EP1419353A2 - Installation for high pressure oxygen production by means of air distillation - Google Patents

Installation for high pressure oxygen production by means of air distillation

Info

Publication number
EP1419353A2
EP1419353A2 EP02779604A EP02779604A EP1419353A2 EP 1419353 A2 EP1419353 A2 EP 1419353A2 EP 02779604 A EP02779604 A EP 02779604A EP 02779604 A EP02779604 A EP 02779604A EP 1419353 A2 EP1419353 A2 EP 1419353A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
oxygen
installation
high pressure
installation according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02779604A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Giovanni Massimo
Alain Guillard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP1419353A2 publication Critical patent/EP1419353A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/04084—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04121—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04133—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04539—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/902—Apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention to an installation for producing oxygen and / or nitrogen under high pressure by air distillation.
  • the invention applies to the production of very large quantities of oxygen under high pressure, in particular for the supply of production units of synthetic hydrocarbons.
  • GTL units Industrial synthetic hydrocarbon production units, known as “Gas-To-Liquids” (GTL units), can have a production capacity of around 50,000 barrels per day, which corresponds to a consumption of around 12 000 tonnes per day of oxygen. To produce such quantities of oxygen, it is necessary to provide 'several air distillation units in parallel, typically three or four units. In addition, to bring the oxygen to the high pressure necessary for the operation of the GTL unit, it is advantageous to pump the liquid oxygen produced by distillation to this high pressure, and to vaporize the liquid by exchange of heat with a circulating fluid compressed to a pressure sufficient to allow the vaporization of oxygen, this fluid being typically pressurized air. This avoids the always delicate use of gaseous oxygen compressors.
  • each air distillation unit generally comprises two compression devices: on the one hand, a main air compressor, which supplies all atmospheric air treated at a medium distillation pressure (typically 5 to 8 bars for distillation in an apparatus comprising at least two distillation columns), on the other hand a secondary compressor, in particular an air booster, which brings part of the compressed air flow at a high pressure allowing the vaporization of the pumped liquid oxygen.
  • a main air compressor which supplies all atmospheric air treated at a medium distillation pressure (typically 5 to 8 bars for distillation in an apparatus comprising at least two distillation columns)
  • a secondary compressor in particular an air booster, which brings part of the compressed air flow at a high pressure allowing the vaporization of the pumped liquid oxygen.
  • each main compressor is generally driven by a clean steam turbine, which can be a back pressure turbine, escaping a higher pressure. at "atmospheric pressure, or a condensing turbine, escaping a pressure 'lower than atmospheric pressure and associated with a water condenser, cooled by water or by ambient air, and with a pump recycling of water to the steam boiler.
  • each secondary compressor is driven by a steam turbine
  • the invention aims to reduce the investment associated with installations of the aforementioned type.
  • the subject of the invention is an installation for producing oxygen and / or nitrogen under high pressure by air distillation, characterized in that it comprises main air compression means suitable for compressing atmospheric air to be distilled; expansion means which drive said main compression means; air pre-cooling means; means for purifying air with water and C0 2 ; a main heat exchange line adapted to cool compressed air up to a temperature allowing its distillation; N (N> 1) parallel air distillation apparatus producing liquid oxygen and / or liquid nitrogen; means for pumping liquid oxygen and / or liquid nitrogen at at least one high pressure; and secondary compression means adapted to compress a circulating fluid to a high pressure allowing the vaporization of the liquid oxygen and / or of the liquid nitrogen pumped (s) to form oxygen and / or production nitrogen gas, characterized in that said secondary compression means are driven by electric motors, and in that the installation comprises an auxiliary turbine which drives an alternator, the latter supplying electric • motors (11) with electric current .
  • the secondary compression means comprise N '(N'> 1) secondary compressors, each of which is driven by one of said electric motors;
  • the secondary compressors are air boosters suitable for overpressing part of the compressed air by the main air compression means; said expansion means are turbines similar to said auxiliary turbine;
  • the installation further comprises means for final compression of gaseous oxygen and / or production nitrogen gas adapted to compress oxygen and / or vaporized nitrogen (s) at a high production pressure;
  • the final compression means are driven by electric motors themselves driven by said alternator;
  • the supply of motors with electric current is supplemented by an addition from the electric network, at least at certain stages of operation of the installation;
  • the alternator produces a surplus of electrical energy, which is exported to the electrical network, at least at certain stages of operation of the installation;
  • the installation comprises at least one industrial unit, in particular a unit for the production of synthetic hydrocarbons, supplied with oxygen, and / or nitrogen under high pressure; and said expansion means and said auxiliary turbine are steam turbines, and the industrial unit produces steam which feeds these steam turbines.
