EP1412689B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kühlen von zellen eines kammerofens - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kühlen von zellen eines kammerofens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1412689B1
EP1412689B1 EP02740828A EP02740828A EP1412689B1 EP 1412689 B1 EP1412689 B1 EP 1412689B1 EP 02740828 A EP02740828 A EP 02740828A EP 02740828 A EP02740828 A EP 02740828A EP 1412689 B1 EP1412689 B1 EP 1412689B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pit
flux
walls
cooling
flow
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP02740828A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1412689A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Dreyer
Nigel Backhouse
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Rio Tinto France SAS
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Aluminium Pechiney SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B13/00—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge
    • F27B13/02—Furnaces with both stationary charge and progression of heating, e.g. of ring type, of type in which segmental kiln moves over stationary charge of multiple-chamber type with permanent partitions; Combinations of furnaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of so-called "ring furnace” furnaces for firing carbonaceous blocks, including open-type chamber furnaces.
  • the invention concocie more particularly a method and a device for cooling the cells of such ovens before maintenance and maintenance operations.
  • Open chamber type open fire furnaces are well known per se and described in particular in patent applications FR 2,600,152 (corresponding to US Pat. No. 4,859,175) and FR 2,535,834 (corresponding to the British application). GB 2 129 918).
  • a revolving furnace comprises a succession of aligned chambers, each chamber comprising a plurality of elongate cells separated by hollow heating partitions.
  • a firing cycle of carbonaceous blocks typically comprises the charging of the cells of this chamber with green carbonaceous blocks, the heating of this chamber up to the firing temperature of the carbonaceous blocks (typically from 1100 to 1200.degree. ), cooling the chamber to a temperature that allows removal of the burned carbonaceous blocks and cooling of the chamber to room temperature.
  • the principle of the rotating light is to successively carry out the heating cycle on the furnace chambers by a displacement of the heating means (such as burner ramps) and suction means.
  • a given chamber passes successively by periods of preheating, cooking and cooling.
  • a dozen rooms are “active” simultaneously: four in a so-called cooling zone, three in a so-called heating zone, and three in a so-called preheating zone. Active rooms are what is called a "fire”.
  • the Applicant has therefore sought simple and industrializable means to accelerate the cooling of the cells.
  • the subject of the invention is a method for cooling a rotating furnace furnace, characterized in that it comprises producing a flow F of cooling fluid inside the cell and that at least a portion Fr of said stream F flows substantially vertically along determined surfaces of the walls of the cell.
  • the invention also relates to a method of cooling a rotating furnace furnace using the device of the invention.
  • the Applicant has found that the substantially vertical flow of the coolant flow near the walls of the cell allowed to considerably accelerate the rate of cooling of the latter.
  • the invention may thus allow, in certain cases, to eliminate a chamber by fire in an industrial size oven.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view, partially exploded, of a rotating furnace.
  • Figure 2 illustrates, seen from above (Z axis), a span of furnace with rotating light.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the device of the invention, in the standby position, (a) seen from the narrow side (X axis) and (b) seen from the wide side (Y axis).
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the device of the invention, in the deployed position, (a) seen from the narrow side (X axis) and (b) seen from the wide side (Y axis).
  • FIGS 5 and 6 illustrate the movement of the cooling fluid flow obtained with the preferred embodiment of the device of the invention.
  • a rotating furnace comprises a succession of chambers (10, 11, 12, ...) arranged in series.
  • Each chamber comprises an alternation, in the transverse direction (Y axis), elongate cells (2) and hollow heating partitions (3) arranged in the longitudinal direction (X axis).
  • the dotted line (1) of Figure 1 delimits one of the chambers and shows that it comprises several cells (2) arranged in parallel and separated by partitions (3).
  • the cells (2) are delimited by heating partitions (3), transverse wall pillars (4) and a floor (24).
  • the heating partitions (3) and the transverse wall pillars (4) form substantially vertical walls (2A, 2B); the floor (24) forms a substantially horizontal bottom (2C).
  • the ends of the heating partitions (3) generally comprise transverse walls (5) provided with openings (6).
