CN114576091A

CN114576091A - Floating yaw type typhoon-resistant wind power generation device and typhoon defense method

Info

Publication number: CN114576091A
Application number: CN202210229408.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张长增
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-03-09
Filing date: 2022-03-09
Publication date: 2022-06-03

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-cost floating yaw type typhoon-resistant wind power generation device and a typhoon-resistant method, provides a structural configuration and a control strategy for improving typhoon-resistant capability and reducing typhoon, utilizes the characteristic that a floating system can freely rotate on a water body without a bearing and a track, omits a set of expensive yaw bearing and control system of a traditional fan, and the self-adaptive directional stress state can further optimize the structural cost of the tower and the transmission chain, and the blades of the wind wheel can be laid down and folded together under the typhoon condition, and all the blades are pointed along the wind under the typhoon condition by combining the control of the yaw system and the downwind blowing action of the wind power, so that the overturning moment of the wind power device is balanced, therefore, the typhoon disaster resistance is greatly improved, and the safe operation capability of the large-scale fan within the 30-year service life is guaranteed.

Description

Floating yaw type typhoon-resistant wind power generation device and typhoon defense method

Technical Field

The invention discloses a wind power generation technology, belongs to the field of clean energy wind power generation, and also belongs to the field of machine manufacturing.

Particularly, the invention relates to a high-cost-performance marine floating yaw type wind power generation device with strong typhoon resistance, which improves the operational reliability of a fan and simultaneously realizes the reduction of electricity and low cost.

Background

Improving the earth atmospheric environment, reducing greenhouse gas emission, advocating the use of wind and solar energy and limiting the use of fossil energy are the mainstream of contemporary energy technology.

Wind power generation has experienced a fast developing gold period into the 21 st century, with stand-alone capacities ranging from 1MW to 10MW in the last two decades, and also from land into deep sea continental racks. Basically, the maximum 3MW level of the onshore fan is seen from the top, but in an offshore wind farm, the 3MW fan is just started into a gate-level device. Since the restrictive constraints of offshore wind turbines are reduced, very large capacity levels, such as 20MW, can be achieved, and there is no indication of capping at present. However, the fans operating on the sea and the coast are bound to face the living environment in typhoon weather, and the fans in the typhoon weather are also guaranteed to be safe and careless.

However, the offshore and intertidal wind turbine can only be a fixed pile model. And then enters a deep water area of the open sea, and the technology of the floating wind power generation device is produced at the same time. However, floating wind power generation apparatuses have been still in recent years. And is still in the stage of exploratory testing. Other construction and operational control strategies have not made substantial progress beyond the use of floating solutions for wind turbine foundations. For example, the wind wheel is still a three-blade structure, the yaw bearing is still on the top of the wind turbine, the steel tower barrel and the like. In the aspect of typhoon resistance, the fan can still exert no function except stopping and feathering. Typhoon-disastrous weather, however, is becoming more and more frequent. Fighting typhoons is the greatest risk for safe operation of offshore wind farms.

In addition, although the offshore wind resources are abundant, the manufacturing and installation costs of the wind turbine are high, and the exploitation and utilization of offshore wind power are also hindered.

In the offshore floating type wind turbine in the prior art, the floating foundation still depends on anchor chains in various directions to stabilize and fix the wind turbine, and the pile foundation is very large and expensive.

The invention aims to create a low-cost high-power-generation offshore floating type wind power generation device capable of powerfully resisting typhoon.

Disclosure of Invention

The terms:

a fan: wind power plant, also called wind power plant, the fan non-blower mentioned herein

Upwind type fan: wind turbine with wind wheel in front of wind tower and capable of cruising in windward direction with reference to coming direction

Downwind type fan: wind turbine with wind wheel cruising in windward direction behind wind tower according to incoming direction

In order to realize a marine floating type wind power generation device (namely a fan) which can powerfully resist typhoon, has high efficiency, long service life and low electric cost, the wind frequency characteristics of marine environment and sea wind need to be fully researched, the floating capacity of a water body is ingeniously utilized, the characteristics of the predictable forecast and the definite duration time and the specific wind direction of the typhoon are utilized, and the structure optimization of the fan is started to construct the offshore fan with the optimal cost performance; the gravity center is reduced, and the equipment is light in weight, so that the stability and the safety of the equipment are improved; the improvement of the solidity of the wind wheel blades is an effective way for reducing the degree of the large-diameter fan and reducing the cost, and the deformation of the impeller and the reduction of the windward side can obviously reduce the typhoon load, so that the design of the fan is light.

Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a floating wind power generation device is characterized in that a horizontal shaft wind wheel device comprises a floating pile foundation, an anchor chain system, a tower cylinder, a cabin and a wind wheel, and further comprises a pitch-variable servo control system, a yaw servo control system, a mechanical transmission system, a power generation system and the like, wherein the floating pile foundation 1 of the power generation device floats on a water body, is fixed with the tower cylinder 2 in the Z direction (namely the gravity direction) and is fixed with a yaw mechanism 3 in an XY plane (horizontal plane), the yaw mechanism 3 is positioned at the water body position at the lower end of the tower cylinder 2, the yaw mechanism 3 can be in a floating state, a semi-submersible structure or a submersible structure, and when the yaw mechanism 3 is omitted, a fan can also self-adaptively yaw by means of wind force. The upper end of the anchor chain 5 is connected with the floating pile foundation 1, and the lower end of the anchor chain 5 is connected with the seabed anchor point 6; the engine room 7 and the tower barrel 2 of the generating set are fixedly connected, and a yaw bearing which is special for a traditional wind driven generator with more than MW level is not provided; the wind wheel connecting main shaft is provided with an X-axis rotary support in the cabin; under the combined driving of the wind power and the yaw mechanism 3 or the combined driving of the wind power and the yaw mechanism and the combined action of the reaction force of the water body, the whole floating type wind power generation device is pushed to rotate (rotate) around the central shaft of the wind tower, and the whole wind power generation device can rotate around the seabed anchor point 6 or the anchor chain 5, so that the windward cruising is realized, and the yaw operation of the wind power generation device is realized.

Because the floating pile foundation can float in the water environment, the yaw of the whole fan can be realized by utilizing the wind power or the yaw power in the water to push. This provides an opportunity to dispense with the yaw mechanism of a conventional fan mounted on the top of the tower. In fact, is also feasible. The top of the tower barrel is fixedly connected with the cabin. Therefore, the tower barrel deflects along with the course of the wind wheel during yawing, and the wind tower has the advantages that the bearing direction of the wind tower is constant, and the foundation is laid for the cost-reducing optimization design of the wind tower structure.

The floating pile foundation 1 should be an annular float easy to swing and yaw, when the yaw mechanism is installed, the driving point of the yaw mechanism 3 is located at the outer edge of the annular float, so that the maximum torque can be obtained, the driving body of the yaw mechanism 3 can be a water turbine or a water pump propeller, for example, a plurality of nozzles or water wheels, such as 4, can be arranged at the outer edge of the annular float, and the propelling force of the nozzles or the water wheels is along the direction of the circular tangent line of the annular float. The annular floater has the advantage that the wind tower is supported to be more stable and not easy to fall down. Of course, the float is not limited to a ring float, but may be an oval, triangular or other polygonal structure. The directional loading of the fan also determines that the ability of the floating body to balance and resist the wind turbine's collapse is not balanced in all directions, so the floating body need not be circular in nature.

Incidentally, the yaw mechanism 3 is not necessarily present, and the wind turbine can autonomously cruise under the action of wind without being driven by the yaw mechanism 3, so that the floating pile foundation 1 does not need to be an annular floater which can easily rotate around the tower to yaw. The addition of a yaw mechanism 3 can improve the control flexibility of the fan. However, for the upwind type fan, the configuration of the yaw mechanism 3 is more beneficial to the state adjustment, and the most important is the useful transition process from the normal cruising state to the typhoon protection state.

In actual engineering, the floating pile foundation and the yaw mechanism may be an integrated fusion design, so that it is difficult to specifically show the actual form and position architecture relationship in the drawings. For convenience of description and understanding, the invention borrows the special case of the circular floating pile foundation.

