EP1422411B1 - Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1422411B1
EP1422411B1 EP03026729A EP03026729A EP1422411B1 EP 1422411 B1 EP1422411 B1 EP 1422411B1 EP 03026729 A EP03026729 A EP 03026729A EP 03026729 A EP03026729 A EP 03026729A EP 1422411 B1 EP1422411 B1 EP 1422411B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
egr
exhaust gas
recirculation device
passage
gas recirculation
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP03026729A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1422411A3 (fr
EP1422411A2 (fr
Inventor
Riki Kaechi
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Renault SAS
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Renault SAS
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Publication of EP1422411A2 publication Critical patent/EP1422411A2/fr
Publication of EP1422411A3 publication Critical patent/EP1422411A3/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems characterised by means for attaching parts of an EGR system to each other or to engine parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) devices of an internal combustion engine and more particularly to the exhaust gas recirculation devices of a type which is compact in size, simple in construction and thus easy to be mounted on a limited space of an engine room of a motor vehicle.
  • EGR exhaust gas recirculation
  • exhaust gas recirculation devices are designed to circulate part of the exhaust gas into an intake system of the engine for lowering the combustion temperature of an air/fuel mixture in the engine thereby to reduce NOx emissions from the engine.
  • Another exhaust gas circulation device is shown in document US-A1-2001/008616 , wherein the EGR gas inlet port is provided downstream the catalytic converter, and the EGR passage extends from the EGR gas inlet port to the intake system of the engine.
  • an exhaust gas recirculation device for use with an internal combustion engine which has a spheric coupler through which an exhaust manifold and a catalytic converter are pivotally connected, which comprises an EGR gas inlet port provided in a downstream portion of the catalytic converter; and an EGR gas passage line extending from the EGR gas inlet port to an intake system of the engine, wherein at least a part of the EGR gas passage line is constructed by a passage defined in the spheric coupler.
  • an exhaust gas recirculation device for use with an internal combustion engine having an exhaust manifold to which a catalytic converter is pivotally connected through a spheric coupler, which comprises an EGR gas inlet port provided in an exhaust pipe downstream of the catalytic converter; a passage defined in the spheric coupler, the passage of the spheric coupler keeping its open condition even when the spheric coupler assumes a tilted position; a first EGR tube extending from the EGR gas inlet port to an inlet part of the passage of the spheric coupler; and a second EGR tube extending from an outlet part of the passage of the spheric coupler to an intake system of the engine.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an exhaust gas recirculation device 100, which is the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • an internal combustion engine 1 which is of a transversely mounted type.
  • An intake manifold 2 is connected to a front side of engine 1, and a collector unit 3 of intake manifold 2 is positioned above engine 1.
  • an exhaust manifold 4 which has on a united downstream portion of branches thereof a flange 5.
  • a catalytic converter 7 To flange 5, there is connected a catalytic converter 7 through a spheric coupler 6.
  • Catalytic converter 7 has an outlet port (no numeral) from which an exhaust pipe 8 extends.
  • an EGR gas inlet port 9 is formed in a downstream part of catalytic converter 7. As will be described in detail hereinafter, EGR gas inlet port 9 is exposed to an EGR gas passage 10 that extends axially on and along a cylindrical case of catalytic converter 7. EGR gas passage 10 has an outlet from which a first EGR tube 11 extends to an EGR passage provided in spheric coupler 6. From the EGR passage of spheric coupler 6, there extends a second EGR tube 12 to the above-mentioned collector unit 3 through an EGR valve 13.
  • flange 5 connected to the downstream united portion of exhaust manifold 4 is formed with a smaller diameter tubular part 5a about which an annular gasket 14 is tightly disposed via press-fitting.
  • annular gasket 14 forms an essential element of spheric coupler 6 and has an open right end formed with a convex surface 14a.
  • Catalytic converter 7 comprises generally a cylindrical case 17, a catalyst support 15 installed in case 17, a holding mat 16 pressed between cylindrical case 17 and catalyst support 15, a conical inlet defuser 18 connected to an inlet end of case 17 and a conical outlet defuser 19 connected to an outlet end of case 17.
  • a flare flange unit 20 which forms another essential element of the above-mentioned spheric coupler 6 and has an open left part formed with a concave surface 20a which is intimately and slidably mated with convex surface 14a of annular gasket 14. It is now to be noted that due to the slidable contact between convex and concave surfaces 14a and 20a, a relative pivoting between annular gasket 14 and flare flange unit 20 is achieved.