  • the heating partitions (3) comprise thin side walls (9) generally separated by spacers (7) and baffles (8).
  • the heating partitions (3) are provided with access means (20) called “openers” which serve in particular to introduce heating means (such as burner injectors) (not shown) or suction means (21, 22).
  • the elements (2, 3, 4, 5, 24) of the furnace are formed of refractory materials, typically using refractory bricks. Each cell (2) typically has a depth of 5 m.
  • FIG. 1 shows a typical stack of carbonaceous blocks (31) in a cell (2), with a coating powder (32), during a cooking operation thereof.
  • a rotating furnace typically comprises two parallel spans, each having a length of the order of one hundred meters.
  • the spans are generally delimited by lateral walls (23).
  • a gas flow consisting of air, heating gas, vapors released by the carbonaceous blocks or combustion gases (or, most often, a mixture thereof) flows, in the long direction of the furnace (X axis), in a succession of hollow heating partitions (3) which communicate with each other.
  • This gas stream is blown upstream of the active chambers and is sucked downstream thereof.
  • the heat produced by the combustion of the gases is transmitted to the carbonaceous blocks (31) contained in the cells (2), which causes their cooking.
  • the method of cooling a furnace (2) of a rotating furnace, said recess (2) comprising walls (2A, 2B), is characterized in that it comprises the production of a flow F of cooling fluid inside the cell (2) and that at least a portion Fr of said flow F flows substantially vertically along predetermined surfaces of the walls (2A, 2B) of the cell (2).
  • the inside of the cell corresponds to the space normally occupied by the carbonaceous blocks (31) and the coating powder or "dust" (32) during cooking.
  • a substantially vertical flow means a flow for which the vertical component of the gas flow F is significantly larger than the horizontal components (typically about ten times greater), so as to maximize the flow of thermal energy extracted from walls and evacuated outside the cell.
  • Said flow is preferably not very turbulent, and more preferably substantially laminar.
  • Said vertical flow can be ascending or descending.
  • Said flow F is typically a forced flow, which is produced for example by blowing or suction cooling fluid.
  • Said portion Fr of said stream F typically circulates in a so-called "flow" section S near the walls of the cell, with a rapid flow of said fluid in a direction substantially parallel to said walls.
  • the flow Fr circulates preferably in a restricted volume V, close to said walls, which makes it possible to obtain efficient evacuation of the heat from the walls for acceptable fluid flow rates (typically between 1 and 10 Nm 3 / s).
  • Said flux F typically comprises two main components, namely said part Fr, which "licks" the walls of the cell, and a part Fo, which introduces the fluid cooling in the cell.
  • the flows Fr and Fo are substantially parallel and flow in opposite directions, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the flow rates of Fr and Fo are typically substantially identical.
  • the cooling fluid is preferably a gas, or a mixture of gases. It is advantageous to use air in order to limit operating costs, that is to say that said fluid contains air.
  • the cooling fluid is advantageously moist, that is to say it contains water (typically in the form of steam or fine gullets), so as to increase its specific heat capacity.
  • the moisture content of the fluid can be adjusted, for example as a function of the temperature of the walls of the cell.
  • said fluid comprises a mixture of air and moisture.
  • the fluid that is injected into the cell is air at room temperature more or less loaded with moisture.
  • the flow of cooling fluid can be in open circuit, in that it is discharged into the ambient atmosphere after absorbing part of the heat of the walls of a cell during its flow inside the cell. this.
  • Said first means (101) is typically a ventilation means, such as a suction or blowing means.
  • Said second means (103) is advantageously a so-called “confinement” means capable of reducing the flow section S of said flow F close to the walls of the cell, so as to cause a rapid flow of said fluid in a substantially parallel direction to the said walls.
  • the flow F then circulates in a restricted volume V near said walls.
  • the flow section S is approximately equal to L x P, where L is the confinement width and P is the average internal perimeter of the cell.
  • the width L is preferably between 5 cm and 25 cm, and more preferably between 10 cm and 20 cm. Width too low leads to significant pressure drops. Width too large leads to a flow rate too low, and therefore insufficient cooling speed.
