Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
  • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
  • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
  • A62C3/0228—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires with delivery of fire extinguishing material by air or aircraft
  • A62C3/025—Fire extinguishing bombs; Projectiles and launchers therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C27/00—Fire-fighting land vehicles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
  • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
  • F42B5/03—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile containing more than one missile
  • F42B5/035—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile containing more than one missile the cartridge or barrel assembly having a plurality of axially stacked projectiles each having a separate propellant charge

Definitions

• the present invention relates to fire fighting.
• the present invention relates to methods of, and apparatus for, fighting fires having a relatively large expanse.
• the invention aims to provide a method of fire fighting that permits an expanse of fire to be, substantially simultaneously, doused with a fire retardant thereby making the fire easier to contain and ultimately to completely extinguish.
• the invention also aims to provide a fire fighting apparatus having improved performance over conventional fire fighting units and appliances.
• a method of fire fighting wherein said method includes identifying an target area to be doused with fire retardant and discharging a multiplicity of projectiles having the fire retardant contained therein from an ordnance having at least one barrel assembly, said at least one barrel assembly having a barrel, a plurality of projectiles axially disposed within the barrel for operative sealing engagement with the bore of the barrel, and discrete propellant charges for propelling respective projectiles sequentially through the muzzle of the barrel whereby said fire retardant is dispersed over the target area.
• a fire fighting apparatus including a targeting system for identifying a target area to be doused with fire retardant and an ordnance for discharging a multiplicity of projectiles having the fire retardant contained therein from said ordnance wherein said ordnance includes at least one barrel assembly, said at least one barrel assembly having a barrel, a plurality of projectiles axially disposed within the barrel for operative sealing engagement with the bore of the barrel, and discrete propellant charges for propelling respective projectiles sequentially through the muzzle of the barrel whereby said fire retardant is dispersed over the target area.
• the type of fire retardant that may be deployed in the method of the present invention includes a wide variety of fire retardants.
• Fire retardants are generally classified as types A. B or C and may be used on fires that burn on different fuel sources.
• the method of the present invention may deploy a powder retardant that is suitable on all classes of fire.
• a multiplicity of barrel assemblies may be used to selectively fire a variety of fire retardants, including gels and gases, that may be selected to suit the particular fire.
• the ordnance includes a number of barrel assemblies including a barrel; a plurality of projectiles axially disposed within the barrel for operative sealing engagement with the bore of the barrel, and discrete propellant charges for propelling respective projectiles sequentially through the muzzle of the barrel discharge projectiles to douse the fire.
• barrel assemblies are described in the present applicant's earlier International Patent Application Nos. PCT/AU94/00124, PCT/AU96/00459 and PCT/AU97/00713.
• the projectile may be round, conventionally shaped or dart-like and the fins thereof may be offset to generate a stabilising spin as the dart is propelled from a barrel that may be a smooth-bored barrel.
• the projectile charge may be form as a solid block to operatively space the projectiles in the barrel or the propellant charge may be encased in metal or other rigid case which may include an embedded primer having external contact means adapted for contacting a pre-positioned electrical contact associated with the barrel.
• the primer could be provided with a sprung contact which may be retracted to enable insertion of the cased charge into the barrel and to spring out into a barrel aperture upon alignment with that aperture for operative contact with its mating barrel contact.
• the outer case may be consumable or may chemically assist the propellant burn.
• an assembly of stacked and bonded or separate cased charges and projectiles may be provided for reloading a barrel.
• Each projectile may include a projectile head and extension means for at least partly defining a propellant space.
• the extension means may include a spacer assembly that extends rearwardly from the projectile head and abuts an adjacent projectile assembly.
• the spacer assembly may extend through the propellant space and the projectile head whereby compressive loads are transmitted directly through abutting adjacent spacer assemblies.
• the spacer assembly may add support to the extension means which may be a thin cylindrical rear portion of the projectile head.