  • the installation shown in the drawings comprises four air distillation units in parallel, 1A to ID, which supply high pressure oxygen to one or more GTL 2 unit (s).
  • the high production pressure of units 1A to ID is typically understood. between 30 and 65 bars, and each of these units typically produces around 3000 tonnes of oxygen per day.
  • Each unit 1 (i.e. 1A to ID) includes:
  • an air or water pre-cooler 5 an air or water pre-cooler 5; an apparatus 6 for purifying air with water and C0 2 by adsorption;
  • an air distillation apparatus 8 comprising at least one air distillation column; - at least one liquid oxygen pump 9; and
  • the installation also comprises a fifth condensing steam turbine 12, which can advantageously be analogous to turbines 4A to 4D, that is to say of the same type and substantially of the same power, and which drives a single alternator 13.
  • the latter supplies the four motors 11 with electrical current.
  • the products from the device 8 are heated against the flow of air in the exchange line 7.
  • the liquid oxygen produced by the low pressure column (LOX) is pumped to the high production pressure at 9, and vaporized by condensation of the pressurized air, then reheated near room temperature, to provide the desired flow of high pressure gaseous oxygen (HPGOX).
  • Each compressor 3 consumes a power on the order of 50 to 60 MW, while each booster 10 consumes a power on the order of 15 MW.
  • the steam turbine 12 can be analogous to each of the turbines 4A to 4D, also providing a power of the order of 60 MW. A significant gain can thus be obtained on the stock of spare parts for the entire installation.
  • each distillation unit can optionally supply nitrogen gaseous under high pressure (HPGN) in unit 2.
  • This nitrogen can be compressed in gaseous form by a nitrogen compressor 14, as shown.
  • the nitrogen can be pumped at high pressure in liquid form and vaporized in the exchange line 7 by condensation of an additional flow of pressurized air.
  • the alternator 13 can produce insufficient electrical power to drive the motors 11, in which case an additional electrical power is supplied by the network 15.
  • the alternator can on the contrary produce excess electrical power ; this is then exported to network 15.
  • each compressor 4 compresses the air to a pressure different from the distillation pressure.
  • turbines 3 and 12 can be replaced by gas turbines, especially if the site has natural gas.
  • Electric motors powered by an alternator such as the alternator 13, driven by a turbine can also be used to drive the compressors 14A to 14D and / or additional oxygen compressors 16A to 16B, shown in phantom, which brings gaseous products at their final supply pressure to unit 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an installation for high pressure oxygen production by means of air distillation. The inventive installation comprises: primary air compression means (3) which are driven by turbines (4); N(N>1) air distillation apparatus (8) which produce liquid oxygen and/or liquid nitrogen; at least one pump (9) for pumping the liquid oxygen and/or the liquid nitrogen at at least one high pressure; and secondary compression means (10) which are designed to compress a calorigenic fluid that is used to vaporise said liquid(s). The secondary compression means (10) are driven by electric motors (11) and an auxiliary turbine (12) drives an alternator (13) which supplies electric current to said motors. The invention is suitable for use in supplying synthetic hydrocarbon production units (2) with high pressure nitrogen and/or oxygen.

Description

INSTALLATION DE PRODUCTION D'OXYGENE SOUS HAUTE PRESSION PAR DISTILLATION D'AIR. INSTALLATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OXYGEN UNDER HIGH PRESSURE BY AIR DISTILLATION.
La présente invention à une installation de production d'oxygène et/ou d'azote sous haute pression par distillation d'air.The present invention to an installation for producing oxygen and / or nitrogen under high pressure by air distillation.
