EP1382751B1 - Verfahren zur Verdichtung eines Baugrundes - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Verdichtung eines Baugrundes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1382751B1
EP1382751B1 EP03254513A EP03254513A EP1382751B1 EP 1382751 B1 EP1382751 B1 EP 1382751B1 EP 03254513 A EP03254513 A EP 03254513A EP 03254513 A EP03254513 A EP 03254513A EP 1382751 B1 EP1382751 B1 EP 1382751B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ground
lance
additional material
cavity
depression
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03254513A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1382751A1 (de
Inventor
Roger Alfred Bullivant
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Roxbury Ltd
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Roxbury Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0216701A external-priority patent/GB0216701D0/en
Application filed by Roxbury Ltd filed Critical Roxbury Ltd
Publication of EP1382751A1 publication Critical patent/EP1382751A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1382751B1 publication Critical patent/EP1382751B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/36—Coherent pavings made in situ by subjecting soil to stabilisation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/04—Foundations produced by soil stabilisation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
    • E02D3/054—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil involving penetration of the soil, e.g. vibroflotation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/08—Improving by compacting by inserting stones or lost bodies, e.g. compaction piles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ground improvement, particularly, but not exclusively, prior to building.
  • Document GB-A-2286613 describes a method of ground improvement which comprises forcing one or more mandrels into the ground to be improved by applying vibratory force having at least a generally vertical component of movement to the mandrel 10 until it reaches predetermined depths thereafter removing the mandrel from the hole or holes which it has formed in the ground, filling the hole or holes with particulate material and, optionally, reintroducing the mandrel into the hole to compact and outwardly displace the particulate material prior to filling the hole again with further particulate material.
  • Document GB-A-2366819 describes a pillar formed by creating a vertical hole in the ground, and filling this with particulate material such as stone. A void is created at the top of the pillar by dropping a device onto the pillar. The void is filled with concrete.
  • the present invention provides a method of ground improvement, in which a lance member is repeatedly vibrated into the ground at substantially the same position, to leave on each occasion an elongate cavity as the lance member is removed, and in which additional material is introduced into the cavities so formed, characterised in that the additional material is formed by mixing at least soil and a ground amelioration material, and in that the process is repeated until heave is detected in the ground around the said position.
  • ground amelioration material refers to a material which consists of, or includes, a binder capable of increasing cohesion in material such as soil.
  • the binder may be a settable material such as a cementitious material.
  • the binder is cement.
  • bitumen may be used as a binder.
  • Ground amelioration material may also incorporate additional granular material such as pulverised fuel ash, and hydrophilic material such as quick lime, to assist in controlling pore pressure of the material and of the surrounding ground.
  • the term “ameliorated soil” is used to refer to soil, preferably derived locally, into which ground amelioration material has been mixed.
  • the ground amelioration material may include a cementitious binder such as cement.
  • the additional material may further include quick lime.
  • a depression is formed in the ground, at the said position, the depression being filled with concrete to form a structural member supported by the improved ground.
  • the depression may be formed by vibrating a tapered member into the improved ground.
  • the response of the ground during the formation of the depression is measured to determine the load bearing capacity of the improved ground.
  • the lance member preferably enters the ground substantially vertically.
  • the lance member is at least 2m long, preferably 3m long.
  • the lance may taper at an angle of between 2° and 5°.
  • ground being prepared in accordance with the method of the present invention.
  • the method is primarily intended for bad ground which has low natural load bearing capacity.
  • Bad ground may, for example, include peat.
  • peat It will be understood by the skilled reader that in many practical situations, no clear delineation can be made between good ground and bad ground, there being a continuous spectrum of ground quality. Indeed, the term "marginal ground” is sometimes used to refer to ground which is between good and bad ground. Consequently, the choice of technique to be used will be made in accordance with the quality of the ground in its natural state, the nature of the load imposed by the building to be constructed and other factors.
  • Fig. 1 shows a lance member 14, for use in the method of the invention.
  • the lance 14 is driven into the ground by vibration, to form an elongate cavity 16 ( Fig. 3 ) in the ground 17.
  • the lance 14 is then withdrawn and the cavity 16 is filled with additional material which includes soil mixed with ground amelioration material.
  • This may include a cementitious binder material, such as cement and may also include a hydrophilic material, such as quick lime.
  • the lance 14 has an inverted frusto-conical shape.
  • the lance 14 may have a diameter of about 300mm at its upper end and about 150mm at its lower end 14A, with a length of approximately 3m.
  • the lance 14 is attached to extend down, substantially vertically, from a vibrator arrangement 18 which applies vertical oscillation to the lance 14 during use.
  • the vertical oscillation may have an amplitude of about 25mm and a frequency of 1500 cycles per minute, with a rated impact per blow in excess of 40 tonnes.
