EP1409158A2 - Screening method for size sorting of feathers, down, wood needles, or the like maintained in suspension in a fluid - Google Patents

Screening method for size sorting of feathers, down, wood needles, or the like maintained in suspension in a fluid

Info

Publication number
EP1409158A2
EP1409158A2 EP01907827A EP01907827A EP1409158A2 EP 1409158 A2 EP1409158 A2 EP 1409158A2 EP 01907827 A EP01907827 A EP 01907827A EP 01907827 A EP01907827 A EP 01907827A EP 1409158 A2 EP1409158 A2 EP 1409158A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
materials
enclosure
sieve
sieves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01907827A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1409158B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Monjarret
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1409158A2 publication Critical patent/EP1409158A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1409158B1 publication Critical patent/EP1409158B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
    • B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/18—Drum screens
    • B07B1/20—Stationary drums with moving interior agitators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B68—SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
    • B68G—METHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B68G3/00—Treating materials to adapt them specially as upholstery filling
    • B68G3/08—Preparation of bed feathers from natural feathers

Definitions

  • the invention provides a solution for calibrating into two categories, in a fluid, materials with varied volumes and densities close to the fluid used after total immersion in this fluid.
  • the invention finds at this level all its interest: knowing that on a volatile, such as duck for example, 35 to 45% of the weight of the feathers are put in non-recoverable waste for bedding at the end of the complete process of treatment of feathers (washing, steaming, dusting, storage, transport, etc.), it is preferable to separate before any feather treatment those intended for bedding from those which will be sent to the squarers.
  • the prototype according to the present invention, used on feathers gives a striking result.
  • the invention allows several calibration results by modification of the sieves. It is possible, in the example of the feathers, to separate the feathers of sizes greater than about 5 centimeters, from others of various sizes and shapes but smaller.
  • the invention provides a method, and a preferred machine, for calibrating with a fluid materials between them, more or less bulky, and whose densities after total immersion are close to the fluid, or even lower. case for example wooden needles, of a few centimeters for example, or various feathers of volatiles intended for the lining of the bedding in particular These enumerations of materials are not exhaustive
  • the principle of the invention is to maintain in a state of suspension, in the fluid, of the materials to be calibrated during the calibration process Indeed, the maintenance in suspension makes it possible to separate one by one the elements which constitute the initial material to be calibrated
  • a current of permanent fluid passes through a sieve, this fluid carries with it the finest elements in proportion to the orifices of the sieve
  • the staggered mixing of the fluid mixture and the materials to be calibrated prevents these materials from amalgamating with each other, by caking effect, or from amalgamating at the inlet of the screen orifices during the movement of the fluid from upstream to downstream sieves
  • This stirring can be carried out by a shaft and blades, creating a light cent ⁇ figation effect in a vertical cylinder or not
  • This cent ⁇ figation effect is interesting in the case where the materials to be calibrated are of different relative densities and of which those intended to cross the sieves are denser than the others, thus facilitating sieving by bringing these materials closer to the sieves located on the periphery on the parches of the brewing enclosure
  • This stirring can be the occasion of a chemical treatment in an aqueous medium of the materials to be calibrated, by adding surfactants or others, and this during the calibration process, in a closed circuit as for the fluid used
  • the use of tensio- active can improve the wettability of the materials, color them, disinfect them, or other effects
  • a surfactant, or additive can also be used to modify in an aqueous medium the relative densities of the fluid and the materials to calibrate, this in order to improve the propensity of the materials to remain in suspension in the fluid after their immersion in this fluid
  • a second method of applying the invention is to divide the same enclosure (fugure 5), using the sieves, into two superimposed zones (1 and 2), with flow of the fluid, by gravity, of a zone upper (1) to the other lower zone (2), via the screens (3). Draining (7) of the fluid through the downstream area of the screen creates the flow, but this flow is regulated as a function of the size of the screens and of the materials to be calibrated in order to avoid any bottleneck effect at the screen inlets.
  • a compromise has to be found to obtain a speed of calibration, or productivity. This compromise depends, among other things, on the number of orifices which constitute the sieve and on the fineness of the desired calibration.
  • the characteristics of the sieve will depend on the materials to be calibrated.
  • the sieve consists of two main parts. One is made up of multiple tubes (15), juxtaposed in linear series. These linear series of tubes are positioned on the walls of the mixing enclosure (1) perpendicular to the direction of mixing of this enclosure (FIG. 4). The other is an outlet stop (23) for each series of tubes.
  • the tubes (15) juxtaposed in lines, or checkerboard form the orifices (22 and 23) of the sieves and have a shape and a size adapted to the materials to be calibrated during their possible passage through the sieves.
  • These tubes (15) are of identical shape, more or less elongated (A) and of more or less large diameter (C).
  • Each tube will preferably be uncurved in order to eliminate any risk of blocking of the materials having curved shapes and by misfortune positioned in the opposite direction from the curved shape of the tube.
  • the stop (17) of the screens it forms a bend (18) approaching 90 degrees, open on one side (20) to allow the flow of fluid and materials passing through the screen.
  • This stop will have its opening (20) turned in the direction of mixing of the fluid in the screening enclosure.
  • This stop will be positioned at the outlet (23) of the sieve tubes, but at a distance (B) sufficient to allow the fluid and the materials thus selected to flow.
  • the cumulative length of the tubes and the space between the ends of the tubes and the stop A + B) is such that the elements which are too long cannot pass beyond this sieve.
  • a material such as a feather (19) for example, engaged in a tube (15), coming into contact with the stop (17), and of a length such that it does not sufficiently exceed the inlet orifice (22) of the tube, then a compromise between the sizes A, B, C and D of the sieve must allow this material to continue its path downstream of the sieve, helped by the friction, in the parts of the sieve, of the fluid alone or fluid loaded with materials.
  • the goal is not to obstruct the sieve holes so as not to create a bottleneck effect for the flow of fluid and possible materials.
  • a closed fluid circuit saves the amount of fluid to be used during the calibration process.
  • the selected elements after their passage through the sieve, then the passage in the enclosure (2) serving as an envelope for the first ( Figure 1), and finally the passage beyond the valve (7) of the same second enclosure, are separated fluid by a separating device. Beyond this separator, the fluid which purifies the selected materials leaves via a device, pumping for example, upstream of the calibration process located at the level of the enclosure provided with the sieves
  • FIG. 1 shows, in lateral perspective, an example of two chambers one inside the other, one of which is provided with a stirring device with blades, and the closed fluid circuit
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the tank provided with a screen, and a central shaft with blades for stirring the immersed material
  • Figures 3 provides a front view of several possible modes of sieves, with rectangular holes, and the stop having a bend close to 90 degrees
  • FIG. 4 again shows the same mode of sieve present in FIG. 3, but with an elevated lateral perspective
  • the sieve is present integral with the belt (21) of the cylinder
  • a feather is positioned in a sieve holes, but stopped by the stop plate due to its length and rigidity
  • FIG 5 shows, in addition to figure 1, another possible configuration of the speakers. They are superimposed here, and separated by the screens. The numbers are the same as on figure 1 for equivalent functions.
  • the principle is based on the flow of a fluid from an initial zone, to a secondary zone, via a sieve, with the help of a continuous supply of fluid upstream of the system, proportional to the flow of fluid leaving the zone secondary by a draining valve effect of communicating vessels This fluid will entrain part of the elements contained in the initial zone towards the drainage of the secondary zone
  • the prototype developed proposes a preferred embodiment of the invention applied to raw, wet duck feather
  • a vertical cylindrical tank (1) such as a standard barrel 200 liters, positioned in a tank (2) of any shape but of sufficient height to allow the immersion of about three-quarters of the height of the cylinder (1).
  • This cylinder (1) is provided with screens (3, 4 and 5) distributed over its periphery, in vertical rows of orifices in sufficient number to allow a sufficient flow of fluid for the productivity of the calibration.
  • These columns of orifices are as high as the cylinder itself, except for a stripping at the base of the cylinder in the case of heavy particles such as metal parts, stones, offal of birds in the case of calibration of feathers coming directly from a slaughterhouse, or other, which can be deposited at the base of the cylinder.
  • This cylinder is crossed by a motorized rotary axis and provided with blades (6). These blades graze the sieves.
  • the sieves are a series of small tubes (15), square or not, about 2 to 5 centimeters (C) in side or diameter, and about 3 to 5 centimeters long (A).
