EP1392520A1 - Diffraktives sicherheitselement - Google Patents
Diffraktives sicherheitselementInfo
- Publication number
- EP1392520A1 EP1392520A1 EP02745339A EP02745339A EP1392520A1 EP 1392520 A1 EP1392520 A1 EP 1392520A1 EP 02745339 A EP02745339 A EP 02745339A EP 02745339 A EP02745339 A EP 02745339A EP 1392520 A1 EP1392520 A1 EP 1392520A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mosaic
- lines
- relief structures
- security element
- color
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
- G03G21/04—Preventing copies being made of an original
- G03G21/043—Preventing copies being made of an original by using an original which is not reproducible or only reproducible with a different appearence, e.g. originals with a photochromic layer or a colour background
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/14—Layer or component removable to expose adhesive
- Y10T428/1486—Ornamental, decorative, pattern, or indicia
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
- Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
- Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
- Y10T428/24868—Translucent outer layer
- Y10T428/24876—Intermediate layer contains particulate material [e.g., pigment, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24893—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material
- Y10T428/24901—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material including coloring matter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24917—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including metal layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249967—Inorganic matrix in void-containing component
- Y10T428/24997—Of metal-containing material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the invention relates to a diffractive security element according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such diffractive security elements are used to authenticate the authenticity of a document and are characterized by an optically variable pattern that changes in a striking manner for the observer by rotating or tilting.
- Diffractive security elements of this type are known from many sources; EP 0 105 099 B1, EP 0 330 738 B1, EP 0 375 833 B1 are mentioned here as representative. They are characterized by the brilliance of the patterns and the movement effect in the pattern, are embedded in a thin laminate made of plastic and are attached in the form of a brand to documents such as banknotes, securities, ID cards, passports, visas, identity cards, etc. Materials which can be used to produce the security elements are compiled in EP 0 201 323 B1.
- Modern color copiers and scanner devices are able to duplicate such a document apparently true to color.
- the diffractive security elements are also copied, with the brilliance and the The movement effect is lost, so that the pattern that is visible in the original from a single predetermined viewing angle is imaged with the printing inks of the color copier.
- Such copies of documents can be mistaken for the original in poor light or inattentiveness.
- the human eye recognizes a color contrast in the case of colored partial areas arranged next to one another if the wavelengths of the spectral colors in the partial areas differ by less than ten nanometers (nm). In the area of 470 nm to 640 nm in particular, an observer still notices differences of 1 nm to 2 nm (WD Wright & FHG Pitt “Hue discrimination in normal clour vision", Proc. Physical Society (London) Vol. 46, p. 459 ( 1934)).
- Such colored security paper is known from EP 0 281 350 B1, which has a repetitive, for example plaid, pattern of two colors A and B as the background, the information being printed with a further color S on the background pattern.
- the spectral reflectivities of the colors A, B and S are selected so that the color copier can recognize and reproduce a contrast between A and S in areas with the color A, but not between B and S in areas with the color B. Therefore, only the parts of area A are visible on the copy of the information.
- US 5,338,066 indicates two methods of distinguishing a color original produced by printing from its color copy. One method detects chemical components of the printing ink and the other method is based on the different dynamic ranges in the image processing of the color copier compared with the image processing of the human eye.
- the colors of the background and the information in their spectral reflectivity have a modulation of ⁇ 5%, the background color having the maximum in the green spectral range of visible light and the color for the information each having a maximum in the blue and red spectral range.
- the spectral reflectivities of both complementary colors have the same value averaged over the visible spectral range and together form the color white. While the eye can easily see the purple information against the green background, the color copier only registers a white to slightly gray area.
- the invention has for its object to provide an inexpensive diffractive security element that has information that cannot be reproduced by a color copier.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a relief structure
- FIG. 2 shows a surface pattern
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a scanning device of a color copier
- FIG. 4 shows a color diagram
- Figure 5 shows a diffraction plane
- a security element 2 with a surface pattern 3 glued onto a document 1 is shown in cross section.
