EP1379784A1 - Single-plunger injection pump for a common rail fuel injection system - Google Patents

Single-plunger injection pump for a common rail fuel injection system

Info

Publication number
EP1379784A1
EP1379784A1 EP02740228A EP02740228A EP1379784A1 EP 1379784 A1 EP1379784 A1 EP 1379784A1 EP 02740228 A EP02740228 A EP 02740228A EP 02740228 A EP02740228 A EP 02740228A EP 1379784 A1 EP1379784 A1 EP 1379784A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injection pump
pump according
piston
injection
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02740228A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1379784B1 (en
Inventor
Walter Fuchs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10138362A external-priority patent/DE10138362A1/en
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1379784A1 publication Critical patent/EP1379784A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1379784B1 publication Critical patent/EP1379784B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00 by means of valves
    • F04B49/24—Bypassing
    • F04B49/243—Bypassing by keeping open the inlet valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00—Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/02—Piston parameters
    • F04B2201/0207—Number of pumping strokes in unit time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2203/00—Motor parameters
    • F04B2203/06—Motor parameters of internal combustion engines
    • F04B2203/0605—Rotational speed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection pump for a common rail fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine with a pump cylinder arranged in a housing, with a piston oscillating in the pump cylinder, the pressure of the fuel drawn into the cylinder from a fuel inlet being increased by the piston and with a the quantity control valve, the quantity control valve has a built in the housing, having directly activated control piston, wherein the quantity control valve controls the flow rate of the piston into an outflow or a 'with a common rail communicating high pressure drilling.
  • the injection pump known from DE-OS 42 21 921 AI is only suitable for use in internal combustion engines with more than one cylinder if it has a number of pump cylinders corresponding to the number of cylinders.
  • the production costs increase with the number of pump cylinders.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a single-punch injection pump for internal combustion engines with more than one cylinder, which are equipped with a common rail fuel injection system.
  • Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine with a pump cylinder arranged in a housing, with a piston oscillating in the pump cylinder, the pressure of the fuel drawn into the pump cylinder from a fuel inlet being increased by the piston, and with a quantity control valve, the quantity control valve integrating one into the housing , directly controlled control piston, the quantity control valve controlling the delivery flow of the piston into a drain or a high-pressure bore connected to a common rail, and wherein the piston oscillates at a frequency greater than or equal to half the crankshaft speed of the internal combustion engine.
  • the single plunger pump can also be controlled by a suction throttle valve.
  • the injection pump according to the invention Because of the compact design of the injection pump according to the invention, it has a small dead volume, so that the efficiency of the injection pump is improved. Because of the good efficiency of the injection pump, the piston can be dimensioned small, so that it can oscillate at a frequency greater than half the crankshaft speed. This makes it possible to set the uniformity of the delivery rate over time in an injection-synchronous manner. In addition, with the same delivery rate, it can be achieved that the torque peaks for driving the injection pump according to the invention are reduced. Due to the small piston diameter, the leakage between the pump cylinder and the piston is reduced, so that an improvement in the volumetric efficiency and thus also in the overall efficiency is achieved.
  • the housing deforms only to a very small extent, which enables reduced cold running play and thus brings about a further improvement in the efficiency of the injection pump according to the invention.
  • the piston is actuated by a camshaft or a cam disk with at least one cam, so that the oscillation frequency of the piston can be increased in a simple manner.
  • the number of cams can be selected depending on the delivery needs.
  • the speed of the piston during the suction stroke is lower than during the delivery stroke, so that cavitation phenomena during the suction stroke are largely avoided.
  • the pump cylinder is designed as a blind hole, so that the dead volume and the leakage losses are further reduced.
  • the quantity control of the injection pump also contributes to reducing the dead volume by varying the advance stroke of the piston. With this volume control, the piston always delivers to top dead center (TDC) so that the dead volume is minimal.
  • the drain can be sealed by a sealing seat between the housing and the control piston, and that the diameter of the sealing seat is smaller than the diameter of the receiving bore in the housing for the control piston, so that the opening movement of the control piston by the fuel under pressure is supported. Furthermore, it is possible that the opening movement of the quantity control valve is supported by a spring, so that a reduction in the opening times and an improved starting behavior of the internal combustion engine are achieved. In addition, the low-pressure pressure forces in a variant can be largely compensated for by two piston surfaces that are of similar size.
  • the longitudinal axis of the control piston encloses an angle of 90 ° with the longitudinal axis of the piston and / or that in the A pressure relief chamber acting as a low-pressure accumulator is provided so that a particularly compact design with a correspondingly low dead volume is achieved and that the low-pressure accumulator supports the filling of the pump cylinder during the suction stroke. This measure also prevents cavitation.
  • the inertial forces can be reduced and thus the load on the injection pump can be reduced.
  • the clearance between piston and cylinder can be reduced because of good wear and deformation behavior of ceramics, then a further increase in the volumetric 'efficiency that results.
  • a common rail is integrated in the housing, so that the dead volume is further reduced.
