rotation.
  • the diode signal was output to the triggering port of the ULTRAD- 1280. This permitted the opaque physical synchronization marker on the disc edge to signal the ULTRAD data acquisition card that the assay area was shortly to pass under the drive's optical disc pickup.
  • the marker painted on the optical disc's edge triggered data acquisition by the ULTRAD- 1280 for a period of less than a full rotation.
  • the data were written as a single binary file to the hard disc drive of the "data" computer.
  • MEK may be harmful to certain biological agents. Accordingly, we now utilize an optically isotropic adhesive with a refractive index that substantially matches the refractive index of the cover. By matching the refractive indices, the light that would normally scatter at the boundary between the disc cover and air (located between the disc and the cover) is substantially eliminated.
  • the adhesive can be placed directly on the information area.
  • One type of adhesive that can be used according to this invention is sold under the name DVD Bonding Adhesive, available form Targray Technology International, Inc. of Pointe-Claire, Canada.
  • the adhesive can be used according to the following technique. First, a thin and substantially uniform layer of the adhesive can be applied to the ' surface of cover (or disc) by, for example, spinning the cover (or disc). After the adhesive is applied to a surface, the cover is attached to its complementary disc to form an optical disc assembly. The assembly is then exposed to UV light to set the adhesive.
  • DVD Bonding Adhesive available form Targray Technology International, Inc. of Pointe-Claire, Canada.
  • the adhesive can be used according to the following technique. First, a thin and substantially uniform layer of the adhesive can be applied to the ' surface of cover (or disc) by, for example, spinning the cover (or disc). After the adhesive is applied to a surface, the cover is attached to its complementary disc to form an optical disc assembly. The assembly

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil permettant d'utiliser des marqueurs de synchronisation pendant l'acquisition de données de disque optique. Selon la présente invention, des marqueurs de synchronisation physiques (72) de disques optiques et/ou des revêtements de disque peuvent servir à déterminer les positions absolues et/ou relatives sur le disque ou le revêtement t à commander l'acquisition de données. L'invention concerne également un procédé permettant d'acquérir des données qui consiste à détecter au moins un marqueur de synchronisation physique et à lire des données en réponse à la détection du marqueur.
EP01939185A 2000-08-21 2001-05-18 Procedes et appareil d'acquisition de donnees de disque optique au moyen de marqueurs de synchronisation physiques Ceased EP1423198A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US09/643,106 US7088650B1 (en) 1999-08-23 2000-08-21 Methods and apparatus for optical disc data acquisition using physical synchronization markers
US643106 2000-08-21
PCT/US2001/016331 WO2002016037A1 (fr) 2000-08-21 2001-05-18 Procedes et appareil d'acquisition de donnees de disque optique au moyen de marqueurs de synchronisation physiques

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US6791677B2 (en) 2001-08-28 2004-09-14 Tosoh Corporation Information measuring apparatus using a fine channel device
WO2003064998A2 (fr) 2002-01-31 2003-08-07 Burstein Technologies, Inc. Procede de declenchement par le biais de rainures de disque, et systeme et disques d'analyse optique associes
JP4194787B2 (ja) 2002-03-14 2008-12-10 パナソニック株式会社 分析装置とそれに使用する分析用ディスク
JP4148705B2 (ja) * 2002-06-19 2008-09-10 松下電器産業株式会社 分析装置
EP1888237B1 (fr) 2005-05-31 2016-01-20 Gyros Patent Ab Méthode pour déterminer l'identité d'un disque microfluidique et disque microfluidique

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US5119363A (en) * 1980-12-17 1992-06-02 Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, Ltd. Optical disk having an index mark
JPS59116939A (ja) * 1982-12-23 1984-07-06 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 光学式記録再生装置
US4672600A (en) * 1983-11-28 1987-06-09 Northern Telecom Limited Optical disc having protective cover
CA2301230A1 (fr) * 1996-09-20 1998-03-26 Digital Drives, Inc. Matrices chimiques combinatoires spatialement adressables en format cdrom
CN1332850A (zh) * 1998-10-30 2002-01-23 伯斯坦技术公司 具有同时可读分析物材料的可跟踪光盘

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