The connection between the anchor chain 5 and the floating pile foundation 1 is detailed. Here, the technical problem involved in laying out a power transmission cable is also implied. Of course, the usual logic would envisage that the cable and the anchor chain 5 are routed together. This is true as well. A hinged bearing structure capable of realizing rotation of the fan at a connection point is needed, and a group of electric slip ring channels are arranged to solve the problem of cable twisting. The ideal location for the hinges and slip rings should be at the connection of the anchor chain 5 and the floating pile foundation 1, i.e. at the hinge connection point 4.

When the whole wind turbine is in yaw, the wind turbine generator can dynamically adjust the yaw around the center of the tower drum, and the whole wind turbine generator can rotate around the seabed anchor point 6 when in yaw, so that the synthesis of rotation and revolution is substantial. When the anchor line 5 and the anchor point 6 are non-hinged, it is also equivalent to rotation about the anchor line. Therefore, the length of the anchor chain should be equal to the depth of the water at the berth, and the transition lengthening is not suitable. The force for pushing the fan to yaw comes from the power combination of wind power and a yaw mechanism and is finally balanced with the drag force and the buoyancy of the anchor chain.

In addition, the preferred placement position of the hinged connection point exists, and the geometrical description is that the plane formed by the revolving shaft of the wind wheel and the central axis of the wind tower is an XZ plane, the plane is intersected with the horizontal ring surface of the bottom floating pile foundation to obtain an intersection line, the intersection line is intersected with the central line of the wind tower at a point M, the intersection line is intersected with the ring surface of the floating pile foundation at two points AB, wherein the point A is on the same side as the central line of the wind tower with the wind wheel, and the point B is on the opposite side of the point A. According to the difference of models, for the upwind type fan, the hinged joint point is located in the MA section, and for the downwind type fan, the hinged joint point is located in the MB section. Therefore, the point M is more suitable for more models, but if the hinge joint 4 is at the point M, the lodging resistance of the fan is not the maximum, but the hinge joint 4 is best and most stable at the point a or B. The dynamic adjusting point of the hinge connecting point 4 moving on the AB line segment can be designed, so that the buoyancy and the moment balance of wind power can be adjusted more flexibly. For the upwind type fan, yaw control and typhoon defense are complex, and the optimal typhoon-resistant strategy is that the hinge connection point 4 is at the point A in a normal wind state, the upwind direction cruises to generate electricity, the hinge connection point 4 slides to the point B in a typhoon state, and the downwind direction is feathered. Of course, depending on the specific circumstances of the load and torque and the fan precession effect, the true hinge connection point may be offset some distance from the line AB.

In fact, under normal operating load conditions, the rotor is subjected to a wind force approximately symmetrical to the centre line of the wind tower, so that the substantially adaptive cruise conditions, in particular downwind turbines, are more easily adaptive cruise, substantially without dynamic yawing. Moreover, due to the existence of the dragging acting force of the anchor chain, the buoyancy balance of the floating body compartment is not required to be adjusted by using a water pump in the existing floating type fan technology, and the adjusting speed is low and a large amount of electric power is consumed.

It can thus also be seen that the above described wind turbine differs from the yaw mode of a conventional wind turbine. The biggest difference is that although the traditional offshore wind turbine is also in floating operation, the floating body part of the wind turbine cannot be bound to rotate by the anchor chain system, but the anchor chain of the invention needs to enable the wind turbine to rotate around the seabed anchor point 6 (or around the anchor chain 5). At the articulated point of this swivel, i.e. the hinged joint 4, electrical slip rings are provided, through which the transmission cables and control cables can pass from the seabed, i.e. the hinged joint 4, into the tower.

Of course, if the buoyancy moment needs to be adjusted, a hollow compartment can be designed in the annular floater, and the buoyancy of each part can be determined through water inlet and water discharge.

The method is to really resist the super strong typhoon, such as 17-grade typhoon, like a big tree, the resistance of the tree root is limited in the typhoon, and the further folding of the tree crown can effectively reduce the windward side, thereby reducing the bending destructive power of the wind power. Therefore, the wind wheel 8 is provided with a hydraulic drive link mechanism 13 for opening and closing the blades 9 of the wind wheel 8, the wind wheel 8 puts the blades down and gathers the blades together under the control of the hydraulic drive link mechanism 13 under the typhoon condition of the wind power generation device, and all the blades 9 are in the downwind direction under the typhoon environment by combining the control of the yaw system and the blowing and smoothing action of wind power.