  • the delivery stroke of the injection pump is phase-shifted at the injection timing of the internal combustion engine.
  • existing pressure surges in the high-pressure area of the injection pump can be used to build up the highest possible injection pressure, or the injection takes place at a time when there are no or only slight pressure surges.
  • the accuracy of the metering of the fuel during injection improves.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a single-punch injection pump according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a single-punch injection pump according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a single-ram injection pump according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a single-plunger injection pump according to the invention.
  • a piston 3 with a pump cylinder 5 is guided in a housing 1.
  • the piston 3 is driven by a camshaft 7.
  • An eccentric section 9 of the camshaft 7 acts on the piston 3 via a tappet roller 11.
  • the eccentric section 9 is a cam in the sense of the invention.
  • the cams can also have geometries other than an eccentrically arranged circle.
  • the piston 3 is pressed onto the tappet roller 11 by means of a return spring 13 which is only indicated.
  • a control piston 15 of a quantity control valve 17 designed as a solenoid valve is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the pump cylinder 5 in the housing 1 above the pump cylinder 5.
  • the control piston 15 has a shoulder 19 which, together with a correspondingly designed shoulder 21, form a sealing seat.
  • the shoulder lies 19 on ' the paragraph 21 and the fuel delivered by the piston 3 is fed into a high pressure bore 23.
  • This high-pressure bore 23 is connected via a high-pressure line, not shown, to the common rail of the fuel injection system, also not shown.
  • a check valve 25 in the high-pressure bore 23 prevents fuel from flowing back from the common rail into the injection pump.
  • the piston surface 34 closes off the low-pressure chamber 29 and largely compensates for the low-pressure forces on the needle.
  • the quantity control valve 17 When the quantity control valve 17 is open, the piston 3 feeds into the low pressure chamber 29 or sucks fuel through the fuel inlet 27 from the low pressure chamber 29 into the pump cylinder 5 during the suction stroke of the injection pump 5.
  • the quantity control valve 17 When the quantity control valve 17 is closed during the delivery stroke, pressure builds up in the pump cylinder 5 on, which leads to the opening of the check valve 25 and then enables the delivery of fuel from the pump cylinder 5 into the common rail, not shown. The earlier the quantity control valve 17 closes, the greater the quantity of fuel delivered to the common rail per delivery stroke of the piston 3.
  • the closing time of the quantity control valve 17 the quantity conveyed per delivery stroke can be controlled between 0 and 100% of the pump displacement.
  • the piston 3 can be dimensioned smaller, which further reduces the leakage loss between the pump cylinder 5 and the piston 3.
  • the piston 3 can be dimensioned smaller, which further reduces the leakage loss between the pump cylinder 5 and the piston 3.
  • only a small amount of fuel has to be conveyed from the fuel inlet 29 into the pump cylinder 5 during the suction stroke, which prevents the occurrence of Cavitation decreased.
  • the tendency to cavitation can be further reduced by a corresponding design of the eccentric section 9 of the camshaft 7 shown in FIG. 1. If the speed of the piston 3 is lower during the suction stroke than during the delivery stroke, the tendency to cavitation when fuel is drawn in decreases.
  • the spool 15 is shown in FIG.
  • the housing 1 is supported by a compression spring 31, which is supported against a cover 33 of the housing 1.
  • a compression spring 31 which is supported against a cover 33 of the housing 1.
  • the cover 33 is partially designed as a membrane.
  • a recess 35 Directly behind the sealing seat formed from shoulder 19 and shoulder 21 there is a recess 35 in the housing 1 which, together with the appropriately designed cover 33, forms a pressure relief space 37.
  • the pressure energy stored in the pressure relief chamber 37 during the pre-delivery stroke supports the suction of fuel from the fuel inlet 29 into the pump cylinder 5 and thus reduces the tendency to cavitate during the suction stroke.
  • the diameter of the sealing seat is smaller than the diameter of a receiving bore 39 in the housing 1 for the control piston 15, the opening movement of the control piston 15 is additionally supported by the hydraulic forces. Due to the high oscillation frequency of the piston 3, the mean flow rate of the fuel is during of the suction stroke less than if the same amount of fuel is drawn in every two crankshaft revolutions during one suction stroke.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of an injection pump according to the invention.
  • the camshaft 7 is part of the internal combustion engine and the housing 1 is inserted directly into a corresponding recess 41 in the internal combustion engine. This results in a very compact design.
  • the camshaft 7 is part of a shaft that is already present on the internal combustion engine, the manufacturing effort can be reduced and costs can thus be avoided.
  • This injection pump does not require an independent camshaft with bearings and drive, which has a positive effect on the manufacturing costs.

Abstract

The invention relates to a single-plunger injection pump for high-speed internal combustion engines which, due to its compact design and to its good volumetric efficiency in conjunction with a high oscillation frequency of the piston, has a flow rate comparable to that of a multi-plunger injection pump without the torque peaks becoming impermissibly high during actuation of the single-plunger injection pump.

