EP1378648B1 - Bearing support for a crank shaft of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Bearing support for a crank shaft of an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1378648B1 EP1378648B1 EP20020100768 EP02100768A EP1378648B1 EP 1378648 B1 EP1378648 B1 EP 1378648B1 EP 20020100768 EP20020100768 EP 20020100768 EP 02100768 A EP02100768 A EP 02100768A EP 1378648 B1 EP1378648 B1 EP 1378648B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bearing
- cylinder block
- block
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F7/0043—Arrangements of mechanical drive elements
- F02F7/0053—Crankshaft bearings fitted in the crankcase
Definitions
- the invention relates to a bearing block for a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular in a series or V arrangement.
- the originating from the applicant EP 1 207 293 deals with a camp chair, in which an oil gallery on the side facing away from the bearing caps and this is arranged approximately opposite.
- the EP 1 207 293 shows a bearing block for a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine with bearing caps for the crankshaft. Bearing bearing surfaces are formed between bearing caps and bearing block.
- the bearing caps are mounted on the cylinder block facing side of the bearing block.
- the bearing block has a surface for mounting the bearing block on the internal combustion engine, the surface surrounding the bearing caps.
- the bearing cover abutment surfaces are arranged elevated relative to the surrounding surface.
- a bearing block for a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine which is screwed from below against the cylinder block.
- the bearing block forms the lower half of the holes for the crankshaft bearings, while the upper half is formed by bearing caps, which screwed onto the bearing block become.
- Bearing bearing surfaces are formed between the bearing block and the bearing cap.
- the bearing caps are bolted to the cylinder block facing side with the bearing block. Outside the mounting area of the bearing cap, a sealing surface is provided for mounting the bearing block on the internal combustion engine or on its cylinder block.
- the bolting of the bearing block to the cylinder block is carried out by means of cylinder block fixing screws, which are arranged both in the alignment lines of the bearing cap fixing screws and in the cylinder center planes. On the one hand, this leads to a complicated shaping of the bearing block or of the cylinder block, on the other hand, the reception, in particular of the lateral components of the gas force, can still be improved.
- crankshaft bearing cap with the cylinder block outer surfaces in order to better absorb the system stiffness and the resulting lateral gas forces. This arrangement also serves to reduce the vibrations transmitted by the gas forces via the crankshaft to the bearing blocks.
- a bearing block for a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine which has bearing caps for the crankshaft, on which bearing cover contact surfaces are formed towards the bearing block and which are mounted on the cylinder block facing side of the bearing block, wherein the bearing block has a surface for mounting on the internal combustion engine, which surrounds the bearing cap, is provided to arrange the bearing cap contact surfaces increased relative to the surface surrounding the bearing cap.
- the cast bearing caps are then deliberately broken at corresponding notched points, so that the fracture surfaces after machining the bearing bore and installation of the crankshaft form the Lagerdeckelstrom vom on the bearing block.
- Said arrangement offer further advantages, such as. B. the cylinder bores are processed from above and below and in the production of the cylinder block only a casting core is required because no undercuts caused by the crankshaft bearing bridges. In this arrangement, the cylinder block is usually pulled down so far that it has a sealing surface to the oil pan.
- the bearing cap holes for the cylinder block mounting screws so that the transition shoulder between Lagerdeckelstrom matters and surrounding surface migrates to the outside and thus the transitional shoulder between the said area is located further out.
- the separate bearing cap mounting screws may be omitted and the bearing caps are also held by the cylinder block mounting screws.
- the surrounding surface of the bearing block is designed as a sealing surface to the cylinder block.
- the sealing surface to the oil pan is arranged in this embodiment on the underside of the bearing block. This arrangement offers assembly advantages especially for small internal combustion engines and increases the overall rigidity of the system.
- the cylinder head fixing screws are performed by the cylinder block and bolted directly to the cylinder head. This offers the advantage that the cylinder block is no longer subjected to train and pressure but only to pressure. In addition, no separate cylinder head bolts are required.
- FIG. 1 An example of an internal combustion engine in a series arrangement is explained with reference to the schematic illustration (FIG. 1).
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a section passing through the center of a bearing cap attachment, according to the prior art.
- the internal combustion engine 1 consists in a known manner from a bearing block 2, the cylinder block 3 and the cylinder head 4. Oil pan 7 and cylinder head cover 8 are also executed only schematically.
- bearing cap 5 On the bearing block 2 bearing cap 5 are screwed by means of bearing cap fixing screws 51. Between bearing block 2 and the bearing caps 5, the holes 52 are provided for the crankshaft bearing (main bearing). In about the lower half of the bearing bore 52 is thus in the bearing block, while the upper half is mounted in the bearing cap. Between bearing block 2 and bearing cap 5, the bearing cap contact surfaces 53 are formed. These may be mechanically machined surfaces or - in the case of bearing caps 5 cast during the manufacture of the bearing block 2 - fracture surfaces.
- crankshaft bearing bearing cap fixing screws 51 are arranged approximately symmetrically to the bore.
