EP1399675A1 - Wind turbine - Google Patents

Wind turbine

Info

Publication number
EP1399675A1
EP1399675A1 EP02702996A EP02702996A EP1399675A1 EP 1399675 A1 EP1399675 A1 EP 1399675A1 EP 02702996 A EP02702996 A EP 02702996A EP 02702996 A EP02702996 A EP 02702996A EP 1399675 A1 EP1399675 A1 EP 1399675A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tower
rotor
attached
ballast
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02702996A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Anatoliusz Z. Jaroszewicz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PL34773301A external-priority patent/PL347733A1/en
Priority claimed from PL34918101A external-priority patent/PL349181A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1399675A1 publication Critical patent/EP1399675A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/912—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower
    • F05B2240/9121—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure on a tower on a lattice tower
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/915—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable
    • F05B2240/9152—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable by being hinged
    • F05B2240/91521—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure which is vertically adjustable by being hinged at ground level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/916—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure with provision for hoisting onto the structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the subject of invention consists of a wind turbine, in particular serving for the generation of electric power.
  • This invention provides for the tower fixed to the sleeve via bearings mounted on the pins attached to the sleeve, where the tower is rigidly connected by an auxiliary beam with the main beam at the angle of 50° to 120°, the other, free end of which is suspended at the top part ofthe tower on a rope, and has ballast fixed underneath with a coupling and to the main beam's bottom is fastened the end ofthe rope wound on a reel attached to the ballast to which the tower's rotary mechanism is attached.
  • the rotary mechanism includes a propeller attached to the ballast.
  • the ballast is connected via ropes with the assembly ballast placed at the bottom ofthe water area, which assembly ballast has sharp edges on its bottom side.
  • the rotary mechanism includes a wheel, having a horizontal axis of rotation, attached to the ballast, which wheel rests on a rail-track laid on the ground and is connected via coupling with an electric motor.
  • the rotor has a hub to which brackets, joined by strings with catches located on the rotor's blades, are attached.
  • the sleeve is connected with two towers, each equipped with a rotor, which are connected with each other by a connecting beam.
  • the sleeve along with the tower's part attached to it and a part ofthe main beam, is located under the water surface.
  • the rotary mechanism includes a wheel, having a horizontal axis of rotation, attached to the ballast, which wheel rests on a rail-track laid on the ground, lies in the fact that it is necessary to apply the tower's rotary mechanism in order to overcome the resistance resulting from the ballast's movements.
  • the tower is fixed to the sleeve along from 1/4 to 3/4 of the tower's height and has a bumper fixed on its bottom, which bumper touches the rotary sleeve fixed on the foundation. If the wind speed exceeds the rated speed, the tower, along with its rotor and the ballast, tilts around the pins fixed on that sleeve.
  • the immovable rotor of the generator is fixed centrally on the tower, and to the stator of this generator is attached the rotor's hub.
  • f g.l presents a diagram of a wind turbine fitted for the construction offshore, as seen from the side
  • fig.2 presents a diagram of a wind turbine fitted for the construction on land, as seen from the side
  • fig.3 presents an intersection ofthe turbine along line A-A as marked on fig.l
  • fig.4 presents the turbine's rotor, equipped with bracing elements, as seen from the side
  • fig.5 presents an intersection ofthe engine's rotor along line B-B as marked on f ⁇ g.4
  • f ⁇ g.6 presents the assembly ballast, with fastening ropes, designed to position the tower and the rotor in vertical position, as seen from the side
  • f ⁇ g.7 presents a wind turbine with two towers and two rotors constructed on the common foundation, as seen from the front
  • fig.8 presents a wind turbine in which the sleeve is under the water, as seen from the side
  • fig.9 presents a wind turbine in which the s
  • the wind turbine fitted for the construction offshore has a rotor W placed on a tower H, which tower is equipped with a sleeve L
  • the sleeve is mounted so that it may rotate via bearing 2 on the foundation F fixed at the bottom ofthe water area.
  • the tower H is fixed to the sleeve 1 via bearings 3, which are mounted on the pins 4 attached to the sleeve 1.