Description

Einstempel-Einspritzpumpe für ein Common-Rail- KraftstoffeinspritzSystemSingle-punch injection pump for a common rail fuel injection system
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einspritzpumpe für ein Common- Rail -Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem in einem Gehäuse angeordneten Pumpenzylinder, mit einem in dem Pumpenzylinder oszillierenden Kolben, wobei der Druck des aus einem KraftstoffZulauf in den Zylinder angesaugten Kraftstoffs durch den Kolben erhöht wird und mit einem Mengensteuerventil, wobei das Mengensteuerventil einen in das Gehäuse integrierten, direkt angesteuerten Steuerkolben aufweist, wobei das Mengensteuerventil den Förderstrom des Kolbens in einen Ablauf oder eine ' mit einem Common-Rail in Verbindung stehende Hochdruck-Bohrung steuert .The invention relates to an injection pump for a common rail fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine with a pump cylinder arranged in a housing, with a piston oscillating in the pump cylinder, the pressure of the fuel drawn into the cylinder from a fuel inlet being increased by the piston and with a the quantity control valve, the quantity control valve has a built in the housing, having directly activated control piston, wherein the quantity control valve controls the flow rate of the piston into an outflow or a 'with a common rail communicating high pressure drilling.
Die aus der DE-OS 42 21 921 AI bekannte Einspritzpume ist für den Einsatz in Brennkraftmaschinen mit mehr als einem Zylinder nur geeignet, wenn sie eine der Zylinderzahl enstprechende Zahl von Pumpenzylindern aufweist. Mit der Zahl der Pumpenzylinder steigen auch die Herstellungskosten .The injection pump known from DE-OS 42 21 921 AI is only suitable for use in internal combustion engines with more than one cylinder if it has a number of pump cylinders corresponding to the number of cylinders. The production costs increase with the number of pump cylinders.
Bei sog. Common-Rail-Kraftstoffeinspritzsystemen besteht prinzipiell die Möglichkeit die Zylinderzahl der Brennkraftmaschine und die Zahl von Pumpenzylindern der Kraftstoffhochdruckpumpe zu entkoppeln. Wegen der großen temporären Fördermenge und der daraus resultierenden Drehmomentspitze sowie der bisher ungelösten Füllung des Pumpenzylinders in sehr kurzer Zeit, wurden bislang keine Einstempel-Einspritzpumpen zu Kraftstoffversorgung von Common-Rails von Brennkraftmaschinen mit mehr als einem Zylinder eingesetzt.In the case of so-called common rail fuel injection systems, there is in principle the possibility of the number of cylinders Decouple internal combustion engine and the number of pump cylinders of the high-pressure fuel pump. Because of the large temporary delivery volume and the resulting torque peak as well as the previously unsolved filling of the pump cylinder in a very short time, no single-punch injection pumps have been used to supply fuel to common rails of internal combustion engines with more than one cylinder.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einstempel- Einspritzpumpe für Brennkraftmaschinen mit mehr als einem Zylinder, die mit einem Common-Rail- Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ausgerüstet sind, darzustellen.The invention has for its object to provide a single-punch injection pump for internal combustion engines with more than one cylinder, which are equipped with a common rail fuel injection system.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Einspritzpumpe für ein Common-Rail-This object is achieved according to the invention by an injection pump for a common rail
Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem in einem Gehäuse angeordneten Pumpenzylinder, mit einem in den Pumpenzylinder oszillierenden Kolben, wobei der Druck des aus einem Kraftstoffzulauf in den Pumpenzylinder angesaugten Kraftstoffs durch den Kolben erhöht wird, und mit einem Mengensteuerventil, wobei das Mengensteuerventil einen in das Gehäuse integrierten, direkt angesteuerten Steuerkolben aufweist, wobei das Mengensteuerventil den Förderstrom des Kolbens in einen Ablauf oder eine mit einem Common-Rail in Verbindung stehende Hochdruck-Bohrung steuert und wobei der Kolben mit einer Frequenz größer oder gleich der halben Kurbelwellendrehzahl der Brennkraftmaschine oszilliert. Alternativ kann die Einstempelpumpe auch durch ein Saugdrosselventil gesteuert werden.Fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine with a pump cylinder arranged in a housing, with a piston oscillating in the pump cylinder, the pressure of the fuel drawn into the pump cylinder from a fuel inlet being increased by the piston, and with a quantity control valve, the quantity control valve integrating one into the housing , directly controlled control piston, the quantity control valve controlling the delivery flow of the piston into a drain or a high-pressure bore connected to a common rail, and wherein the piston oscillates at a frequency greater than or equal to half the crankshaft speed of the internal combustion engine. Alternatively, the single plunger pump can also be controlled by a suction throttle valve.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Wegen der kompakten Bauweise der erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzpumpe hat diese ein kleines Totvolumen, so dass der Wirkungsgrad der Einspritzpumpe verbessert wird. Wegen des guten Wirkungsgrads der Einspritzpumpe kann der Kolben klein dimensioniert werden, so dass dessen Oszillation mit einer Frequenz größer als die halbe Kurbelwellendrehzahl möglich ist. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Uhgleichförmigkeit der zeitlichen Fördermenge einspritzsynchron zu legen. Außerdem kann, bei gleicher Förderleistung, erreicht werden, dass die Drehmomentspitzen zum Antrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzpumpe verringert werden. Wegen des kleinen Kolbendurchmessers verringert sich die Leckage zwischen Pumpenzylinder und Kolben, so dass eine Verbesserung des volumetrischen Wirkungsgrads und damit auch des Gesamtwirkungsgrads erzielt wird.Because of the compact design of the injection pump according to the invention, it has a small dead volume, so that the efficiency of the injection pump is improved. Because of the good efficiency of the injection pump, the piston can be dimensioned small, so that it can oscillate at a frequency greater than half the crankshaft speed. This makes it possible to set the uniformity of the delivery rate over time in an injection-synchronous manner. In addition, with the same delivery rate, it can be achieved that the torque peaks for driving the injection pump according to the invention are reduced. Due to the small piston diameter, the leakage between the pump cylinder and the piston is reduced, so that an improvement in the volumetric efficiency and thus also in the overall efficiency is achieved.