L'invention s'applique à la production de très grandes quantités d'oxygène sous haute pression, notamment pour l'alimentation d'unités de production d'hydrocarbures synthétiques . 'The invention applies to the production of very large quantities of oxygen under high pressure, in particular for the supply of production units of synthetic hydrocarbons. '
Les pressions dont il est question ici sont des pressions absolues. Les unités industrielles de production d'hydrocarbures synthétiques, dites « unités GTL » (Gas-To- Liquids) , peuvent avoir une capacité de production de l'ordre de 50 000 barils par jour, ce qui correspond à une consommation d'environ 12 000 tonnes par jour d'oxygène. Pour produire de telles quantités d'oxygène, il est nécessaire de prévoir' plusieurs unités de distillation d'air en parallèle, typiquement trois ou quatre unités. De plus, pour amener l'oxygène à la haute pression nécessaire pour le fonctionnement de l'unité GTL, il est avantageux d'amener par pompage à cette haute pression l'oxygène liquide produit par distillation, et de vaporiser le liquide par échange de chaleur avec un fluide calorigène comprimé à une pression suffisante pour permettre la vaporisation d'oxygène, ce fluide étant typiquement de l'air surpressé. On évite ainsi l'utilisation, toujours délicate, de compresseurs d'oxygène gazeux.The pressures we are talking about here are absolute pressures. Industrial synthetic hydrocarbon production units, known as “Gas-To-Liquids” (GTL units), can have a production capacity of around 50,000 barrels per day, which corresponds to a consumption of around 12 000 tonnes per day of oxygen. To produce such quantities of oxygen, it is necessary to provide 'several air distillation units in parallel, typically three or four units. In addition, to bring the oxygen to the high pressure necessary for the operation of the GTL unit, it is advantageous to pump the liquid oxygen produced by distillation to this high pressure, and to vaporize the liquid by exchange of heat with a circulating fluid compressed to a pressure sufficient to allow the vaporization of oxygen, this fluid being typically pressurized air. This avoids the always delicate use of gaseous oxygen compressors.
Par suite, chaque unité de distillation d'air comprend généralement deux appareils de compression : d'une part, un compresseur principal d'air, qui amène la totalité de l'air atmosphérique traité à une moyenne pression de distillation (typiquement 5 à 8 bars pour une distillation dans un appareil comprenant au moins deux colonnes de distillation), d'autre part un compresseur secondaire, notamment un surpresseur d'air, qui amène une partie du débit d'air comprimé à une haute pression permettant la vaporisation de l'oxygène liquide pompé.As a result, each air distillation unit generally comprises two compression devices: on the one hand, a main air compressor, which supplies all atmospheric air treated at a medium distillation pressure (typically 5 to 8 bars for distillation in an apparatus comprising at least two distillation columns), on the other hand a secondary compressor, in particular an air booster, which brings part of the compressed air flow at a high pressure allowing the vaporization of the pumped liquid oxygen.
Dans la technique habituelle, chaque compresseur principal est généralement entraîné par une turbine à vapeur propre, qui peut être une turbine à contre-pression, échappant à une pression supérieure. à "la pression atmosphérique, ou une turbine à condensation, échappant à une pression' inférieure à la pression atmosphérique et associée à un condenseur d'eau, refroidi par de l'eau ou par de l'air ambiant, et à une pompe de recyclage de l'eau vers la chaudière de production de vapeur. De même, chaque compresseur secondaire est entraîné par une turbine à vapeurIn the usual technique, each main compressor is generally driven by a clean steam turbine, which can be a back pressure turbine, escaping a higher pressure. at "atmospheric pressure, or a condensing turbine, escaping a pressure 'lower than atmospheric pressure and associated with a water condenser, cooled by water or by ambient air, and with a pump recycling of water to the steam boiler. Likewise, each secondary compressor is driven by a steam turbine
"propre. Les turbines à vapeur sont entraînées par détente de la vapeur produite par l'unité GTL. II résulte de cet agencement un coût très élevé des moyens de compression d'air, notamment lorsqu'on utilise des turbines à condensation, qui sont des machines complexes et coûteuses . " clean. The steam turbines are driven by expansion of the steam produced by the GTL unit. This arrangement results in a very high cost of the air compression means, in particular when condensing turbines are used, which are complex and expensive machines.
