EP1407216A2 - Balle a double noyau - Google Patents

Balle a double noyau

Info

Publication number
EP1407216A2
EP1407216A2 EP02797020A EP02797020A EP1407216A2 EP 1407216 A2 EP1407216 A2 EP 1407216A2 EP 02797020 A EP02797020 A EP 02797020A EP 02797020 A EP02797020 A EP 02797020A EP 1407216 A2 EP1407216 A2 EP 1407216A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
precursor
bullet
jacket
pellet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02797020A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Henry J. Halverson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Olin Corp
Original Assignee
Olin Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Olin Corp filed Critical Olin Corp
Publication of EP1407216A2 publication Critical patent/EP1407216A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B30/00—Projectiles or missiles, not otherwise provided for, characterised by the ammunition class or type, e.g. by the launching apparatus or weapon used
    • F42B30/02—Bullets

Definitions

  • This invention relates to small arms ammunition, and more particularly to bullets particularly useful in common calibers of centerfire pistol and revolver (collectively “pistol”) ammunition.
  • key common pistol ammunition rounds are: .380 Automatic (also commonly designated 9 mm Kurz), 9 mm Luger (also commonly designated 9x19 and 9 mm Parabellum), .40 Smith & Wesson (S&W), 45 Automatic (also commonly designated Automatic Colt Pistol (ACP)) and 10 mm Automatic rounds.
  • General dimensions of and pistol rounds are disclosed in Voluntary Industry Performance Standards for Pressure and Velocity of Centerfire Pistol and Revolver Ammunition for the Use of Commercial Manufacturers ANSJVSAAMI Z299.3-1993 (American National Standards Institute, New York, NY).
  • a newer round, the .357 Sig is also gaining acceptance.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,500,183 of Noordegraaf et al. and 6,016,754 of Enlow et al. disclose use of tin-based bullets and cores thereof.
  • International Application PCT/US96/17664 (WO97/20185) of Olin Corporation and aldez et al. discloses a number of lead-free dual core pistol bullets.
  • bullets having rear cores of sintered copper-ferrotungsten and front cores of lead or calcium carbonate powder are examples of bullets having rear cores of sintered copper-ferrotungsten and front cores of lead or calcium carbonate powder.
  • a jacket precursor, a first core precursor, and a second core precursor are provided.
  • the first and second core precursor are inserted into the jacket precursor.
  • the second core precursor is pressed against the first so as to deform the first to fill a frontal volume of the jacket precursor as a first core with relatively less (if any) deformation of the second core precursor.
  • An aft portion of the jacket precursor is deformed to contain the second core precursor as a second core.
  • Preferred embodiments are formed substantially as drop-in replacements for existing bullets.
  • the portion of the bullet aft of the ogive may be a bit longer than the replaced bullet and may be seated deeper in the case.
  • a match embodiment features a lead rear core and a very light front core (e.g., a carbonate powder).
  • Anon-toxic embodiment comprises a tin front core and a harder rear core.
  • the first core precursor may be formed as a pellet and, more particularly, a spherical pellet.
  • the second core precursor may be formed having a cylindrical portion and one or two convex end portions.
  • FIG 1 is a cut away view of a pistol cartridge.
  • FIG 2 is a cross-sectional view of a bullet useful in the cartridge of FIG 1.
  • FIGS. 3-7 are longitudinal cross-sectional views of intermediate manufacturing stages ofthe bullet ofFIG 2.
  • FIG 8 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a second bullet.
  • FIGS. 9-10 are longitudinal cross-sectional views of intermediate manufacturing stages ofthe bullet ofFIG 8.
  • FIG 1 shows , a cartridge 20 including a case 22, a bullet 24, a propellant charge 26, and a primer 28.
  • the case and primer are of conventional dimensions and materials such as those of the M882 round.
  • the case is unitarily formed of brass and is symmetric about a central longitudinal axis 100 it shares with the bullet.
  • the case includes a wall 30 extending from a fore end 32 to an aft end 34. At the aft end of the wall, the case includes a head 36.
  • the head has front and aft surfaces 38 and 40.
  • the front surface 38 and the interior surface 41 of the wall 30, define a cavity configured to receive the propellant charge 26.
  • the head has surfaces 44 and 46 defining an approximately cylindrical primer pocket extending forward from the aft surface 40.
  • the head has a surface 48 defining a flash hole extending from the primer pocket to the cavity.
  • the surface 48 and flash hole 49 defined thereby are cylindrical, e.g., of uniform circular cross-section.
  • the primer 28 includes a metal cup formed as the unitary combination of a sleeve portion and a web portion spanning the sleeve at an aft end of the sleeve.
  • a nontoxic, lead-free (e.g., dinol-based) primer charge is contained within the cup along a forward surface of the web.
  • an anvil is disposed across the cup and has aft and forward surfaces and at least one venting aperture (vent) extending between such surfaces.
  • a paper disk or foil is disposed on the aft surface of the anvil.
  • the illustrated bullet 24 (FIG 2) consists essentially of a metallic jacket 70, a frontal core 72, and a rear core 74. It is well recognized within the industry that the pointed FMC design such as employed for the M882 round is inherently inaccurate. One of the major geometric parameters affecting accuracy is the location of the bullet's center of gravity (CG) with respect to the nose surface. Accuracy of spin stabilized bullets improves as this distance increases. One method commonly employed to increase this distance is to remove a cylindrical section of the core from the nose (including the jacket material covering the section) and relocating the mass to the rear of the bullet to maintain comparable weight. This is typically referred to as a hollow point design.
  • CG center of gravity
  • Another method is to flatten the nose, essentially creating a meplat.
  • the bullet's drag increases and consequently changes the location of the center of pressure (CP).
  • the CP is now closer to the frontal surface and further from the CG.
  • the first present embodiment improves accuracy of the bullet by moving the CG rearward by replacing a portion of the high-density core material, such as lead, with a lower density material.
  • the front (nose) core 72 maybe 2.5 grains (0.16 g) of sodium carbonate while the rear core 74 may be 107.5 grains (6.97 g) of lead and the jacket 14.0 grains (0.91 g) of brass.
  • the bullet is consequently slightly longer if desired to maintain a similar mass but the CG is now relocated rearward.
  • the 9mm (124 grain (8.04 g)) FMC bullet used in the M882 cartridge has its CG located 1.00 caliber from the nose surface whereas with the first embodiment example it is 1.18 calibers (an 18% relative shift).