Außerdem verformt sich das Gehäuse wegen der kleinen Oberflächen durch die Druckkräfte und durch die thermisch bedingten Spannungen nur in sehr geringem Umfang, was ein verringertes Kaltlaufspiel ermöglicht und somit einen weiter verbesserten Wirkungsgrad der erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzpumpe mit sich bringt.In addition, because of the small surfaces due to the compressive forces and the thermal stresses, the housing deforms only to a very small extent, which enables reduced cold running play and thus brings about a further improvement in the efficiency of the injection pump according to the invention.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Kombiation mehrerer Merkmale ist es gelungen, eine funktionsfähige Einstempel-Einspritzpumpe Brennkraftmaschinen mit einem Common-Rail-The combination of several features according to the invention has made it possible to provide a functional single-piston injection pump for internal combustion engines with a common rail
Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem bereitzustellen, welche wegen der genannten Vorteilen sehr kompakt baut und wegen der geringen Zahl von Bauteilen auch kostengünstig herstellbar ist .To provide fuel injection system, which is very compact because of the advantages mentioned and because of the small number of components it is also inexpensive to manufacture.
Bei einer Variante der Erfindung wird der Kolben von einer Nockenwelle oder einer Nockenscheibe mit mindestens einem Nocken betätigt, so dass auf einfache Weise die Oszillationsfrequenz des Kolbens erhöht werden kann. Je nachdem, von welcher Welle der Brennkraftmaschine (Nockenwelle, Ausgleichswelle, • Kurbelwelle) die erfindungsgemäße Einspritzpumpe angetrieben wird, kann die Zahl der Nocken abhängig vom Förderbedarf gewählt werden.In a variant of the invention, the piston is actuated by a camshaft or a cam disk with at least one cam, so that the oscillation frequency of the piston can be increased in a simple manner. Depending on which shaft of the internal combustion engine (camshaft, balance shaft, • crankshaft) Injection pump according to the invention is driven, the number of cams can be selected depending on the delivery needs.
In weiterer Ergänzung der Erfindung ist die Geschwindigkeit des Kolbens während des Saughubs geringer als während des Förderhubs, so dass Kavitationserscheinungen während des Saughubs weitestgehend vermieden werden.In a further addition to the invention, the speed of the piston during the suction stroke is lower than during the delivery stroke, so that cavitation phenomena during the suction stroke are largely avoided.
Bei einer anderen Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ist der Pumpenzylinder als Sackloch ausgebildet, so dass das Totvolumen und die Leckageverluste weiter verringert werden. Zur Verringerung des Totvolumens trägt auch die Mengenregelung der Einspritzpumpe durch die Variation des Vorhubs des Kolbens bei . Durch diese Mengenregelung fördert der Kolben immer bis zum oberen Totpunkt (OT) , so dass das Totvolumen minimal wird.In another embodiment of the invention, the pump cylinder is designed as a blind hole, so that the dead volume and the leakage losses are further reduced. The quantity control of the injection pump also contributes to reducing the dead volume by varying the advance stroke of the piston. With this volume control, the piston always delivers to top dead center (TDC) so that the dead volume is minimal.