  • a plate (17) serving as a stopper is fixed on the outlet side (23) of the tubes so that the elements that are too long or too rigid, which will engage in the small tubes, come into abutment on this plate, and turn back into the cylindrical tank thanks to the action of stirring in this cylinder.
  • the materials or the bubbling of the fluid will release these elements stationary momentarily in the small tubes of the sieve, and releasing the orifices (22) again to continue the calibration.
  • This abutment plate (17), bent (18) is spaced from the outer end (23) of the tubes by about 2 to 3 centimeters (16), and open (20) on the side opposite to the direction of mixing of the fluid in the cylinder.
  • an element (feather for example, Figure 4) of length much greater than A + B, coming into abutment on the abutment plate (17), tends to be positioned at an angle in the direction of mixing (19). It is therefore appropriate that the base of this feather element remains in abutment until it is released by stirring, without the risk of being entrained by the permanent flow of fluid converging towards the outside of the cylinder through the screen.
  • An enclosure serving as an envelope (2) receives the fluid charged with the selected materials (8) at the outlet of the screens.
  • This enclosure of any shape but sealed, surrounds the cylinder (1) because in our embodiment of the invention, the screens are distributed over its entire periphery.
  • This enclosure, enveloping the cylinder, has a level of fluid necessarily close to that of the cylinder.
  • the quantity of raw feathers to be introduced into the cylinder (1) is approximately 3 to 7 kilograms for the prototype cylinder having 50 centimeters in diameter and 80 centimeters in height.
  • the calibration process can then start by simultaneously opening, and at equivalent flow rates, the fluid supply valve (9) from the top of the cylinder, and the drain valve (7) located at the outlet of the tank-envelope. (2).
  • the calibration time, for 4 kilograms, is approximately 3 minutes with the prototype. This productivity can be multiplied by a higher sizing of the screens, the size of the tanks and cylinders, the flow of fluid, etc.
  • the invention provides for recovering this fluid in a closed circuit (14) beyond the drain valve (7) after having purified the fluid. its feathers in suspension thanks to a separating device (10).
  • the selected feathers because they have passed the sieve, are removed from the system by means such as a conveyor for example.
  • the cycle thus presented of the calibration process can be modified according to the composition of the materials to be calibrated.
  • a material composed mainly of elements crossing the screen makes it possible to avoid emptying of the trapped materials, upstream of the screens, at the end of each calibration process, the latter remaining in small quantities upstream of the screens.
  • calibration then becomes as follows A regular and continuous supply of materials upstream of the sieves into the brewing cylinder, then stop feeding, and allow the calibration process to continue as described by the invention over a period of time judged sufficient, and then proceed to the actual emptying of the materials used upstream of the sieve in accordance with the process decnt by the invention This process allows to significantly increase the productivity of the calibration in the case of materials mainly composed of elements crossing the sieve
  • the productivity per hour can reach several hundred kilograms of raw feathers entered into the machine, in dry equivalent weight, depending on the dimensions of the machine.
  • the invention allows total and easy adaptation of the size of the system, by juxtaposed modules. , an envelope-tank can contain several cylinders equipped with stirring and sieve A stirring cylinder can also have a large size
  • the invention makes it possible to eliminate most of the feathers that cannot be used for the host, that is to say up to 40% of the weight of feathers entered into the machine.
  • the machine makes it possible to calibrate the feathers according to the lengths
  • the treatment of feathers for bedding is then limited to only materials calibrated by the invention
  • wet feathers from slaughterhouses are most often loaded with waste of all kinds, such as legs or heads of slaughtered animals, organ meats, or even whole animals that have fallen from the slaughter line.
  • These intrusive materials make it difficult to wash the feathers in a single operation because of the odors caused during steaming after washing.
  • the invention proposes a happy response by perpetuating to keep prisoners the intruders within the screening enclosure due to the sieves and the lower part of this enclosure which serves as a retention for these heavy materials.
  • the tests with the prototype made it possible to separate the feathers of sizes less than 4 centimeters, from those larger than this size, for a type of sieve having, on the one hand, tubes with orifices of smaller size, and on the other apart, a smaller distance between the end of these tubes and the stop, all other things being equal.
  • This allows the use of the invention in successive stages in successive calibration chambers with adapted sieves, in order to calibrate the raw materials in a same flow in 3 or 4 different sizes.
  • the first enclosure keeps larger elements prisoners, the others flow to a second enclosure, which in turn keeps prisoners of intermediate sizes elements, etc.

Abstract

The invention concerns a screening method and machine for size sorting in a fluid (9), into two categories, of materials with different volumes and density close to that of the fluid used after total immersion in said fluid. Mechanical stirring (6) means upstream of the sieves, optionally combined with the use of surfactants in an aqueous medium, maintain said materials to be size-sorted suspended in said fluid. The fluid circulates from upstream to downstream of the sieves. Only the materials below a certain size, volume or weight, maintained suspended in the fluid, pass through the size-sorting sieves (15). The sieves are immersed in the fluid and do not slow down the liquid flow passing through them. To obtain further size-sorted categories, it is possible to organise the inventive process sequentially. The invention is useful in poultry processing plants, processing feathers and down for padding purposes, purifying foreign matter in pasty mixtures and the like.

Description

Calibrage, par tamisage, des plumes, duvets, aiguilles de bois, ou similaires maintenus en suspension dans un fluide Sizing, by sieving, of feathers, down, wooden needles, or the like kept in suspension in a fluid
L'invention donne solution pour calibrer en deux catégories, dans un fluide, des matières à volumes variés et à densités proches du fluide utilisé après immersion totale dans ce fluide.The invention provides a solution for calibrating into two categories, in a fluid, materials with varied volumes and densities close to the fluid used after total immersion in this fluid.
Historique :History:
La séparation par centrifugation des matères immergées dans un fluide est courante. Ces matières doivent être de densité sensiblement différentes de celle du fluide, d'une part. D'autre part, dans le cas d'un mélange aléatoire de matières à volumes et formes diverses, leur séparation en deux groupes devient difficile par la simple centrifugation : un effet d'auto-tamisage se crée par amalgame des matières des deux groupes entre eux, du fait de leurs formes plus ou moins encombrantes ou accrochantes.Separation by centrifugation of materials immersed in a fluid is common. These materials must be of density substantially different from that of the fluid, on the one hand. On the other hand, in the case of a random mixture of materials of various volumes and shapes, their separation into two groups becomes difficult by simple centrifugation: a self-screening effect is created by amalgamating the materials of the two groups between them, because of their more or less bulky or hanging shapes.
L'utilisation de fluide, pour séparer des matières à densité voisine du fluide après immersion totale, est tout simplement écartée. Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, pour le calibrage des plumes de volatiles destinées à la literie, la méthode utilisée est le calibrage par colonnes d'aspiration d'air (machines nommées Trieuses), de plumes sèches. Le principe est de brasser les plumes de tailles diverses à la base d'une colonne d'aspiration d'air. Plus l'aspiration sera faible, plus les matières aspirées dans la colonne ascendante seront fines et légères. Cependant, sachant qu'à la sortie de l'abattoir les plumes sont soit humides, soit mouillées, le séchage de la matière devient impératif avant le calibrage à sec par les colonnes d'air. De plus, un prélavage peut s'avérer nécessaire en corollaire au séchage lorsque les graisses animales ou encrassements altèrent la matière à calibrer. Trop de graisse rend le séchage difficile, et ce séchage fixe davantage la graisse à la plume. Un encrassement excessif de la plume modifie son poids réel, et ainsi perturbe de calibrage par la méthode d'aspiration en colonnes. Enfin, une plume encrassée peut être également malodorante, et encrasser à son tour les machines utilisées pour les traitements avant lavage.The use of fluid, to separate materials with a density close to the fluid after total immersion, is simply excluded. Thus, for example, for the calibration of volatile feathers intended for bedding, the method used is the calibration by air suction columns (machines called sorters), of dry feathers. The principle is to stir the feathers of various sizes at the base of an air suction column. The lower the suction, the finer and lighter the materials sucked into the ascending column. However, knowing that at the exit of the slaughterhouse the feathers are either wet or wet, the drying of the material becomes imperative before dry calibration by the air columns. In addition, a prewash may be necessary as a corollary to drying when animal fats or fouling alter the material to be calibrated. Too much grease makes drying difficult, and this drying fixes the grease more to the pen. Excessive fouling of the pen changes its actual weight, and thus disrupts calibration by the column suction method. Finally, a dirty feather can also be smelly, and in turn foul the machines used for treatments before washing.