The typhoon-resistant strategy can be suitable for the types running in the upwind direction or the downwind direction. But for the windward type, the change process from the normal operation of the fan to the typhoon protection state is more complex, and the most important operation is that the windward direction of the fan runs in a yawing way in a normal wind state, the hinge connection point 4 is at the point A, the hinge connection point 4 slides to the point B in the typhoon condition, the downwind direction is feathered, and even all further blades 9 are in a downwind direction in the typhoon environment.

The wind wheel for realizing the opening and closing of the blades of the wind wheel has the constitutive relation that a hydraulic drive connecting rod mechanism is arranged at the hub of the wind wheel, wherein the configuration relation is that the blades are connected with the hub through hinges, one end of the hydraulic drive connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the blade roots of the blades, the other end of the hydraulic drive connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the hub, the blade roots of the blades, the hub and the hydraulic drive connecting rod mechanism form a variable triangular relation, and the hydraulic drive connecting rod mechanism is used as a side with variable length of a triangle.

Of course, if the wind power generation device does not have a wind wheel furling mechanism, the only way for the fan to resist typhoon is to brake, stop rotating, stand up and feather. Specifically, after braking, the blades on the wind wheel are fully feathered to reduce the windward side to the minimum state, and the blades below the wind wheel keep a moderately large windward resistance, so that a reverse thrust moment is generated to balance the wind force and the buoyancy moment of the fan and avoid the fan from overturning.

The analysis shows that the design of the yawing mode is most suitable for the downwind type fan, the downwind type fan has obvious self-adaptive operation advantage, when the wind speed exceeds a certain limit, the wind wheel starts to be folded to reduce the wind sweeping area, the stress surface is reduced, the upper limit value of the wind speed of the cut-out operation of the fan can be improved, and when the wind speed is higher than the typhoon level, the blades completely level down and downwind, so that the blades of the fan smoothly transit from the vertical state to the level down state, and the yawing mode is very safe and reliable.

Although the center of gravity of the wind wheel is far from the tower axis in a completely flat downwind condition of the blades, the blowing effect of typhoons on the blades completely resists the tilting moment. Moreover, under the typhoon condition, the blade is completely flat, so that the bending moment born by the root of the blade until the blade handle is greatly reduced, and on the whole, compared with the existing vertical hard-resistance fan with the blade, the typhoon-resistant technical scheme of the folded blade is higher in typhoon-resistant capability, and safer in operation for the fan arranged offshore or near-shore on the sea.

For the water floating type fan, the stability of the fan is improved, the whole weight of the fan is reduced, the gravity center of the fan is reduced, and the stability can be improved. Therefore, the tower of the wind turbine, at least the upper half of the tower, may be made of fiber reinforced resin composite material, and the blade shank section of the blade may also be made of fiber reinforced resin composite material. Therefore, the integral gravity center can be greatly reduced, and the anti-overturning capability is improved.

Further, in cooperation with the fan, especially a downwind fan, since the hinge joint 4 is located near the point B, when the fan is in yaw operation and is under force in a typhoon state, the whole fan can rotate around the anchor point 6 in a self-adaptive manner, so that the direction of the bending moment borne by the wind tower when the fan bears wind force is fixed, and therefore, the wind tower can be optimally designed and converted into a tower form, such as a prismatic structure, especially a triangular prism structure, which is equivalent to a tower with 3 legs, wherein two front support legs far away from the point B bear compressive stress all the time, cheap materials with good compressive strength, such as concrete, can be used for manufacturing, and in consideration of the problem of compression stability, the relative diameters of the two legs are large, and a rear support leg near the point B bears very small compressive stress, even completely tensile stress, high specific tensile strength materials, such as fiber reinforced resin composite materials, can be used for manufacturing, there is not the compression stability problem, and the leg post is so thin relatively, and when the fan focus was in two foreleg outsides, this back-push was even extremely enough to be a cable. Compared with the traditional steel tubular tower barrel 2, the tower (equivalent to the tower barrel) structure can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost and the weight, and simultaneously reduce the gravity center of a fan, so that the volume, the weight and the cost of the floating pile foundation 1 can be reduced. Therefore, the cost leverage effect is obvious.