  • the main beam 7 is fastened to the tower H at the angle of 50° to 120°.
  • the main beam 7 has a free end suspended at the top part ofthe tower H on a rope 8 and has ballast 9 fixed underneath with a coupling JjO.
  • the main beam 7 is rigidly connected with the tower H via an auxiliary beam 13.
  • the tower's rotary mechanism M is attached, which causes the tower H together with its rotor W to turn perpendicular to the wind direction X around a vertical axis passing through the middle ofthe foundation F.
  • the rotary mechanism M includes a propeller 14 attached to the ballast 9.
  • the ballast 9 is partially above the water and constitutes a counterbalance for the static load of the mass of the elements located at the other end ofthe axis ofthe foundation F.
  • the wind's X pressure force exerted on the rotor W constitutes an additional load and causes the ballast to emerge from the water to the height needed in order to obtain a balance of forces on both sides of the foundation's axis, at a given wind speed.
  • the ballast 9 continues to be partially immersed in the water, and the excess power of the wind motor is reduced by one ofthe known methods.
  • the ballast 9 emerges from the water to the height necessary in order to obtain a balance of forces, which balance is provided due to the fact that the lift of the ballast 9 is accompanied by a tilt of the tower H and the rotor W, the blades of which 23 act on a smaller surface, perpendicular to the wind direction.
  • the auxiliary beam j_3 is compressed during calm weather and light wind. During medium wind and fresh gales, the load coming from the pressure ofthe wind X on the rotor W is taken over by the rope 8.
  • the electric power is transmitted from the generator 24 through a cable, which passes through the tower W, the sleeve I, and the foundation F into the ground.
  • the solution according to the invention provides for the propeller 14 having the rotation axis perpendicular to the rotation axis ofthe rotor W.
  • the propeller 14 is immersed in the water and starts to work after the tower H has turned in relation to the foundation F by approximately one and a half turn, turning the tower back by one turn. It is necessary in order to prevent damage ofthe electric cable, which transmits electric power from the generator
  • Fig.2 and f ⁇ g.3 present a wind turbine fitted for the construction on land. It differs from the device presented by fig.l and fig.3 so that the rotation mechanism M includes a wheel 1_5 attached to the ballast 9, which wheel 15 . has a horizontal axis of rotation. It rests on a rail-track 6 laid on the ground and is connected via coupling 17 with an electric motor 18 . .
  • Fig.4 and fig.5 present the solution of the rotor W where the rotor blades' construction is strengthened by fastening of brackets 20, connected via strings 21 with catches 22 located on the rotor's blades 23, to the hub 19 ofthe rotor W.
  • the catches 22 must have bearings.
  • Fig.6 presents the elements necessary in order to place the tower H together with the rotor W on the foundation F fixed at the bottom of the water area (for example, at the sea bottom), as well as their mutual co-operation.
  • the assembly ballast 25 rests at the bottom of the water area and is attached to the ballast 9 with ropes 26. It constitutes a counterbalance for any additional load during the assembly process, which occur when the tower together with the rotor are in a horizontal position.
  • the sleeve is set on the top of the foundation F. At this time, the rotor W rests on a floating platform 28.
  • Fig.7 presents a wind turbine in which two towers H are attached to the sleeve .
  • Each of these towers H is equipped with a rotor W.
  • the rotors W are joined with a connecting beam 29.
  • the towers have at the bottom bearings 3, which are mounted on the pins 4 attached to the sleeve 1, which, in turn, rest on the common foundation F.
  • Fig.8 presents the solution where the sleeve 1, along with the part of the tower H which is attached to it and a part of the main beam 7, is under the water.
  • This solution allows to assembly the wind turbine in a water area where the water is very deep, for example 15-30 m deep.
  • bending moments acting on the foundation which are caused by the pressure of the wind X on the rotor are relatively small. For example, for a wind power plant of 20 MW output, a foundation in the form of a single steel pole having the diameter of 3.5 m is sufficient.
  • Fig.9 presents the wind turbine, in particular serving for electric power generation, which has a rotor W placed on the horizontal end of a tower HI, which tower is equipped with a sleeve .