- the documents 1 primarily refer to ID cards, banknotes, visas, securities, admission tickets, etc., which serve as a substrate for the security element 2 and whose authenticity is certified by the security element 2 glued on.
- the microscopically fine, mechanically or holographically produced, optically active structures 4 of the surface pattern 3 are embedded in a layer composite made of plastic.
- the layer composite consists of a crystal-clear, transparent cover layer 5, through which the surface pattern 3 can be visually recognized from predetermined directions of observation.
- a lacquer layer 6 is arranged under the top layer 5, into which the microscopically fine structure 4 is molded.
- the structure 4 is only symbolically drawn as a simple rectangular structure and stands for a mosaic of the surface pattern 3 from the optically effective structures 4 of surface elements.
- the structure 4 is provided with a protective lacquer layer 7 covers that furrows of the structures 4 are filled by the protective lacquer layer 7 and the structure 4 is embedded between the lacquer layer 6 and the protective lacquer layer 7.
- An adhesive layer 8 is arranged between the document 1 and the protective lacquer layer 7 in order to firmly connect the security element 2 to the document 1.
- the layers 5 and 6 or 7 and 8 can be made of the same material in other versions, so that an interface between the layers 5 and 6 or 7 and 8 is omitted.
- the structure 4 defines an interface 9 between the layers 6 and 7.
- the optical effectiveness of the interface 9 increases with the difference in the refractive indices of the materials in the two adjacent layers, the lacquer layer 6 and the protective lacquer layer 7.
- structure 4 is coated with a thin, metallic or dielectric reflection layer compared to the depths of the furrows before the protective lacquer layer 7 is applied.
- Other versions of the security element 2 and the materials that can be used for the transparent or non-transparent security elements 2 are described in the aforementioned EP 0 201 323 B1.
- the structure 4 shown in FIG. 1 is only symbolically drawn as a simple rectangular structure and stands for general, optically effective structures 4, such as light-diffractive relief structures, light-scattering relief structures or mirror surfaces.
- Known light diffractive relief structures are linear or circular diffraction gratings and holograms. Matt structures also fall under the light-scattering relief structures.
- FIG. 2 shows the security element 2 attached to the document 1 with a writing plate 10.
- the writing tablet 10 is part of a diffractive surface pattern 3.
- the writing tablet 10 has at least two abutting mosaic surfaces 11, 12.
- the mosaic surfaces 11, 12 form a pattern with a background surface 12 and partial surfaces 11.
- the surfaces of the background surface 11 and the partial surfaces 12 are covered with diffraction structures.
- Surface elements 13 supplement the surface pattern 3. Individual band-shaped surface elements 13 can also extend over the writing plate 10.
- the writing plate 10 has an inscription "TEXT".
- the inscription consists of the partial areas 11 which are arranged within at least one background area 12. Incident white light is diffracted at the diffraction structures in such a way that both the background surface 12 and the partial surfaces 11 appear in predetermined colors to an observer under predetermined viewing conditions and the partial surfaces 11 stand out against the background surface 12 by a color contrast.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through a scanning device of a color copier.
- a glass plate 14 serves as a support for the document 1 to be copied with the security element 2 glued on (FIG. 1).
- the document 1 contacts the glass plate 14 with its surface to be copied.
- a white light source 15 illuminates a narrow strip 16 on the glass plate 14, the strip 16 in this illustration extending in the direction y perpendicular to the drawing plane of FIG. 3 and therefore in the drawing is only visible as a point.
- a direction x is directed parallel to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 3 and to the surface of the glass plate 14.
- An illuminating beam 17 from the white light source 15 is refracted through the glass plate 14 so that the illuminating beam 17 is incident on the surface of the document 1 and the diffraction structure at an angle of approximately 30 ° and an area 18 of the document 1 parallel to the strip 16 illuminates.