• the extension means may form an operative sealing contact with the bore of the barrel to prevent burn leakage past the projectile head.
• the spacer assembly may include a rigid collar which extends outwardly to engage a thin cylindrical rear portion of the malleable projectile head inoperative sealing contact with the bore of the barrel such that axially compressive loads are transmitted directly between spacer assemblies thereby avoiding deformation of the malleable projectile head.
• Complementary wedging surfaces may be disposed on the spacer assembly and projectile head respectively whereby the projectile head is urged into engagement with the bore of the barrel in response to relative axial compression between the spacer means and the projectile head.
• the projectile head and spacer assembly may be loaded into the barrel and there after an axial displacement is caused to ensure good sealing between the projectile head and barrel.
• the extension means is urged into engagement with the bore of the barrel.
• the projectile head may define a tapered aperture at its rearward end into which is received a complementary tapered spigot disposed on the leading end of the spacer assembly, wherein relative axial movement between the projectile head and the complementary tapered spigot causes a radially expanding force to be applied to the projectile head.
• the barrel may be non-metallic and the bore of the barrel may include recesses that may fully or partly accommodate the ignition means.
• the barrel houses electrical conductors which facilitate electrical communication between the control means and ignition means.
• a barrel assembly may alternatively include ignition apertures in the barrel and the ignition means are disposed outside the barrel and adjacent the apertures.
• a non-metallic outer barrel that may include recesses adapted to accommodate the ignition means may surround the barrel.
• the outer barrel may also house electrical conductors that facilitate electrical communication between the control means and ignition means.
• the outer barrel may be formed as a laminated plastics barrel which may include a printed circuit laminate for the ignition means.
• the barrel assembly may have adjacent projectiles that are separated from one another and maintained in spaced apart relationship by locating means separate from the projectiles, and each projectile may include an expandable sealing means for forming an operative seal with the bore of the barrel.
• the locating means may be the propellant charge between adjacent projectiles and the sealing means suitably includes a skirt portion on each projectile which expands outwardly when subject to an in-barrel load.
• the in-barrel load may be applied during installation of the projectiles or after loading such as by tamping to consolidate the column of projectiles and propellant charges or may result from the firing of an outer projectile and particularly the adjacent outer projectile.
• the rear end of the projectile may include a skirt about an inwardly reducing recess such as a conical recess or a part-spherical recess or the like into which the propellant charge portion extends and about which rearward movement of the projectile will result in radial expansion of the projectile skirt.
• This rearward movement may occur by way of compression resulting from a rearward wedging movement of the projectile along the leading portion of the propellant charge it may occur as a result of metal flow from the relatively massive leading part of the projectile to its less massive skirt portion.
• the projectile may be provided with a rearwardly divergent peripheral sealing flange or collar which is deflected outwardly into sealing engagement with the bore upon rearward movement of the projectile.
• the sealing may be effected by inserting the projectiles into a heated barrel which shrinks onto respective sealing portions of the projectiles.
• the projectile may comprise a relatively hard mandrel portion located by the propellant charge and which cooperates with a deformable annular portion may be moulded about the mandrel to form a unitary projectile which relies on metal flow between the nose of the projectile and its tail for outward expansion about the mandrel portion into sealing engagement with the bore of the barrel.
• the projectile assembly may include a rearwardly expanding anvil surface supporting a sealing collar thereabout and adapted to be radially expanded into sealing engagement with the barrel bore upon forward movement of the projectile through the barrel.
• the propellant charge may have a cylindrical leading portion which abuts the flat end face of the projectile.
• the projectiles may be adapted for seating and/or location within circumferential grooves or by annular ribs in the bore or in rifling grooves in the bore and may include a metal jacket encasing at least the outer end portion of the projectile.
• the projectile may be provided with contractible peripheral locating rings that extend outwardly into annular grooves in the barrel and that retract into the projectile upon firing to permit its free passage through the barrel.