L'invention a pour but de réduire l'investissement associé aux installations du type précité.The invention aims to reduce the investment associated with installations of the aforementioned type.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une installation de production d'oxygène et/ou d'azote sous haute pression par distillation d'air, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens de compression principale d'air adaptés pour comprimer de l'air atmosphérique à distiller ; des moyens de détente qui entraînent lesdits moyens de compression principale ; des moyens de pré-refroidissement d'air ; des moyens d'épuration d'air en eau et en C02 ; une ligne d' échange thermique principale adaptée pour refroidir l'air comprimé jusqu'à une température permettant sa distillation ; N(N>1) appareils de distillation d'air en parallèle produisant de l'oxygène liquide et/ou de l'azote liquide; des moyens de pompage de l'oxygène liquide et/ou de l'azote liquide à au moins une haute pression; et des moyens de compression secondaire adaptés pour comprimer un fluide calorigène jusqu'à une haute pression permettant la vaporisation de l'oxygène liquide et/ou de l'azote liquide pompé (s) pour former de l'oxygène et/ou de l'azote gazeux de production, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de compression secondaire sont entraînés par des moteurs électriques, et en ce que l'installation comprend une turbine auxiliaire qui entraîne un alternateur, ce dernier alimentant les • moteurs électriques (11) en courant électrique.To this end, the subject of the invention is an installation for producing oxygen and / or nitrogen under high pressure by air distillation, characterized in that it comprises main air compression means suitable for compressing atmospheric air to be distilled; expansion means which drive said main compression means; air pre-cooling means; means for purifying air with water and C0 2 ; a main heat exchange line adapted to cool compressed air up to a temperature allowing its distillation; N (N> 1) parallel air distillation apparatus producing liquid oxygen and / or liquid nitrogen; means for pumping liquid oxygen and / or liquid nitrogen at at least one high pressure; and secondary compression means adapted to compress a circulating fluid to a high pressure allowing the vaporization of the liquid oxygen and / or of the liquid nitrogen pumped (s) to form oxygen and / or production nitrogen gas, characterized in that said secondary compression means are driven by electric motors, and in that the installation comprises an auxiliary turbine which drives an alternator, the latter supplying electric • motors (11) with electric current .
L'installation suivant l'invention peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :The installation according to the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics:
- les moyens de compression secondaire comprennent N' (N'>1) compresseurs secondaires dont chacun est entraîné par l'un desdits moteurs électriques ;- The secondary compression means comprise N '(N'> 1) secondary compressors, each of which is driven by one of said electric motors;
- les compresseurs secondaires sont des surpresseurs d'air adaptés pour surpresser une partie de l'air comprimé par les moyens de compression principale d' air ; lesdits moyens de détente sont des turbines analogues à ladite turbine auxiliaire ;- The secondary compressors are air boosters suitable for overpressing part of the compressed air by the main air compression means; said expansion means are turbines similar to said auxiliary turbine;
- l'installation comprend en outre des moyens de compression finale d'oxygène gazeux et/ou d'azote gazeux de production adaptés pour comprimer à une haute pression de production l'oxygène et/ou l'azote vaporisé (s) ; - les moyens de compression finale sont entraînés par des moteurs électriques eux-mêmes entraînés par ledit alternateur ;- The installation further comprises means for final compression of gaseous oxygen and / or production nitrogen gas adapted to compress oxygen and / or vaporized nitrogen (s) at a high production pressure; - The final compression means are driven by electric motors themselves driven by said alternator;
- l'alimentation des moteurs en courant électrique est complétée par un appoint provenant du réseau électrique, au moins à certaines étapes de fonctionnement de l'installation ; l'alternateur produit un excédent d'énergie électrique, qui est exporté vers le réseau électrique, au moins à certaines étapes de fonctionnement de l'installation ; l'installation comprend au moins une unité industrielle notamment une unité de production d'hydrocarbures synthétiques, alimentée par l'oxygène, et/ou l'azote sous haute pression ; et lesdits moyens de détente et ladite turbine auxiliaire sont des turbines à vapeur, et l'unité industrielle produit de la vapeur d' eau qui alimente ces turbines à vapeur. Un exemple de réalisation de l'invention va maintenant être décrit en regard du dessin annexé, dont la Figure unique représente très schématiquement une installation conforme à l'invention.- the supply of motors with electric current is supplemented by an addition from the electric network, at least at certain stages of operation of the installation; the alternator produces a surplus of electrical energy, which is exported to the electrical network, at least at certain stages of operation of the installation; the installation comprises at least one industrial unit, in particular a unit for the production of synthetic hydrocarbons, supplied with oxygen, and / or nitrogen under high pressure; and said expansion means and said auxiliary turbine are steam turbines, and the industrial unit produces steam which feeds these steam turbines. An embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, the single figure of which very schematically represents an installation according to the invention.
