EP1379341B1 - Method of manufacturing a closed profile - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing a closed profile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1379341B1
EP1379341B1 EP01967907A EP01967907A EP1379341B1 EP 1379341 B1 EP1379341 B1 EP 1379341B1 EP 01967907 A EP01967907 A EP 01967907A EP 01967907 A EP01967907 A EP 01967907A EP 1379341 B1 EP1379341 B1 EP 1379341B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
profile
forming operation
yield point
temperature
closed profile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01967907A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1379341A1 (en
EP1379341B8 (en
Inventor
Leif Carlsson
Hans Groth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Outokumpu Stainless AB
Original Assignee
AvestaPolarit AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AvestaPolarit AB filed Critical AvestaPolarit AB
Publication of EP1379341A1 publication Critical patent/EP1379341A1/en
Publication of EP1379341B1 publication Critical patent/EP1379341B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1379341B8 publication Critical patent/EP1379341B8/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/08—Making tubes with welded or soldered seams
    • B21C37/0803—Making tubes with welded or soldered seams the tubes having a special shape, e.g. polygonal tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/065—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes starting from a specific blank, e.g. tailored blank
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/10—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars
    • C21D7/12—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars by expanding tubular bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/10—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
    • C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a closed profile, for example in the form of a pipe in a profile structure.
  • US 4 649 728 shows integral joint forming of work-hardenable high alloy tubing.
  • a pre-form tube is cold forged or cold rolled from the outside using a counterstay within the tube in order to increase the strength along substantially its entire length and substantially uniformly.
  • a profile material is not chosen or the manufacturing process is not controlled so that you achieve any substantial strategical variations in thickness of the material of the final product.
  • a profile material is not chosen or the manufacturing process is not controlled so that you achieve any substantial strategical variations in thickness of the material of the final product.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a closed profile in a profile structure, for example a pipe that is constituted by iron and alloyed to provide a strong strain hardening during plastic cold forming in combination with maintaining a good ductility of the alloy at the same time as the pipe achieves a yield point of above 1000 MPa as the final product.
  • a closed profile is manufactured according to a method through hydroforming and/or mechanical treatment of the same, to provide a strategically varying wall thickness axially and/or in the cross-section of the profile.
  • a method and device for manufacturing a closed profile in a profile structure and a closed profile manufactured according to the method have now been provided that in an excellent manner fulfil their purposes at the same time as the manufacture can take place very rationally and at low cost.
  • the profile which is manufactured according to the invention, with varying wall thickness and/or diameter the weight of the profile can be reduced to more than half the weight of profiles in previously known construction solutions. Examples of such solutions may be different girders and frame structures in cars and other means of conveyance and also other components where closed profiles, for example in the form of pipes, may be incorporated.
  • the closed profile is constituted for example in the form of a pipe that is manufactured from a metal material of iron, which is alloyed with chromium, nickel and carbon in predetermined proportions.
  • the iron is alloyed with 17% chromium, 7% nickel and 0,1% carbon, wherein a strong strain hardening is obtained when plastically cold forming the profile in combination with maintaining a good ductility of the alloy.
  • the alloyed metal material forming the profile is formed through hydroforming and/or through expanding preferably by means of a mandrel with a cylindrical or other shape or through shrinking through axial elongation by pulling with or without a matrix, in order to increase the yield point of the metal material from an original, low yield point of about 300 MPa to a final product that completely or partially obtains a yield point of more than about 1000 MPa.
  • a closed profile in which a closed profile is manufactured with varying diameter
  • the pipe is expanded along half its length to a diameter of 60 mm, wherein the wall thickness of the pipe is decreased to about 1.5 mm along said half of the pipe and the yield point of the pipe can be increased to 1000 MPa or more at the same time as the other half of the pipe is left untreated.
  • the wall thickness and/or the circumference of the final closed profile may also be varied axially by applying two or more profiles partially into each other with the short profile external on the longer profile.
  • the wall thickness and/or the circumference may be varied further after the forming of the closed profile by using welding to join so called starting profiles with walls of different thickness and/or with different diameters.
  • the wall thickness may be varied in the same cross-section, so that the material will be strategically placed just over the areas where an expected maximum strain may take place.
  • As starting material for the closed profile according to the invention a metal material of the above-mentioned alloy having low strength is used.
  • the material in the profile is cooled to or is kept at a controlled temperature before and during the forming operation to achieve a controlled, maximal strength independently of the degree of deformation during the forming operation.
  • the temperature that the material is cooled to or the temperature that is maintained during the forming operation is -196° ⁇ T ⁇ 70°C.
  • the final product is cooled to or is kept at a controlled temperature for achieving a controlled maximal strength independently of the degree of deformation during the forming operation.
  • the temperature that the final product is cooled to or the temperature that is maintained during a limited time after the forming operation is -196° ⁇ T ⁇ 70°C.