• the electrical ignition for sequentially igniting the propellant charges of a barrel assembly may preferably include the steps of igniting the leading propellant charge by sending an ignition signal through the stacked projectiles, and causing ignition of the leading propellant charge to arm the next propellant charge for actuation by the next ignition signal.
• all propellant charges inwardly from the end of a loaded barrel are disarmed by the insertion of respective insulating ruses disposed between normally closed electrical contacts.
• the ignition is electronically controlled with respective propellant charges being associated with primers which are triggered by distinctive ignition signals.
• the primers in the stacked propellant charges may be sequenced for increasing pulse width ignition requirements whereby electronic controls may selectively send ignition pulses of increasing pulse widths to ignite the propellant charges sequentially in a selected time order.
• the propellant charges are ignited by a set pulse width signal and burning of the leading propellant charge arms the next propellant charge for actuation by the next emitted pulse.
• all propellant charges inwardly from the end of a loaded barrel are disarmed by the insertion of respective insulating fuses disposed between insertion of respective insulating fuses disposed between normally closed electrical contacts, the fuses being set to burn to enable the contacts to close upon transmission of a suitable triggering signal and each insulating fuse being open to a respective leading propellant charge for ignition thereby.
• a number of projectiles can be fired simultaneously, or in quick succession, or in response to repetitive manual actuation of a trigger, for example.
• the electrical signal may be carried externally of the barrel or it may be carried through the superimposed projectiles which may clip on to one another to continue the electrical circuit through the barrel, or abut in electrical contact with one another.
• the projectiles may carry the control circuit or they may form a circuit with the barrel.
• the fire fighting capabilities of the method and apparatus of the present invention may advantageously be applied to fighting fires in a relatively flat, two- dimensional plane.
• the projectiles containing fire retardant may be detonated to disperse the fire retardant in a simple plane.
• the surface of the fuel source which feeds grass fires, and spilled fuel fires is generally a rather flat two dimensional plane which is often horizontal.
• These fires can be effectively engaged by the mortar box means of distributing impact activated 'grenades' that release fire retardant powder.
• grass and brush may have a vertical fuel depth of say two metres, such a depth can generally be expected to be doused with fire retardant by the normal distribution effect of impact bursting grenades.
• the purpose of the laser signal would be to broadcast a horizontal or otherwise preferred shaped signal above the fire, to be received by a the grenades and to initiate the timing of the release of the powder. In this way all of the grenades would burst at a designated height above the fire, and thereby more effectively douse the flames with fire retardant that may settle onto the source of the fire.
• the projectiles may burst and deploy the fire retardant by use of a small explosive charge. Alternatively a mechanical assembly may be used to deploy the fire retardant.
• the grenades may be stacked in a mortar box to have a range of response times so that a calculated percentage of them burst at the time the signal is received, while others burst at a number of delayed times.
• the result of which may be that some grenades burst above the flames, some burst in the flames and in the case of tall grass and brush some burst in the fuel column. Others may remain as impact activated grenades.
• fuel structures such as branches and the like which might otherwise only be 'dusted' from the top, would also be dusted from below, and the material in vertical fuel column would be more effectively covered.
• the grenades may receive signals of when to burst from a variety of other sources, such as radio frequency, and any other suitable means. Additionally the projectiles may be heat activated in that they include means for bursting, in part or in total, initiated by the heat of the fire.
• Finned or otherwise controlled projectiles may be fitted with heat sensors, infa- red for example, such that projectiles which might otherwise fall outside the fire perimeter, or more than a preferred distance outside the fire perimeter, would autonomously change course to fall inside the desired perimeter.
• the method and apparatus of the present invention may also be employed in dousing fires that are burning in a more three dimensional volume. For example forest fires, in which case the vertical fuel column and the resulting flame column can be a considerable height may be attacked in accordance with the present invention. For instance it would not be uncommon for a forest fire to be operating in a vertical fuel column stretching from the floor of the forest to the top of the canopy.