  • a peripheral portion 20b of flare flange unit 20 is formed at its diametrically opposed portions with two bolt holes through which two threaded bolts 21 pass to loosely connect flare flange unit 20 to flange 5. That is, for this connection, each threaded bolt 21 is screwed into a threaded bore formed in flange 5, as shown. About each threaded bolt 21, there is disposed a coil spring 22 which is arranged to pull the peripheral portion 20b of flare flange unit 20 toward flange 5. Due to the work of the coil springs 22, concave surface 20a of flare flange unit 20 is biased against convex surface 14a of annular gasket 14 thereby to achieve an assured sealing therebetween.
  • flare flange unit 20 is caused to pivot relative to annular gasket 14 about an imaginary axis "L" (see Fig. 2 ) that connects the two bolts 21 while diametrically crossing flare flange unit 20. Due to this pivotal connection, vertical swing movement of exhaust manifold 4 and that of catalytic converter 7, which are inevitably caused by vertical vibration of engine 1, are assuredly and effectively absorbed.
  • cylindrical case 17 is produced by curving a single metal plate. That is, as is understood from this drawing, the metal plate is pressed or curved to have a generally S-shaped cross section with a larger round upper part and a smaller rectangular lower part. Then, longitudinal flanged edges of the shaped metal plate are welded to predetermined portions "W". With these steps, there are defined a cylindrical exhaust gas chamber 17a which has catalyst support 15 (not shown in the drawing) received therein and an axially extending passage which constitutes the above-mentioned EGR gas passage 10. As shown, the EGR gas passage 10 extends in parallel with cylindrical exhaust gas chamber 17a and is isolated from the exhaust gas chamber 17a by a part 17b of case 17.
  • conical outlet defuser 19 is produced by pressing a circular metal plate. Due to this pressing, a part of the metal plate is radially outwardly expanded to produce a radially expanded grooved portion 23 which serves as the above-mentioned EGR gas inlet port 9.
  • EGR gas passage 10 has a downstream open end 10a which is positioned radially outside of conical inlet defuser 18. From the downstream open end 10a, there extends first EGR tube 11 to spheric coupler 6.
  • the catalytic converter 7 when properly mounted in the exhaust system, the catalytic converter 7 is inclined in such a manner that its inlet port is positioned higher than its outlet port with respect to a road surface on which the associated motor vehicle stands. Due to this inclination of catalytic converter 7, EGR gas passage 10 inclines also, and thus, stagnation of condensed water in the passage 10 is prevented.
  • spheric coupler 6 at a portion that constitutes a part of the exhaust gas recirculation device 100 will be described with reference to Figs. 5 , 6A , 6B , 7A and 7B .
  • spheric coupler 6 comprises generally two parts which are, as is seen from Fig. 5 , the annular gasket 14 and the flare flange unit 20 which are connected to each other through a so-called spherical bearing connection.
  • annular gasket 14 is formed with convex surface 14a and flare flange unit 20 is formed with concave surface 20a. These convex and concave surfaces 14a and 20a are mated to intimately contact to each other. If desired, to the contrary, the convex surface may be provided by flare flange unit 20 and the concave surface may be provided by annular gasket 14.
  • annular gasket 14 is formed with two EGR passages 24 at diametrically opposed portions. Also flare flange unit 20 is formed with two EGR openings 25 at diametrically opposed portions.
  • these EGR passages 24 and openings 25 are mated with one another at the mutually contacting convex and concave surfaces 14a and 20a.
  • the two EGR openings 25 are exposed to a concave enclosed space 26 which is defined between an inner concave member 27a and an outer concave member 27b.
  • outer member 27b is welded at its peripheral edge "W" to inner member 27a to constitute the flare flange unit 20.
  • each of EGR openings 25 of flare flange unit 20 is so sized and shaped as to cover the entire area of the open end of the corresponding EGR passage 24 of annular gasket 14 even when flare flange unit 20 assumes a maximum angular position relative to annular gasket 14.
  • each open end of the EGR passages 24 and each EGR opening 25 are shaped elliptical.
  • flare flange unit 20 is permitted to pivot about the imaginary axis "L” (see Fig. 2 ) and thus can assume the maximum angular position that is denoted by reference " ⁇ " in Fig. 7B .
  • concave enclosed space 26 of flare flange unit 20 is communicated with two EGR passages 24 of annular gasket 14 (see Fig. 2 ) as well as first EGR tube 11 (see Fig. 3 ) through an inlet opening 28 formed in outer concave member 27b of flare flange unit 20.