- region 18 the light is reflected diffracted by the diffraction structure and is scattered or reflected on the surface of document 1.
- Part of the diffracted, reflected or scattered light penetrates the glass plate 14 again and is sent back into the half space above the glass plate 14. Only light rays 19 penetrating the glass plate 14 vertically reach a light receiver 20 directly or via a deflecting mirror as deflected light rays 21.
- the white light source 15 and the light receiver 20 are arranged on a carriage 24 which can be displaced in the direction x on rails 25 for optical scanning of the document 1.
- the white light source 15, the deflection mirror, the light receiver 20 and the carriage 24 extend parallel to the strip 16 linearly in the y direction.
- Light receiver 20 for guiding the light beams 19, 21 between the area 18 and the light receiver 20.
- the area 18 moves step by step over the document 1 in such a way that the color copier captures a strip-shaped image of the document 1 or the security element 2 after the other.
- the entire substrate 10 is optically scanned step by step.
- FIG. 4 A color diagram is shown in FIG. 4 (from "Optical Document Security", van Renesse, Editor, ISDN number 0-89006-982-4, page 135). Locations of spectrally pure colors form the outer tongue-like border 26. The three-digit numbers along the border 26 indicate the wavelength of the light
- the straight connecting line 27 between 380 nm and .770 nm is the location of the purple colors. All mixed colors are in the color area 28 within the boundary 26 and the connecting line 27.
- the polygon 29 in the color area 28 includes the area of color reproduction of high-quality color printing machines and the inner, polygonal, hatched color value area 30 with the white point 31 is reproduced by color copiers. If the colors of the document 1 are printed with the color printing machine, the color values lie within the polygon 29.
- the color copier with the color value range 30 restricts the colors reproduced in the copy of the document 1, since they are all assigned to the color value range 30.
- the color point 35 lies on the line 34, which connects the location of the color value and the white point 31.
- FIG. 2 With its microscopically fine, mechanically or holographically produced, optically effective structures 4 (FIG. 1), the writing plate 10 shown produces almost spectrally pure colors for the observer when illuminated with white light (daylight), based on the edges 26 (Fig.4). When the writing plate 10 is copied, light with an almost spectrally pure color is registered in the light receiver 20 (FIG.
- the color copier reproduces the writing board 10 with the color values from the color value range 30 available to it.
- the surface pattern 3 (FIG. 2) is reproduced under the scanning and lighting conditions in the color copier in the pattern registered for the light receiver 20 with the colors from the color value range 30 in the color copy. The reproduction of the surface pattern 3 in the color copy therefore also depends on the scanning direction.
- the spatial frequencies fa and f ⁇ are selected for the background surface 12 and for the partial surfaces 11 such that the eye of the observer sees a color contrast between the background surface 12 and the partial surfaces 11 and can distinguish the partial surfaces 11 from the background surface 12. Therefore, the observer recognizes in the original of the security element 2 the information shown with the partial areas 11. If the spatial frequencies f H and r are closely adjacent, the color copier reproduces both the background area 12 and the partial areas 11 in the same color value. The background area 12 and the partial areas 11 are thus indistinguishable in the copy.
- the information represented with the partial areas 11 are alphanumeric characters, as shown in FIG. 2, and / or graphic patterns or characters.
- FIG. 5 shows the lighting and observation conditions in the color copier.
- the security element 2 with the optically effective structure 4 lies in the xy plane of the document 1. If the structure 4 is a plane in the xy plane Mirror surface, the illuminating beam 17 incident obliquely at an angle - ⁇ is reflected as a second beam 22 at the angle + ⁇ to the normal 32.
- the color copier therefore registers the flat mirror surface as a black surface.
- the illuminating beam 17, second beam 22 and the normal 32 define a diffraction plane 33.