Other variations of the above-described tower forms are possible, based on the principles described, such as a triangular prism configuration for the lower section and a cylindrical configuration for the upper section; or a quadrangular structure similar to a high-pressure wire frame empty tower as a whole. And so on.

Based on that the direction of the bending moment borne by the wind tower is fixed when the wind turbine bears wind power, the wind tower can be further designed by optimally designing and converting the wind tower into a tower (or tower barrel) form and additionally arranging one or more stay cables. The tower mainly bears the force of gravity and wind resistance decomposed in the vertical direction, and the stay cables bear the action of bending moment generated by wind power.

Furthermore, how hard to erect an offshore wind turbine is, in order to improve the efficiency and investment benefits of the wind turbine, the capacity of a single wind turbine is rapidly expanded, so that a wind wheel with a larger diameter is used, and a larger wind sweeping area is realized. At the same time, the limitation of the upper limit of the blade tip speed is limited, and for a wind wheel with the diameter of more than 100m, the rotating speed of the wind wheel is reduced along with the increase of the diameter, so that the solidity of the blade turbine is obviously insufficient, a large amount of wind leaks in a popular way, and the generated energy can be obviously improved by adopting a 4-blade wind wheel technology. In addition, in the central area of the wind wheel of the large-scale fan, the wind sweeping area is relatively smaller than that of the whole wind wheel, and the wind catching and power generating capacity is very limited under the condition of low-speed rotation, so that the wind wheel is not used, the blade at the section is evolved into a blade handle, and the blade handle can be a straight cylinder structure and does not need to be in an aerodynamic shape. By configuring such a blade shank, the manufacturing cost of the blade can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, the pitch mechanism 10 is located between the blade shank 11 and the blade 9, i.e. away from the hub 12, preferably at 1/3-1/5 rotor sweep radius, the shank length corresponding to the 1/3-1/5 rotor radius.

Therefore, the lightweight variable-pitch bearing can be used, and certain cost can be saved. For example, based on increasing the number of blades from 3 to 4, the power boost limit is 30%, while introducing the petiole results in a blade with a reduction in the swept area of about 9%. The two are in conflict, which means that the power output is increased by 21% in total, and the cost-efficiency ratio is very considerable because the total cost is increased by about 5% by adding one blade and the pitch mechanism.

Description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings

FIG. 1 is an example of a structure and installation form of a normally operating downwind type floating yaw type wind power generation apparatus

FIG. 2 is an example of a normal operation upper wind direction type floating yaw type wind power generation apparatus structure and installation form

FIG. 3 is a view showing the protective state of the closed blade in typhoon-blade flat blowing

FIG. 4 is a typhoon defense state diagram of a non-blade furled fan in a typhoon environment with upright blades facing the wind and feathering

FIG. 5 is an example of a three-legged tower structure and installation form of a normally operating downwind, floating cruise wind power plant

FIG. 6 is an example of a normal operating downwind floating cruise wind turbine tower + guy cable configuration and installation

In the figure, 1-floating pile foundation, 2-tower, 3-yaw mechanism, 4-hinged joint, 5-anchor chain, 6-seabed anchor point, 7-engine room, 8-wind wheel, 9-blade, 10-variable pitch mechanism, 11-blade handle, 12-hub, 13-hydraulic drive link mechanism, 2A-tower A column, 2B-tower B column, 2C-tower C column and 2R-inclined stay cable. And an OXYZ-right hand rule rectangular coordinate system, wherein the X-direction of the rotating shaft of the wind wheel, the Y-direction perpendicular to the XZ direction, the Z-direction of the central axis of the wind tower (the direction opposite to the gravity), one of the A-candidate hinge connection points, two of the B-candidate hinge connection points and the middle point of the M-AB line segment.

Detailed Description

The system of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the invention.