  • the M882 round had an average 10 shot dispersion of 3.6 inches (91 mm) at 50 yards (45.7 m) whereas the first embodiment example had only 1.9 inches for a 46% improvement. This is consistent with the estimated improvement in dispersion as calculated by PROD AS - an exterior ballistic computer program produced by Arrow Tech Associates.
  • the jacket 70 is initially formed as a relatively right bullet jacket cup (FIG 3).
  • This imtial jacket precursor is pressed into a die (not shown) having the desired ogive and nose profile with a punch (not shown) containing the desired inside profile.
  • the outside and inside surface contours along at least a forward portion thereof are advantageously not altered as a result of subsequent bullet forming operations.
  • the cores (more particularly as core precursors) are inserted into the jacket preform (FIG 5). In general, the greater the difference in densities of the two cores, the greater will be the rearward relocation of the CG in the assembled bullet.
  • Preferred nose core material is powdered sodium carbonate consolidated into a core precursor pellet of spherical shape.
  • the powder may include a small amount of wax or other binder to maintain integrity of the pellet during initial handling.
  • Other materials are acceptable. They would preferably have a density less than 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter. They would also preferably be relatively inert and non-toxic.
  • a spherical shape is preferred since its surface 73 will contact the jacket interior surface 71 to self align along the central axis (geometric centerline) when inserted into the jacket preform and thus maintain the overall CG position on such axis.
  • the rear core 74 advantageously has at least a convex front surface 75 and may have a similarly convex rear surface 76.
  • a cylindrical lateral surface 77 may join the two.
  • Front-to-back core symmetry eliminates the need to orient a unique front end around the front core precursor.
  • the radius of curvature Re of the front surface is advantageously between the radius R ⁇ of the rear core precursor (i.e., such as would form the rear core into an obround with domed hemispheric ends) and approximately the diameter (i.e., 2R ⁇ of the rear core precursor.
  • This profiling helps avoid damage to or deformation of the soft lead core during handling prior to compaction (e.g., prior to and during insertion) by effectively breaking the edge which would be associated with a flat-ended cylinder.
  • Other breaking of the edge, such as by chamfering, may provide some of this benefit.
  • the hardness/strength of the low density pellet should be less than that of the rear core precursor in order for it to be pulverized back to its original powdered form during consolidation (FIG. 6) and thus deform to assume the profile of the rear core's front end surface along a portion 80 and the ogival nose portion of the jacket interior surface 71 along a portion 81.
  • Tests have shown that the sodium carbonate sphere will crush at about five pounds force (lb./) (22N) whereas the rear lead core will not deform until at least 50 lb./ (222 N) is applied whereupon the sphere has already deformed to fill the space allocated for the low density material.
  • the diameter of the rear core expands to laterally fill the interior volume of the jacket (e.g., at a force in excess of 200 lb./ (890 N)).
  • the bullet is then coned (FIG. 7) and finish assembled (FIG 8) using standard forming tools and techniques.
  • the volume of the low density front core should be sufficient, given its density, to provide the desired rearward shift in CG This will typically be well under 50% of the internal volume of the jacket. A range of 5-40% is likely, with 10-20% being more narrow.
  • the front core 172 consists of a soft malleable material (e.g., having a hardness less than Brinell 10).
  • the rear core 174 is likely harder than the front core and has a density of at least 75% that of lead.
  • Preferred materials are: tin for the front core; and tungsten-filled nylon resin having a density of 10.2g/cc for the rear. Exemplary material is available from RTP Company, Winona, Minnesota, and is believed to contain a small amount of copper in addition to tungsten.
  • An exemplary lead-free M882 replacement could include front and rear core masses of 12.0 and 98.0 grains (0.78 and 6.35 g), respectively.
  • Other materials for the front core could include rubber, silicone, glazing putty, and consolidated inert powders such as used in the match bullet.
  • the rear core could comprise nickel, copper, and consolidated iron/tungsten powder partially sintered. To the extent that the nature of the rear core material is allowed to be a little stronger than lead in resisting handling damage, the core may more easily be formed as a cylinder without convex ends.
  • this bullet duplicates the penetration performance of the lead-core bullet being replaced.
  • body armor e.g., of aramid fiber
  • body armor e.g., of aramid fiber
  • the National Institute of Justice, U.S. Dept. of Justice has set minimum performance standards for body armor as detailed in NJJ Standard 0101.04, "Ballistic Resistance of Police Body Armor".
  • the standard states that a Level 2 grade of body armor will offer protection against all handgun ammunition except 44 Magnum, which requires a Level 3 A to prevent injury to the wearer.
  • a test conducted in accordance with the NLT standard has confirmed that a Level 2 body armor will stop the M882.
  • the entire bullet core consists of a material having a hardness greater than Brinell 10 no deformation of the bullet's nose profile will occur and the bullet will pass through the armor. It will also defeat Level 3 A protection. Under similar conditions, the tin-nosed M882 replacement bullet 124 met the NLT requirement.
  • the volume of the front core should be sufficient to permit sufficient nose distortion at impact to not penetrate a desired level of body armor. This will typically be well under 50% of the internal volume of the jacket. A range of 5-40% is likely, with 10-20% being more narrow.
  • the exemplary non-toxic bullet 124 is produced in a similar manner to the match bullet 24 except that the rear core precursor 174 is more cylindrical and initially contacts the jacket inside surface and not the front core precursor 174 (FIG 9). As force is exerted on the rear surface of the rear core precursor the front surface deforms and follows the contour of the jacket interior surface, and then the front core precursor consolidating the tin into the nose and in front of the rear core precursor (FIG 10). An exemplary 100 lb./ (445 N) force is required to completely deform the tin sphere and 500 lb./ (2224 N) to expand the rear core precursor to fill the inside profile of the bullet.
  • the tin would be forced rearward between the rear core precursor and the jacket thus reducing its effectiveness.
  • the remaining steps in forming the bullet e.g., coning and finishing) are similar to those used in completing the match bullet.