L'invention trouve à ce niveau tout son intérêt : sachant que sur un volatile, tel que canard par exemple, 35 à 45% du poids des plumes sont mis en déchets non valorisables pour la literie à la fin du processus complet de traitement de plumes (lavage, étuvage, dépoussiérage, stockage, transports,etc), il est préférable de séparer avant tout traitement de plumes celles qui sont destinées à la literie de celles qui seront acheminées vers les équarisseurs. Le prototype selon la présente invention, utilisé sur des plumes, donne un résultat saisissant. L'invention autorise plusieurs résultats de calibrage par modification des tamis. Il est possible, dans l'exemple des plumes, de séparer les plumes de tailles supérieures à environ 5 centimètres, des autres de tailles et formes diverses mais plus petites. Ces tailles les plus petites constituent la valeur noble de la matière d'origine, à la plus forte valeur sur le marché de la plume. Il en découle qu'il est préférable de calibrer dans un fluide et ne concerver pour le traitement total que les éléments les plus nobles de la matière d'origine. De plus, si ce calibrage dans un fluide est réalisé dès l'abattoir, avec la même eau que celle déjà utilisée pour le déplacement des plumes dans l'abattoir, seules les plumes sélectionnées seront à transporter vers l'usine de traitement de plumes, et les plus grandes seront acheminées directement vers les équarisseurs. Bien d'autres avantages sont mesurables par les professionnels eux-mêmesThe invention finds at this level all its interest: knowing that on a volatile, such as duck for example, 35 to 45% of the weight of the feathers are put in non-recoverable waste for bedding at the end of the complete process of treatment of feathers (washing, steaming, dusting, storage, transport, etc.), it is preferable to separate before any feather treatment those intended for bedding from those which will be sent to the squarers. The prototype according to the present invention, used on feathers, gives a striking result. The invention allows several calibration results by modification of the sieves. It is possible, in the example of the feathers, to separate the feathers of sizes greater than about 5 centimeters, from others of various sizes and shapes but smaller. These smallest sizes constitute the noble value of the original material, at the highest value on the pen market. It follows that it is preferable to calibrate in a fluid and only keep for the total treatment the most noble elements of the original material. In addition, if this calibration in a fluid is carried out from the slaughterhouse, with the same water as that already used for moving the feathers in the slaughterhouse, only the selected feathers will be transported to the feather processing plant, and the largest will be routed directly to the renderers. Well other benefits are measurable by the professionals themselves
L'invention propose un procède, et une machine préférée, afin de calibrer a l'aide d'un fluide des matières entre elles, plus ou moins volumineuses, et dont les densités après immersion totale sont voisines du fluide, voire inférieures Tel est le cas par exemple des aiguilles de bois, de quelques centimètres par exemple, ou des plumes diverses de volatiles destinées au garnissage de la literie notamment Ces enumerations de matières ne sont pas exhaustivesThe invention provides a method, and a preferred machine, for calibrating with a fluid materials between them, more or less bulky, and whose densities after total immersion are close to the fluid, or even lower. case for example wooden needles, of a few centimeters for example, or various feathers of volatiles intended for the lining of the bedding in particular These enumerations of materials are not exhaustive
Le principe de l'invention est de maintenir en état de suspension, dans le fluide, des matières a calibrer lors du processus de calibrage En effet, le maintien en suspension permet de séparer un a un les éléments qui constituent la matière initiale a calibrerThe principle of the invention is to maintain in a state of suspension, in the fluid, of the materials to be calibrated during the calibration process Indeed, the maintenance in suspension makes it possible to separate one by one the elements which constitute the initial material to be calibrated
Un courant de fluide permanant traverse un tamis, ce fluide entraîne avec lui les éléments les plus fins proportionnellement aux orifices du tamisA current of permanent fluid passes through a sieve, this fluid carries with it the finest elements in proportion to the orifices of the sieve
Le brassage en quinconce du mélange fluide et matières a calibrer évite que ces matières ne s'amalgament entre elles, par effet de mottage, ou ne s'amalgament a l'entrée des orifices du tamis lors du déplacement du fluide d'amont en aval des tamisThe staggered mixing of the fluid mixture and the materials to be calibrated prevents these materials from amalgamating with each other, by caking effect, or from amalgamating at the inlet of the screen orifices during the movement of the fluid from upstream to downstream sieves
Ce brassage peut être réalise par un arbre et des pales, créant un effet de centπfigation légère dans un cylindre vertical ou non Cet effet de centπfigation est intéressant dans le cas ou les matières a calibrer sont de densités relatives différentes et dont celles destinées a traverser les tamis sont plus denses que les autres, facilitant ainsi le tamisage par rapprochement de ces matières vers les tamis situes en périphérie sur les parroies de l'enceinte de brassageThis stirring can be carried out by a shaft and blades, creating a light centπfigation effect in a vertical cylinder or not This centπfigation effect is interesting in the case where the materials to be calibrated are of different relative densities and of which those intended to cross the sieves are denser than the others, thus facilitating sieving by bringing these materials closer to the sieves located on the periphery on the parches of the brewing enclosure
Ce brassage peut être l'occasion d'un traitement chimique en milieu aqueux des matières a calibrer, par adjonction de tensio-actifs ou autres, et ceci durant le processus de calibrage, en circuit ferme quant au fluide utilise L'utilisation de tensio-actifs peut améliorer la mouillabihte des matières, les colorer, les desinfecter, ou autres effets Un tensio-actif, ou additif, peut également être utilise pour modifier en milieu aqueux les densités relatives du fluide et des matières a calibrer, ceci afin d'améliorer la propension des matières a rester en suspension dans le fluide après leur immersion dans ce fluideThis stirring can be the occasion of a chemical treatment in an aqueous medium of the materials to be calibrated, by adding surfactants or others, and this during the calibration process, in a closed circuit as for the fluid used The use of tensio- active can improve the wettability of the materials, color them, disinfect them, or other effects A surfactant, or additive, can also be used to modify in an aqueous medium the relative densities of the fluid and the materials to calibrate, this in order to improve the propensity of the materials to remain in suspension in the fluid after their immersion in this fluid
Il est nécessaire de maintenir en suspension dans le fluide les matières a calibrer, ceci durant tout le processus de calibrage Pour ce faire, le tamis ne doit pas créer d'effet de goulot d'étranglement lors de l'écoulement a la fois du fluide et des éventuelles matières calibrées du fait de leur passage a travers le tamis Le tamis est immerge entre deux zones de fluide de pressions sensiblement identiques, la pression en amont du tamis étant légèrement supérieure a celle en aval afin de créer l'effet de flux d'une zone a l'autre A titre d'exemple (figures 1 et 2), deux enceintes, l'une dans l'autre, avec des tamis (3,4 et 5) fixes sur les parroies de la plus petite des deux (1), et un fluide qui entre (9) d'abord dans cette petite enceinte pour couler a travers le tamis, et pénétrer l'enceinte plus grande (2) qui est etanche Cette enceinte plus grande a un orifice de vidange (7) à débit équivalent à celui entrant (9) dans la petite enceinte, le niveau de fluide reste alors stable et sensiblement égal entre ces deux enceintes communiquantes. Lors du déplacement du fluide, les matières à calibrer vont, ou ne vont pas, une à une, suivrent le chemin du fluide à travers les tamis selon les caractéristiques de ce dernier. A ce stade, le calibrage est d'autant plus parfait que la circulation du fluide est lente au niveau des tamis. Un seconde méthode d'application de l'invention est de diviser une même enceinte (fugure 5), à l'aide des tamis, en deux zones superposées ( 1 et 2), avec écoulement du fluide, par gravité, d'une zone supérieure ( 1) vers l'autre zone inférieure (2), via les tamis (3). Une vidange (7) du fluide par la zone aval du tamis crée le flux, mais cet écoulement est régulé en fonction de la taille des tamis et des matières à calibrer afin d'éviter tout effet de goulot d'étranglement aux entrées du tamis. Un compromis est à trouver pour une obtenir une rapidité de calibrage, ou productivité. Ce compromis dépend, entre autres, du nombre d'orifices qui constituent le tamis et de la finesse du calibrage souhaité.It is necessary to maintain in suspension in the fluid the materials to be calibrated, this during the whole calibration process. To do this, the sieve must not create a bottleneck effect during the flow of both the fluid. and any materials calibrated due to their passage through the sieve The sieve is immersed between two fluid zones of substantially identical pressures, the pressure upstream of the sieve being slightly higher than that downstream in order to create the flow effect d 'one zone to the other For example (Figures 1 and 2), two enclosures, one in the other, with sieves (3,4 and 5) fixed on the parroons of the smaller of the two (1), and a fluid which enters (9) first into this small enclosure to flow through the screen, and penetrate the larger enclosure (2) which is sealed This larger enclosure has a drain port (7) at a flow equivalent to that entering (9) in the small enclosure, the fluid level then remains stable and substantially equal between these two communicating enclosures. During the displacement of the fluid, the materials to be calibrated go, or do not go, one by one, follow the path of the fluid through the screens according to the characteristics of the latter. At this stage, the calibration is all the more perfect as the circulation of the fluid is slow at the level of the screens. A second method of applying the invention is to divide the same enclosure (fugure 5), using the sieves, into two superimposed zones (1 and 2), with flow of the fluid, by gravity, of a zone upper (1) to the other lower zone (2), via the screens (3). Draining (7) of the fluid through the downstream area of the screen creates the flow, but this flow is regulated as a function of the size of the screens and of the materials to be calibrated in order to avoid any bottleneck effect at the screen inlets. A compromise has to be found to obtain a speed of calibration, or productivity. This compromise depends, among other things, on the number of orifices which constitute the sieve and on the fineness of the desired calibration.