- the connection between the cylinder block 3 and bearing block 2 by means of fastening screws 6 (cylinder block fixing screws), which preferably extend through the holes 9, 10 in the bearing block 2 and in the cylinder block 3 and in the cylinder head 4 into this.
- a sealing surface 54 is provided for mounting the bearing block on the cylinder block to the cylinder block 3. This sealing surface 54 extends from the outer wall 55 of the bearing block in Direction of the bore 52 for the crankshaft bearing approximately perpendicular to the cylinder block mounting screws 6 preferably over these receiving holes 9, 10.
- the bearing cover abutment surfaces 53 is formed relative to the sealing surface 54 is closer to the cylinder head 4 than the sealing surface 54, is inevitable form a transition shoulder between bearing cap contact surfaces 53 and sealing surface 54. Since the sealing surface 54 in the embodiment shown here extends over the bore 9, 10 of the fastening screws 6 in the direction of the crankshaft bearing bore 52, the transition shoulder between the bearing cover abutment surfaces 53 and the sealing surface 54 between the bearing cap fixing screws 51 and the cylinder block mounting screws 6 is arranged. In this way, the transition shoulder can be formed on one or more of the bearing cap 5 as a lateral guide approximately perpendicular to the sealing surface 54 between the bearing block 2 and cylinder block 3.
- the transition shoulder between the sealing surface 54 and bearing cap contact surface 53 between holes for the cylinder block mounting screws 6 and bearing shell outer wall 55 may be formed.
- the mating surfaces formed on the transition shoulder between the bearing cap contact surface 53 and the sealing surface 54 are preferably aligned.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Lagerstuhl für eine Kurbelwelle einer Brennkraftmaschine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, insbesondere in Reihen- oder V-Anordnung.The invention relates to a bearing block for a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular in a series or V arrangement.
Bei einer Brennkraftmaschine entstehen durch Verbrennung in bekannter Weise eine Gaskraft. Zwischen Kurbelwelle bzw. deren Lagerung und Zylinderkopf muß die Gaskraft aufgenommen werden. Diese wirkt auf die Kurbelwelle über die Kolben und die Pleuelstangen ein und entfaltet Kraftkomponenten an der Kurbelwelle, die sowohl nach unten als auch seitwärts gerichtet sein können. Die sichere und dauerhafte Aufnahme dieser Gaskräfte ist mitbestimmend für die Effizienz der Brennkraftmaschine und deren Haltbarkeit. Eine Möglichkeit zur Optimierung ist die Verwendung eines Lagerstuhls, der von unten gegen den Zylinderblock geschraubt wird und der aufgrund einer geeigneten Rahmenkonstruktion zur Versteifung der Brennkraftmaschine führt.In an internal combustion engine caused by combustion in a known manner, a gas force. Between the crankshaft or its bearing and cylinder head, the gas power must be absorbed. This acts on the crankshaft via the pistons and the connecting rods and develops force components on the crankshaft which can be directed both downwards and sideways. The safe and permanent absorption of these gas forces is decisive for the efficiency of the internal combustion engine and their durability. One possibility for optimization is the use of a bearing chair, which is screwed from below against the cylinder block and which leads due to a suitable frame construction for stiffening of the internal combustion engine.
Die auf den Anmelder zurückgehende
Aus
Bekannt ist es auch den Kurbelwellenlagerdeckel mit den Zylinderblockaußenflächen zu verschrauben, um die Systemsteifigkeit und die entstehenden seitlichen Gaskräfte besser aufnehmen zu können. Diese Anordnung dient auch dazu die durch die Gaskräfte über die Kurbelwelle auf die Lagerstühle übertragenen Schwingungen zu reduzieren.It is also known to screw the crankshaft bearing cap with the cylinder block outer surfaces in order to better absorb the system stiffness and the resulting lateral gas forces. This arrangement also serves to reduce the vibrations transmitted by the gas forces via the crankshaft to the bearing blocks.
Eine verbesserte Aufnahme der Gaskraft insbesondere von deren seitlichen Komponenten sowie eine fertigungstechnische Vereinfachung war Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Erfindung.Improved uptake of the gas power, in particular of its lateral components, as well as a production-related simplification was the objective of the present invention.
Diese Aufgabe wird von einem Lagerstuhl mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a bearing block with the features of claim 1.