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un précurseur de blindage (70; 170) de balle, un précurseur de premier noyau (72; 172) à grenaille et un précurseur (74; 174) de second noyau. La grenaille et le précurseur de second noyau sont introduits dans le précurseur de blindage. Le précurseur de second noyau est poussé contre la grenaille de manière à déformer la grenaille pour qu'elle remplisse un volume avant du précurseur de blindage et fasse office de premier noyau présentant une déformation moindre (si toutefois il existe une déformation) que celle du précurseur de second noyau. Une partie arrière du précurseur de blindage est déformée pour contenir le précurseur de second noyau qui devient le second noyau. Les formes de réalisation préférées sont configurées sensiblement sous forme de recharges instantanées pour des balles existantes. Une forme de réalisation d'une balle de précision comprend un noyau arrière en plomb et un noyau avant très léger (en poudre de carbonate par exemple). Une forme de réalisation non toxique comprend un noyau avant en étain et un noyau arrière plus dur.
EP02797020A 2001-05-29 2002-05-08 Balle a double noyau Withdrawn EP1407216A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29416901P 2001-05-29 2001-05-29
US294169P 2001-05-29
US10/010,009 US20020178963A1 (en) 2001-05-29 2001-11-09 Dual core ammunition
US10009 2001-11-09
PCT/US2002/014491 WO2003029746A2 (fr) 2001-05-29 2002-05-08 Balle a double noyau