Les caractéristiques du tamis seront fonction des matières à calibrer. Le tamis est constitué de deux parties principales. L'une est composée de tubes (15) multiples, juxtaposés en séries linéaires. Ces séries linéaires de tubes sont positionnées sur les parroies de l'enceinte de brassage (1) perpendiculairement au sens du brassage effectué cette enceinte (figure 4). L'autre est une butée en sortie (23) pour chaque série de tubes. Ainsi, les tubes (15) juxtaposés en lignes, ou en damier, forment les orifices (22 et 23) des tamis et ont une forme et une taille adaptés aux matières à calibrer lors de leur passage éventuel à travers les tamis. Ces tubes ( 15 ) sont de forme identiques, plus ou moins allongée (A) et de diamètre (C) plus ou moins important. Chaque tube sera de préférence non courbé afin d'éliminer tout risque de blocage des matières ayant des formes courbes et par malchance positionnés dans le sens opposé de la forme courbe du tube. Quant à la butée (17) des tamis, elle forme un coude (18) approchant les 90 degrés, ouvert sur un seul côté (20) pour permettre l'écoulement du fluide et des matières traversant le tamis. Cette butée aura son ouverture (20) tournée dans le sens du brassage du fluide dans l'enceinte de tamisage. Cette butée sera positionnée à la sortie (23) des tubes du tamis, mais à une distance (B) suffisante pour permettre l'écoulement du fluide et des matières ainsi sélectionnées. La longueur cumulée des tubes et de l'espace entre l'extrémité des tubes et la butée A+B), est de telle sorte que les éléments trop longs ne puissent pas passer au delà de ce tamis. Ainsi, une matière (figure 4) telle une plume (19) par exemple, engagée dans un tube ( 15), entrant en contact avec la butée (17), et d'une longueur telle qu'elle ne dépasse pas suffisamment l'orifice entrée (22) du tube, alors un compromis entre les tailles A,B,C et D du tamis doivent permettre à cette matière de poursuivre son chemin vers l'aval du tamis, aidé du frottement, dans les parties du tamis, du fluide seul ou du fluide chargé de matières. Le but est de ne pas obstruer les orifices du tamis afin de ne pas créer un effet de goulot d'étranglement pour le flux du fluide et les matières éventuelles.The characteristics of the sieve will depend on the materials to be calibrated. The sieve consists of two main parts. One is made up of multiple tubes (15), juxtaposed in linear series. These linear series of tubes are positioned on the walls of the mixing enclosure (1) perpendicular to the direction of mixing of this enclosure (FIG. 4). The other is an outlet stop (23) for each series of tubes. Thus, the tubes (15) juxtaposed in lines, or checkerboard, form the orifices (22 and 23) of the sieves and have a shape and a size adapted to the materials to be calibrated during their possible passage through the sieves. These tubes (15) are of identical shape, more or less elongated (A) and of more or less large diameter (C). Each tube will preferably be uncurved in order to eliminate any risk of blocking of the materials having curved shapes and by misfortune positioned in the opposite direction from the curved shape of the tube. As for the stop (17) of the screens, it forms a bend (18) approaching 90 degrees, open on one side (20) to allow the flow of fluid and materials passing through the screen. This stop will have its opening (20) turned in the direction of mixing of the fluid in the screening enclosure. This stop will be positioned at the outlet (23) of the sieve tubes, but at a distance (B) sufficient to allow the fluid and the materials thus selected to flow. The cumulative length of the tubes and the space between the ends of the tubes and the stop A + B) is such that the elements which are too long cannot pass beyond this sieve. Thus, a material (Figure 4) such as a feather (19) for example, engaged in a tube (15), coming into contact with the stop (17), and of a length such that it does not sufficiently exceed the inlet orifice (22) of the tube, then a compromise between the sizes A, B, C and D of the sieve must allow this material to continue its path downstream of the sieve, helped by the friction, in the parts of the sieve, of the fluid alone or fluid loaded with materials. The goal is not to obstruct the sieve holes so as not to create a bottleneck effect for the flow of fluid and possible materials.
Un circuit fermé pour le fluide permet d'économiser la quantité de fluide à utiliser durant le processus de calibrage. Pour ce faire, les éléments sélectionnés, après leur passage à travers le tamis, puis le passage dans l'enceinte (2) servant d'enveloppe à la première (figure 1), et enfin le passage au delà de la vanne (7) de vidange de cette même deuxième enceinte, sont séparés du fluide par un dispositif séparateur. Au delà de ce sépararteur, le fluide épure des matières sélectionnées repart par un dispositif, pompage par exemple, vers l'amont du processus de calibrage situe au niveau de l'enceinte dotée des tamisA closed fluid circuit saves the amount of fluid to be used during the calibration process. To do this, the selected elements, after their passage through the sieve, then the passage in the enclosure (2) serving as an envelope for the first (Figure 1), and finally the passage beyond the valve (7) of the same second enclosure, are separated fluid by a separating device. Beyond this separator, the fluid which purifies the selected materials leaves via a device, pumping for example, upstream of the calibration process located at the level of the enclosure provided with the sieves
Quant aux matières sélectionnées, elles sont regroupées et acheminées vers une zone d'entreposage ou de traitement autre extéπeure à l'inventionAs for the materials selected, they are grouped together and transported to a storage or processing area other outside the invention
Enfin, les matières qui n'ont pas réussi au cours du processus de calibrage a traverser le tamis, restent pπsonnières dans l'enceinte dotée des tamis A l'issus du temps imparti au calibrage, il convient d'extraire ces matières prisonnières de cette enceinte par un dispositif adapté à la configuration de ces enceintes (11 sur figures 1 et 4), avant de procéder a un nouveau cycle de calibrage avec une matière brute nouvelle Cette extraction du fluide chargé des matières prisonnières, fait également l'objet d'une séparation du fluide d'une part, et les matières d'autre part, par un séparateur Le fluide repart en amont du processus de calibrage situe au niveau de l'enceinte dotée des tamis Quant aux matières, elles sont écartées, à ce stade final de calibrage, de la machine de l'inventionFinally, the materials which did not pass during the calibration process to pass through the sieve, remain pπsonnières in the enclosure provided with the sieves At the end of the time allowed for the calibration, it is advisable to extract these matters trapped in this enclosure by a device adapted to the configuration of these enclosures (11 in FIGS. 1 and 4), before proceeding to a new calibration cycle with a new raw material This extraction of the fluid charged with the captive materials is also the subject of a separation of the fluid on the one hand, and the materials on the other hand, by a separator The fluid leaves upstream of the calibration process located at the level of the enclosure equipped with the screens As for the materials, they are discarded, at this stage final calibration of the machine of the invention
La figure 1 présente, en perspective latérale, un exemple de deux enceintes l'une dans l'autre, dont l'une munie d'un dispositif de brassage avec pales, et le circuit fermé de fluideFIG. 1 shows, in lateral perspective, an example of two chambers one inside the other, one of which is provided with a stirring device with blades, and the closed fluid circuit
La figure 2 est une vue du dessus de la cuve munie de tamis, et un arbre central avec pales pour le brassage des matières immergéesFigure 2 is a top view of the tank provided with a screen, and a central shaft with blades for stirring the immersed material
La figures 3 propose un vue de face de plusieurs modes possibles de tamis, avec orifices rectangulaires, et la butée présentant un coude proche de 90 degrésFigures 3 provides a front view of several possible modes of sieves, with rectangular holes, and the stop having a bend close to 90 degrees
La figure 4 présente à nouveau le même mode de tamis présente sur la figure 3, mais avec une perspective latérale surélevée Le tamis est présente solidaire de la parroie (21) du cylindre Enfin, a titre d'exemple, une plume est positionnée dans un des oπfices du tamis, mais arrêtée par la plaque de butée en raison de sa longueur et rigiditéFIG. 4 again shows the same mode of sieve present in FIG. 3, but with an elevated lateral perspective The sieve is present integral with the belt (21) of the cylinder Finally, by way of example, a feather is positioned in a sieve holes, but stopped by the stop plate due to its length and rigidity
La figure 5 présente en complément de la fugure 1 une autre configuration possible des enceintes Elles sont ici superposées, et séparées par les tamis Les numéros sont les mêmes que sur la fugure 1 pour des fonctions équivalentesFigure 5 shows, in addition to figure 1, another possible configuration of the speakers. They are superimposed here, and separated by the screens. The numbers are the same as on figure 1 for equivalent functions.