L'installation représentée aux dessins comprend quatre unités de distillation d'air en parallèle, 1A à ID, qui alimentent en oxygène haute pression une ou plusieurs unité (s) GTL 2. La haute pression de production des unités 1A à ID est typiquement comprise entre 30 et 65 bars, et chacune de ces unités produit typiquement 3000 tonnes par jour d'oxygène environ.The installation shown in the drawings comprises four air distillation units in parallel, 1A to ID, which supply high pressure oxygen to one or more GTL 2 unit (s). The high production pressure of units 1A to ID is typically understood. between 30 and 65 bars, and each of these units typically produces around 3000 tonnes of oxygen per day.
Chaque unité 1 (c'est-à-dire 1A à ID) comprend :Each unit 1 (i.e. 1A to ID) includes:
- un compresseur d'air principal 3 entraîné par une turbine de vapeur à condensation 4 qui lui est dédiée ;- a main air compressor 3 driven by a condensing steam turbine 4 which is dedicated to it;
- un pré-refroidisseur d'air 5 à air ou à eau ; - un appareil 6 d'épuration d'air en eau et en C02 par adsorption ;- an air or water pre-cooler 5; an apparatus 6 for purifying air with water and C0 2 by adsorption;
- une ligne d' échange thermique principale 7 ;- a main heat exchange line 7;
- un appareil de distillation d' air 8 comprenant au moins une colonne de distillation d' air ; - au moins une pompe d' oxygène liquide 9 ; et- an air distillation apparatus 8 comprising at least one air distillation column; - at least one liquid oxygen pump 9; and
- un surpresseur d'air 10 entraîné par un moteur électrique 11 qui lui est dédié.- An air booster 10 driven by an electric motor 11 which is dedicated to it.
L' installation comprend en outre une cinquième turbine à vapeur à condensation 12, qui peut être avantageusement analogue aux turbines 4A à 4D, c'est-à-dire de même type et sensiblement de même puissance, et qui entraîne un alternateur unique 13. Ce dernier alimente en courant électrique les quatre moteurs 11. ' En fonctionnement, pour chaque unité 1A à ID, l'air atmosphérique, comprimé en totalité à la moyenne pression de distillation en 3, est pré-refroidi au voisinage de la température ambiante en 5 et épuré en 6. Environ 35% du débit d'air est surpressé en 10. Les deux flux d'air sont refroidis dans la ligne d'échange 7, puis envoyés à la moyenne pression à l'appareil de distillation 8.The installation also comprises a fifth condensing steam turbine 12, which can advantageously be analogous to turbines 4A to 4D, that is to say of the same type and substantially of the same power, and which drives a single alternator 13. The latter supplies the four motors 11 with electrical current. ' In operation, for each unit 1A with ID, the atmospheric air, fully compressed to the medium distillation pressure at 3, is pre-cooled to around ambient temperature by 5 and purified in 6. About 35% of the air flow is boosted in 10. The two air flows are cooled in the exchange line 7, then sent at medium pressure to the distillation apparatus 8.
Les produits issus de l'appareil 8 sont réchauffés à contre-courant des flux d'air dans la ligne d'échange 7. En particulier, l'oxygèn'e liquide produit par la colonne basse pression (LOX) est pompé à la haute pression de production en 9, et vaporisé par condensation de l'air surpressé, puis réchauffé au voisinage de la température ambiante, pour fournir le flux d'oxygène gazeux haute pression désiré (HPGOX) . Chaque compresseur 3 consomme une puissance de l'ordre de 50 à 60 MW, tandis que chaque surpresseur 10 consomme une puissance de l'ordre de 15 MW. Ainsi, la turbine à vapeur 12 peut être analogue à chacune des turbines 4A à 4D, fournissant également une puissance de l'ordre de 60 MW. Un gain important peut ainsi être obtenu sur le stock de pièces de rechange pour l'ensemble de 1' installation.The products from the device 8 are heated against the flow of air in the exchange line 7. In particular, the liquid oxygen produced by the low pressure column (LOX) is pumped to the high production pressure at 9, and vaporized by condensation of the pressurized air, then reheated near room temperature, to provide the desired flow of high pressure gaseous oxygen (HPGOX). Each compressor 3 consumes a power on the order of 50 to 60 MW, while each booster 10 consumes a power on the order of 15 MW. Thus, the steam turbine 12 can be analogous to each of the turbines 4A to 4D, also providing a power of the order of 60 MW. A significant gain can thus be obtained on the stock of spare parts for the entire installation.
