Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/42—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
  • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
  • C10M105/32—Esters
  • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
  • C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
  • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines

Definitions

• the present invention relates, generally, to a high temperature stable lubricant polyol ester composition containing short chain acids and a process of making the same. More particularly, this invention relates to ester derivatives of pentaerythritol and a mixture of aliphatic carboxylic acids containing at least one C 2 to C 4 chain acids.
• Organic compositions such as mineral oils and lubricating compositions, are subject to deterioration by oxidation and in particular are subject to such deterioration at high temperatures in the presence of air. This deterioration often leads to buildup of insoluble deposits that can foul engine parts, deteriorate performance, and increase maintenance. This is particularly the case for lubricating oils used in jet aircraft where wide temperature ranges and extreme operating conditions are likely to be encountered.
• Proper lubricating of aircraft gas turbines for example, requires ability to function at bulk oil temperatures from as low as minus 60°C to as high as 230°-280°C. Such an extreme temperature range places unique demands on the characteristics of the lubricant.
• Ester base lubricating oil compositions prepared from polyols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol, and a mixture of fatty acids and containing selected additive combinations are well known. These lubricants are functional over a wide temperature range and exhibit good thermal and oxidative stability. An ester base lubricant composition that will operate under more severe conditions, however, is a major goal of lubricant manufacturers. This invention addresses that continuing need by providing a polyol ester basestock composition containing short chain acids having higher temperature stability. These polyol esters exhibit enhanced anti-deposition and oxidation stability over polyol ester to which short chain acids were not added.
• polyols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol
• a mixture of fatty acids and containing selected additive combinations are well known. These lubricants are functional over a wide temperature range and exhibit good thermal and oxidative stability
• U.S. Patent No. 3,756,952 to Texaco Inc. discloses a synthetic lubricating oil composition comprising a major portion of aliphatic ester base oil formed by the reaction of pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane and an organic monocarboxylic acid having 2 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule containing a certain weight percent of ammonium thiocyanate.
• U.K. Patent No. 1,180,388 to The British Petroleum Company discloses an ester basestock consisting of a synthetic lubricant for aero gas turbines prepared by reacting together under esterification conditions an aliphatic mono- and/or polyhydric alcohol having 5-15 carbon atoms per molecule and an aliphatic mono- and/or polycarboxylic acid having 2-14 carbon atoms per molecule.
• U.K. Patent No. 1,402,697 to Texaco Development Corporation discloses a synthetic lubricating oil composition comprising a major portion of an aliphatic ester base oil having lubricating properties formed from the reaction of pentaerythritol, a polypentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane and an organic monocarboxylic acid having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms and a critically balanced blend of additives.
• U.S. Patent No. 5,503,761 is directed to a synthetic ester base stock having reduced deposit formation.
• the base stock is the esterified product of technical pentaerythritol and a mixture of C 5 to C 10 carboxylic acids. Notwithstanding the benefits of such base stock, there remains a need for synthetic ester base stocks that have even further reduced tendencies to form deposits under conditions of use.
• polyol ester lubricant compositions of the present invention are useful as base stock for high temperature application such as ATOS and exhibit enhanced anti-deposition and oxidation stability compared with the base polyol ester compositions while maintaining a good viscosity index.
• the polyol ester base stock of the present invention may be blended with additive packages to provide a turbo oil composition with improved cleanliness.
• the polyol ester lubricant compositions of the present invention comprise: a polyol ester, wherein the carboxylic acid portion of the ester, comprises: (a) short chain carboxylic acids and (b) conventional acids, and the alcohol portion of the ester, comprises: an aliphatic polyol.
• Polyol esters from a mixture of acids ester is intended to mean a polyol ester having at least two different carboxylic acids (e.g., C 2 to C 4 short chain carboxylic acid and C 5 to C 10 conventional carboxylic acid) attached to the same polyol molecule.
• the amount of each individual carboxylic acid present during esterification will determine how many of the polyol molecules present in the esterification process will form esters having short chain acids.
• One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that during an esterification process to form polyol esters having short chain acids, a portion of polyol esters without short chain acids will likely be formed.
• the present polyol ester compositions are intended to cover compositions comprising a mixture of short chain acids and conventional C 5 to C 10 acids mixed polyol esters having the defined mole percentages of short chain carboxylic acids.
• the carboxylic acid portion of the ester comprises: 5, 10, 15, to 20 mole% of the short chain carboxylic acid and the remaining portion being the conventional acids.
• the ester comprises 10 to 15 mole% of the short chain acids.
• the amount of short chain carboxylic acid used would depend on the viscometric specifications required for the desired application.