  • inlet opening 28 is positioned at the lowermost portion of the outer concave member 27b with respect to a road surface on which the associated motor vehicle stands.
  • the flange 5 provided on the united downstream portion of exhaust manifold 4 is formed with two EGR passages 29 which are connected with the passages 24 of annular gasket 14 respectively.
  • the EGR passages 29 are united and then connected to second EGR tube 12 for connecting with EGR valve 13 (see Fig. 1 ).
  • EGR gas inlet port 9 EGR gas passage 10
  • first EGR tube 11 concave enclosed space 26
  • two EGR openings 25 two EGR passages 24,
  • two EGR passages 29 and second EGR tube 12 constitute a so-called "EGR gas passage line” that conveys a cleaned exhaust gas to the collector unit 3 through EGR valve 13.
  • an intermediate part of the EGR gas passage line that is the part constructed by concave enclosed space 26 of flare flange unit 20, EGR openings 25 of flare flange unit 20, and EGR passages 24 of annular gasket 14, is compactly and effectively provided by spheric coupler 6. That is, as is seen from Fig. 1 , the fluid connection between first and second EGR tubes 11 and 12 is kept even when spheric coupler 6 shows its tilted condition (see Fig. 7B ) due to an angled position of catalytic converter 7 relative to exhaust manifold 4.
  • Spheric coupler 6 is of an articulated type comprising annular gasket 14 with convex surface 14a and flare flange unit 20 with concave surface 20a which intimately and slidably contacts the convex surface 14a.
  • Annular gasket 14 is formed with EGR passages 24 and flare flange unit 20 is formed with EGR openings 25 mated with concave enclosed space 26.
  • EGR passages 24 and EGR openings 25 are mated at the area where convex surface 14a and concave surface 20a intimately contact.
  • each of EGR openings 25 of flare flange unit 20 is so sized and shaped as to cover the entire area of the open end of the corresponding EGR passage 24 of annular gasket 14 even when flare flange unit 20 is largely angled relative to annular gasket 14.
  • EGR gas flow in the EGR gas passage line is smoothly and assuredly carried out even when a large relative angle is kept between flare flange unit 20 and annular gasket 14.
  • flare flange unit 20 Due to provision of two bolts 21 (see Fig. 2 ) that loosely connect flare flange unit 20 to the flange 5 of the exhaust manifold 4, flare flange unit 20 is caused to pivot relative to annular gasket 14 about the imaginary axis "L". Accordingly, relative displacement between the open ends of EGR passages 24 of annular gasket 14 and their corresponding EGR openings 25 of flare flange unit 20 can be minimized, which can reduce the size of the open ends of EGR passages and EGR openings 25.
  • the welded portions "W" of flare flange unit 20 are kept away from the mutually contacting convex and concave surfaces 14a and 20a of spheric coupler 6.
  • the heat generated during the welding has substantially no influence on such surfaces 14a and 20a, and thus, a sealing ability possessed by the surfaces 14a and 20a is kept unchanged.
  • the welded portions "W" are exposed to the open area, the welding at such portions "W” is easily carried out.
  • the opening 28 of outer concave member 27b of flare flange unit 20 is positioned at the lowermost portion of the member 27b. Accordingly, condensed water inevitably produced in concave enclosed space 26 of flare flange unit 20 is smoothly drained therefrom, and thus, flare flange unit 20 is suppressed from having rust.
  • an upstream part of the EGR gas passage line that is, the part constructed by EGR gas inlet port 9 and EGR gas passage 10, is neatly, compactly and integrally provided by case 17 of catalytic converter 7.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation device 100 can be simplified in construction and reduced in size. As is known, the exhaust gas recirculation device 100 having such features is easily mounted in an engine room even when the engine room has a limited space.
  • EGR gas inlet port 9 is provided by pressing a part of conical outlet defuser 19 (see Fig. 4B ) and EGR gas passage 10 is provided by curving or pressing a single metal plate to have a generally S-shaped cross section (see Fig. 4A ).
  • the upstream part of the EGR gas passage line can be provided at a lower cost.
  • EGR gas inlet port 9 is positioned and constructed to receive a cleaned exhaust gas that has passed through catalytic converter 7, the interior of the EGR gas passage line is entirely protected from collecting unwanted deposits.
