CN114576096A

CN114576096A - Floating type anti-typhoon wind power equipment with yaw and direct-current power generation

Info

Publication number: CN114576096A
Application number: CN202210229410.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张长增
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-03-09
Filing date: 2022-03-09
Publication date: 2022-06-03

Abstract

A floating type anti-typhoon wind power equipment with yaw and direct current power generation. The invention discloses a wind power generation device capable of resisting super strong typhoon and reducing power generation cost, which adopts direct current generator technology and floating type self-adaptive yaw, and adopts a directional stress operation mode to simplify a tower structure into a mode of adding a guy cable on a tower column.

Description

Floating type anti-typhoon wind power equipment with yaw and direct-current power generation

Technical Field

The invention discloses floating type anti-typhoon wind power equipment for yaw and direct current power generation, belongs to the field of clean energy wind power generation and also belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing.

Particularly, the utility model relates to a high price/performance ratio marine floating yaw type direct current wind power generation device with strong typhoon resistance, which improves the operational reliability of the fan and simultaneously realizes the low cost of electricity reduction.

Background

Improving the earth's atmospheric environment, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, advocating the use of wind and solar energy and limiting the use of fossil energy is the mainstream of contemporary energy technology.

Wind power generation has experienced a fast developing gold period into the 21 st century, with stand-alone capacities ranging from 1MW to 10MW in the last two decades, and also from land into deep sea continental racks. Basically, the maximum 3MW level of the onshore fan is seen from the top, but in an offshore wind farm, the 3MW fan is just started into a gate-level device. Due to the reduced restrictive constraints of offshore wind turbines, very large capacity levels, such as 20MW, can be achieved, and there is no indication of capping at present. However, the fans operating on the sea and the coast are bound to face the living environment in typhoon weather, and the fans in the typhoon weather are also guaranteed to be safe and careless.

However, the offshore and intertidal wind turbine can only be a fixed pile model. And then enters a deep water area of the open sea, and the technology of the floating wind power generation device is produced at the same time. However, floating wind power generation apparatuses have been still in recent years. And is still in the stage of exploratory testing. Other construction and operational control strategies have not made substantial progress beyond the use of floating solutions for wind turbine foundations. For example, the impeller is still in a three-blade structure, the yaw bearing is still on the top of the fan, the steel tower, the generator is always a three-phase motor with very complex control, and the like. In the aspect of typhoon resistance, the fan can still exert no function except stopping and feathering. Typhoon-disastrous weather, however, is becoming more and more frequent. Fighting typhoons is the biggest risk for safe operation of offshore wind farms.

In addition, although the offshore wind resources are abundant, the manufacturing and installation costs of the wind turbine are high, and the exploitation and utilization of offshore wind power are also hindered.

In the offshore floating type wind turbine in the prior art, the floating foundation of the offshore floating type wind turbine still depends on anchor chains in various directions to stabilize and fix the wind turbine, and the pile foundation is very large and expensive.

The invention aims to create a low-cost high-power-generation-capacity offshore floating type wind power generation device capable of powerfully resisting typhoon.

Disclosure of Invention

The terms:

a fan: wind power plant, also called wind power plant, the fan non-blower mentioned herein

Upwind type fan: fan with impeller in front of wind tower and running in windward cruising mode according to incoming direction

Downwind type fan: fan with impeller cruising in windward behind wind tower according to incoming direction

A blade: component with aerodynamic profile for converting wind energy into mechanical energy

Leaf stalks: the tubular structural member without aerodynamic appearance plays a role in connecting and supporting.

In order to realize a marine floating type wind power generation device (namely a fan) which can powerfully resist typhoon, has high efficiency, long service life and low electric cost, the wind frequency characteristics of marine environment and sea wind need to be fully researched, the floating capacity of a water body is ingeniously utilized, the characteristics of predictable forecast, exact duration and specific wind direction of the typhoon are utilized, and the structure optimization of the fan starts to construct the offshore fan with optimal cost performance; the gravity center is reduced, and the equipment is light and is also an important way for improving the stability and safety of the equipment; the improvement of the solidity of the impeller blades is an effective way for reducing the degree of the large-diameter fan and reducing the cost, and the deformation of the impeller and the reduction of the windward side can obviously reduce the typhoon load, so that the fan is designed to be light.