• this vertical fuel column makes the task of extinguishing the flames much greater than would be the case as described with grass and brush.
• a far greater number of grenades are required and an effective means of distributing the bursting of the grenades within the fire column is desired. It is preferred that a means of ensuring that the grenades burst at various depths in the column, to provide effective coverage of the column with fire retardant powder is provided.
• the projectiles or grenades may be discharged into such fires from an aircraft.
• GPS may be used to establish the height of the aircraft, the height and contour of the forest floor, and this information can be electronically transferred to the mortars during firing.
• Radar may also be used to determine the height of the aircraft above the forest floor, and the height of the top of the canopy. This information may be used to provide bursting instructions to the projectiles.
• the trajectory of the grenades can be calculated by computer to accommodate wind, altitude, aircraft height and speed, forest floor contour and it may thus be available for an operator in the aircraft to have a VDU screen which can overlay the possible impact footprint of a firing onto an infra-red image of the fire. In this way, and/or where available with visual confirmation of the situation, the operator will be able to commence firing at a preferred moment, and will be able to engage the hottest seat of the flames. Further the present invention may be used to deploy fire retardant as a fire break.
• the monitor may permit zones within the designated area to be avoided such that either the quantity of fire retardant deployed is minimised.
• the barrel assemblies may be splayed relative to each other to concentrate or diffuse the fire from the mortar box dependent upon the nature of the fire.
• FIG. 1 is an illustration of a fire for which the method of the present invention is applicable
• FIG. 2 is an illustration of a fire fighting unit of a first embodiment for use in the present invention
• FIG. 3 is an illustration of a fire fighting unit of a second embodiment for use in the present invention
• FIG. 4 is an cross-sectional view of a barrel assembly for use in either of the first and second embodiments;
• FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a control means for use with an airborne fire fighting unit of third embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows a bush fire 10 that is burning both on the ground 11 and throughout the fuel column defined by the trees 12.
• the fire retardants are configured to burst and deploy fire retardant at various heights above the ground and on the ground so as to quench the fire 10 throughout its depth.
• FIG. 2 shows a fire fighting unit in the form of a truck 20.
• the fire fighting unit may also be airborne such as an aircraft or helicopter.
• the fire fighting unit includes a number of pods 21 of barrel assemblies for firing projectiles 22 carrying fire retardant.
• the fire fighting unit also has a laser guidance system 23 for directing the projectiles 22 containing fire retardant. It will be appreciated that the pods may be rotatably mounted on the rear of the truck in order that they may be aimed by the laser guidance system 23.
• the laser guidance system 23 may have an alternate mode of operation wherein the beam 24 produced by the guidance system is sweep at a designated height above ground.
• the sweep beam effectively broadcasts a signal to the projectiles to initiate the release of the fire retardant.
• other means such as radio frequency signals, may be employed to communicate a burst or release signal to the projectiles.
• Some projectiles may also include heat sensors for reactive release of retardant in non-homogeneous fire conditions.
• FIG. 3 shows a manually deployable pod 25 or mortar box containing a plurality of barrel assemblies 30 of different sizes having projectiles (see FIG. 4) that incorporate a fire retardant.
• the pod includes expandable walls 26 which are arranged to accommodate the mutual splaying of barrel assemblies 30, and a folding support structure 27 for orientating the barrels 30 in an inclined position.
• Such a pod 25 may be conveniently transported to a site near the fire and manually deployed in the field by a fire fighting team as required.
• FIG. 4 shows a typical cross section of projectiles 35 loaded in a barrel 39, such as that comprised in the barrel assemblies 30 of the pod depicted in either FIG. 2 or 3.
• the projectiles 35 of the embodiment incorporate fire retardant powder in a containment 32 formed within a head portion of the projectile, and a propellant charge in a high pressure chamber 36 at the projectile tail. Upon ignition, combustion products of the propellant are exhausted through ports 38 into a low pressure chamber 33 to discharge the leading projectile 35 from the barrel 39.