  • the profile described in the application intended to be incorporated in a current profile structure may be constituted by any closed profile design intended to be incorporated in the current profile structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and device for manufacturing a closed profile in a profile structure and a closed profile manufactured according to the method. The closed profile used and constituted by a metal material of iron, alloyed with chromium, nickel and carbon in predetermined proportions is plastically formed, wherein a strong strain hardening of the closed profile is obtained.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a closed profile, for example in the form of a pipe in a profile structure.
  • When manufacturing profile structures, where the cross-section and/or shape of the profile or the pipe have been changed, you usually start from materials preferably of steel or aluminium with good forming properties. During the forming operation a certain strain hardening is achieved but this is not the crucial reason for the choice of forming method or the structural form of the product.
  • US 4 649 728 shows integral joint forming of work-hardenable high alloy tubing. A pre-form tube is cold forged or cold rolled from the outside using a counterstay within the tube in order to increase the strength along substantially its entire length and substantially uniformly.
  • Furthermore, a profile material is not chosen or the manufacturing process is not controlled so that you achieve any substantial strategical variations in thickness of the material of the final product. By starting from a profile having an even wall thickness you often will use considerably more material as compared to a structure that is optimised in weight.
  • The object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a closed profile in a profile structure, for example a pipe that is constituted by iron and alloyed to provide a strong strain hardening during plastic cold forming in combination with maintaining a good ductility of the alloy at the same time as the pipe achieves a yield point of above 1000 MPa as the final product. Another object of the invention is that the closed profile is manufactured according to a method through hydroforming and/or mechanical treatment of the same, to provide a strategically varying wall thickness axially and/or in the cross-section of the profile. The characterising features of the invention are stated in claim 1.
  • Thanks to the invention a method and device for manufacturing a closed profile in a profile structure and a closed profile manufactured according to the method have now been provided that in an excellent manner fulfil their purposes at the same time as the manufacture can take place very rationally and at low cost. By forming the profile, which is manufactured according to the invention, with varying wall thickness and/or diameter the weight of the profile can be reduced to more than half the weight of profiles in previously known construction solutions. Examples of such solutions may be different girders and frame structures in cars and other means of conveyance and also other components where closed profiles, for example in the form of pipes, may be incorporated.
  • The invention is described in more detail below with the aid of the following embodiments.
  • According to the invention the closed profile is constituted for example in the form of a pipe that is manufactured from a metal material of iron, which is alloyed with chromium, nickel and carbon in predetermined proportions. In the example chosen the iron is alloyed with 17% chromium, 7% nickel and 0,1% carbon, wherein a strong strain hardening is obtained when plastically cold forming the profile in combination with maintaining a good ductility of the alloy. The alloyed metal material forming the profile is formed through hydroforming and/or through expanding preferably by means of a mandrel with a cylindrical or other shape or through shrinking through axial elongation by pulling with or without a matrix, in order to increase the yield point of the metal material from an original, low yield point of about 300 MPa to a final product that completely or partially obtains a yield point of more than about 1000 MPa.
  • In an embodiment according to the invention in which a closed profile is manufactured with varying diameter you start for example from a pipe of the kind above-mentioned having a diameter of 40 mm, a wall thickness of 2 mm and a yield point of 300 MPa. By means of a mandrel or internal liquid pressure the pipe is expanded along half its length to a diameter of 60 mm, wherein the wall thickness of the pipe is decreased to about 1.5 mm along said half of the pipe and the yield point of the pipe can be increased to 1000 MPa or more at the same time as the other half of the pipe is left untreated. Then a pulling force is applied on the ends of the pipe, wherein the half that still has a diameter of 40 mm, a wall thickness of 2 mm and a yield point of 300 MPa is extended under a certain reduction in diameter until the wall thickness has been reduced to about 1.5 mm and the yield point has been increased to about the same level as in the other end of the pipe, and thereafter the process is interrupted.
  • The wall thickness and/or the circumference of the final closed profile may also be varied axially by applying two or more profiles partially into each other with the short profile external on the longer profile. The wall thickness and/or the circumference may be varied further after the forming of the closed profile by using welding to join so called starting profiles with walls of different thickness and/or with different diameters. To optimise the strength of the profile the wall thickness may be varied in the same cross-section, so that the material will be strategically placed just over the areas where an expected maximum strain may take place. As an alternative you may combine a heavily strain hardening alloy with other alloys to provide the final product certain strength characteristics and/or cost optimisation. As starting material for the closed profile according to the invention a metal material of the above-mentioned alloy having low strength is used.
  • According to an embodiment of the invention the material in the profile is cooled to or is kept at a controlled temperature before and during the forming operation to achieve a controlled, maximal strength independently of the degree of deformation during the forming operation. For example, the temperature that the material is cooled to or the temperature that is maintained during the forming operation is -196° ≤ T ≤ 70°C.
  • According to another embodiment the final product is cooled to or is kept at a controlled temperature for achieving a controlled maximal strength independently of the degree of deformation during the forming operation. For example, the temperature that the final product is cooled to or the temperature that is maintained during a limited time after the forming operation is -196° ≤ T ≤ 70°C.
  • Alternatively, the profile described in the application intended to be incorporated in a current profile structure may be constituted by any closed profile design intended to be incorporated in the current profile structure.