Thus, the present invention proposes the following innovative ideas:

the fan is a direct-current generator set, and unnecessary three-phase synchronous power generation control technology is avoided;

the fan adopts a semi-direct-drive technical scheme;

the fan utilizes the floating characteristic to self-adapt yaw and resist typhoon.

Therefore, the anti-typhoon wind power equipment with floating yaw and direct-current power generation is provided, and comprises a generator set 1, an impeller 2, a speed-increasing transmission mechanism 3, a rack 4, a tower 5, a floating foundation 6, an anchoring system 7 and a control system; the structure relationship of the wind power generation device is that an impeller 2 is connected with a speed-increasing transmission mechanism 3, the speed-increasing transmission mechanism 3 is connected with a generator set 1, the generator set 1 is connected and fixed to a rack 4, the impeller 2 is connected and fixed to the rack 4 through a main shaft, the rack 4 is fixedly connected with a tower frame 5, the tower frame 5 is fixedly connected with a floating foundation 6, and the floating foundation 6 is hinged with an anchoring system 7; the generator set 1 is a direct current power generation system; the wind power equipment frame 4 and the tower frame 5 are fixedly connected without a yaw bearing, the floating foundation 6 and the anchoring system 7 are non-fixedly connected with each other, a rotary hinge point 9 is arranged, and the whole fan can rotate around the anchoring system 7 to perform self-adaptive yaw under the action of wind power.

Further, the generator set 1 is a generator with single-phase high-frequency high-voltage rectified by a full-bridge rectifier to form direct-current pulsating output. For example, the frequency of 1k-50kHz and the direct current output of 10kV are adopted. Therefore, the comprehensive cost of power generation and transformation can be reduced.

Furthermore, because the direct current loop is used for power transmission, the sea water can be completely used as a ground wire, so that the submarine cable between the wind power equipment generator set 1 and the central hub station is only a single-core high-voltage cable, such as a 10kV single-core high-voltage cable. The rectifier bridge is arranged on the generator so that the motor and the accumulator used in the nacelle can be taken from this high-voltage cable. The twisting of the cable is also relatively easy to solve by pivoting the hinge point 9 when only one cable is present.

After the technical requirement of synchronous grid connection of three-phase alternating current is avoided, the problem of direct current convergence of the whole wind power plant is simple. Therefore, the control system is mainly focused on fan motion control, with less power control.

Further, under the action of wind power, the floating fan is easy to self-adaptively yaw and operate in a downwind direction.

Further, the anchoring system 7 may be a flexible anchor chain system anchored to the seabed, or a rigid sea pile buried in the seabed. In fact, in shallow sea, it is possible to use a marine pile, in deep sea, suitable for flexible anchor chain systems.

Further, the impeller 2 comprises blades 21, a rotary variable-pitch mechanism 22, a blade handle 23, a hub 24, a hydraulic flapping variable-pitch mechanism 25, a main shaft 26 and the like, wherein the blade 21 is connected with the rotary variable-pitch mechanism 22, the rotary variable-pitch mechanism 22 is connected with the blade handle 23, the blade handle 23 is connected with the hub 24, the hub 24 is connected with the main shaft 26, one end of the hydraulic flapping variable-pitch mechanism 25 is connected with the hub 24, the other end of the hydraulic flapping variable-pitch mechanism is connected with the blade handle 23, the attack angle of the blades facing the wind is adjusted under the rotation action of the rotary variable-pitch mechanism 22, and the blades are opened and closed like an umbrella to flap the blades under the telescopic action of the hydraulic flapping variable-pitch mechanism 25; wherein the length of the petiole is 1/5-1/3 of the radius of the impeller. For example, the radius of the impeller is 100m, the length of the blade handle is 40m, and the blades are 60m, so that the generating capacity is not obviously influenced, the problem of segmented transportation is solved, and the cost of the impeller is greatly reduced.

Further, the impeller may be a 3-blade impeller or a 4-blade impeller, and for fans above 5MW, a 4-blade impeller is recommended.