Une méthode préférée d'application de l'inventionA preferred method of applying the invention
Le pπncipe est base sur l'écoulement d'un fluide depuis une zone initiale, vers une zone secondaire, via un tamis, avec l'aide d'un approvisionnement continue en fluide en amont du système, proportionnel au débit de fluide quittant la zone secondaire par une vanne de vidange effet de vases communiquants Ce fluide entraînera une partie des éléments contenus dans la zone initiale vers la vidange de la zone secondaireThe principle is based on the flow of a fluid from an initial zone, to a secondary zone, via a sieve, with the help of a continuous supply of fluid upstream of the system, proportional to the flow of fluid leaving the zone secondary by a draining valve effect of communicating vessels This fluid will entrain part of the elements contained in the initial zone towards the drainage of the secondary zone
Le prototype mis au point propose un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention appliqué à de la plume de canard brute, mouilléeThe prototype developed proposes a preferred embodiment of the invention applied to raw, wet duck feather
Utiliser une cuve (1) cylindrique, verticale, tel qu'un fût standard de 200 litres, positionnée dans une cuve (2) de forme quelconque mais de hauteur suffisante pour permettre l'immersion des trois-quart environ de la hauteur du cylindre (1).Use a vertical cylindrical tank (1), such as a standard barrel 200 liters, positioned in a tank (2) of any shape but of sufficient height to allow the immersion of about three-quarters of the height of the cylinder (1).
Ce cylindre (1) est muni de tamis (3, 4 et 5) répartis sur sa périphérie, par rangées verticales d'orifices en nombre suffisant afin de permettre un courant de fluide suffisant pour la productivité du calibrage. Ces colonnes d'orifices sont aussi hautes que le cylindre lui-même, exeption faite d'un décallage à la base du cylindre dans le cas de particules lourdes tels que pièces métalliques, cailloux, abats de volatiles dans le cas de calibrage de plumes venant directement d'abattoir, ou autres, pouvant se déposer à la base du cylindre. Ainsi, ces particules lourdes et indésirables, parfois à petits volumes, ne traversent pas le tamis, ne le déterriorent pas et ne l'obstruent pas. Ce cylindre est traversé par un axe rotatif motorisé et munis de pales (6). Ces pales frôlent les tamis.This cylinder (1) is provided with screens (3, 4 and 5) distributed over its periphery, in vertical rows of orifices in sufficient number to allow a sufficient flow of fluid for the productivity of the calibration. These columns of orifices are as high as the cylinder itself, except for a stripping at the base of the cylinder in the case of heavy particles such as metal parts, stones, offal of birds in the case of calibration of feathers coming directly from a slaughterhouse, or other, which can be deposited at the base of the cylinder. Thus, these heavy and undesirable particles, sometimes in small volumes, do not pass through the sieve, do not deteriorate it and do not obstruct it. This cylinder is crossed by a motorized rotary axis and provided with blades (6). These blades graze the sieves.
Les tamis sont une série de petits tubes (15) carrés ou non, d'environ 2 à 5 centimètres (C) de côté ou diamètre, et longs de 3 à 5 centimètres environ (A). Une plaque (17) servant de butée est fixée du côté de la sortie (23) des tubes afin que les éléments trop longs ou trop rigides, qui s'engageront dans les petits tubes, entrent en butée sur cette plaque, et rebroussent chemin dans la cuve cylindrique grâce à l'action du brassage dans ce cylindre. Les matières ou le barbottage du fluide dégageront ces éléments stationnés momentannément dans les petits tubes du tamis, et libérant à nouveau les orifices (22) pour poursuivre le calibrage. Cette plaque de butée (17), coudée (18) est distante de l'extrémité extérieure (23) des tubes de 2 à 3 centimètres environ (16), et ouverte (20) du côté opposé au sens du brassage du fluide dans le cylindre. Ainsi, un élément (plume par exemple, Figure 4) de longueur très supérieure à A+B, entrant en butée sur la plaquede butée (17), a tendance à se positionner de biais dans le sens du brassage (19). Il convient donc que la base de cet élément plume reste en butée jusqu'à son dégagement par le brassage, sans risque d'être entrainé par le courant permanant de fluide convergeant vers l'extérieur du cylindre à travers le tamis. Par contre, un élément (plume par exemple) de longeur à peine supérieure à A+B, et à plus forte raison, inférieure à cette longueur, entrant en butée sur la plaque (17), a peu de chance de rebrousser chemin vers l'enceinte en amont des tamis en raison de sa faible surface d'accroché en amont du tube, réduisant sa propension à être captée par le frottement des matières et du fluide en amont des tamis. A ce stade, cette matière doit quitter le tamis vers l'aval, grâce à un tamis ayant une ouverture (20) suffisamment grande pour que l'élément dans cet exemple puisse se mettre de biais dans le tamis et, malgré sa rigidité et sa longueur, franchir le coude de la butée.The sieves are a series of small tubes (15), square or not, about 2 to 5 centimeters (C) in side or diameter, and about 3 to 5 centimeters long (A). A plate (17) serving as a stopper is fixed on the outlet side (23) of the tubes so that the elements that are too long or too rigid, which will engage in the small tubes, come into abutment on this plate, and turn back into the cylindrical tank thanks to the action of stirring in this cylinder. The materials or the bubbling of the fluid will release these elements stationary momentarily in the small tubes of the sieve, and releasing the orifices (22) again to continue the calibration. This abutment plate (17), bent (18) is spaced from the outer end (23) of the tubes by about 2 to 3 centimeters (16), and open (20) on the side opposite to the direction of mixing of the fluid in the cylinder. Thus, an element (feather for example, Figure 4) of length much greater than A + B, coming into abutment on the abutment plate (17), tends to be positioned at an angle in the direction of mixing (19). It is therefore appropriate that the base of this feather element remains in abutment until it is released by stirring, without the risk of being entrained by the permanent flow of fluid converging towards the outside of the cylinder through the screen. On the other hand, an element (feather for example) of length barely greater than A + B, and a fortiori, less than this length, coming into abutment on the plate (17), has little chance of turning back towards the 'enclosure upstream of the sieves due to its small surface hooked upstream of the tube, reducing its propensity to be captured by the friction of materials and fluid upstream of the sieves. At this stage, this material must leave the sieve downstream, thanks to a sieve having an opening (20) large enough so that the element in this example can be put sideways in the sieve and, despite its rigidity and its length, cross the elbow of the stop.
Une enceinte servant d'enveloppe (2) reçoit le fluide chargé des matières sélectionnées (8) à la sortie des tamis. Cette enceinte de forme quelconque mais étanche, entoure le cylindre (1) car dans notre exemple de réalisation de l'invention, les tamis y sont répartis sur toute sa périphérie. Cette enceinte, enveloppant le cylindre, a un niveau de fluide nécessairement proche de celui du cylindre.An enclosure serving as an envelope (2) receives the fluid charged with the selected materials (8) at the outlet of the screens. This enclosure of any shape but sealed, surrounds the cylinder (1) because in our embodiment of the invention, the screens are distributed over its entire periphery. This enclosure, enveloping the cylinder, has a level of fluid necessarily close to that of the cylinder.