• Conventional acids are carboxylic acids typically used in lubricating compositions.
• these are C 5 to C 10 aliphatic acids.
• the C 5 to C 10 carboxylic acids which are used to prepare the synthetic ester lubricant base stock are aliphatic carboxylic acids having minimal number of reactive hydrogens while meeting MIL-L-23699 specifications on the low temperature flow and elastomer compatability.
• the aliphatic acids are monocarboxylic acids or a mixture of mono- and di-carboxylic acids and are linear or branched.
• the aliphatic acids are monocarboxylic acids. Even more preferably, the acids are a mixture of C 5 , i-C 9 , and linear C 7-10 acids.
• C 7-10 is intended to represent a mixture of C 7 , C 8 , C 9 , and C 10 acids.
• this mixture comprises only linear acids.
• this mixture comprises linear C 7 , linear C 8 , and linear C 10 .
• the acids are a mixture of a C 5 , i-C 9 , and linear C 7 (e.g., n-heptanoic acid), C 8 (e.g., n-octanoic acid), and C 10 (e.g., n-decanoic acid) acids.
• a preferred C 5 acid is valeric acid.
• a preferred i-C 9 acid is 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid.
• the carboxylic acid portion of the polyol ester preferably, comprises: 5-20 mole% of the short chain acid, 30-70 mole% C 5 , 0-15 mole% i-C 9 , and 10-60 mole% C 7-10 . More preferably, the carboxylic acid portion of the polyol ester, comprises: 10-20 mole% of the short chain acid, 30-60% C 5 , 0-10 mole% i-C 9 , and 10-55 mole% of linear C 7-10 .
• the carboxylic acid portion of the mixed polyol ester comprises: 10-15 mole% of the short chain acid, 30-60 mole% C 5 , 0-10 mole% i-C 9 , and 10-55 mole% of a mixture of n-heptanoic acid, n-octanoic acid, and n-decanoic acid.
• the carboxylic acid portion of the polyol ester comprises: 10-15 mole% of the short chain acid, 30-60 mole% of valeric acid, 0-10 mole% of 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid, and 10-55 mole% of a mixture of n-heptanoic acid, n-octanoic acid, and n-decanoic acid.
• the preferred distribution of C 5 to C 10 carboxylic acids is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,503,761.
• the alcohol used to form the ester portion of the polyol ester lubricant composition of the present invention may be any one or more of neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol or tetrapentaerythritol.
• the preferred polyol is pentaerythritol or Technical pentaerythritol (TechPE).
• Technical pentaerythritol is a mixture that includes about 85 to 92 wt% monopentaerythritol and 8 to 15 wt% dipentaerythritol.
• a typical commercial technical pentaerythritol contains about 88 wt% monopentaerythritol and about 12 wt% of dipentaerythritol.
• the technical pentaerythritol may also contain some tri and tetra pentaerythritol which are typically formed as by-products during the production of technical pentaerythritol.
• the polyol ester of the present invention can be prepared by esterifying the short chain acid(s) and conventional acid(s) with the aliphatic polyol.
• a process of making the present composition comprises: (a) contacting 5 -20 mole% of a short chain carboxylic acid and 95-80 mole% of a C 5-20 aliphatic carboxylic acid; and, (b) esterifying the resulting mixture with an aliphatic polyol.
• a process of making the present composition comprises: (a) esterifying a short chain carboxylic acid with an aliphatic polyol; and, (b) contacting the esterification mixture with a C 5-20 aliphatic carboxylic acid.
• a process of making the present composition comprises: (a) esterifying a C 5-20 aliphatic carboxylic acid with an aliphatic polyol; and, (b) contacting the esterification mixture with a short chain carboxylic acid.
• the second component can be added during esterification of the first component or after esterification of the first component.
• different acids esterify at different rates.
• the selection of the method of esterification may depend on the activity of the chosen short chain carboxylic acid(s), conventional acid(s) and the aliphatic polyol.
• the choice of when to add the second component will also be based on the reactivity of the first component.
• the desired outcome is a polyol ester, wherein the carboxylic acid portion of the ester, comprises: (a) 5-20 mole% of a short chain carboxylic acid and (b) 95-80 mole% of conventional acids, and the alcohol portion of the ester, comprises: an aliphatic polyol.
• the esterification reaction can be run using conventional methods and techniques known to those skilled in the art.
• technical pentaerythritol can be heated with the desired short chain and conventional acid mixture, optionally in the presence of a catalyst.
• a slight excess of the acids is employed to force the reaction to completion. Water is removed during the reaction and any excess acid is then stripped from the reaction mixture.