Comme indiqué en traits mixtes, chaque unité de distillation peut éventuellement fournir en outre de l'azote gazeux sous haute pression (HPGN) à l'unité 2. Cet azote peut être comprimé sous forme gazeuse par un compresseur d'azote 14, comme représenté. En variante, l'azote peut être pompé à la haute pression sous forme liquide et vaporisé dans la ligne d'échange 7 par condensation d'un débit supplémentaire d'air surpressé.As indicated in dashed lines, each distillation unit can optionally supply nitrogen gaseous under high pressure (HPGN) in unit 2. This nitrogen can be compressed in gaseous form by a nitrogen compressor 14, as shown. Alternatively, the nitrogen can be pumped at high pressure in liquid form and vaporized in the exchange line 7 by condensation of an additional flow of pressurized air.
Comme on le comprend, dans certains cas, l'alternateur 13 peut produire une puissance électrique insuffisante pour entraîner les moteurs 11, auquel cas un appoint de puissance électrique est fourni par le réseau 15. L'alternateur peut au contraire produire une puissance électrique excédentaire ; celle-ci est alors exportée vers le réseau 15.As can be understood, in some cases, the alternator 13 can produce insufficient electrical power to drive the motors 11, in which case an additional electrical power is supplied by the network 15. The alternator can on the contrary produce excess electrical power ; this is then exported to network 15.
Par ailleurs, l'invention s'applique également à des procédés dans lesquels chaque compresseur 4 comprime l'air à une pression différente de la pression de distillation.Furthermore, the invention also applies to processes in which each compressor 4 compresses the air to a pressure different from the distillation pressure.
En variante, les turbines 3 et 12 peuvent être remplacées par des turbines à gaz, notamment si le site dispose de gaz naturel. Des moteurs électriques alimentés par un alternateur tel que l'alternateur 13, entraîné par une turbine, peuvent également être utilisés pour entraîner les compresseurs 14A à 14D et/ou des compresseurs additionnels d'oxygène 16A à 16B, représentés en trait mixte, qui amène les produits gazeux à leur pression finale d'alimentation de l'unité 2. Alternatively, turbines 3 and 12 can be replaced by gas turbines, especially if the site has natural gas. Electric motors powered by an alternator such as the alternator 13, driven by a turbine, can also be used to drive the compressors 14A to 14D and / or additional oxygen compressors 16A to 16B, shown in phantom, which brings gaseous products at their final supply pressure to unit 2.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. Installation de production d'oxygène et/ou d'azote sous haute pression par distillation d'air, caractérisée en ce qu' elle comprend des moyens de compression principale d'air (3) adaptés pour comprimer de l'air atmosphérique à distiller ; des moyens de détente (4) qui entraînent lesdits moyens de compression principale ; des moyens (5) de pré-refroidissement d'air ; des moyens (6) d' épuration d' air en eau et en C02 ; une ligne d' échange thermique principale (7) adaptée pour refroidir l'air comprimé jusqu'à une température permettant sa distillation ; N(N>1) appareils de distillation d'air (8) en parallèle produisant de l'oxygène liquide et/ou de l'azote liquide; des moyens (9) de pompage de l'oxygène liquide et/ou de l'azote liquide à au moins une haute pression; et des moyens (10) de compression secondaire adaptés pour comprimer un fluide calorigène jusqu'à une haute pression permettant la vaporisation de l'oxygène liquide et/ou de l'azote liquide pompé (s) pour former de l'oxygène et/ou de l'azote gazeux de production, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de compression secondaire (10) sont entraînés par des moteurs électriques (11), et en ce que l'installation comprend une turbine auxiliaire (12) qui entraîne un alternateur (13) , ce dernier alimentant les moteurs électriques (11) en courant électrique.CLAIMS 1. Installation for producing oxygen and / or nitrogen under high pressure by air distillation, characterized in that it comprises main air compression means (3) adapted to compress atmospheric air to distill; expansion means (4) which drive said main compression means; air pre-cooling means (5); means (6) for purifying air with water and C0 2 ; a main heat exchange line (7) adapted to cool the compressed air to a temperature allowing its distillation; N (N> 1) air distillation apparatus (8) in parallel producing liquid oxygen and / or liquid nitrogen; means (9) for pumping liquid oxygen and / or liquid nitrogen at at least one high pressure; and secondary compression means (10) adapted to compress a circulating fluid to a high pressure allowing the vaporization of the liquid oxygen and / or of the pumped liquid nitrogen (s) to form oxygen and / or nitrogen gas production, characterized in that said secondary compression means (10) are driven by electric motors (11), and in that the installation comprises an auxiliary turbine (12) which drives an alternator (13 ), the latter supplying electric motors (11) with electric current.