• the projectiles 35 sealably engage the bore of barrel 39 through a tapered sleeve 31 which is retained on the projectile by a shoulder portion 37 of the sleeve.
• the sleeve 31 extends rearwardly from the projectile head, constituting a spacer assembly for defining the low pressure chamber 33 and abutting an adjacent projectile therebehind.
• the sleeve 31 includes a wedging surface 34 which engages with a complementary surface on the projectile head, such that when compressive loads are applied to a column of projectiles loaded into the barrel 39, at least a portion of the sleeve 31 may be urged into operative sealing engagement with the bore of the barrel.
• FIG. 5 illustrates a functional block diagram of a control system 40 for use with an airborne fire fighting unit of a further embodiment of the present invention.
• the control system includes a central processing unit (CPU) 41 which receives data from a variety of sensors, including those typically provided on a host aircraft carrying an array of projectile launching pods 54 similar to those described above.
• CPU central processing unit
• a radar altimeter 42 provides instantaneous height of the aircraft above terrain and a global positioning system (GPS) receiver 43 can provide instantaneous position information.
• GPS global positioning system
• a digital terrain map database 44 can be used together with aircraft speed and heading information 48 in order to predict terrain to be traversed during flight, and to produce a representation of a terrain map 51 on a visual display unit 45 for use by an operator.
• the instantaneous position of the aircraft can be represented on the display by a suitable icon 50 generated from data provided by the GPS receiver 43.
• the control system 40 also includes inputs for a targeting sub-system which comprises an infrared (IR) detection array 46 in the embodiment.
• the IR detector 46 suitably looks forward of the aircraft to produce a fire map 52, depicting the different intensity levels of the fire, for display as an overlay on the terrain map shown on the visual display unit 45.
• An operator can conveniently review the terrain and fire maps on the display 45 and designate an area of the fire to be targeted 47, such as using a pointing device 53 in conjunction with the display unit 45.
• the designated fire target area 47 can be utilised by the CPU, together with instantaneous and predicted height and position of the aircraft, to calculate the anticipated time of flight of projectiles and produce suitable aiming and projectile firing signals for the pod 54 and, if required, program detonation delays for selected projectiles.
• the density of projectiles can suitably be automatically determined on the basis of fire intensity revealed by the IR detector array 46, and the detonation delays in relation to a designated height for dispersal of the fire retardant from containments in the projectiles.
• the aiming and firing of projectiles from the pod and programming of detonation delays can be conducted in relation to desired fire intensity.
• This arrangement can be used to target the hot spots in a much larger fire front.
• the method and apparatus of the present invention allows precise targeting of hot spots in a fire, thereby preventing or at least containing the growth of a fire. Furthermore, where high value assets are threatened and/or lives are at stake, the fire front of concern may be more precisely targeted.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Ecology (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
• Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-07-06 AU AUPR6197A patent/AUPR619701A0/en not_active Abandoned
• 2002
  • 2002-07-03 ZA ZA200400032A patent/ZA200400032B/en unknown
  • 2002-07-03 RU RU2004101228/12A patent/RU2288761C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-07-03 IL IL15973302A patent/IL159733A0/xx unknown
  • 2002-07-03 JP JP2003510111A patent/JP2004532716A/ja active Pending
  • 2002-07-03 KR KR10-2004-7000154A patent/KR20040015333A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-07-03 CA CA002452161A patent/CA2452161A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-07-03 CN CNA028136233A patent/CN1525873A/zh active Pending
  • 2002-07-03 WO PCT/AU2002/000854 patent/WO2003004102A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-07-03 EP EP02742508A patent/EP1404415A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-07-03 BR BR0211236-1A patent/BR0211236A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-07-03 US US10/482,664 patent/US20040238186A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2002-07-03 MX MXPA04000165A patent/MXPA04000165A/es unknown
  • 2002-12-19 TW TW091136719A patent/TW200410743A/zh unknown

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