  • the confinement of said flow F also causes an increase in the flow velocity Ve of said fluid.
  • the flow rate of the cooling fluid in said portion Fr of said stream F is advantageously between 2 and 20 m / s. Too low a speed does not reduce interestingly the cooling time of a cell. On the other hand, a very high flow rate requires expensive ventilation means and high energy consumption.
  • the fluid flow rate of said flow is typically between 1 and 10 Nm 3 / s for industrial furnaces.
  • the containment means (103) is typically a conduit, such as a rigid or flexible conduit or a flexible skirt, a first end of which is connected to said (or each said) ventilation means (101) and a second end thereof (104) can be placed inside the cell (2).
  • the cooling fluid which is set in motion by means (or means) of ventilation (101), is guided by the conduit and injected into the cell (or sucked from it). ci) by at least one opening at said second end (104).
  • the conduit restricts the flow area S of said flow by forcing said flow to flow between the surface of said conduit and said walls (2A, 2B).
  • the containment means (103) is advantageously removable and / or retractable, so as to facilitate the establishment of the device.
  • the containment means (103) may be a detachable rigid conduit (i.e., a conduit that can be detached from the device (100)) which can be put into place in the cell and then connected to the ventilation means (101) of said device.
  • the containment means (103) can be connected to the ventilation means (101) by means of a connecting means (102).
  • the containment means (103) is a retractable tubular conduit having at least one retracted position (as shown in FIG. 3) and at least one deployed position (as illustrated in Figure 4).
  • the length of said duct can then be variable or adjustable. This embodiment has the advantage of allowing easy implementation of the device.
  • the retractable tubular duct may be in the form of a bellows (typically when the section is substantially circular or ovoid) or of accordion (typically when the section is substantially rectangular or square), which facilitates its deployment.
  • Said duct may also have other structures, such as a telescopic structure formed of several duct sections slidably inserted into one another.
  • the conduit (103) may be retracted or deployed using the deployment means (106, 107), such as a motor and cables.
  • the duct (103) is preferably such that it can be deployed to a short distance D from the bottom (2C) of the cell, said distance D being preferably less than about 50 cm.
  • the distance D is typically of the order of 20 cm.
  • the duct dimensions are preferably such that the average distance E between it and the walls of the cell is between 5 and 25 cm, and more preferably between 10 and 20 cm.
  • a too small distance leads to significant losses of load which can be crippling. Too much distance leads to flow rate too low, and therefore insufficient cooling rate. A distance of about 15 cm was found to be very satisfactory.
  • said first means (which are typically ventilation means) can produce a downward flow in the or each said duct and an upward vertical flow along said walls (2A, 2B) of the cell ( 2).
  • said first means can produce an upward flow in the or each said duct and a vertical flow down along said walls (2A, 2B) of the cell (2).
  • the ventilation means (101) are blowing means, such as a fan, when seeking to create an upward flow along the walls (2A, 2B) and suction means when seeking to create a downflow along the walls (2A, 2B).
  • the so-called "open" end (104) of the (or of each ) conduit (103) may be provided with a diffuser (108) adapted to promote upward deflection of the fluid flow exiting the conduit by said end.
  • the diffuser is advantageously such that it reduces the pressure drop at the so-called open end (104) of (or each) conduit (103).
  • the conduit is preferably made of a flexible material, high modulus, able to withstand temperatures of less than or equal to about 250 ° C and the blowing pressure, such as an aromatic polyamide fiber (such as Kevlar® ).
  • Said material may be a composite, such as a multilayer. Said material is preferably still sealed in order to reduce in particular the pressure losses along said conduit.
  • said material may be, for example, a multilayer composite comprising a flexible fabric (such as a Kevlar® fabric) and a waterproof layer (such as an aluminum layer).
  • a multilayer comprising a flexible layer and an aluminum layer (on the outside surface of the duct) also makes it possible to reflect the thermal radiation coming from the walls of the duct. the cell and thus avoid excessive heating of the underlying flexible layer.
  • the device of the invention (100) is preferably removable. It advantageously comprises support elements (105) which make it possible to manipulate and position it above a cell.