2. Installation suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les moyens (10) de compression secondaire comprennent N'(N'>1) compresseurs secondaires dont chacun est entraîné par l'un desdits moteurs électriques (11) .2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (10) of secondary compression comprise N '(N'> 1) secondary compressors each of which is driven by one of said electric motors (11).
3. Installation suivant la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les compresseurs secondaires (10) sont des surpresseurs d'air adaptés pour surpresser une partie de l'air comprimé par les moyens de compression principale d'air (3).3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the secondary compressors (10) are air blowers adapted to overpress a part of the air compressed by the main air compression means (3).
4. Installation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de détente (4) sont des turbines (4) analogues à ladite turbine auxiliaire (12) .4. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said expansion means (4) are turbines (4) similar to said auxiliary turbine (12).
5. Installation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend en outre des moyens (14, 16) de compression finale d'oxygène gazeux et/ou d'azote gazeux de production, adaptés pour comprimer à une haute pression de production l'oxygène et/ou l'azote vaporisé(s).5. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it further comprises means (14, 16) of final compression of gaseous oxygen and / or nitrogen gas production, adapted to compress at a high production pressure oxygen and / or vaporized nitrogen (s).
6. Installation suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de compression finale (14) sont entraînés par des moteurs électriques eux-mêmes entraînés par ledit alternateur (13) .6. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the final compression means (14) are driven by electric motors themselves driven by said alternator (13).
7. Installation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que l'alimentation des moteurs (11) en courant électrique est complétée par un appoint provenant du réseau électrique (15) , au moins à certaines étapes de fonctionnement de l'installation.7. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the supply of motors (11) with electric current is supplemented by an addition from the electric network (15), at least at certain stages of operation of installation.
8. Installation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que l'alternateur (13) produit un excédent d'énergie électrique, qui est exporté vers le réseau électrique (15) , au moins à certaines étapes de fonctionnement de l'installation.8. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the alternator (13) produces an excess of electrical energy, which is exported to the electrical network (15), at least at certain stages of operation. of the installation.
9. Installation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend.au moins une unité industrielle (2), notamment une unité de production d'hydrocarbures synthétiques, alimentée par l'oxygène et/ou l'azote sous haute pression.9. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises.at least one industrial unit (2), in particular a unit for the production of synthetic hydrocarbons, supplied with oxygen and / or l under high pressure.
10. Installation suivant la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de détente (4) et ladite turbine auxiliaire (12) sont des turbines à vapeur, et en ce que l'unité industrielle (2) produit de la vapeur d'eau qui alimente ces turbines à vapeur. 10. Installation according to claim 9, characterized in that said expansion means (4) and said auxiliary turbine (12) are steam turbines, and in that the industrial unit (2) produces steam which feeds these steam turbines.
EP02779604A 2001-08-14 2002-08-01 Installation for high pressure oxygen production by means of air distillation Withdrawn EP1419353A2 (en)

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FR0110817 2001-08-14
FR0110817A FR2828729B1 (en) 2001-08-14 2001-08-14 HIGH PRESSURE OXYGEN PRODUCTION PLANT BY AIR DISTILLATION
PCT/FR2002/002780 WO2003016804A2 (en) 2001-08-14 2002-08-01 Installation for high pressure oxygen production by means of air distillation

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JP2005500503A (en) 2005-01-06
FR2828729A1 (en) 2003-02-21
FR2828729B1 (en) 2003-10-31

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