• the esters of technical pentaerythritol may be used without further purification or may be further purified using conventional techniques such as distillation. The process may be carried out continuously or discontinuously.
• the lubricant composition of the present invention preferably has at least one of the following uses: crankcase engine oils, two-cycle engine oils, catapult oils, hydraulic fluids, drilling fluids, turbine oils (e.g., aircraft turbine oils), greases, compressor oils, gear oils and functional fluids.
• the lubricant composition of the present invention is used in an aero-derived, gas turbine engines (e.g., jet turbine engines, marine engines, and power generating applications).
• the lubricant compositions of the present invention may also comprise other conventional lubricant additives.
• Lubricating oil additives are described generally in “Lubricants and Related Products” by Dieter Klamann, Verlag Chemie, Deerfield, Fla., 1984, and also in “Lubricant Additives” by C. V. Smalheer and R. Kennedy Smith, 1967, pp. 1-11, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• Lubricating oil additives are also described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,043,199, 5,856,280, and 5,698,502, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• the lubricant composition according to the present invention preferably comprises about 0 to 15%, preferably 2 to 10 wt%, most preferably 3 to 8% by weight of a lubricant additive package.
• the lubricant composition according to the present invention would comprise about 85 to 99.5 wt% polyol ester base stock and about 0.5 to 15 wt% conventional additive package.
• fully formulated turbine oils may contain one or more of the following classes of additives: antioxidants, antiwear agents, extreme pressure additives, antifoamants, detergents, hydrolytic stabilizers, metal deactivators, other rust inhibitors, etc. in addition to the dispersant of the present invention.
• additives antioxidants, antiwear agents, extreme pressure additives, antifoamants, detergents, hydrolytic stabilizers, metal deactivators, other rust inhibitors, etc.
• Total amounts of such other additives can be in the range 0.5 to 15 wt% preferably 2 to 10 wt%, most preferably 3 to 8 wt% of the fully formulated lubricant.
• Antioxidants which can be used, include aryl amines, e.g. phenylnaphthylamines and dialkyl diphenylamines and mixtures thereof, hindered phenols, phenothiazines, and their derivatives.
• the antioxidants are typically used in an amount in the range 1 to 5 wt% of the fully formulated lubricant.
• Antiwear/extreme pressure additives include hydrocarbyl phosphate esters, particularly trihydrocarbyl phosphate esters in which the hydrocarbyl radical is an aryl or alkaryl radical or mixture thereof.
• Particular antiwear/extreme pressure additives include tricresyl phosphate, triaryl phosphate and mixtures thereof.
• Other or additional anti wear/extreme pressure additives may also be used.
• the antiwear/extreme pressure additives are typically used in an amount in the range 0 to 4 wt%, preferably 1 to 3 wt% of the fully formulated lubricant.
• Such known corrosion inhibitors include the various triazols, for example, tolyltriazol, 1,2,4 benzotriazol, 1,2,3 benzotriazol, carboxy benzotriazole, allylated benzotriazol.
• the standard corrosion inhibitor additive can be used in an amount in the range 0.02 to 0.5 wt%, preferably 0.05 to 0.25 wt% of the fully formulated lubricant.
• Other rust inhibitors common to the industry include the various hydrocarbyl amine phosphates and/or amine phosphates.
• Foam control can be provided by many compounds including an antifoamant of the polysiloxane type, e.g., silicone oil or polydimethyl siloxane.
• an antifoamant of the polysiloxane type e.g., silicone oil or polydimethyl siloxane.
• a typical anti-deposition and oxidation additive is a sulfur containing carboxylic acid (SCCA) as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,856,280.
• SCCA sulfur containing carboxylic acid
• the SCCA derivative is used in an amount in the range 100 to 2000 ppm, preferably 200 to 1000 ppm, most preferably 300 to 600 ppm.
• additives can also be employed including hydrolytic stabilizers, pour point depressants, anti foaming agents, viscosity and viscosity index improver, as well as other additives useful in lubricating oil compositions.
• each of the components can be added directly to the base stock by dispersing or dissolving it in the base stock at the desired level of concentration. Such blending may occur at ambient temperature or at an elevated temperature.
• all the additives except for the viscosity modifier and the pour point depressant are blended into a concentrate or additive package, which is subsequently blended into base stock to make finished lubricant.
• Use of such concentrates in this manner is conventional.
• the concentrate will typically be formulated to contain the additive(s) in proper amounts to provide the desired concentration in the final formulation when the concentrate is combined with a predetermined amount of base lubricant.
• the concentrate is preferably made in accordance with the method described in U.S.