Claims (9)

  1. A method of manufacturing a closed profile at which the initial metal work piece used is constituted of iron, alloyed with chromium, nickel and carbon in predetermined proportions and then plastically cold working the closed profile, characterized by cold working through hydroforming and/or through expanding, preferably by means of a mandrel with a suitable shape, or through shrinking through axial elongation by pulling with or without a matrix to increase the yield point of the metal material from an original low yield point to a final product that completely or partially obtains a high yield point.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal material of iron in the form of the closed profile, which is plastically worked, is alloyed with 17% chromium, 7% nickel and 0.1% carbon.
  3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the original low yield point amounts to about 300 MPa and the high yield point is preferably equal to or amounts to more than 1000 MPa.
  4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness of the final closed profile is varied axially by applying two or more profiles partially into each other with the shorter profiles external on the longer profiles, by joining profiles having different wall thickness and/or different diameter through welding before the forming operation, or by varying the wall thickness in the same cross-section to achieve a strategic position of the profiled material and optimisation of the strength.
  5. A method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the strength of the final profile is varied in different portions of the profile by partially more or less extending the material.
  6. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material in the profile is cooled to or is kept at a controlled temperature before and during the forming operation to achieve a controlled, maximal strength independently of the degree of deformation during the forming operation.
  7. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature that the material is cooled to or the temperature that is maintained during the forming operation is -196° ≤ T ≤ 70°C.
  8. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the final product is cooled to or is kept at a controlled temperature for achieving a controlled maximal strength independently of the degree of deformation during the forming operation.
  9. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the temperature at which the final product is cooled or the temperature that is maintained during a limited time after the forming operation is -196° ≤ T ≤ 70°C.
EP01967907A 2000-10-10 2001-09-19 Method of manufacturing a closed profile Expired - Lifetime EP1379341B8 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0003655 2000-10-10
SE0003655A SE0003655D0 (en) 2000-10-10 2000-10-10 Method and apparatus for manufacturing a single tube structure comprising tubes and a tube manufactured in accordance with the method
PCT/SE2001/002005 WO2002030585A1 (en) 2000-10-10 2001-09-19 A method and a device for manufacturing of a closed profile and a profile manufactured according to said method