Bei einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Ablauf durch einen Dichtsitz zwischen Gehäuse und Steuerkolben abdichtbar ist, und dass der Durchmesser des Dichtsitzes kleiner als der Durchmesser der Aufnahmebohrung im Gehäuse für den Steuerkolben ist, so dass die Öffnungsbewegung des Steuerkolbens durch die von dem unter Druck stehenden Kraftstoff unterstützt wird. Weiterhin ist es möglich, dass die Öffnungsbewegung des Mengensteuerventils von einer Feder unterstützt wird, so dass eine Verringerung der Öffnungszeiten und ein verbessertes Anlaufverhalten der Brennkraftmaschine erreicht werden. Darüber hinaus lassen sich die niederdruckseitigen Druckkräfte in einer Variante durch zwei Kolbenflächen, die ähnlich groß sind, weitgehend ausgleichen.In another embodiment of the invention it is provided that the drain can be sealed by a sealing seat between the housing and the control piston, and that the diameter of the sealing seat is smaller than the diameter of the receiving bore in the housing for the control piston, so that the opening movement of the control piston by the fuel under pressure is supported. Furthermore, it is possible that the opening movement of the quantity control valve is supported by a spring, so that a reduction in the opening times and an improved starting behavior of the internal combustion engine are achieved. In addition, the low-pressure pressure forces in a variant can be largely compensated for by two piston surfaces that are of similar size.
Weitere Varianten der Erfindung sehen vor, dass die Längsachse des Steuerkolbens mit der Längsachse des Kolbens einen Winkel von 90° einschließt und/oder dass in dem Ablauf ein als Niederdruckspeicher wirkender Druckentlastungsraum vorgesehen ist, so dass eine besonders kompakte Bauweise mit entsprechend geringem Totvolumen erreicht wird und dass der Niederdruckspeicher die Befüllung des Pumpenzylinders während des Saughubs unterstützt. Durch diese Maßnahme wird ebenfalls der Kavitation vorgebeugt.Further variants of the invention provide that the longitudinal axis of the control piston encloses an angle of 90 ° with the longitudinal axis of the piston and / or that in the A pressure relief chamber acting as a low-pressure accumulator is provided so that a particularly compact design with a correspondingly low dead volume is achieved and that the low-pressure accumulator supports the filling of the pump cylinder during the suction stroke. This measure also prevents cavitation.
Durch die Verwendung von Keramik für den Kolben und eine eventuell vorhandene Stößelrolle können die Trägheitskräfte verringert werden und somit die Belastung der Einspritzpumpe verringert werden. Außerdem kann wegen des guten Verschleiß- und Verformungsverhaltens von Keramik das Spiel zwischen Kolben und Zylinder verringert werden, so dass sich eine weitere Steigerung des volumetrischen ' Wirkungsgrads ergibt.Through the use of ceramic for the piston and a possibly existing tappet roller, the inertial forces can be reduced and thus the load on the injection pump can be reduced. In addition, the clearance between piston and cylinder can be reduced because of good wear and deformation behavior of ceramics, then a further increase in the volumetric 'efficiency that results.
Bei einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass in das Gehäuse ein Common-Rail integriert ist, so dass das Totvolumen weiter verringert wird.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that a common rail is integrated in the housing, so that the dead volume is further reduced.
In weiterer Ergänzung der Erfindung ist der Förderhub der Einspritzpumpe zum Einspritzzeitpunkt der Brennkraftmaschine einspritzsynchron fasenverschoben. Je nachdem wie groß die Fasenverschiebung gewählt wird, können evtl . vorhandene Druckstöße im Hochdruckbereich der Einspritzpumpe zum Aufbau eines möglichst hohen Einspritzdrucks genutzt werden oder die Einspritzung erfolgt zu einem Zeitpunkt an dem keine oder nur in geringem Umfang Druckstöße vorhanden sind. Bei der zweiten Variante verbessert sich die Genauigkeit der Zumessung des Kraftstoffs bei der Einspritzung.In a further addition to the invention, the delivery stroke of the injection pump is phase-shifted at the injection timing of the internal combustion engine. Depending on how large the bevel shift is selected, Existing pressure surges in the high-pressure area of the injection pump can be used to build up the highest possible injection pressure, or the injection takes place at a time when there are no or only slight pressure surges. In the second variant, the accuracy of the metering of the fuel during injection improves.
Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind der Zeichnung, deren Beschreibung und den Patentansprüchen entnehmbar. ZeichnungFurther advantages and advantageous refinements of the invention can be found in the drawing, its description and the patent claims. drawing
Es zeigen:Show it:
Fig. 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Einstempel-Einspritzpumpe,1 shows a first embodiment of a single-punch injection pump according to the invention,
Fig. 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Einstempel-Einspritzpumpe undFig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a single-punch injection pump according to the invention and
Fig. 3 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispieil einer erfindungsgemäßen Einstempel-Einspritzpumpe .Fig. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a single-ram injection pump according to the invention.
Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments
Fig. 1 zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Einstempel-Einspritzpumpe. In einem Gehäuse 1 ist ein Kolben 3 mit einem Pumpenzylinder 5 geführt . Angetrieben wird der Kolben 3 von einer Nockenwelle 7. Ein exzentrischer Abschnitt 9 der Nockenwelle 7 wirkt über eine Stößelrolle 11 auf den Kolben 3. Der exzentrische Abschnitt 9 ist ein Nocken im Sinne der Erfindung. Allerdings können die Nocken auch andere Geometrien als ein exzentrisch angeordneter Kreis haben. Der Kolben 3 wird über eine nur andeutungsweise dargestellte Rückholfeder 13 auf die Stößelrolle 11 gepresst .1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a single-plunger injection pump according to the invention. A piston 3 with a pump cylinder 5 is guided in a housing 1. The piston 3 is driven by a camshaft 7. An eccentric section 9 of the camshaft 7 acts on the piston 3 via a tappet roller 11. The eccentric section 9 is a cam in the sense of the invention. However, the cams can also have geometries other than an eccentrically arranged circle. The piston 3 is pressed onto the tappet roller 11 by means of a return spring 13 which is only indicated.