  • catalytic converter 7 upon mounting on a motor vehicle, catalytic converter 7 is postured to incline with its inlet port positioned higher than its outlet port with respect to the road surface. Due to this inclination of catalytic converter 7, EGR gas passage 10 inclines also, and thus, stagnation of condensed water in the passage 10 is prevented. Thus, the passage 10 is protected from having rust.
  • FIG. 8 there is shown an exhaust gas recirculation device 200, which is a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • an EGR gas inlet port 31 is provided in exhaust pipe 8 downstream of catalytic converter 7, and an EGR tube 32 extends from EGR gas inlet port 31 to inlet opening 28 formed in outer concave member 27b of flare flange unit 20.
  • the fluid connection between the two EGR tubes 32 and 12 is assuredly kept even when spheric coupler 6 shows its tilted condition (see Fig. 7B ) due to an angled position of catalytic converter 7 relative to exhaust manifold 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement (100, 200) pour utilisation avec un moteur à combustion interne (1) qui possède un coupleur sphérique par lequel un collecteur d'échappement (4) et un convertisseur catalytique (7) sont reliés d'une manière pivotante, comprenant
    un orifice d'admission de gaz EGR (9, 31) réalisé dans une portion en aval du convertisseur catalytique (7); et
    une conduite de passage de gaz EGR (10, 11, 24, 25, 26, 12, 32) s'étendant de l'orifice d'admission de gaz EGR (9) à un système d'admission (3) du moteur (1), caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie de la conduite de passage de gaz EGR est construite par un passage (24, 25, 26) défini dans le coupleur sphérique (6).
  2. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le coupleur sphérique comprend:
    un premier élément (14) ayant une surface convexe (14a) et relié à un (4) parmi le collecteur d'échappement (4) et le convertisseur catalytique (7);
    un deuxième élément (20) ayant une surface concave (20a) pouvant être intimement mise en contact avec la surface convexe (14a) du premier élément (14), le deuxième élément (20) étant relié à l'autre (7) parmi le collecteur d'échappement (4) et le convertisseur catalytique (7);
    un premier passage EGR (24) défini dans le premier élément (14); et
    un deuxième passage EGR (25, 26) défini dans le deuxième élément (20) et exposé constamment au premier passage EGR (24) du premier élément (14).
  3. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 2, dans lequel une parmi des extrémités ouvertes se faisant face mutuellement des premier et deuxième passages EGR (24, 25, 26) est dimensionnée et configurée pour couvrir toute la zone de l'autre des extrémités ouvertes se faisant face mutuellement même lorsque les premier et deuxième éléments (14, 20) ont un angle relatif maximum entre eux.
  4. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le coupleur sphérique comprend en outre un dispositif de commande de direction de pivotement (21, 22) qui permet au deuxième élément (20) de pivoter autour d'un axe donné relativement au premier élément (14), et dans lequel les extrémités se faisant mutuellement face des premier et deuxième passages EGR (24, 25, 26) sont positionnées sur l'axe donné.
  5. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le dispositif de commande de direction de pivotement (21, 22) comprend:
    deux trous de boulon formés dans des portions diamétralement opposées du deuxième élément (20);
    deux boulons (21) passant respectivement à travers les deux trous de boulon pour relier lâchement le deuxième élément (20) à un élément (5) fixé au premier élément (14); et
    deux ressorts hélicoïdaux (22) disposés respectivement autour des deux boulons (21) pour solliciter la surface concave (20a) du deuxième élément (20) contre la surface convexe (14a) du premier élément (14).
  6. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 2, dans lequel chacun des premier et deuxième passages EGR (24, 25, 26) comprend deux passages qui sont réalisés à des positions diamétralement opposées du coupleur sphérique.
  7. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le deuxième élément (20) est une unité à bride évasée qui comprend:
    un élément intérieur concave (27a) dont la surface concave (20a) peut être mise en contact avec la surface convexe (14a) du premier élément (14);
    un élément extérieur concave (27b) soudé à son bord périphérique à l'élément intérieur concave (27a) de manière à définir entre eux un espace concave fermé (26), l'espace concave fermé (26) constituant le deuxième passage EGR (25, 26) du deuxième élément (20).
  8. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 7, dans lequel l'élément extérieur concave (27b) est réalisé avec une ouverture d'admission (28) à laquelle un tube (11, 32) relié à l'orifice d'admission des gaz EGR (9,31) est relié.