- the optically active structure 4 e.g. is a linear diffraction grating 40 (FIG. 6)
- the light beam 19 diffracted into the negative kth order of diffraction (FIG. 3) only falls into the light receiver 20 (FIG. 3) if the light beam 19 is diffracted parallel to the normal 32.
- the spatial frequencies f or fa and fr are therefore in accordance with the equation
- the diffracted light beam 19 has the wavelength ⁇ in the kth diffraction order.
- Spatial frequencies f between 350 lines / mm to 550 lines / mm, so that the diffracted light reaches the light receiver 20.
- the range limits are determined by the optics, the geometry and the color sensitivity of the light receiver 20.
- two mosaic surfaces 11 and 12 meet with the spatial frequencies f ⁇ and fr to each other, the modulation of the spatial frequencies f ⁇ and f ⁇ being shifted by a phase angle, for example in the range from 90 ° to 180 °, along the common boundary of the two mosaic surfaces 11 and 12.
- the grating vectors of the diffraction gratings in the background area 12 (FIG. 2) and in the partial areas 11 (FIG. 2) are therefore arranged essentially parallel, so that the diffraction gratings in the background area 12 and in the partial areas 11, in contrast to the other surface pattern 3 (FIG 2) are scanned optically under essentially the same conditions.
- the grating vector has an azimuth ⁇ to the diffraction plane 33.
- the effective spatial frequency f decreases with increasing azimuth ⁇ , so that the distance from
- Diffraction grating in the direction of the normal 32 produces spectral color both in the background area 12 and in the partial areas 11, the difference in the wavelengths of the diffracted light beams 19 from the background area 12 and from the partial areas 11 hardly changing, and the color copier does not change the slight color differences reproduces.
- the light receiver 20 As soon as no more visible diffracted light beams 19 reach the light receiver 20, the light receiver 20 only receives scattered light; regardless of its spatial frequency f, the diffraction grating looks like a dark matt structure and is reproduced by the color copier in a shade of gray.
- the reproduction of the document 1 (FIG. 2) with the security element 2 with the diffraction-optical surface pattern 3 depends on the orientation of the surface pattern 3 on the glass plate 18 (FIG. 3), the writing plate 10 always is reproduced in one color, so that the information contained in the partial areas 11 is not recognizable.
- the spatial frequencies for the diffraction gratings of the background surface 12 and the partial surfaces 11 are advantageously selected such that when the surface pattern 3 is scanned with the white illuminating beam 17 (FIG. 3), light with the wavelength ⁇ in the range from 615 nm to 700 nm into the light receiver 25 (Fig. 3) arrives.
- the human eye distinguishes a wavelength difference of at least 2 nm.
- the difference of 8 nm creates a clear color contrast, so that the information is clearly recognizable.
- the color copier is unable to reproduce this color difference in the copy.
- the diffraction gratings In order to reduce the dependency of the reproduction of the writing plate 10 (FIG. 2) in the color copy on the scanning direction, the diffraction gratings have the
- the diffraction gratings have square or hexagonal surface pieces 36 with a largest dimension h of less than 0.3 mm.
- the surface pieces 36 are of the same shape and size and fill the Background area 11 and the partial areas 12 completely.
- the mosaic surfaces 11, 12 are composed of the surface pieces 36 with the character of pixels.
- the shapes of the diffraction gratings which fill the surface sections 36 are circular diffraction gratings 37, linear cross gratings 38, hexagonal diffraction gratings 39.
- circular furrows are arranged concentrically in the surface section 36 with the spatial frequency f.
- the linear cross grating 38 has two or more crossed linear diffraction gratings, preferably with the same spatial frequency f.
- the furrows In the hexagonal diffraction grating 39, the furrows have a hexagonal shape and are arranged concentrically in the surface piece 36, advantageously of hexagonal shape, with the spatial frequency f.
- groups of linear diffraction gratings 40 with grating vectors regularly distributed in the azimuth can be used; this grouping of the linear diffraction gratings 40 is a generalization of the hexagonal diffraction grating 39.