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1379341A1 EP1379341A1 (en) 2004-01-14
EP1379341B1 true EP1379341B1 (en) 2006-01-25
EP1379341B8 EP1379341B8 (en) 2006-05-03

Family

ID=20281361

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01967907A Expired - Lifetime EP1379341B8 (en) 2000-10-10 2001-09-19 Method of manufacturing a closed profile

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20040031309A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1379341B8 (en)
AT (1) ATE316428T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001288189A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60116885T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2257439T3 (en)
SE (1) SE0003655D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2002030585A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10214473A1 (en) * 2002-03-30 2003-10-23 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Cross member between two lateral edge areas of a vehicle door
TW201919788A (en) * 2017-08-01 2019-06-01 美商Ａｋ鋼鐵資產公司 Manufacturing ultra-high strength load bearing parts using high strength/low initial yield steels through tubular hydroforming process

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0924312A1 (en) * 1997-06-26 1999-06-23 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Ultrafine-grain steel pipe and process for manufacturing the same

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2762326A (en) * 1954-12-28 1956-09-11 Keystone Brass Works Inc Method for forming t-fitting
US3093519A (en) * 1961-01-03 1963-06-11 Int Nickel Co Age-hardenable, martensitic iron-base alloys
FR2369027A1 (en) * 1976-10-29 1978-05-26 Tubes Cie Indle Cale TUBULAR PART OF WHICH DIAMETERS AND THICKNESSES ARE NOT CONSTANT THROUGHOUT THEIR LENGTH
JPS5669359A (en) * 1979-10-16 1981-06-10 Kobe Steel Ltd Composite structure type high strength cold rolled steel sheet
US4567743A (en) * 1985-03-19 1986-02-04 Standard Tube Canada Inc. Method of forming box-section frame members
US4649728A (en) * 1985-04-23 1987-03-17 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Integral joint forming of work-hardenable high alloy tubing
EP0411515B1 (en) * 1989-07-31 1993-09-08 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha High strength heat-resistant low alloy steels
US5481892A (en) * 1989-08-24 1996-01-09 Roper; Ralph E. Apparatus and method for forming a tubular member
US5333775A (en) * 1993-04-16 1994-08-02 General Motors Corporation Hydroforming of compound tubes
DE19510299A1 (en) * 1995-03-22 1996-09-26 Porsche Ag Frame for motor vehicles
US5522246A (en) * 1995-04-19 1996-06-04 U.S. Manufacturing Corporation Process for forming light-weight tublar axles
US6484384B1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2002-11-26 Spicer Driveshaft, Inc. Method of manufacturing an axially collapsible driveshaft assembly
US6609301B1 (en) * 1999-09-08 2003-08-26 Magna International Inc. Reinforced hydroformed members and methods of making the same

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0924312A1 (en) * 1997-06-26 1999-06-23 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Ultrafine-grain steel pipe and process for manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE316428T1 (en) 2006-02-15
US20040031309A1 (en) 2004-02-19
SE0003655D0 (en) 2000-10-10
EP1379341A1 (en) 2004-01-14
DE60116885D1 (en) 2006-04-13
WO2002030585A1 (en) 2002-04-18
EP1379341B8 (en) 2006-05-03
AU2001288189A1 (en) 2002-04-22
ES2257439T3 (en) 2006-08-01
DE60116885T2 (en) 2006-09-14

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