La circulation du fluide est assurée par une alimentation (9) du cylindre (1), et une vanne de vidange (7) à débit variable à la sortie de l'enceinte enveloppe (2). Ainsi, de débit du fluide sera quasi identique à tous les stades du processus de calibrage, dont les trois endroits suivants : L'alimentation par le haut du cylindre initial, le passage à travers les orifices du tamis, et enfin la vidange de l'enceinte-enveloppe.The circulation of the fluid is ensured by a supply (9) to the cylinder (1), and a drain valve (7) with variable flow at the outlet of the enclosure enclosure (2). Thus, fluid flow will be almost identical at all stages of the calibration process, including the following three places: Feeding from the top of the initial cylinder, passage through the sieve holes, and finally emptying the enclosure-envelope.
Pour la plume par exemple, un prototype de taille réduite a été conçu, et dont les caractéristiques ne sont pas limitatives aux possibilités de conception de machines de calibrage selon l'invention. Les étapes du processus sont les suivantes:For the pen, for example, a prototype of reduced size has been designed, the characteristics of which are not limiting to the possibilities of designing calibration machines according to the invention. The process steps are as follows:
Remplir de fluide, non chargé de matières, le trois-quart du volume des deux cuves, cuves communiquantes via les tamis. Ce niveau est jugé raisonnable pour un bon fonctionnement du système sans débordement. La vanne de vidange de la cuve-enveloppe reste fermée le temps du remplissage des cuves.Fill with fluid, not loaded with materials, three-fourths of the volume of the two tanks, communicating tanks via the sieves. This level is considered reasonable for a good functioning of the system without overflow. The tank-emptying valve remains closed while the tanks are being filled.
Introduire ensuite la matière brute à calibrer dans le cylindre (1) munis d'un axe et de 5 pales en rotation, environ 90 tours par minutes. Si la plume est sèche, alors grâce au brassage dans ce cylindre, celle-ci finira par être totalement immergée, condition nécessaire pour un calibrage avec fluide. A ce stade du procédé, il est possible de rajouter un produit chimique en vue d'un traitement quelconque de la matière, mais sans que ce produit ne soit moussant. Un dégraissant non moussant, par exemple, permettra de faire un prélavage de la plume durant le processus de calibrage. Un tensio-actif ajouté fluide, eau par exemple, peut également améliorer la mouillabilité de la plume. La quantité de plumes brutes, à introduire dans le cylindre (1), équivalent en poids sec, est d'environ 3 à 7 kilogrammes pour le cylindre du prototype ayant 50 centimètres de diamètre et 80 centimètres de hauteur. Plus la matière initiale est constituée majoritairement d'éléments ne franchissant pas le tamis, plus la quantité de matière à introduire en début de cycle de calibrage sera faible. En effet, le calibrage sera moins efficace si durant toute la durée du calibrage le cylindre de brassage est saturé d'éléments destinés à rester prisonniers du cylindre. Le brassage améliore bien sûr le calibrage par décolmattage du tamis à intervalles réguliers.Then introduce the raw material to be calibrated into the cylinder (1) fitted with an axis and 5 rotating blades, around 90 revolutions per minute. If the pen is dry, then thanks to the mixing in this cylinder, it will end up being completely submerged, a necessary condition for calibration with fluid. At this stage of the process, it is possible to add a chemical for any treatment of the material, but without this product being foaming. A non-foaming degreaser, for example, will allow the pen to be prewashed during the calibration process. A fluid added surfactant, for example water, can also improve the wettability of the feather. The quantity of raw feathers to be introduced into the cylinder (1), equivalent in dry weight, is approximately 3 to 7 kilograms for the prototype cylinder having 50 centimeters in diameter and 80 centimeters in height. The more the initial material consists mainly of elements which do not cross the sieve, the lower the quantity of material to be introduced at the start of the calibration cycle. Indeed, the calibration will be less effective if during the entire duration of the calibration the stirring cylinder is saturated with elements intended to remain trapped in the cylinder. The brewing of course improves the calibration by unclogging the sieve at regular intervals.
Le processus de calibrage peut alors démarrer en ouvrant simultannément, et dans des débits équivalents, la vanne d'alimentation (9) en fluide par le haut du cylindre, et la vanne (7) de vidange située à la sortie de la cuve-enveloppe (2). La durée du calibrage, pour 4 kilogrammes, est d'environ 3 minutes avec le prototype. Cette productivité peut être multipliée par un dimensionnement supérieur des tamis, de la taille des cuves et cylindres, du débit de fluide, etc..The calibration process can then start by simultaneously opening, and at equivalent flow rates, the fluid supply valve (9) from the top of the cylinder, and the drain valve (7) located at the outlet of the tank-envelope. (2). The calibration time, for 4 kilograms, is approximately 3 minutes with the prototype. This productivity can be multiplied by a higher sizing of the screens, the size of the tanks and cylinders, the flow of fluid, etc.
Pour économiser la quantité de fluide à utiliser pendant le processus de calibrage des plumes ou autres matières similaires, l'invention prévoit de récupérer en circuit fermé (14) ce fluide au delà de la vanne de vidange (7) après avoir épuré le fluide de ses plumes en suspension grâce à un dispositif séparateur (10). Les plumes sélectionnées,du fait qu'elles aient franchi le tamis, sont écartées du système par des moyens tels que convoyeur par exemple.To save the amount of fluid to be used during the calibration process for feathers or other similar materials, the invention provides for recovering this fluid in a closed circuit (14) beyond the drain valve (7) after having purified the fluid. its feathers in suspension thanks to a separating device (10). The selected feathers, because they have passed the sieve, are removed from the system by means such as a conveyor for example.
A l'issus du temps imparti au calibrage, soit 3 minutes dans notre exemple, il convient d'éjecter par un dispositif quelconque les plumes restées emprisonnées dans le cylindre de brassage (1), mais sans qu'il n'y ai de communication avec la cuve (2) dans laquelle peuvent résider quelques matières sélectionnées restées en suspension dans l'eau. La circulation du fluide est maintenue mais son circuit est momentannément modifie A ce stade de fin de calibrage, la vanne de vidange (7) de la cuve (2) se ferme, et simultannément la vanne (11) située a la base du cylindre (1) s'ouvre pour libérer le fluide charge des plumes pπson eres du cylindre vers un conduit (12) traversant la cuve(2), et débouchant sur un dispositif séparateur (13) afin d'épurer le fluide de ses grandes plumes L'eau est réutilisé en circuit fermé (21) dans le système de l'invention A ce stade d'élimination des matières enpπsonnees dans le cylindre, l'arrivée d'eau au dessus du cylindre doit être suffisante pour deux raisons D'une part, déplacer les grandes plumes vers la canalisation (12), l'effet de mottage étant réduit du fait du brassage concerve dans le cylindre, et d'autre part, éviter un inversement du sens du flux depuis la cuve (2) vers le cylindreAt the end of the time allowed for calibration, 3 minutes in our example, it is advisable to eject by any device the feathers which remain trapped in the brewing cylinder (1), but without any communication with the tank (2) in which some selected materials may reside, suspended in water. Fluid circulation is maintained but its circuit is momentarily modified At this stage of end of calibration, the drain valve (7) of the tank (2) closes, and simultaneously the valve (11) located at the base of the cylinder (1) s' opens to release the fluid charged from the pons of the cylinder feathers to a conduit (12) passing through the tank (2), and opening onto a separating device (13) in order to purify the fluid from its large feathers The water is reused closed circuit (21) in the system of the invention At this stage of elimination of the materials in the cylinder, the arrival of water above the cylinder must be sufficient for two reasons On the one hand, move the large feathers towards the pipe (12), the caking effect being reduced due to the concave mixing in the cylinder, and on the other hand, avoiding a reversal of the direction of flow from the tank (2) to the cylinder
(1) par effet de vases communiquants, ceci dans le cas où le niveau de fluide dans le cylindre descendrait du fait d'une évacuation à flux supérieur a celui de l'alimentation amont, et ainsi faire retraverser par le tamis les plumes précédemment sélectionnées mais restées en suspension dans la cuve-enveloppe(1) by the effect of communicating vessels, this in the event that the level of fluid in the cylinder drops due to an evacuation with a flow greater than that of the upstream supply, and thus make the previously selected feathers cross again through the sieve but remained in suspension in the tank-envelope
(2) Cet inversion du sens d'écoulement du fluide fera perdre partiellement le bénéfice du système de calibrage, objet de l'invention Le temps pour vidanger les plumes empπsonnees dans le cylindre peut durer quelques secondes avec un écoulement efficace de l'ensemble fluide et matières En séquence, la vanne(2) This reversal of the direction of flow of the fluid will partially lose the benefit of the calibration system, object of the invention. The time to empty the feathered pens in the cylinder can last a few seconds with an efficient flow of the fluid assembly. and materials In sequence, the valve