  • the cone angle of the lance 14 may be low, such as between 2° and 5°.
  • the lance 14 will be driven into the ground substantially without impact in a horizontal direction between the surface of the lance 14 and the sides of the cavity 16. That is, the main impact with the ground will be at the bottom of the cavity 16 as the lance 14 forces itself deeper into the ground.
  • the lance 14 can be driven, by vibration, to any chosen depth without causing pore pressure problems.
  • the lance 14 is withdrawn. Additional material 19 is then introduced into the cavity.
  • the additional material includes a ground amelioration material, preferably cementitious material such as cement, mixed with soil.
  • the soil is preferably derived locally.
  • the additional material may also include a hydrophilic material, such as quick lime. Stone or other aggregate may also be included. This injection of additional material results in the intermediate situation illustrated in Fig. 2 .
  • quick lime which is highly hydrophilic, causes ground water to be drawn strongly from the surrounding ground 12, causing a significant reduction in local pore pressure. Consequently, the addition of quick lime is particularly preferred in locations at which excessive pore pressure is expected to be a problem.
  • the reduction in pore pressure helps overcome any tendency of fine-grained soils to liquefy during the procedure.
  • the lance 14 is then reintroduced into the ground, at the same position, and vibrated down to cause compaction of the additional material, and possible bulging of the cavity 16, as shown at 38 ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the degree of bulging which occurs will depend on the size of downward compacting forces created by the vibration of the lance 14, and the natural capacity of the surrounding ground 34 to provide lateral containment of the additional material.
  • the lance 14 is repeatedly vibrated in, removed and reintroduced after additional material has been introduced, until the cavity 16 is full of material which has been adequately compacted, with resultant bulging of the cavity.
  • Compaction of the additional material in the cavity 16 is continued until the ground 17 is seen to heave upwardly (indicated at 39) around the position of the cavity 16. This heave indicates that no further additional material can be accommodated in the ground, and no further compaction is possible.
  • the test member 20 is an inverted frusto-conical former, having a minimum diameter approximately the same as the diameter of the cavity 16, and flaring upwardly to a wider diameter at its upper surface.
  • the test member 20 is driven downwardly, as indicated by the arrow 22, by vibration, causing compaction of the additional material, until the member 20 is fully embedded to the position indicated by broken lines 24.
  • the test member 20 is then removed, leaving a cavity which is preferably filled with concrete, or other settable material to form a cap 25 as illustrated in Fig. 5 .
  • the concrete cap 25 forms a structural member to which downward force can be transmitted from a structure, such as a building, to be formed at the surface.
  • the cap 25 is, in tum, supported by the improved ground which has been produced by the repeated use of the lance 14.
  • test member 20 provides a form of dynamic test of the ground at the position of the cavity 16. If the vibration frequency and rated impact per blow applied to the test member 20 are both known, then the time taken for the test member 20 to become embedded to a particular depth is indicative of the load bearing capacity of the ground at that position. Naturally, the final load bearing property of the ground will be greater than the capacity tested in this way, because it will increase as the cementitious material sets, but it is envisaged that with appropriate safety factors included in calculations, the final capacity can be predicted from the measurements made in this way.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zur Bodenverbesserung, bei welchem ein Lanzenglied (14) im wesentlichen an der selben Stelle wiederholt in den Boden (17) vibriert wird, um jedes Mal einen länglichen Hohlraum (16) zu hinterlassen, wenn das Lanzenglied entfernt wird, und bei welchem in die so gebildeten Hohlräume zusätzliches Material (19) eingeleitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zusätzliche Material gebildet wird durch Vermischen von zumindest Erde und einem Bodenverbesserungs-Material, und dass der Vorgang wiederholt wird, bis ein eine Erhebung (39) in dem Boden um die Stelle herum detektiert wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bodenverbesserungs-Material einen zementartigen Binder wie z.B. Zement enthält.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zusätzliche Material (19) außerdem Branntkalk enthält.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Beenden des wiederholten Vorgangs in dem Boden (17) an der Stelle eine Vertiefung (24) gebildet wird, wobei die Vertiefung mit Beton gefüllt wird, um ein durch den verbesserten Boden abgestütztes Strukturglied (25) zu bilden.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vertiefung (24) durch Vibrieren eines sich verjüngenden Glieds (20) in den verbesserten Boden gebildet wird.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reaktion des Bodens (17) während des Bildens der Vertiefung (24) gemessen wird, um die Tragfähigkeit des verbesserten Bodens zu bestimmen.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lanzenglied (14) im wesentlichen vertikal in den Boden (17) eintritt.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lanzenglied (14) mindestens 2m lang ist.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lanze (14) mindestens 3m lang ist.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Lanze (14) mit einem Winkel von 2° bis 5° verjüngt.
EP03254513A 2002-07-18 2003-07-18 Verfahren zur Verdichtung eines Baugrundes Expired - Lifetime EP1382751B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0216701 2002-07-18
GB0216701A GB0216701D0 (en) 2002-07-18 2002-07-18 Preparation of ground prior to building
GB0225943 2002-11-07
GB0225943A GB0225943D0 (en) 2002-07-18 2002-11-07 Preparation of ground prior to building