Furthermore, when the semi-direct-drive running of the fan is realized, the speed-increasing transmission mechanism is an open speed-increasing transmission mechanism which is a dial-type rolling meshed transmission mechanism without a box body, and the speed-increasing transmission ratio is in the range of 5-50; the meshing relationship is similar to the rolling meshing relationship of the chain wheel and the chain roller, and the chain roller is equivalent to a wear-resistant bearing. Due to the open structure, the maintenance and repair of the field replacement parts are very convenient. The wind and sand are not generated in the marine environment, and the rolling engagement by adopting open type transmission is very reasonable.

Furthermore, the tower is a structure formed by a tower column stressed directionally and two stay cables, the included angle between the two stay cables is within the range of 20-90 degrees, and the stay cables and the impellers are respectively arranged at two sides of the tower column, namely arranged in opposite phase; the tower column can be a tower barrel or a truss structure formed by splicing section steels. Of course, some auxiliary guy cables may be added as required. This does not affect the structural characteristics of the strut + cable of this patent.

Further, under the typhoon environment, the impeller is protected from wind at the downwind position, state conversion is carried out before typhoon comes, and the running state turntable is in a wind defense state. The method is that under the telescopic action of the hydraulic flapping variable-pitch mechanism 25, the blades are opened and closed like an umbrella to flap variable-pitch, and all the blades 21 are in the downwind direction in the typhoon environment by combining the blowing and smoothing action of wind power.

In order to stabilize the fan running in the downwind direction, the rotary hinge point 9 must be far away from the tower column as far as possible, and thus the fan is easier to self-adaptively yaw under the action of wind power.

Description of the figures and examples:

FIG. 1 shows a floating yaw and DC power generation anti-typhoon wind power plant with a typical configuration

Fig. 2 is a typhoon defense state diagram of a floating yaw and dc power generation typhoon-resistant wind power plant of a typical configuration structure.

In the figure, 1-a generator set, 2-an impeller, 3-a speed-increasing transmission mechanism, 4-a rack, 5-a tower, 6-a floating foundation and 7-an anchoring system; 21-blade, 22-rotary variable-pitch mechanism, 23-blade handle, 24-hub, 25-hydraulic swing variable-pitch mechanism, 26 main shaft, 51-tower column, 52-stay cable and OXYZ-right hand rule rectangular coordinate system, wherein, X-impeller rotary shaft direction, Y-is vertical to XZ direction, Z-wind tower central axis direction (gravity reverse direction)

In the figure, the generator set 1 and the speed-increasing gear 3 are intentionally drawn outside the nacelle cover, and are actually inside the nacelle cover, and are fixed to the frame.

In fig. 1, the wind power plant has the structural relationship from top to bottom in the following order that an impeller 2 is connected with a speed-increasing transmission mechanism 3, the speed-increasing transmission mechanism 3 is connected with a generator set 1, the generator set 1 is connected with a frame 4, the impeller 2 is connected with the frame 4 through a main shaft, the frame 4 is connected with a tower frame 5, the tower frame 5 is connected with a floating foundation 6, and the floating foundation 6 is connected with an anchoring system 7; the generator set 1 is a direct current power generation system; the wind power equipment frame 4 and the tower frame 5 are fixedly connected without a yaw bearing, the floating foundation 6 and the anchoring system 7 are non-fixedly connected with each other, a rotary hinge point 9 is arranged, and the whole fan can rotate around the anchoring system 7 to perform self-adaptive yaw under the action of wind power. Further, the structural relation of the impeller is that the blade 21 is connected with a rotary variable-pitch mechanism 22, the rotary variable-pitch mechanism 22 is connected with a blade handle 23, the blade handle 23 is connected with a hub 24, the hub 24 is connected with a main shaft 26, one end of the hydraulic wave variable-pitch mechanism 25 is connected with the hub 24, the other end of the hydraulic wave variable-pitch mechanism is connected with the blade handle 23, the attack angle of the blade facing the wind is adjusted under the rotary action of the rotary variable-pitch mechanism 22, and the blades are opened and closed like an umbrella to wave variable pitches under the telescopic action of the hydraulic wave variable-pitch mechanism 25. A 4-blade large wind power plant is illustrated.

FIG. 1 shows that under normal wind conditions, the fan can perform adaptive cruise (yaw), 4 blades are unfolded towards the wind, and the impeller rotates to generate electricity.