  9. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 8, dans lequel, lors de l'assemblage du dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement (100, 200) dans un compartiment moteur d'un véhicule à moteur, l'ouverture d'admission (28) est positionnée à la portion la plus basse de l'élément extérieur concave (27b) par rapport à une surface de route sur laquelle se trouve le véhicule à moteur.
  10. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre un passage de gaz EGR (10) qui est intégralement formé sur et le long d'une paroi latérale du convertisseur catalytique (7), le passage de gaz EGR (10) constituant au moins une partie de la conduite de passage de gaz EGR.
  11. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 10, dans lequel le passage de gaz EGR(10) s'étend le long d'un axe d'un boîtier (17) du convertisseur catalytique (7), le boîtier (17) ayant un support catalytique (15) installé dans celui-ci, et où le passage de gaz EGR (10) possède une partie d'admission exposée à l'orifice d'admission de gaz EGR (9).
  12. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le passage de gaz EGR (10) est intégralement réalisé par le boîtier (17) du convertisseur catalystique (7).
  13. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 12, dans lequel le boîtier (17) du convertisseur catalytique (7) est réalisé en pressant une plaque métallique pour qu'elle ait une section transversale généralement en forme de S avec une partie supérieure ronde plus grande et une partie inférieure rectangulaire plus petite, et souder les bords donnés de la plaque métallique formée, la plaque métallique formée et soudée constituant le passage de gaz EGR (10) à une portion qui a la partie inférieure rectangulaire plus petite.
  14. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 13, dans lequel l'orifice d'admission des gaz EGR (9) est défini par une portion rainurée radialement expansée (23) d'un diffuseur de sortie (19) du convertisseur catalytique (7), la rainure de la portion rainurée radialement expansée (23) étant exposée à la partie d'admission du passage de gaz EGR (10).
  15. Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 1, dans lequel, lors de l'assemblage du dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement (100, 200) dans un compartiment moteur d'un véhicule à moteur, le convertisseur catalytique (7) est incliné de telle manière que son orifice d'admission est positionné plus haut que son orifice d'évacuation par rapport à une surface de route sur laquelle le véhicule moteur se trouve.
  16. Dispositif de recirculation de gaz d'échappement (200) pour utilisation avec un moteur à combustion interne (1) ayant un collecteur d'échappement (4) auquel un convertisseur catalytique (7) est relié d'une manière pivotante par un coupleur sphérique (6), caractérisé par
    un orifice d'admission de gaz EGR (9) est réalisé dans un tuyau d'échappement (8) en aval du convertisseur catalytique (7);
    un passage (24, 25, 26) est défini dans le coupleur sphérique (6), le passage du coupleur sphérique gardant son état ouvert même lorsque le coupleur sphérique (6) occupe une position inclinée;
    un premier tube EGR (32) s'étend de l'orifice d'admission de gaz EGR (9) à une partie d'admission du passage (24, 25, 26) du coupleur sphérique (6); et
    un deuxième tube EGR (12) s'étend d'une partie de sortie du passage (24, 25, 26) du coupleur sphérique (6) à un système d'admission (3) du moteur (1).
EP03026729A 2002-11-25 2003-11-21 Dispositif de recirculation des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne Expired - Lifetime EP1422411B1 (fr)

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JP2002340646 2002-11-25
JP2002340646A JP4048931B2 (ja) 2002-11-25 2002-11-25 エンジンのｅｇｒ装置

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EP1422411A3 EP1422411A3 (fr) 2006-08-09
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JP4048931B2 (ja) * 2002-11-25 2008-02-20 日産自動車株式会社 エンジンのｅｇｒ装置
JP5791458B2 (ja) * 2011-10-12 2015-10-07 本田技研工業株式会社 内燃機関の排気還流装置
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JP6521005B2 (ja) * 2017-08-24 2019-05-29 マツダ株式会社 自動車
JP6838542B2 (ja) 2017-10-12 2021-03-03 トヨタ自動車株式会社 触媒装置
JP2020197169A (ja) * 2019-06-03 2020-12-10 株式会社豊田自動織機 アンモニア燃焼システム

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JP4048931B2 (ja) 2008-02-20
EP1422411A3 (fr) 2006-08-09
JP2004176553A (ja) 2004-06-24
EP1422411A2 (fr) 2004-05-26
DE60335442D1 (de) 2011-02-03
CN1308575C (zh) 2007-04-04
KR20040045365A (ko) 2004-06-01
CN1502802A (zh) 2004-06-09
KR100589101B1 (ko) 2006-06-14
CN2742167Y (zh) 2005-11-23

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