  • the tower H is fixed to the sleeve via bearings 3, which are mounted on the pins 4 attached to the sleeve 1.
  • the main beam 7 has a free end suspended at the top part ofthe tower H on a rope 8 and has ballast 9 fixed underneath.
  • the main beam 7 is connected with the tower HI via an auxiliary beam 13.
  • the auxiliary beam L3 is compressed during calm weather and light wind. During medium wind and fresh gales, the load coming from the pressure ofthe wind X on the rotor W is taken over by the rope 8.
  • the electric power is transmitted from the generator 24 through a cable, which passes through the tower H , the sleeve 1, and the foundation F into the ground, whereby the generator 24 is placed under the rotor W and attached to the tower HL
  • the solution according to invention is also distinguished by the fact that the tower HI is fixed to the sleeve along from one fourth to three fourths ofthe tower's HI height and has a bumper 3_1 fixed on its bottom, which bumper 3 _ touches the rotary sleeve 32 fixed on the foundation F. If the wind speed exceeds the rated speed, the tower H , along with its rotor W and the ballast 9, tilts around the pins 4 fixed on the sleeve .
  • Fig.10 presents the solution where on the horizontal end of the tower HI, to which a rope 8 is attached, is placed generator 24, fixed to the tower in such a manner that the immovable rotor (34) of the generator 24 is fixed centrally on the tower HI , and to the stator 35 of this generator is attached the rotor's W hub 19.
  • the rotation of the rotor W is the same as the rotation of the generator 24.
  • the generator itself works in a reversed arrangement, which means that its rotor 34 is immovable and permanently fixed to the tower HI, while the generator's stator 35 is rotated by the blades 23 of the rotor W.
  • a cable from the rotor 34 ofthe generator 24 transmits the electric power.
  • the main elements thereof are less exposed to the loads caused by the pressure of the wind X, as compared to the loads appearing in currently applied solutions, and are compressed or stretched rather than bent. Moreover, the directions of said loads point in one direction, irrespective ofthe direction ofthe wind X.
  • ballast 9 does not emerge from the water or rises, in case of a wind turbine fitted for the construction on land.
  • the wind turbine is towed, as one whole, to the place of assembly, then, even if it is very large, it is easy to position on the foundation without any hoisting cranes.
  • the above-mentioned easiness of the assembly of the wind turbine according to the invention allows building large wind power plants in the water areas where the water depth is up to 30 m.
  • the diameter of such a plant's rotor may be 150 m, and its tower may be 100 m high.
  • the output of such a power plant equipped with one rotor is 10 MW, with the wind's rated speed 13.2 m/s; the output of said power plant with two rotors is 20 MW.
  • the tower of such a wind turbine may be placed near the wall of the building. In this case the tower will be lighter, and cables shorter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The wind turbine, in particular serving for the generation of electric power, has a rotor (W) placed on a tower (H) equipped with a sleeve (1) mounted so that it may rotate via bearing (2) on the foundation (F) fixed in the ground. The tower (H) is fixed to the sleeve (1) via bearings (3) mounted on the pins (4) attached to the sleeve (1). The tower (H) is rigidly connected by an auxiliary beam (13) with the main beam (7) at the angle of 50 to 120, the other, free end of which is suspended at the top part of the tower (H) on a rope (8), and has ballast (9) fixed underneath with a coupling (10) and to the main beam's (7) bottom is fastened the end of the rope (11) wound on a reel (12) attached to the ballast (9) to which the tower's (H) rotary mechanism (M) is attached.

Description

Wind Turbine
The subject of invention consists of a wind turbine, in particular serving for the generation of electric power.
We know a wind turbine equipped with a rotor, the blades of which, along with the hub, are fixed on a shaft connected to a transmission gear, and then to a generator producing electric energy, which is subsequently transmitted to the grid.
The above mentioned elements are fixed on the top of the tower and position themselves perpendicular to the wind direction, whereas the tower itself, which rests on its foundation, remains motionless.
The disadvantage of this solution lies in the fact that many elements of the tower work not only in terms of compression and tension, but also in terms of bending, which results in a considerable weight of the tower and the difficulty to give it large overall dimensions.