- the linear diffraction gratings 40 which were considered in the description of FIGS. 1 to 5, are also advantageous.
Landscapes
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
- Mechanical Pencils And Projecting And Retracting Systems Therefor, And Multi-System Writing Instruments (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10127981 | 2001-06-08 | ||
DE10127981A DE10127981C1 (de) | 2001-06-08 | 2001-06-08 | Diffraktives Sicherheitselement |
PCT/EP2002/005984 WO2002100653A1 (de) | 2001-06-08 | 2002-05-31 | Diffraktives sicherheitselement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1392520A1 true EP1392520A1 (de) | 2004-03-03 |
EP1392520B1 EP1392520B1 (de) | 2005-07-20 |
Family
ID=7687718
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20020745339 Expired - Lifetime EP1392520B1 (de) | 2001-06-08 | 2002-05-31 | Diffraktives sicherheitselement |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7144617B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1392520B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4384487B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE299803T1 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ302060B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10127981C1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2246014T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL199079B1 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1392520E (de) |
TW (1) | TW577833B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002100653A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10312708B4 (de) * | 2003-03-21 | 2007-06-28 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Retroreflektor |
DE10328759B4 (de) | 2003-06-25 | 2006-11-30 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Optisches Sicherheitselement und System zur Visualisierung von versteckten Informationen |
GB0417422D0 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2004-09-08 | Suisse Electronique Microtech | Security device |
GB0426724D0 (en) * | 2004-12-06 | 2005-01-12 | Rue De Int Ltd | Improved hologram |
US8703265B2 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2014-04-22 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Container seal with removal tab and piercable holographic security seal |
US9624008B2 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2017-04-18 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Container seal with removal tab and security ring seal |
US8522990B2 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2013-09-03 | Selig Sealing Products, Inc. | Container seal with removal tab and holographic security ring seal |
JP5347233B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-03 | 2013-11-20 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 回折画像表示体及びラベル付き物品 |
JP2008275740A (ja) * | 2007-04-26 | 2008-11-13 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 表示体及び積層体 |
BRPI0815325A2 (pt) | 2007-08-24 | 2019-09-24 | Selig Sealing Products Inc | substrato de cobertura capaz de ser aglutinado a um aro de um recipiente, método de cobrir higienicamente uma porção de topo de um recipiente e recipiente coberto higienicamente |
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2002
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- 2002-05-31 US US10/476,994 patent/US7144617B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-31 DE DE50203685T patent/DE50203685D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-31 PL PL365799A patent/PL199079B1/pl unknown
- 2002-05-31 ES ES02745339T patent/ES2246014T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-31 TW TW91111626A patent/TW577833B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-31 JP JP2003503449A patent/JP4384487B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-31 AT AT02745339T patent/ATE299803T1/de active
- 2002-05-31 WO PCT/EP2002/005984 patent/WO2002100653A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2002-05-31 EP EP20020745339 patent/EP1392520B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-31 CZ CZ20033305A patent/CZ302060B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
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EP1392520B1 (de) | 2005-07-20 |
CZ20033305A3 (cs) | 2004-04-14 |
US20040135365A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 |
PL199079B1 (pl) | 2008-08-29 |
ATE299803T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
JP4384487B2 (ja) | 2009-12-16 |
DE50203685D1 (de) | 2005-08-25 |
WO2002100653A1 (de) | 2002-12-19 |
DE10127981C1 (de) | 2003-01-16 |
CZ302060B6 (cs) | 2010-09-22 |
PT1392520E (pt) | 2005-11-30 |
PL365799A1 (en) | 2005-01-10 |
TW577833B (en) | 2004-03-01 |
JP2004528213A (ja) | 2004-09-16 |
US7144617B2 (en) | 2006-12-05 |
ES2246014T3 (es) | 2006-02-01 |
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