• Patent No. 4,938,880 the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. That patent describes making a pre-mix of ashless dispersant and metal detergents that is pre-blended at a temperature of at least about 100°C. Thereafter, the pre-mix is cooled to at least 85°C and the additional components are added.
• a multi-necked round bottom flask was used for the reaction vessel.
• This reactor was fitted with a means of stirring, an inlet for nitrogen (reactor is purged with N 2 prior to the run and an N 2 flow is maintained during the run), and a connection to a Dean-Stark apparatus and a condenser.
• the polyol (technical grade pentaerythritol) plus the C 5 to C 10 acids were charged to the reactor.
• a small amount of entrainer xylene
• the reaction mixture was heated to 220°C and the mixture refluxed to remove the water of reaction (oil/water are separated in the Dean-Stark apparatus and the oil returned to the reactor). Vacuum is pulled as needed to maintain the reflux.
• the reaction was continued under these conditions until approximately the stoichiometric amount of water was removed from the reactor.
• reaction mixture was cooled to a temperature below the boiling point of the acid anhydride to be added (acetic anhydride, proprionic anhydride or butyric anhydride.)
• the anhydride was slowly added dropwise using an additional funnel. Once addition was complete, the reaction mixture was heated until reflux began, then maintained at reflux for approximately three hours.
• reaction mixture was then neutralized with an Na 2 CO 3 solution (only if acid number is above target of 0.05 mg KOH/g), and de-colored using "admix," a blend of activated carbon and filter aid.
• the neutralization/de-coloring step was carried out at 90°C for 2-3 hours. At the end of this time, a vacuum was pulled on the reactor and the temperature was raised to 100°C to remove water. The mixture was then filtered, giving the desired product.
• Acid Feed Content (Mole%) Acid Content, Mole% (based on feed to reaction) Run Number n-C 5 N-C 7 n-C 8/10 i-C 9 C 2 C 3 C 4 1038-88 41.6 19.2 12.4 6.8 20.0 0 0 1038-90 41.6 19.2 12.4 6.8 0 0 20.0 1038-94 46.8 21.6 14.0 7.6 10.0 0 0 1038-97 46.8 21.6 14.0 7.6 0 0 10.0 1038-138 41.6 19.2 12.4 6.8 0 20.0 0 1038-140 46.8 21.6 14.0 7.6 0 10.0 0 Control Base Ester 54.0 22.8 15.0 8.2 0 0 0 0 Acid Feed Content (grams) FeedAmount,g Run Number Tech PE
• the IPDT is generally used to predict field performance in the oil-washed areas of the engine, and successfully correlates with more expensive bearing rig tests.
• the IPDT is typically employed as a screener test for additives in base stocks and fully formulated lubricants.
• test oil flows at a rate of 60 mL/h over a heated panel (stainless steel 304) that is inclined at an angle of 4 degrees with respect to the horizontal.
• Moist air flows through the system continuously during the test at a rate of 12 Uh.
• the panel is heated to a specified temperature (up to 600°F) and is held constant for the entire test duration of 24 hours. Oil flowing off the panel is collected in a sump and is continuously recirculated by a positive displacement pump.
• the deposit formed on the panel during the test is rated using a demerit rating scale.
• the IPDT uses the same deposit demerit system as the High Temperature Bearing Test. (FED. Test Method STD. No. 791 C, Method 3410.1).
• the total deposit is portioned into different deposit types, depending on the severity of the deposit. Each type of deposit is assigned a demerit factor related to the deposit severity. The demerit factor is multiplied by the area of the deposit type to obtain the demerits for that particular deposit type. The total number of demerits is then obtained by adding together the demerits for each deposit type. Dividing the total number of demerits by the total area of the deposits gives the final deposit demerit panel rating.
• Varnish deposits rate from 0 (clean metal) to 5 (heavy varnish). Sludge deposits rate from 6 (light) to 8 (heavy). Carbon deposits rate from 9 (light carbon) to 11 (heavy/thick carbon). Higher ratings (12 to 20) are given to carbon deposits that crinkle or flake away from the metal surface during the test. The total weight of the deposit formed in 24 hours is also measured.
• Table 1 shows IPDT rating and deposit weight of short chain acid esters made in Example 2 and compares their performance with that of the base ester without the short chain acids. The additive system was held constant in all of these compositions. The deposit control capability of each experimental formulation was tested by IPDT at two separate temperatures: 580°F and 590°F.

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• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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• 2002
  • 2002-11-13 US US10/293,710 patent/US20040092411A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2003
  • 2003-09-22 CA CA002442005A patent/CA2442005A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-11-07 EP EP03257054A patent/EP1420059A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-11-10 JP JP2003379568A patent/JP2004162067A/ja active Pending

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