  • the device according to the invention is suitable for implementing the cooling method of the invention.
  • the deployment of the conduit may follow a predetermined progression or be controlled according to measurable parameters such as the temperature of the walls of the cell.
  • Cooling tests of a cell of a rotating furnace were carried out with a device of the invention comparable to that shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the cell had a depth of 4.76 m. and an interior section of 23.7 m 2 .
  • the cooling fluid was more or less loaded with moisture.
  • the speed of the air flow was typically 5 to 10 m / s.
  • the air flow was about 3 m 3 / s per fan (and therefore 6 m 3 / s total).
  • the average distance E between the walls of the cell and the duct (103) was about 15 cm. The flow was descending into the ducts and ascending along the walls of the cell.
  • the cooling of the cell was measured using thermocouples stuck in its walls.
  • the initial temperature of the bottom of the cell was about 130 to 200 ° C, depending on the position in the direction of fire.
  • the time required for the bottom temperature of the cell to drop to 20 ° C was typically 40 hours. With the device of the invention, this time could be reduced to values of the order of 10 hours.
  • the device of the invention proved to be quiet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)

Claims (26)

  1. Verfahren zum Kühlen einer Zelle (2) eines Ringkammerofens, wobei die Zelle (2) Wände (2A, 2B) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die Erzeugung eines Flusses F von Kühlmittel innerhalb der Zelle (2) umfasst und dass zumindest ein Teil Fr des Flusses F im wesentlichen vertikal an bestimmten Oberflächen der Wände (2A, 2B) der Zelle (2) entlang fließt.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Fluss F ein Zwangsfluss ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zwangsfluss durch Blasen oder Absaugen des Kühlmittels erzeugt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fließgeschwindigkeit des Kühlmittels im Teil Fr des Flusses F 2 bis 20 m/s beträgt.
  5. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kühlmitteldurchsatz des Flusses 1 bis 10 Nm3/s beträgt.
  6. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vertikale Fließbewegung aufsteigend ist.
  7. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vertikale Fließbewegung absteigend ist.
  8. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Fluss F einen Teil Fo umfasst, der im Wesentlichen parallel zum Teil Fr verläuft und in eine entgegengesetzte Richtung fließt.
  9. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kühlmittel Luft enthält.
  10. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kühlmittel Wasser enthält.
  11. Vorrichtung zum Kühlen (100) einer Zelle (2) eines Ringkammerofens, wobei die Zelle (2) Wände (2A, 2B) und einen Boden (2C) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie umfasst:
    - mindestens ein erstes Mittel (101) zur Erzeugung eines Kühlmittelflusses innerhalb der Zelle (2);
    - mindestens ein zweites Mittel (103) zur Bewirkung einer im Wesentlichen vertikalen Fließbewegung wenigstens eines Teils Fr des Flusses F an bestimmten Oberflächen der Wände (2A, 2B) der Zelle (2) entlang.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Mittel ein Lüftungsmittel ist.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Mittel ein Einschlussmittel zur Reduzierung des Durchflussquerschnitts S des Flusses F in der Nähe der Zellenwände ist, so dass ein schneller Durchfluss des Kühlmittels in einer zu den Wänden im Wesentlichen parallelen Richtung bewirkt wird.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einschlussmittel (103) herausnehmbar ist.
  15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einschlussmittel (103) einziehbar ist.
  16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Ausziehmittel (106, 107) zum Ausziehen bzw. Einziehen des Einschlussmittels (103) aufweist.
  17. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einschlussmittel (103) ein Rohr ist, von dem ein erstes Ende mit dem bzw. jedem Lüftungsmittel (101) verbunden ist und ein zweites Ende (104) innerhalb der Zelle (2) angeordnet werden kann.
  18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohr die Form eines Balgs oder eines Akkordeons annimmt.
  19. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dimensionen des Rohrs so gewählt sind, dass der mittlere Abstand E zwischen dem Rohr und den Wänden (2A, 2B) der Zelle (2) 5 bis 25 cm beträgt.
  20. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Mittel einen absteigenden Fluss in dem bzw. jedem Rohr und einen aufsteigenden Fluss an den Wänden (2A, 2B) der Zelle (2) entlang bewirken können.