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1382751A1 EP1382751A1 (de) 2004-01-21
EP1382751B1 true EP1382751B1 (de) 2009-08-19

Family

ID=27767110

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03254513A Expired - Lifetime EP1382751B1 (de) 2002-07-18 2003-07-18 Verfahren zur Verdichtung eines Baugrundes
EP03254512A Expired - Lifetime EP1382750B1 (de) 2002-07-18 2003-07-18 Verfahren zur Verbesserung eines Baugrundes

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03254512A Expired - Lifetime EP1382750B1 (de) 2002-07-18 2003-07-18 Verfahren zur Verbesserung eines Baugrundes

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1382751B1 (de)
AT (2) ATE440182T1 (de)
DE (2) DE60328854D1 (de)
ES (2) ES2331239T3 (de)
GB (2) GB2391035B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010022661A1 (de) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-08 vgs Ingenieure Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bodenverdichtung

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2403964B (en) * 2003-07-18 2006-09-27 Roxbury Ltd Ground improvement
CA2749198C (en) * 2009-01-09 2013-07-16 Geopier Foundation Company, Inc. Construction modulus testing apparatus and method
WO2011001297A1 (en) * 2009-06-30 2011-01-06 Russet Trading & Investment 24 (Pty) Ltd A method for constructing a column
CN102409588B (zh) * 2011-11-25 2013-06-12 中铁十二局集团第三工程有限公司 移动式注浆车间
CN102535291A (zh) * 2012-02-02 2012-07-04 石家庄铁道大学 一种高速公路工程软弱土地基处理方法
WO2017147424A1 (en) * 2016-02-24 2017-08-31 Ingios Geotechnics, Inc. Systems and methods to provide pressed and aggregate filled concavities for improving ground stiffness and uniformity
CN105970995A (zh) * 2016-05-25 2016-09-28 宁波市建设集团股份有限公司 承台胎模
CN109183542A (zh) * 2018-07-26 2019-01-11 武汉大学 运营公路软土路基桥头跳车下隔板处理方法
CN109355990B (zh) * 2018-11-29 2023-09-19 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 低洼沼泽地区吹填特细砂路基结构
GB2595274B (en) * 2020-05-20 2023-07-05 Subsea 7 Norway As Modifying seabed contours

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5249892A (en) * 1991-03-20 1993-10-05 Fox Nathaniel S Short aggregate piers and method and apparatus for producing same
GB2286613B (en) * 1994-02-18 1998-05-13 Roxbury Ltd Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for improving the condition of ground
GB2366819B (en) * 1997-08-20 2002-06-05 Roxbury Ltd Monitoring the degree of compaction achieved during ground treatment
ATE349576T1 (de) * 1997-08-20 2007-01-15 Roxbury Ltd Baugrundbehandlung
NL1007690C2 (nl) * 1997-12-04 1999-06-09 Ballast Nedam Funderingstechni Werkwijze en inrichting voor het in een ondergrond aanbrengen van een paal.
GB2365891B (en) * 2000-07-07 2004-05-26 Roxbury Ltd Ground preparation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010022661A1 (de) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-08 vgs Ingenieure Dr. Köhler & Kirschstein GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bodenverdichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60328854D1 (de) 2009-10-01
EP1382750A1 (de) 2004-01-21
EP1382750B1 (de) 2009-08-19
GB2391035A (en) 2004-01-28
GB0316861D0 (en) 2003-08-20
ES2331238T3 (es) 2009-12-28
GB2391036B (en) 2005-05-04
GB0316860D0 (en) 2003-08-20
ES2331239T3 (es) 2009-12-28
GB2391036A (en) 2004-01-28
ATE440183T1 (de) 2009-09-15
DE60328853D1 (de) 2009-10-01
EP1382751A1 (de) 2004-01-21
GB2391035B (en) 2005-05-04
ATE440182T1 (de) 2009-09-15

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