Oberhalb des Pumpenzylinders 5 ist im Gehäuse 1 ein Steuerkolben 15 eines als Magnetventil ausgeführten Mengensteuerventils 17 rechtwinklig zur Längsachse des Pumpenzylinders 5 angeordnet. Der Steuerkolben 15 weist eine Schulter 19 auf, die zusammen mit einem entsprechend ausgebildeten Absatz 21. einen Dichtsitz bilden. Wenn das Mengensteuerventil 17 geschlossen ist, liegt die Schulter 19 auf ' dem Absatz 21 auf und der vom Kolben 3 geförderte Kraftstoff wird in eine Hochdruck-Bohrung 23 gefördert . Diese Hochdruck-Bohrung 23 ist über eine nicht dargestellte Hochdruckleitung mit dem ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Common-Rail des Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems verbunden. Ein Rückschlagventil 25 in der Hochdruck-Bohrung 23 verhindert, dass Kraftstoff aus dem Common-Rail in die Einspritzpumpe zurückströmt. Die Kolbenfläche 34 schließt den Niederdruckraum 29 ab und gleicht die niederdruckseitigen Kräfte auf die Nadel weitgehend aus.A control piston 15 of a quantity control valve 17 designed as a solenoid valve is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the pump cylinder 5 in the housing 1 above the pump cylinder 5. The control piston 15 has a shoulder 19 which, together with a correspondingly designed shoulder 21, form a sealing seat. When the quantity control valve 17 is closed, the shoulder lies 19 on ' the paragraph 21 and the fuel delivered by the piston 3 is fed into a high pressure bore 23. This high-pressure bore 23 is connected via a high-pressure line, not shown, to the common rail of the fuel injection system, also not shown. A check valve 25 in the high-pressure bore 23 prevents fuel from flowing back from the common rail into the injection pump. The piston surface 34 closes off the low-pressure chamber 29 and largely compensates for the low-pressure forces on the needle.
Bei geöffnetem Mengensteuerventil 17 fördert der Kolben 3 in den Niederdruckraum 29 oder saugt während des Saughubs der Einspritzpumpe Kraftstoff über den KraftstoffZulauf 27 aus dem Niederdruckraum 29 in den Pumpenzylinder 5. Wenn während des Förderhubs das Mengensteuerventil 17 geschlossen wird, baut sich im Pumpenzylinder 5 ein Druck auf, der zum Öffnen des Rückschlagventils 25 führt und anschließend die Förderung von Kraftstofff aus dem Pumpenzylinder 5 in das nicht dargestellte Common-Rail ermöglicht. Je früher das Mengensteuerventil 17 schließt, desto größer ist die je Förderhub des Kolbens 3 in das Common-Rail geförderte Kraftstoffmenge. Durch die Wahl des Schließzeitpunkts des Mengensteuerventils 17 kann die je- Förderhub geförderte Menge zwischen 0 und 100 % des Pumpenhubraumes gesteuert werden.When the quantity control valve 17 is open, the piston 3 feeds into the low pressure chamber 29 or sucks fuel through the fuel inlet 27 from the low pressure chamber 29 into the pump cylinder 5 during the suction stroke of the injection pump 5. When the quantity control valve 17 is closed during the delivery stroke, pressure builds up in the pump cylinder 5 on, which leads to the opening of the check valve 25 and then enables the delivery of fuel from the pump cylinder 5 into the common rail, not shown. The earlier the quantity control valve 17 closes, the greater the quantity of fuel delivered to the common rail per delivery stroke of the piston 3. By selecting the closing time of the quantity control valve 17, the quantity conveyed per delivery stroke can be controlled between 0 and 100% of the pump displacement.