In the schematic view of fig. 2, under the typhoon environment, under the telescopic action of the hydraulic flap pitch-variable mechanism 25, the blade is laid flat from the vertical state and points to the downwind direction, so that the force is the minimum, the typhoon resistance is the strongest, and the defense strength can reach 17-grade typhoon.

The windward state of the blades is different between the extreme typhoon state and the normal operation state, so that the stress of the fan is not even large when the fan cuts out the wind speed in the typhoon state. This means that the ultimate loads of offshore wind turbines are considerably reduced, which makes room for a slimming optimization of the blade design and the wind turbine design.

The impeller of the fan is protected against typhoon at the downwind position, can drift in a self-adaptive manner by means of wind power and water floating, and is combined with a blade folding method, so that the typhoon resistance of the fan is greatly improved. The 4-blade structure of the large fan can improve the solidity of the impeller and increase the power generation efficiency. The control of the operation of the dc generator is much simpler. The low voltage ride through capability is enhanced.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating type yaw and direct current power generation typhoon-resistant wind power equipment is characterized in that the wind power equipment comprises a generator set 1, an impeller 2, a speed-increasing transmission mechanism 3, a rack 4, a tower frame 5, a floating type foundation 6, an anchoring system 7 and a control system; the structure relationship of the wind power generation device is that an impeller 2 is connected with a speed-increasing transmission mechanism 3, the speed-increasing transmission mechanism 3 is connected with a generator set 1, the generator set 1 is connected and fixed to a rack 4, the impeller 2 is connected and fixed to the rack 4 through a main shaft, the rack 4 is fixedly connected with a tower frame 5, the tower frame 5 is fixedly connected with a floating foundation 6, and the floating foundation 6 is hinged with an anchoring system 7; the generator set 1 is a direct current power generation system; the wind power equipment frame 4 and the tower frame 5 are fixedly connected without a yaw bearing, the floating foundation 6 and the anchoring system 7 are non-fixedly connected with each other, a rotary hinge point 9 is arranged, and the whole fan can rotate around the anchoring system 7 to perform self-adaptive yaw under the action of wind power.

2. The wind power equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the generator set 1 is a generator with single-phase high-frequency high-voltage output after full-bridge rectification.

3. The wind power plant according to claim 1, wherein the submarine cable between the wind power plant generator set 1 and the central hub station is only a single-core high-voltage cable.

4. The wind power plant of claim 1, wherein the wind turbine is operated in a floating, adaptive yaw, downwind direction under the influence of wind.

5. Wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchoring system 7 is a flexible anchor chain or a rigid sea pile.

6. The wind power equipment according to claim 1, wherein the impeller 2 comprises a blade 21, a rotary variable pitch mechanism 22, a blade shank 23, a hub 24, a hydraulic swing variable pitch mechanism 25, a main shaft 26, and the like, wherein the blade 21 is connected with the rotary variable pitch mechanism 22, the rotary variable pitch mechanism 22 is connected with the blade shank 23, the blade shank 23 is connected with the hub 24, the hub 24 is connected with the main shaft 26, one end of the hydraulic swing variable pitch mechanism 25 is connected with the hub 24, the other end of the hydraulic swing variable pitch mechanism 25 is connected with the blade shank 23, under the rotation action of the rotary variable pitch mechanism 22, the attack angle of the blade facing the wind is adjusted, and under the telescopic action of the hydraulic swing variable pitch mechanism 25, the blade is opened and closed like an umbrella to swing variable pitch; wherein the length of the blade handle is 1/5-1/3 of the radius of the impeller.

7. Wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the impeller is a 4-blade impeller.

8. The wind power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step-up transmission is an open step-up transmission, which is a dial-type rolling engagement transmission without a box enclosure, and the step-up transmission ratio is in the range of 5-50.

9. The wind power plant according to claim 1, wherein the pylon is a structure of a strut and a stay cable, in particular a structure of a directionally stressed pylon and two stay cables, and an included angle between the two stay cables is in a range of 20 ° to 90 °.

10. The wind power equipment according to claim 1, wherein in a typhoon environment, the impeller is wind-proof at a downwind position, under the telescopic action of the hydraulic flapping pitch mechanism 25, the blades are opened and closed like an umbrella to flap and pitch, and in combination with the blowing and straightening action of wind power, all the blades 21 are oriented downwind in the typhoon environment.