There also exists a solution providing for the tower's turning, along with its rotor, perpendicular to the wind direction around its vertical axis, like, for example, in Dutch windmills. However, it is no longer applied due to the necessity of overcoming a considerable friction resistance while the wind motor positions itself windward it involves. Drawbacks of the existing solutions have been removed upon the performing of a wind turbine, in particular serving for electric power generation, the rotor of which is placed on a tower equipped with a sleeve mounted so that it may rotate via bearing on the foundation fixed in the ground. This invention provides for the tower fixed to the sleeve via bearings mounted on the pins attached to the sleeve, where the tower is rigidly connected by an auxiliary beam with the main beam at the angle of 50° to 120°, the other, free end of which is suspended at the top part ofthe tower on a rope, and has ballast fixed underneath with a coupling and to the main beam's bottom is fastened the end ofthe rope wound on a reel attached to the ballast to which the tower's rotary mechanism is attached.
Advantageously, the rotary mechanism includes a propeller attached to the ballast.
Advantageously, the ballast is connected via ropes with the assembly ballast placed at the bottom ofthe water area, which assembly ballast has sharp edges on its bottom side.
In another exemplary application, the rotary mechanism includes a wheel, having a horizontal axis of rotation, attached to the ballast, which wheel rests on a rail-track laid on the ground and is connected via coupling with an electric motor.
Advantageously, the rotor has a hub to which brackets, joined by strings with catches located on the rotor's blades, are attached.
Advantageously, the sleeve is connected with two towers, each equipped with a rotor, which are connected with each other by a connecting beam.
Advantageously, the sleeve, along with the tower's part attached to it and a part ofthe main beam, is located under the water surface.
The disadvantage of this solution, in which the rotary mechanism includes a wheel, having a horizontal axis of rotation, attached to the ballast, which wheel rests on a rail-track laid on the ground, lies in the fact that it is necessary to apply the tower's rotary mechanism in order to overcome the resistance resulting from the ballast's movements.
Drawback ofthe mentioned above solution have been removed upon the performance of a wind turbine, in particular serving for electric power generation, the rotor of which is placed on a tower equipped with a sleeve mounted so that it may rotate via bearing on the foundation fixed in the ground. The tower is fixed to the sleeve via bearings mounted on the pins attached to the sleeve and is rigidly connected by an auxiliary beam with the main beam, the other, free end of which is suspended at the top part of the tower on a rope and has ballast fixed underneath. According to the invention, on the horizontal end of the tower, to which the rope is attached, is placed the rotor, and generator is placed under the rotor and is fixed to the tower.
Advantageously, the tower is fixed to the sleeve along from 1/4 to 3/4 of the tower's height and has a bumper fixed on its bottom, which bumper touches the rotary sleeve fixed on the foundation. If the wind speed exceeds the rated speed, the tower, along with its rotor and the ballast, tilts around the pins fixed on that sleeve.
Advantageously, the immovable rotor of the generator is fixed centrally on the tower, and to the stator of this generator is attached the rotor's hub.
The subject of the invention is illustrated by a drawing of its exemplary execution, where: f g.l presents a diagram of a wind turbine fitted for the construction offshore, as seen from the side; fig.2 presents a diagram of a wind turbine fitted for the construction on land, as seen from the side; fig.3 presents an intersection ofthe turbine along line A-A as marked on fig.l; fig.4 presents the turbine's rotor, equipped with bracing elements, as seen from the side; fig.5 presents an intersection ofthe engine's rotor along line B-B as marked on fιg.4; fιg.6 presents the assembly ballast, with fastening ropes, designed to position the tower and the rotor in vertical position, as seen from the side; fιg.7 presents a wind turbine with two towers and two rotors constructed on the common foundation, as seen from the front; fig.8 presents a wind turbine in which the sleeve is under the water, as seen from the side, fig.9 presents a wind turbine fitted for the construction on land, as seen from the side; and fig.10 presents the generator placed on the tower, as seen from the side.