In the example of fig. 1-5, for ease of illustration, a coordinate system definition is given in the figures, the xyz-rectangular coordinate system, where X-the direction of the rotor axis (the direction of windward cruise), Y-is perpendicular to the XZ direction, Z-the direction of the central axis of the wind tower. In the figure, the wind wheel 8 comprises a wind-catching mechanism consisting of blades, pitch bearings, blade shanks (if any), hubs and axles, and a hydraulic furling mechanism (if any).

In fig. 1, the structure and installation of a downwind floating wind power plant in normal operation is illustrated.

Wind power generation set is from making progress down and is connected 5 lower extremes of anchor chain by seabed anchor point 6 in proper order, and 5 upper ends of anchor chain pass through hinged joint 4 and connect 1 chassis of showy formula pile foundation, and 2 lower extremes of showy formula pile foundation 1 fixed connection tower section of thick bamboo, the fixed connection cabin 7 in 2 upper ends of tower section of thick bamboo, and cabin 7 is supported through the main shaft gyration and is connected wind wheel 8, and driftage mechanism 3 installs in the outer fringe of showy formula pile foundation 1. The whole device floats in the water body and operates to generate electricity by cruising in the windward direction.

The embodiment shows a 4-blade wind wheel mechanism, the wind wheel comprises a hydraulic drive connecting rod mechanism 13 and a longer blade handle 11, and the wind wheel can be opened and closed like an umbrella under the drive control of the hydraulic drive connecting rod mechanism 13 and resists typhoon like a big tree.

In this downwind floating cruise wind turbine generator, the hinge joint 4 is fixed to the position of B. No matter in the normal operation power generation state of the wind wheel or the rotation locking state of the wind wheel in a typhoon environment, the fan can be adaptive to cruise and/or powered cruise, and the balance of force and moment can be realized without overturning of the fan under the combined action of four forces of gravity, buoyancy, wind power and anchor chain drag force.

This fan configuration, in fact, relies mainly on the adaptive cruise of the wind, if necessary assisted by the dynamic cruise of the yaw mechanism 4, or it is understood that the adaptive cruise of the wind is slowly compliant, while the dynamic cruise is fast in response. In order to facilitate the rotation of the equipment and the stability of the wind turbine, the floating pile foundation 1 is designed into a generally annular structure. According to the change of the wind direction, the equipment can rotate around the anchor point 6 when in self-adaptive cruise.

Incidentally, the simplest and most practical anchor chain structure is shown in the figure, and in practice, various variations of the anchor chain structure are possible, but all have the essential feature of ensuring that the fan can rotate about the anchor point 6 (or anchor chain 5). Even if the anchor point 6 on the soft-based seabed is a variant of a multi-point anchor, it is essentially equivalent to one point in terms of rotational control with respect to the yaw operation of the wind turbine.

In shallow sea areas the anchor points 6 and anchor chains 5 may also be reduced to a fixed sea pile. The whole fan borne by the floating body of the floating pile foundation 1 can rotate around the sea pile. Also adaptive yaw operation. Therefore, the floating pile foundation 1 of the power generation device floats on a water body, the upper surface of the floating pile foundation is fixedly connected with the wind tower in the Z direction (namely the gravity direction), and the lower surface of the floating pile foundation is connected with the seabed through the hinge connection point 4 to realize the positioning of the fan; a connecting section is arranged between the hinge connecting point 4 and the seabed, and the connecting section can be an anchor chain 5 connected with an anchor point 6 fixed on the seabed or a sea pile with the lower end embedded in the seabed and the upper end exposed out of the water surface; the yaw operation mode of the wind power generation device is realized by that the whole wind power generation device comprising the floating type pile foundation 1 freely rotates around a seabed fixed point through a hinge connection point 4 under the driving of wind power, the driving force of a yaw mechanism 3 or the combined acting force of the wind power and the yaw mechanism, so that the windward cruising is realized.

In a typhoon environment, the downwind type fan is in a state that the blades of the wind wheel shown in fig. 3 are folded, and is in an adaptive yaw state blown by the downwind, which is also the most stable floating state and is the best choice for typhoon defense. Of course, it is also possible to withstand a general typhoon (e.g. below 12 th class) in the feathered upright position of the rotor blades shown in fig. 4.