(11) du cylindre se referme, et celle (7), de la cuve-enveloppe, s'ouvre de nouveau, afin de retrouver le circuit initial du flux pour le calibrage depuis le cylindre de brassage vers la cuve-enveloppe, via les tamis Le chargement de matières a calibrer est alors à nouveau possible, et le processus suit les étapes précédemment décrites(11) of the cylinder closes, and that (7) of the tank-enclosure opens again, in order to return to the initial flow circuit for calibration from the brewing cylinder to the tank-enclosure, via the sieve Loading of materials to be calibrated is then possible again, and the process follows the steps previously described
Le cycle ainsi présenté du processus de calibrage peut être modifie en fonction de la composition des matières a calibrer. Ainsi, une matière composée pπncipalement d'éléments franchissant le tamis, permet d'éviter la vidange des matières emprisonnées, en amont des tamis, à la fin de chaque processus de calibrage, ces dernières restant en petites quantités en amont des tamis Le processus de calibrage devient alors comme suit Une alimentation, régulière et continue, en matières en amont des tamis, dans le cylindre de brassage, puis cesser l'alimentation, et laisser le processus de calibrage se poursuivre tel que décrit par l'invention sur une durée jugée suffisante, et procéder ensuite a la vidange proprement dite des matières empπsonnees en amont du tamis en respectant le processus décnt par l'invention Ce procédé permet d'accroître sensiblement la productivité du calibrage dans le cas de matières pπncipalement composées d'éléments franchissant le tamisThe cycle thus presented of the calibration process can be modified according to the composition of the materials to be calibrated. Thus, a material composed mainly of elements crossing the screen, makes it possible to avoid emptying of the trapped materials, upstream of the screens, at the end of each calibration process, the latter remaining in small quantities upstream of the screens. calibration then becomes as follows A regular and continuous supply of materials upstream of the sieves into the brewing cylinder, then stop feeding, and allow the calibration process to continue as described by the invention over a period of time judged sufficient, and then proceed to the actual emptying of the materials used upstream of the sieve in accordance with the process decnt by the invention This process allows to significantly increase the productivity of the calibration in the case of materials mainly composed of elements crossing the sieve
La productivité a l'heure peut atteindre plusieurs centaines de Kilogrammes de plumes brutes entres dans la machine, en poids équivalents secs, selon les dimensions de la machine L'invention permet une adaptation totale et aisée de la dimension du système, par modules juxtaposables Ainsi, une cuve-enveloppe peut contenir plusieurs cylindres équipées de brassage et de tamis Un cylindre de brassage peut également avoir une grande tailleThe productivity per hour can reach several hundred kilograms of raw feathers entered into the machine, in dry equivalent weight, depending on the dimensions of the machine. The invention allows total and easy adaptation of the size of the system, by juxtaposed modules. , an envelope-tank can contain several cylinders equipped with stirring and sieve A stirring cylinder can also have a large size
D'autre part, dans notre exemple, l'invention permet d'éliminer la plus grande partie des plumes non utilisables pour la hteπe, soit jusque 40% du poids de plumes entré dans la machine La machine permet de calibrer les plumes selon les longueurs souhaitées Le traitement des plumes pour la literie se limite alors aux seules matières calibrées par l'invention De plus, les plumes mouillées en provenance d'abattoirs sont le plus souvent chargées de déchets de toutes sortes, tels que pattes ou têtes d'animaux abattus, abats, voir animaux entiers tombés de la chaîne d'abattage. Ces matières intrus rendent difficile le lavage en une seule opération des plumes en raison des odeurs occasionnées lors de l'étuvage après lavage. L'invention propose une réponse heureuse en perpettant de concerver prisonniers les éléments intrus au sein de l'enceinte de tamisage du fait des tamis et de la partie basse de cette enceinte qui sert de rétention pour ces matières lourdes.On the other hand, in our example, the invention makes it possible to eliminate most of the feathers that cannot be used for the host, that is to say up to 40% of the weight of feathers entered into the machine. The machine makes it possible to calibrate the feathers according to the lengths The treatment of feathers for bedding is then limited to only materials calibrated by the invention In addition, wet feathers from slaughterhouses are most often loaded with waste of all kinds, such as legs or heads of slaughtered animals, organ meats, or even whole animals that have fallen from the slaughter line. These intrusive materials make it difficult to wash the feathers in a single operation because of the odors caused during steaming after washing. The invention proposes a happy response by perpetuating to keep prisoners the intruders within the screening enclosure due to the sieves and the lower part of this enclosure which serves as a retention for these heavy materials.
Les essais avec le prototype ont permis de séparer les plumes de tailles inférieures à 4 centimètres, de celles supérieures à cette taille, pour un type de tamis ayant, d'une part, des tubes à orifices de taille plus réduite, et d'autre part, une distance plus réduite entre l'extrémité de ces tubes et la butée, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Ceci autorise l'utilisation de l'invention par étapes sussessives dans des enceintes de calibrage successives à tamis adaptés, afin de calibrer en 3 ou 4 tailles différentes les matières brutes dans un même flux. La première enceinte garde prisonniers les éléments de plus grandes tailles, les autres s'écoulent vers une deuxième enceinte, qui à son tour garde prisonniers les éléments de tailles intermédiaires, etc.. The tests with the prototype made it possible to separate the feathers of sizes less than 4 centimeters, from those larger than this size, for a type of sieve having, on the one hand, tubes with orifices of smaller size, and on the other apart, a smaller distance between the end of these tubes and the stop, all other things being equal. This allows the use of the invention in successive stages in successive calibration chambers with adapted sieves, in order to calibrate the raw materials in a same flow in 3 or 4 different sizes. The first enclosure keeps larger elements prisoners, the others flow to a second enclosure, which in turn keeps prisoners of intermediate sizes elements, etc.

Claims

Revendications :Claims:
1- Procédé de calibrage de plumes, duvets, aiguilles de bois, ou similaires, caractérisé en ce que les matières sont calibrées par tamisage, après immersion totale des matières et des tamis dans un fluide, et maintien en suspension des matières dans ce fluide par brassage ou agitation au moins en amont du tamis.1- Method for calibrating feathers, down, wooden needles, or the like, characterized in that the materials are calibrated by sieving, after total immersion of the materials and sieves in a fluid, and maintenance of the materials in this fluid by suspension stirring or stirring at least upstream of the sieve.
2- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le déplacement des matières à travers le tamis est assurée par le flux du fluide et le maintien permanent en suspension des matières dans le fluide.2- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement of the materials through the sieve is ensured by the flow of the fluid and the permanent maintenance in suspension of the materials in the fluid.
3- Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un tensio-actif peut être utilisé dans le circuit fermé du fluide, pendant le processus.de brassage et de calibrage des matières. L'utilisation des tensio-actifs peut améliorer la mouillabilité des matières, les colorer, les désinfecter, ou autres effets. Un tensio-actif, ou additif, peut également être utilisé pour modifier la densité du fluide ou des matières à calibrer afin d'améliorer la propension des matières à rester en suspension dans le fluide après leur immersion dans ce fluide.3- Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a surfactant can be used in the closed circuit of the fluid, during the process of mixing and calibrating the materials. The use of surfactants can improve the wettability of materials, color them, disinfect them, or other effects. A surfactant, or additive, can also be used to modify the density of the fluid or of the materials to be calibrated in order to improve the propensity of the materials to remain in suspension in the fluid after their immersion in this fluid.
4- Procédé, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un brassage circulaire dans une enceinte ronde crée un effet de centrifugation utile pour séparer des matières de densités relatives différentes et dont celles destinées à traverser les tamis sont plus denses que les autres matières et plus dense que le fluide. L'effet de rapprochement des matières les plus denses vers les tamis situés en périphérie sur les parroies de l'enceinte de tamisage.4- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a circular stirring in a round enclosure creates a centrifuging effect useful for separating materials of different relative densities and of which those intended to pass through the screens are denser than other materials and denser than the fluid. The effect of bringing together the densest materials towards the sieves located on the periphery on the parres of the sieving enclosure.