The wind turbine fitted for the construction offshore, as presented in fig.l and fig.3, has a rotor W placed on a tower H, which tower is equipped with a sleeve L The sleeve is mounted so that it may rotate via bearing 2 on the foundation F fixed at the bottom ofthe water area.
The tower H is fixed to the sleeve 1 via bearings 3, which are mounted on the pins 4 attached to the sleeve 1. The main beam 7 is fastened to the tower H at the angle of 50° to 120°.
The main beam 7 has a free end suspended at the top part ofthe tower H on a rope 8 and has ballast 9 fixed underneath with a coupling JjO.
To the main beam 7 the end of the rope J_l wound on a reel JJ2 attached to the ballast is also fastened.
The main beam 7 is rigidly connected with the tower H via an auxiliary beam 13.
To the ballast 9, the tower's rotary mechanism M is attached, which causes the tower H together with its rotor W to turn perpendicular to the wind direction X around a vertical axis passing through the middle ofthe foundation F.
In case of a wind turbine fitted for the construction offshore, the rotary mechanism M includes a propeller 14 attached to the ballast 9. The ballast 9 is partially above the water and constitutes a counterbalance for the static load of the mass of the elements located at the other end ofthe axis ofthe foundation F.
The wind's X pressure force exerted on the rotor W constitutes an additional load and causes the ballast to emerge from the water to the height needed in order to obtain a balance of forces on both sides of the foundation's axis, at a given wind speed.
Two solutions are possible to apply here.
According to the first solution, after the wind speed has exceeded the value corresponding to the maximum power of the wind turbine, the ballast 9 continues to be partially immersed in the water, and the excess power of the wind motor is reduced by one ofthe known methods.
According to the second solution, after the wind speed has exceeded the value corresponding to the maximum power of the wind turbine, the ballast 9 emerges from the water to the height necessary in order to obtain a balance of forces, which balance is provided due to the fact that the lift of the ballast 9 is accompanied by a tilt of the tower H and the rotor W, the blades of which 23 act on a smaller surface, perpendicular to the wind direction.
The auxiliary beam j_3 is compressed during calm weather and light wind. During medium wind and fresh gales, the load coming from the pressure ofthe wind X on the rotor W is taken over by the rope 8.
The electric power is transmitted from the generator 24 through a cable, which passes through the tower W, the sleeve I, and the foundation F into the ground.
The solution according to the invention provides for the propeller 14 having the rotation axis perpendicular to the rotation axis ofthe rotor W.
The propeller 14 is immersed in the water and starts to work after the tower H has turned in relation to the foundation F by approximately one and a half turn, turning the tower back by one turn. It is necessary in order to prevent damage ofthe electric cable, which transmits electric power from the generator
2 -
Fig.2 and fιg.3 present a wind turbine fitted for the construction on land. It differs from the device presented by fig.l and fig.3 so that the rotation mechanism M includes a wheel 1_5 attached to the ballast 9, which wheel 15. has a horizontal axis of rotation. It rests on a rail-track 6 laid on the ground and is connected via coupling 17 with an electric motor 18..
Fig.4 and fig.5 present the solution of the rotor W where the rotor blades' construction is strengthened by fastening of brackets 20, connected via strings 21 with catches 22 located on the rotor's blades 23, to the hub 19 ofthe rotor W.
In this solution, when the rotor blades 23 are of considerable size, they are less exposed to static and dynamic load or to vibration.
If the rotor blades 23 are equipped with servomechanisms, which position them at a specific angle, depending on the wind speed, the catches 22 must have bearings.
Fig.6 presents the elements necessary in order to place the tower H together with the rotor W on the foundation F fixed at the bottom of the water area (for example, at the sea bottom), as well as their mutual co-operation. The assembly ballast 25 rests at the bottom of the water area and is attached to the ballast 9 with ropes 26. It constitutes a counterbalance for any additional load during the assembly process, which occur when the tower together with the rotor are in a horizontal position. On the bottom side of the assembly ballast 25, there are sharp edges 27, which dig into the bottom of the water area and prevent it from moving during the time when the wind turbine is lifted to its working position. In the initial stage of assembly ofthe wind turbine, the sleeve is set on the top of the foundation F. At this time, the rotor W rests on a floating platform 28.