The operation control and anti-typhoon control of the fan are also the simplest. The blades are controlled to be laid down and folded for protection in the self-adaptive yaw control in the normal state until the blades are transited to the typhoon state, the state change process is smooth and simple, and the risk of overturning of the fan is avoided.

In the face of general typhoon, the wind resistance, downwind direction, feathering and braking can be realized in the state as shown in figure 4.

Of course, the fan in fig. 1 is simplified, the hydraulic drive link mechanism 13 in the wind wheel is eliminated, the fan can also normally operate, and the fan also has quite strong typhoon resistance. In addition, adaptive cruise operation and anti-typhoon operation are also possible without the yaw mechanism 3. The fan which can not fold the blades can only resist, downwind, feather and brake in the state as shown in figure 4 when facing typhoon.

Obviously, the downwind type fan has the advantages of being high in cost performance, low in electricity consumption, low in cost, high in operation and maintenance cost and more reliable in operation.

In fig. 2, the structure and installation form of the normally operating upwind type floating cruise wind power generation device are illustrated. The device is different from the device shown in figure 1, and is mainly different from the device in that the wind wheel is arranged in front of the tower in the incoming direction, and the hinged joint 4 at the bottom of the wind wheel is positioned at a dynamic adjusting point which moves on the line AB, so that the buoyancy and the moment balance of wind power can be adjusted more flexibly. For the upwind type fan, the operation control strategy is that the hinge connection point 4 in the normal wind state is at the point A, and under the typhoon condition, the following three anti-typhoon defense schemes are provided:

A) the first is that: the hinge joint 4 is still at the point A, and the wind wheel still moves upwards to face the wind and is braked by feathering (resisting general typhoon).

B) Secondly, the following steps: the hinge connection point 4 is firstly transited from the point A to the point M, and the wind wheel rotates to the downwind direction to face the wind and then is braked by feathering. During the transition process from upwind to downwind, the user needs to yaw and rotate while changing the pitch, the change can be only arranged in advance in a low wind speed state before the typhoon is fallen, otherwise, the user is easy to overturn, and finally the hinge connection point 4 is transited from the point M to the point B after the yaw rotation is completed, so that the typhoon with medium intensity can be resisted. The state illustrated in fig. 4 is equivalent to the downwind fan state.

C) Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: on the basis of the scheme B, the wind wheel is driven by a hydraulic drive link mechanism 13, the wind wheel draws in the blades like an umbrella, and the blades blow down along the wind to resist the super-strong typhoon.

For the upwind type fan, the scheme C is most stable and has the strongest typhoon resistance.

In fig. 5, a normal operating downwind floating cruise wind power plant triangular prism (three legs) tower structure and installation is shown. The wind power generation tower is based on a downwind type fan, and the hinge connection point 4 is located at the point B, so that when the fan is in yawing operation and is stressed in a typhoon state, the whole fan can rotate around the anchor point 6 in a self-adaptive mode, and the direction of bending moment borne by the tower is fixed when the fan bears wind power. Therefore, the tower (corresponding to the tower 2 in the form of a single column) supporting the nacelle and the impeller is modified to be designed in a triangular prism (three-legged) tower structure in which two legged tower a-columns 2A and a tower B-column 2B, which are far from the point B, may be made of reinforced concrete, and the other tower C-column 2C may be made of a fiber reinforced resin composite material, which can greatly reduce the center of gravity, weight, and cost of the overall wind turbine as compared to the conventional steel tubular tower 2.

In the example structure of fig. 6, the wind tower is simplified into a tower barrel, and two stay cables are arranged, so that sufficient stability and bearing capacity under directional stress can be obtained. The orientation of the stay cable is described, and the impeller and the stay cable are respectively positioned at two sides of the wind tower, or at the opposite sides of the direction. Such a tower construction is the simplest and the lightest. To further reduce the turbulent influence of the wind tower on the wind, the wind tower 2 may also be in the form of a tower like an electric tower, the tower having a maximum wind permeability.

Above, the fan wind wheel all carries out anti-typhoon protection in the downwind position, floats with the help of wind-force and water and can self-adaptation driftage, if there is the method of drawing in the blades in addition, has promoted anti typhoon ability greatly.