  21. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Ende (104) mit einem Diffusor (108) versehen ist, der eine Ablenkung des aus dem Ende austretenden Kühlmittelflusses nach oben zu begünstigen vermag.
  22. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten Mittel einen aufsteigenden Fluss in dem bzw. jedem Rohr und eine vertikale absteigende Fließbewegung an den Wänden (2A, 2B) der Zelle (2) entlang bewirken können.
  23. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 17 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bzw. jedes Rohr (103) so ausgelegt ist, dass es bis zu einem Abstand D vom Boden (2C) der Zelle von weniger als etwa 50 cm ausziehbar ist.
  24. Verwendung der Kühlvorrichtung (100) nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 11 bis 23 zum Kühlen einer Zelle (2) eines Ringkammerofens.
  25. Verwendung der Kühlvorrichtung (100) nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 11 bis 23 zur Durchführung des Kühlverfahrens nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10.
  26. Verfahren zum Kühlen einer Zelle (2) eines Ringkammerofens, umfassend:
    - das Einbringen der Kühlvorrichtung (100) nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 11 bis 23;
    - das Erzeugen eines Kühlmittelflusses innerhalb der Zelle (2).
EP02740828A 2001-05-30 2002-05-28 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kühlen von zellen eines kammerofens Expired - Lifetime EP1412689B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0107083 2001-05-30
FR0107083A FR2825455B1 (fr) 2001-05-30 2001-05-30 Procede et dispositif de refroidissement des alveoles d'un four a chambres
PCT/FR2002/001785 WO2002097349A1 (fr) 2001-05-30 2002-05-28 Procede et dispositif de refroidissement des alveoles d'un four a chambres

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP1412689A1 EP1412689A1 (de) 2004-04-28
EP1412689B1 true EP1412689B1 (de) 2006-08-16

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US (1) US7192271B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1412689B1 (de)
CN (1) CN100357691C (de)
AR (1) AR033782A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE336702T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2002314263B2 (de)
BR (1) BR0209655A (de)
CA (1) CA2446794A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60214002D1 (de)
EG (1) EG23027A (de)
ES (1) ES2269722T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2825455B1 (de)
NO (1) NO328741B1 (de)
NZ (1) NZ529515A (de)
RO (1) RO121490B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2260158C1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002097349A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA200308665B (de)

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DE29614958U1 (de) * 1996-08-28 1998-01-02 Häßler, Andreas, Dipl.-Ing. (FH), 89155 Erbach Vorrichtung zum Entgasen und Kühlen von gestapeltem keramischen Brenngut in Durchlauföfen
FR2777072B1 (fr) * 1998-04-03 2000-05-19 Pechiney Aluminium Procede et dispositif de regulation des fours de cuisson a feu tournant
FR2779811B1 (fr) * 1998-06-11 2000-07-28 Pechiney Aluminium Four a feu tournant a flux central tubulaire

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US20040137396A1 (en) 2004-07-15
CN100357691C (zh) 2007-12-26
ES2269722T3 (es) 2007-04-01
FR2825455A1 (fr) 2002-12-06
ZA200308665B (en) 2004-11-08
WO2002097349A1 (fr) 2002-12-05
FR2825455B1 (fr) 2003-07-11
NO20035195L (no) 2003-11-21
EG23027A (en) 2004-01-31
EP1412689A1 (de) 2004-04-28
RO121490B1 (ro) 2007-06-29
DE60214002D1 (de) 2006-09-28
AR033782A1 (es) 2004-01-07
CA2446794A1 (fr) 2002-12-05
RU2260158C1 (ru) 2005-09-10
CN1513108A (zh) 2004-07-14
RU2003137804A (ru) 2005-05-27
US7192271B2 (en) 2007-03-20
NO328741B1 (no) 2010-05-03
AU2002314263B2 (en) 2008-04-17
NO20035195D0 (no) 2003-11-21
ATE336702T1 (de) 2006-09-15
NZ529515A (en) 2006-04-28
BR0209655A (pt) 2004-04-20

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