While the rope H is being wound on the reel L2, the tower H rotates. When the tower H attains a vertical position, the free end ofthe main beam 7 is finally joined with the ballast 9 by means of the coupling \0 and with that the assembly ofthe wind motor is finished.
Fig.7 presents a wind turbine in which two towers H are attached to the sleeve . Each of these towers H is equipped with a rotor W. The rotors W are joined with a connecting beam 29. Like in the previous examples of execution, the towers have at the bottom bearings 3, which are mounted on the pins 4 attached to the sleeve 1, which, in turn, rest on the common foundation F.
Fig.8 presents the solution where the sleeve 1, along with the part of the tower H which is attached to it and a part of the main beam 7, is under the water. This solution allows to assembly the wind turbine in a water area where the water is very deep, for example 15-30 m deep. Moreover, bending moments acting on the foundation which are caused by the pressure of the wind X on the rotor are relatively small. For example, for a wind power plant of 20 MW output, a foundation in the form of a single steel pole having the diameter of 3.5 m is sufficient.
Fig.9 presents the wind turbine, in particular serving for electric power generation, which has a rotor W placed on the horizontal end of a tower HI, which tower is equipped with a sleeve . The tower H is fixed to the sleeve via bearings 3, which are mounted on the pins 4 attached to the sleeve 1. The main beam 7 has a free end suspended at the top part ofthe tower H on a rope 8 and has ballast 9 fixed underneath. The main beam 7 is connected with the tower HI via an auxiliary beam 13. The auxiliary beam L3 is compressed during calm weather and light wind. During medium wind and fresh gales, the load coming from the pressure ofthe wind X on the rotor W is taken over by the rope 8.
The electric power is transmitted from the generator 24 through a cable, which passes through the tower H , the sleeve 1, and the foundation F into the ground, whereby the generator 24 is placed under the rotor W and attached to the tower HL
The solution according to invention is also distinguished by the fact that the tower HI is fixed to the sleeve along from one fourth to three fourths ofthe tower's HI height and has a bumper 3_1 fixed on its bottom, which bumper 3 _ touches the rotary sleeve 32 fixed on the foundation F. If the wind speed exceeds the rated speed, the tower H , along with its rotor W and the ballast 9, tilts around the pins 4 fixed on the sleeve .
Due to this solution, when the wind speed is higher than the rated speed, the ballast 9 rises to the height necessary in order to obtain a balance of forces. Then, the blades of the rotor W act on a smaller surface, perpendicular to the wind direction, causing the wind motor to maintain permanent, maximum output at the wind speed higher than the rated speed and prevents damaging of the rotor W in case of fresh gales.
If the wind speed falls below the rated speed in cycles, the potential energy of the ballast 9, which has been previously taken over from the excess energy ofthe wind, is partially returned as usable energy generated in the rotor W, because the current lower relative speed of the wind blowing at the rotor is increased by the speed of the rotor's W going back. The power transmission from the rotor W to the generator 33 is realised with one of known solutions. Such solutions include a double bevel gear, chain transmission, and geared belt or wedge belt transmission. Fig.10 presents the solution where on the horizontal end of the tower HI, to which a rope 8 is attached, is placed generator 24, fixed to the tower in such a manner that the immovable rotor (34) of the generator 24 is fixed centrally on the tower HI , and to the stator 35 of this generator is attached the rotor's W hub 19.
In this solution, the rotation of the rotor W is the same as the rotation of the generator 24. The generator itself works in a reversed arrangement, which means that its rotor 34 is immovable and permanently fixed to the tower HI, while the generator's stator 35 is rotated by the blades 23 of the rotor W. A cable from the rotor 34 ofthe generator 24 transmits the electric power.
In the wind turbine according to the invention, the main elements thereof are less exposed to the loads caused by the pressure of the wind X, as compared to the loads appearing in currently applied solutions, and are compressed or stretched rather than bent. Moreover, the directions of said loads point in one direction, irrespective ofthe direction ofthe wind X.