In all the above embodiments, a 4-blade rotor architecture is given, as well as a rotor architecture with long blades. The configuration is particularly suitable for ultra-large fans, such as fans above 5MW, and can reduce the cost and improve the power generation capacity.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating yaw type typhoon-resistant wind power generation device comprises a floating pile foundation, an anchor chain system, a tower barrel, a cabin, a wind wheel, a pitch control system, a yaw control system, a mechanical transmission system, a power generation system and the like, and is characterized in that the floating pile foundation 1 of the power generation device floats on a water body, the upper surface of the floating pile foundation is fixedly connected with a wind tower in the Z direction (namely the gravity direction), and the lower surface of the floating pile foundation is connected with a seabed through a hinge connection point 4 to realize the positioning of the wind wheel; a connecting section is arranged between the hinge connecting point 4 and the seabed, and the connecting section can be an anchor chain 5 connected with an anchor point 6 fixed on the seabed or a sea pile with the lower end embedded in the seabed and the upper end exposed out of the water surface; the yaw operation mode of the wind power generation device is realized by that the whole wind power generation device comprising the floating type pile foundation 1 freely rotates around a seabed fixed point through a hinge connection point 4 under the driving of wind power, the driving force of a yaw mechanism 3 or the combined acting force of the wind power and the yaw mechanism, so that the windward cruising is realized.

2. The wind power plant of claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the anchor chain 5 is hinged to the chassis of the floating pile foundation 1 through a hinge connection point 4, for the upwind type model, a dynamic adjustment connection scheme that the hinge connection point 4 can move on the AB line section is preferably adopted, and for the downwind type model, a connection scheme that the hinge connection point 4 is fixed at a position close to the B end on the AB line section is preferably adopted.

3. The wind power plant of claim 1, wherein: the wind wheel 8 is provided with a hydraulic drive link mechanism 13 for realizing the opening and closing of the blades 9 of the wind wheel; in a normal power generation state, the wind wheel 8 erects and unfolds the blades under the control of the hydraulic drive link mechanism 13, and the blades rotate against the wind under the control of a yaw system and the control of variable pitch; under the condition of typhoon, the blades of the wind wheel 8 are laid down and folded together under the control of the hydraulic drive link mechanism 13, and all the blades 9 are pointed along with the wind under the typhoon environment by combining the control of a yaw system and the blowing and smoothing action of wind power.

4. The wind power plant of claim 1, wherein: the tower 2, particularly the upper half part of the tower, and the blade handle 11 part of the wind wheel 8 are light structures made of fiber reinforced resin composite materials, and compared with an all-steel structure, the whole wind power generation device is light in weight and low in center of gravity.

5. The wind power plant of claim 1, wherein: especially a downwind type fan, the hinge joint 4 is positioned near the point B, the wind tower is optimally designed and transformed into a tower form, wherein the supporting legs far away from the point B are thick and strong and are made of materials with good compressive strength, and the supporting legs near the point B are thin and small and are made of materials with good tensile strength.

6. The wind power generation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: particularly, the hinge connection point 4 of the downwind type fan is located near the point B, the wind tower is optimally designed and converted into a structural form of a tower barrel (or a tower frame) + at least one stay cable, and the wind tower can be directionally loaded in the self-adaptive yaw running state of the fan.

7. The wind power plant of claim 1, wherein: the high-voltage cable of the power generation device passes through the floating pile foundation 1 through the hinge joint 4 and enters the wind tower.

8. The wind power plant of claim 1, wherein: the data transmission of the control system of the power generation device adopts a wireless communication mode.

9. A method for resisting typhoon based on the floating yaw type typhoon-resistant wind power generation device is characterized in that in a typhoon environment, a wind wheel of a fan is protected from wind at a downwind position.

10. A method of resisting typhoon according to claim 9, characterized in that the wind wheel 8 is in the downwind direction, the blades are laid down and folded together under the control of the hydraulically driven link mechanism 13, and all the blades 9 are in the downwind direction under the typhoon environment in combination with the control of the yaw system and the blowing-in-the-wind action of the wind force.