Durch die äußerst kompakte und steife Bauweise der Einspritzpumpe und die kleinen Totvolumina der Einspritzpumpe hat diese einen guten Wirkungsgrad. Dadurch kann der Kolben 3 kleiner dimensioniert werden, was die Leckageverlust zwischen Pumpenzylinder 5 und Kolben 3 weiter verringert. Außerdem muss, wegen des kleinen Hubraums des Kolbens 3, nur eine geringe Kraftstoffmenge während des Saughubs aus dem Kraftstoffzulauf 29 in den Pumpenzylinder 5 gefördert werden, was das Auftreten von Kavitation verringert. Die Kavitationsneigung kann durch eine entsprechende Gestaltung des in Fig. 1 dargestellten des exzentrischen Abschnitts 9 der Nockenwelle 7 weiter verringert werden. Wenn die Geschwindigkeit des Kolbens 3 während des Saughubs geringer ist als während des Förderhubs, verringert sich die Kavitationsneigung beim Ansaugen von Kraftstoff.Due to the extremely compact and rigid construction of the injection pump and the small dead volume of the injection pump, it has a good efficiency. As a result, the piston 3 can be dimensioned smaller, which further reduces the leakage loss between the pump cylinder 5 and the piston 3. In addition, because of the small displacement of the piston 3, only a small amount of fuel has to be conveyed from the fuel inlet 29 into the pump cylinder 5 during the suction stroke, which prevents the occurrence of Cavitation decreased. The tendency to cavitation can be further reduced by a corresponding design of the eccentric section 9 of the camshaft 7 shown in FIG. 1. If the speed of the piston 3 is lower during the suction stroke than during the delivery stroke, the tendency to cavitation when fuel is drawn in decreases.
Wegen der kleinen Abmessungen des Kolbens 3 und dessen kleiner Masse wird auch bei großen Beschleunigungen des Kolbens 3 und hohen Drücken während des Förderhubs die zulässige Hertz 'sehe Pressung zwischen Stößelrolle 11 und exzentrischem Abschnitt 9 der Nockenwelle 7 nicht überschritten .Because of the small dimensions of the piston 3 and its small mass, the permissible Hertz see pressure between the tappet roller 11 and the eccentric section 9 of the camshaft 7 is not exceeded even with large accelerations of the piston 3 and high pressures during the delivery stroke.
Der Steuerkolben 15 wird in dem gezeigtenThe spool 15 is shown in FIG
Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 durch eine Druckfeder 31, welche sich gegen einen Deckel 33 des Gehäuses 1 abstützt, unterstützt. Bei dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig, 2 ist keine Druckfeder 31 vorhanden und der Deckel 33 ist teilweise als Membran ausgebildet. Direkt hinter dem aus Schulter 19 und Absatz 21 gebildeten Dichtsitz ist eine Ausnehmung 35 im Gehäuse 1 vorhanden, welche zusammen mit dem entsprechend gestalteten Deckel 33 einen Druckentlastungsraum 37 bildet. Die in dem Druckentlastungsraum 37 während des Vorförderhubs gespeicherte Druckenergie unterstützt das Ansaugen von Kraftstoff aus dem Kraftstoffzulauf 29 in den Pumpenzylinder 5 und verringert somit die Kavitationsneigung während des Saughubs. Wenn der Durchmesser des Dichtsitzes kleiner als der Durchmesser einer Aufnahmebohrung 39 im Gehäuse 1 für den Steuerkolben 15 ist, wird die Öffnungsbewegung des Steuerkolbens 15 durch die hydraulischen Kräfte zusätzlich unterstützt. Durch die hohe Oszillationsfrequenz des Kolbens 3 ist die mittlere Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Kraftstoffs während des Saughubs geringer als wenn die gleiche Kraftstoffmenge bei einem Saughub je zwei Kurbelwellenumdrehungen angesaugt wird.1 is supported by a compression spring 31, which is supported against a cover 33 of the housing 1. In the second exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, there is no compression spring 31 and the cover 33 is partially designed as a membrane. Directly behind the sealing seat formed from shoulder 19 and shoulder 21 there is a recess 35 in the housing 1 which, together with the appropriately designed cover 33, forms a pressure relief space 37. The pressure energy stored in the pressure relief chamber 37 during the pre-delivery stroke supports the suction of fuel from the fuel inlet 29 into the pump cylinder 5 and thus reduces the tendency to cavitate during the suction stroke. If the diameter of the sealing seat is smaller than the diameter of a receiving bore 39 in the housing 1 for the control piston 15, the opening movement of the control piston 15 is additionally supported by the hydraulic forces. Due to the high oscillation frequency of the piston 3, the mean flow rate of the fuel is during of the suction stroke less than if the same amount of fuel is drawn in every two crankshaft revolutions during one suction stroke.
In Fig. 3 ist ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzpumpe dargestellt. Wie auch beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel werden gleiche Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen und es gilt das oben Gesagte entsprechend. Bei dieser Einspritzpumpe ist die Nockenwelle 7 Teil der Brennkraftmaschine und das Gehäuse 1 wird direkt in eine entsprechende Aussparung 41 der Brennkraftmaschine eingesetzt. Dadurch ergibt sich eine sehr kompakte Bauweise. Außerdem kann, wenn die Nockenwelle 7 Teil einer ohnehin an der Brennkraftmaschine vorhandenen Welle ist, der Fertigungsaufwand verringert und damit Kosten vermieden werden. Diese Einspritzpumpe benötigt keine eigenständige Nockenwelle mit Lagerung und Antrieb, was sich positiv auf die Herstellungskosten auswirkt.3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of an injection pump according to the invention. As in the second exemplary embodiment, the same components are provided with the same reference symbols, and what has been said above applies accordingly. In this injection pump, the camshaft 7 is part of the internal combustion engine and the housing 1 is inserted directly into a corresponding recess 41 in the internal combustion engine. This results in a very compact design. In addition, if the camshaft 7 is part of a shaft that is already present on the internal combustion engine, the manufacturing effort can be reduced and costs can thus be avoided. This injection pump does not require an independent camshaft with bearings and drive, which has a positive effect on the manufacturing costs.