It is recommended to apply in the construction of large output wind turbines the first solution, where the ballast 9 does not emerge from the water or rises, in case of a wind turbine fitted for the construction on land.
It is recommended to assembly a wind turbine designed to be mounted offshore in a shipyard and place it on a floating platform in a horizontal position.
In application according to the invention, the wind turbine is towed, as one whole, to the place of assembly, then, even if it is very large, it is easy to position on the foundation without any hoisting cranes.
The above-mentioned easiness of the assembly of the wind turbine according to the invention allows building large wind power plants in the water areas where the water depth is up to 30 m. For example, the diameter of such a plant's rotor may be 150 m, and its tower may be 100 m high. The output of such a power plant equipped with one rotor is 10 MW, with the wind's rated speed 13.2 m/s; the output of said power plant with two rotors is 20 MW.
As regards wind turbines of small output, it is recommended to build them in accordance with the solution whereby the ballast 9 rises when the wind is strong. The tower of such a wind turbine may be placed near the wall of the building. In this case the tower will be lighter, and cables shorter.

Claims

Patent Claims
1. The wind turbine, in particular serving for electric power generation, the rotor of which is placed on a tower equipped with a sleeve mounted so that it may rotate via bearing on the foundation fixed in the ground, characterised in, that the tower (H) is fixed to the sleeve (1) via bearings (3) mounted on the pins (4) attached to the sleeve (1), where the tower (H) is rigidly connected by an auxiliary beam (13) with the main beam (7) at the angle of 50° to 120°, the other, free end of which is suspended at the top part of the tower (H) on a rope (8), and has ballast (9) fixed underneath with a coupling (10) and to the main beam's (7) bottom is fastened the end of the rope (11) wound on a reel (12) attached to the ballast (9) to which the tower's (H) rotary mechanism (M) is attached.
2. The turbine according to claim 1, characterised in, that the rotary mechanism (M) includes a propeller (14) attached to the ballast (9).
3. The turbine according to claim 1, characterised in, that the ballast (9) is connected via ropes (26) with the assembly ballast (25) placed at the bottom of the water area, which assembly ballast has sharp edges (27) on its bottom side.
4. The turbine according to claim 1, characterised in, that the rotary mechanism (M) includes a wheel (15), having a horizontal axis of rotation, attached to the ballast (9), which wheel rests on a rail-track (16) laid on the ground and is connected via coupling (17) with an electric motor (18).
5. The turbine according to claim 1, characterised in, that the rotor (W) has a hub (19) to which brackets (20), joined by strings (21) with catches (22) located on the rotor's (W) blades (23), are attached.
6. The turbine according to claim 1, characterised in, that the sleeve (1) is connected with two towers (H), each equipped with a rotor (W), which are connected with each other by a connecting beam (29).
7. The turbine according to claim 1, characterised in, that the sleeve (1), along with the tower's (H) part attached to it and a part of the main beam (7), is located under the water surface.
8. The turbine according to claim 1, characterised in, that on the horizontal end of the tower (HI), to which a rope (8) is attached, is placed the rotor (W), and generator (24), is placed under the rotor (W) and is fixed to the tower (HI).
9. The turbine according to claim 8, characterised in, that the tower (HI) is fixed to the sleeve (1) along from lA to % of the tower's (HI) height and has a bumper (31) fixed on its bottom, which bumper (31) touches the rotary sleeve (32) fixed on the foundation (F).
10. The turbine according to claim 8 characterised in, that the immovable rotor (34) of the generator (24) is fixed centrally on the tower (HI), and to the stator (35) of this generator is attached the rotor's (W) hub (19).
EP02702996A 2001-05-25 2002-03-05 Wind turbine Withdrawn EP1399675A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL34773301A PL347733A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2001-05-25 Windmotor
PL34773301U 2001-05-25
PL34918101A PL349181A1 (en) 2001-08-17 2001-08-17 Wind motor
PL34918101U 2001-08-17
PCT/PL2002/000019 WO2002095223A1 (en) 2001-05-25 2002-03-05 Wind turbine

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EP1399675A1 true EP1399675A1 (en) 2004-03-24

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WO (1) WO2002095223A1 (en)

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