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1407216A2 true EP1407216A2 (fr) 2004-04-14

Family

ID=26680628

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02797020A Withdrawn EP1407216A2 (fr) 2001-05-29 2002-05-08 Balle a double noyau

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20020178963A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1407216A2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20040004624A (fr)
CN (1) CN1630803A (fr)
AU (1) AU2002361543A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2448968A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ20033259A3 (fr)
IL (1) IL158617A0 (fr)
NO (1) NO20035314L (fr)
WO (1) WO2003029746A2 (fr)

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AU2002367930A1 (en) * 2001-05-15 2003-12-22 Harold F. Beal In-situ formation of cap for ammunition projectile
US7243588B2 (en) 2001-05-15 2007-07-17 Doris Nebel Beal Inter Vivos Patent Trust Power-based core for ammunition projective
US7000547B2 (en) 2002-10-31 2006-02-21 Amick Darryl D Tungsten-containing firearm slug
KR100864573B1 (ko) * 2005-09-13 2008-10-20 공주대학교 산학협력단 소화기용 탄두 및 그 제조방법
US8393273B2 (en) 2009-01-14 2013-03-12 Nosler, Inc. Bullets, including lead-free bullets, and associated methods
US20120180690A1 (en) * 2010-04-19 2012-07-19 Masinelli Kyle A Full metal jacket bullets with improved lethality
US8307766B2 (en) 2010-04-22 2012-11-13 Liberty Ammunition, Inc. Drag effect trajectory enhanced projectile
RU2451899C1 (ru) * 2010-10-04 2012-05-27 Валерий Анатольевич Волохов Бронебойный снаряд для нарезного огнестрельного оружия
RU2451898C1 (ru) * 2010-10-04 2012-05-27 Валерий Анатольевич Волохов Снаряд для нарезного огнестрельного оружия
RU2451897C1 (ru) * 2010-10-04 2012-05-27 Валерий Анатольевич Волохов Бронебойный снаряд для нарезного огнестрельного оружия
RU2556399C2 (ru) * 2013-12-05 2015-07-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "Барнаульский патронный завод" Пуля патрона стрелкового оружия
US11199386B2 (en) * 2014-02-10 2021-12-14 Ruag Ammotec Ag PB-free deforming/partially fragmenting projectile with a defined mushrooming and fragmenting behavior
RU2544445C1 (ru) * 2014-02-20 2015-03-20 Закрытое акционерное общество "Новосибирский патронный завод" (ЗАО "НПЗ") Пуля
USD813974S1 (en) 2015-11-06 2018-03-27 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Cartridge with an enhanced ball round
RU2630025C2 (ru) * 2015-12-04 2017-09-05 Акционерное общество "Новосибирский патронный завод" (АО "НПЗ") Пуля
KR101660887B1 (ko) 2016-02-25 2016-09-28 주식회사 두레텍 명중률이 개선된 다목적 탄두
US9777986B1 (en) 2016-03-22 2017-10-03 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Holster
US10436550B2 (en) 2016-03-22 2019-10-08 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Holster
KR101754061B1 (ko) * 2017-04-18 2017-07-05 주식회사 두레텍 무게중심이 헤드부에 있는 비행안정 탄두 및 그 제조 방법
KR101713529B1 (ko) 2016-10-28 2017-03-08 주식회사 두레텍 탄환면 유체유입로를 구비한 탄환 및 그 제조방법
AR107151A1 (es) * 2016-12-20 2018-03-28 Leguizamon Armando Francisco Bala orgánica antirebote y proceso para fabricarla
US10551154B2 (en) 2017-01-20 2020-02-04 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Rifle cartridge with improved bullet upset and separation
US10690464B2 (en) 2017-04-28 2020-06-23 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Cartridge with combined effects projectile
USD848569S1 (en) 2018-01-20 2019-05-14 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Rifle cartridge
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DE102020133371B4 (de) 2020-12-14 2023-07-06 Ruag Ammotec Ag Vollmantelgeschoss und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Vollmantelgeschosses

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2448968A1 (fr) 2003-04-10
AU2002361543A1 (en) 2003-04-14
WO2003029746A3 (fr) 2004-04-15
CN1630803A (zh) 2005-06-22
WO2003029746A2 (fr) 2003-04-10
NO20035314D0 (no) 2003-11-28
US20020178963A1 (en) 2002-12-05
NO20035314L (no) 2003-11-28
CZ20033259A3 (cs) 2004-03-17
KR20040004624A (ko) 2004-01-13
IL158617A0 (en) 2004-05-12

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