Alle in der Zeichnung, deren Beschreibung und den Patentansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination miteinander erfindungswesentlich sein. All of the features disclosed in the drawing, its description and the patent claims can be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination with one another.

Claims

4. Einspritzpumpe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Pumpenzylinder4. Injection pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pump cylinder
(5) als Sackloch ausgebildet ist.(5) is designed as a blind hole.
5. • Einspritzpumpe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mengenreglung der Einspritzpumpe durch die Variation des Vorhubs des Kolbens (3) erfolgt.5. • Injection pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the quantity control of the injection pump takes place by varying the forward stroke of the piston (3).
6. Einspritzpumpe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindung zwischen Kraftstoffzulauf (27) und Pumpenzylinder (5) durch einen Dichtsitz zwischen Gehäuse (1) und Steuerkolben (15) abdichtbar ist, und dass der Durchmesser des Dichtsitzes kleiner als der Durchmesser einer Aufnahmebohrung (39) im Gehäuse (1) für den Steuerkolben (15) ist.6. Injection pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection between the fuel inlet (27) and the pump cylinder (5) can be sealed by a sealing seat between the housing (1) and control piston (15), and that the diameter of the sealing seat is smaller than that Diameter of a receiving bore (39) in the housing (1) for the control piston (15).
7. Einspritzpumpe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Öffnungsbewegung des Mengensteuerventils (17) von einer Druckfeder (31) unterstützt wird.7. Injection pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the opening movement of the quantity control valve (17) is supported by a compression spring (31).
8. Einspritzpumpe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Längsachse des Steuerkolbens (15) mit der Längsachse des Kolbens (3) einen Winkel von 90° einschließt.8. Injection pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the control piston (15) with the longitudinal axis of the piston (3) encloses an angle of 90 °.
9. Einspritzpumpe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem9. Injection pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the
Kraftstoffzulauf (27) ein als Niederdruckspeicher wirkender Druckentlastungsraum (37) vorgesehen ist.Fuel inlet (27) a pressure relief chamber (37) acting as a low pressure accumulator is provided.
10. Einspritzpumpe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben (3) und eine evtl. vorhandene Stößelrolle (n) aus Keramik hergestellt sind. 10. Injection pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the piston (3) and a possibly existing tappet roller (s) are made of ceramic.
11. Einspritzpumpe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in das Gehäuse (1) ein Common-Rail integriert ist.11. Injection pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a common rail is integrated in the housing (1).
12. Einspritzpumpe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Förderhub der Einspritzpumpe zum Einspritzzeitpunkt der Brennkraftmaschine einspritzsynchron fasenverschoben ist.12. Injection pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the delivery stroke of the injection pump is phase-shifted at the injection time of the internal combustion engine.
13. Einspritzpumpe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Mengensteuerventil (17) als stromlos geöffnetes Magnetventil ausgebildet ist.13. Injection pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the quantity control valve (17) is designed as a normally open solenoid valve.
14. Einspritzpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nockenwelle (7) oder die Nockenscheibe Teil der Brennkraftmaschine ist.14. Injection pump according to one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that the camshaft (7) or the cam disc is part of the internal combustion engine.
15. Einspritzpumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fördermenge durch eine Saugdrosselregelung geregelt wird. 15. Injection pump according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the delivery rate is regulated by a suction throttle control.
EP02740228A 2001-04-06 2002-04-05 Single-plunger injection pump for a common rail fuel injection system Expired - Lifetime EP1379784B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10117093 2001-04-06
DE10117093 2001-04-06
DE10138362A DE10138362A1 (en) 2001-04-06 2001-08-04 Single-punch injection pump for a common rail fuel injection system
DE10138362 2001-08-04
PCT/DE2002/001237 WO2002081920A1 (en) 2001-04-06 2002-04-05 Single-plunger injection pump for a common rail fuel injection system

Publications (2)

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EP1379784A1 true EP1379784A1 (en) 2004-01-14
EP1379784B1 EP1379784B1 (en) 2008-03-05

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EP (1) EP1379784B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2004518901A (en)
CN (1) CN100420853C (en)
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WO (1) WO2002081920A1 (en)

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DE50211835D1 (en) 2008-04-17
CN100420853C (en) 2008-09-24
US20040013538A1 (en) 2004-01-22
JP2004518901A (en) 2004-06-24
US6874474B2 (en) 2005-04-05
WO2002081920A1 (en) 2002-10-17
CN1460154A (en) 2003-12-03
EP1379784B1 (en) 2008-03-05

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