5- Machine pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une enceinte étanche (2), alimentée en fluide depuis une enceinte de tamisage (1), et une évacuation (7). Le passage du fluide d'une enceinte à l'autre se fait via l'ensemble des tamis(3,4.et5). L'enceinte de tamisage comporte les tamis identiques entre eux répartis sur ses parroies. Seule la partie basse de l'enceinte de tamisage ne comporte pas de tamis de telle sorte que des éléments indésirables et lourds (cailloux, morceaux métalliques.etc.) mélangés par erreur aux matières à calibrer s'y déposent par gravité, et éviter de colmater les orifices des tamis. Cette enceinte est alimentée (9) à son tour en fluide depuis une réserve de fluide en amont de la machine.5- Machine for implementing the method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a sealed enclosure (2), supplied with fluid from a screening enclosure (1), and an outlet (7) . The passage of the fluid from one enclosure to the other takes place via all of the screens (3, 4 and 5). The sieving enclosure has the identical sieves distributed among them on its walls. Only the lower part of the screening chamber does not have a screen so that unwanted and heavy elements (stones, metal pieces, etc.) mixed by mistake with the materials to be calibrated are deposited there by gravity, and avoid seal the holes in the screens. This enclosure is supplied (9) in turn with fluid from a reserve of fluid upstream of the machine.
6- Machine selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que l'enceinte (1) de tamisage enferme des moyens mécaniques tel que pales en mouvement, frôlant les tamis pour créer à la fois un effet de brassage ou turbulence, limiter le colmatage, des tamis par les matières, et aider au maintien des matières en suspension dans le fluide.6- Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the screening enclosure (1) encloses mechanical means such as blades in motion, brushing the screens to create both a stirring or turbulence effect, limiting clogging, sieved by the materials, and help maintain the materials in suspension in the fluid.
7- Machine selon les revendications 5 et 6, caractérisée en ce que le fluide circule en circuit fermé. Le fluide pénètre (9) la machine de calibrage par l'enceinte de tamisage (1), traverse les tamis (3, 4 et 5), s'écoule dans la seconde enceinte (2) avec les matières en suspension ainsi calibrées (8) par leur franchissement des tamis. Ce mélange fluide et matières en suspension calibrées (8) quitte cette seconde enceinte par la vidange (7), puis entre dans un séparateur (10) pour épurer le fluide de ses matières en suspension, puis ce fluide est acheminé (14) vers le point de départ du processus (9). Avant .d'atteindre le séparateur (10), le mélange fluide et matières en suspension calibrées par le tamis utilisé, peut pénétrer une nouvelle enceinte de brassage avec un tamis aux caractéristiques différentes du premier, et obtenir une catégorie intermédiaire de matières calibrées. Dans le cas d'une succession de deux ou plus d'enceintes de tamisage, chaque enceinte de tamisage, muni de ses propres tamis aux caractéristiques différentes, garde prisonniers une sous- catégorie de matières.7- Machine according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the fluid circulates in a closed circuit. The fluid penetrates (9) the calibration machine through the screening enclosure (1), crosses the screens (3, 4 and 5), flows into the second enclosure (2) with the suspended solids thus calibrated (8 ) by crossing the sieves. This fluid mixture and calibrated suspended matter (8) leaves this second enclosure by the drain (7), then enters a separator (10) to purify the fluid from its suspended matter, then this fluid is conveyed (14) to the starting point of the process (9). Before reaching the separator (10), the fluid mixture and suspended solids calibrated by the screen used, can penetrate a new brewing enclosure with a screen with characteristics different from the first, and obtain an intermediate category of calibrated materials. In the case of a succession of two or more sieving chambers, each sieving chamber, provided with its own sieves with different characteristics, keeps prisoners a sub-category of materials.
8- Machine selon les revendications 5 à 7, caractérisée en ce que les matières restées prisonnières dans l'enceinte de calibrage (1), c'est à dire restées en amont des tamis du fait de leur formes ou tailles incompatibles avec les caractéristiques des tamis, sont évacuées à l'extérieur du processus à la fin du cycle de calibrage par une ouverture (11). La vidange (7) se ferme pendant l'évacuation des matières prisonnières en amont des tamis. Ainsi, l'alimentation du fluide (9) permet de véhiculer les matières prisonnières de l'enceinte de calibrage vers l'orifice (11), et de les acheminer par un conduit (12) vers un séparateur (13) pour épurer le fluide de ses matières en suspension, puis ce fluide épuré est acheminé (21) vers le point de départ du processus (9).8- Machine according to claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the materials remained trapped in the calibration chamber (1), that is to say remained upstream of the sieves because of their shapes or sizes incompatible with the characteristics of sieve, are discharged outside the process at the end of the calibration cycle through an opening (11). The drain (7) closes during the removal of the trapped material upstream of the screens. Thus, the supply of the fluid (9) makes it possible to convey the materials trapped in the calibration enclosure towards the orifice (11), and to convey them by a conduit (12) to a separator (13) to purify the fluid of its suspended matter, then this purified fluid is conveyed (21) to the starting point of the process (9).
9- Le tamis (figures 3 et 4) pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon les revendications 1 à 4, est caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'une série de tubes (15) de longueur A et de diamètre C, dont les orifices de sortie (23) sont pourvus d'une butée (17), formant un coude (18) ouvert sur un côté (20), de longueur D supérieure à C, espacée d'une distance B de l'orifice de sortie (23). Le rapport entre les distances A et B sont à évaluer en fonction des caractéristiques des matières à calibrer, et du diamètre des tubes. Une matière engagée dans un tube, parallèle ou non aux parroies du tube, et entrant en contact avec la butée (17) ,et d'une longueur telle qu'elle ne dépasse pas suffisamment l'orifice entrée (22) du tube, alors un compromis entre les tailles A,B,C et D du tamis doivent permettre à cette matière de poursuivre son chemin vers l'aval du tamis, aidé du frottement, dans les parties du tamis, du fluide seul ou du fluide chargé de matières.9- The sieve (FIGS. 3 and 4) for implementing the method according to claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that it consists of a series of tubes (15) of length A and of diameter C, the outlet orifices (23) of which are provided with a stop (17), forming a bend (18) open on one side (20), of length D greater than C, spaced by a distance B from the orifice outlet (23). The relationship between distances A and B are to be evaluated according to the characteristics of the materials to be calibrated, and the diameter of the tubes. A material engaged in a tube, parallel or not to the sides of the tube, and coming into contact with the stop (17), and of a length such that it does not sufficiently exceed the inlet orifice (22) of the tube, then a compromise between the sizes A, B, C and D of the sieve must allow this material to continue its path downstream of the sieve, helped by the friction, in the parts of the sieve, of the fluid alone or of the fluid loaded with materials.
10- Le tamis selon la revendication 9, est caractérisé en ce que les tubes (15) qui le composent sont juxtaposés en séries linéaires, avec une butée coudée par série de tubes (figure' 4). Ces séries linéaires sont positionnées perpendiculairement au sens du mouvement du mélange fluide et matières dans l'enceinte de tamisage, et le coude (18) de la butée (17) est positionné dans le sens du mouvement de ce même mélange fluide et matières. 10- The sieve according to claim 9, is characterized in that the tubes (15) which compose it are juxtaposed in linear series, with a bent stop by series of tubes (Figure '4). These linear series are positioned perpendicular to the direction of movement of the fluid and materials mixture in the screening enclosure, and the elbow (18) of the stop (17) is positioned in the direction of movement of this same fluid and materials mixture.
EP01907827A 2000-02-21 2001-02-16 Screening method for size sorting of feathers, down, wood needles, or the like maintained in suspension in a fluid Expired - Lifetime EP1409158B1 (en)

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FR0002106A FR2805181B1 (en) 2000-02-21 2000-02-21 CALIBRATION, BY SIEVING, OF FEATHERS, DOWN, WOOD NEEDLES, OR THE LIKE KEEPING SUSPENDED IN A FLUID
FR0002106 2000-02-21
PCT/FR2001/000468 WO2001062402A2 (en) 2000-02-21 2001-02-16 Screening method for size sorting of feathers, down, wood needles, or the like maintained in suspension in a fluid

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2805181A1 (en) 2001-08-24
FR2805181B1 (en) 2004-12-10
CN1200779C (en) 2005-05-11
ATE497411T1 (en) 2011-02-15
US20030155279A1 (en) 2003-08-21
WO2001062402A2 (en) 2001-08-30
EP1409158B1 (en) 2011-02-02
AU3570301A (en) 2001-09-03
DE60143993D1 (en) 2011-03-17
CN1424947A (en) 2003-06-18
WO2001062402A3 (en) 2002-11-28

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