Ausgehend von einem Lagerstuhl für eine Kurbelwelle einer Brennkraftmaschine, der Lagerdeckel für die Kurbelwelle aufweist, an denen Lagerdeckelanlageflächen zum Lagerstuhl hin ausgebildet sind und die an der dem Zylinderblock zugewandten Seite des Lagerstuhls angebracht sind, wobei der Lagerstuhl eine Fläche zur Montage an der Brennkraftmaschine aufweist, welche die Lagerdeckel umgibt, ist vorgesehen, die Lagerdeckelanlageflächen gegenüber der die Lagerdeckel umgebenden Fläche erhöht anzuordnen. Dadurch ergibt sich zwangsläufig, daß zwischen den Lagerdeckelanlageflächen und der umgebenden Fläche eine Übergangsschulter ausgebildet sein muß. Hierdurch tritt eine Versteifung des Lagerstuhls ein. Außerdem führt dies dazu, daß die Lagerdeckel bei der Herstellung des Lagerstuhls mit angegossen werden können. Die angegossenen Lagerdeckel werden dann gezielt an entsprechend gekerbten Stellen gebrochen, so daß die Bruchflächen nach der Bearbeitung der Lagerbohrung und Einbau der Kurbelwelle die Lagerdeckelanlageflächen am Lagerstuhl bilden. Die genannte Anordnung bieten weitere Vorteile, so können z. B. die Zylinderbohrungen von oben und unten bearbeitet werden und bei der Herstellung des Zylinderblockes ist nur noch ein Gußkern erforderlich, da keine Hinterschneidungen mehr durch die Kurbelwellenlagerbrücken entstehen. Bei dieser Anordnung wird in der Regel der Zylinderblock so weit heruntergezogen, daß er eine Dichtfläche zur Ölwanne ausweist.Starting from a bearing block for a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, which has bearing caps for the crankshaft, on which bearing cover contact surfaces are formed towards the bearing block and which are mounted on the cylinder block facing side of the bearing block, wherein the bearing block has a surface for mounting on the internal combustion engine, which surrounds the bearing cap, is provided to arrange the bearing cap contact surfaces increased relative to the surface surrounding the bearing cap. This inevitably results in a transition shoulder between the bearing cap contact surfaces and the surrounding surface must be trained. As a result, a stiffening of the bearing block occurs. In addition, this leads to the fact that the bearing caps can be molded in the manufacture of the bearing chair with. The cast bearing caps are then deliberately broken at corresponding notched points, so that the fracture surfaces after machining the bearing bore and installation of the crankshaft form the Lagerdeckelanlageflächen on the bearing block. Said arrangement offer further advantages, such as. B. the cylinder bores are processed from above and below and in the production of the cylinder block only a casting core is required because no undercuts caused by the crankshaft bearing bridges. In this arrangement, the cylinder block is usually pulled down so far that it has a sealing surface to the oil pan.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weisen die Lagerdeckel Bohrungen für die Zylinderblockbefestigungsschrauben auf, so daß die Übergangsschulter zwischen Lagerdeckelanlagefläche und umgebender Fläche nach außen wandert und somit auch die Übergangsschulter zwischen den genannten Fläche weiter außen liegt. Bei dieser Anordnung können unter Umständen die separaten Lagerdeckelbefestigungsschrauben entfallen und die Lagerdeckel werden auch von den Zylinderblockbefestigungsschrauben gehalten.In the inventive embodiment of the invention, the bearing cap holes for the cylinder block mounting screws, so that the transition shoulder between Lagerdeckelanlagefläche and surrounding surface migrates to the outside and thus the transitional shoulder between the said area is located further out. In this arrangement, the separate bearing cap mounting screws may be omitted and the bearing caps are also held by the cylinder block mounting screws.
Bei einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die umgebende Fläche des Lagerstuhls als Dichtfläche zum Zylinderblock ausgebildet. Die Dichtfläche zur Ölwanne wird bei dieser Ausgestaltung an der Unterseite des Lagerstuhls angeordnet. Diese Anordnung bietet insbesondere bei kleinen Brennkraftmaschinen Montagevorteile und erhöht die Gesamtsteifigkeit des Systems.In a further embodiment of the invention, the surrounding surface of the bearing block is designed as a sealing surface to the cylinder block. The sealing surface to the oil pan is arranged in this embodiment on the underside of the bearing block. This arrangement offers assembly advantages especially for small internal combustion engines and increases the overall rigidity of the system.
Dadurch, daß die Lagerdeckelanlageflächen gegenüber der umgebenden Fläche zwischen Lagerstuhl und Zylinderblock erhöht ausgebildet, also gegenüber dieser näher am Zylinder liegen und demzufolge eine Übergangsschulter zwischen Lagerdeckelanlagefläche und umgebender Fläche vorgesehen sein muß, ergibt sich außerdem die Möglichkeit, diese Übergangsschulter als seitliche Paßfläche (senkrecht zur umgebenden Fläche) zwischen Zylinderblock und Lagerstuhl auszubilden. Dies führt zu einer weiter verbesserten Aufnahme der seitlichen Komponenten der Gaskraft.The fact that the Lagerdeckelanlageflächen formed increased compared to the surrounding area between the bearing block and cylinder block, so compared to this closer to the cylinder and therefore a transition shoulder between Lagerdeckelanlagefläche and surrounding surface must be provided, there is also the possibility of this transition shoulder as a lateral mating surface (perpendicular to surrounding area) between cylinder block and bearing block train. This leads to a further improved absorption of the lateral components of the gas power.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden die Zylinderkopfbefestigungsschrauben durch den Zylinderblock durchgeführt und direkt mit dem Zylinderkopf verschraubt. Dies bietet den Vorteil, daß der Zylinderblock nicht mehr auf Zug und Druck sondern nur noch auf Druck beansprucht wird. Außerdem sind keine separaten Zylinderkopfschrauben mehr erforderlich.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cylinder head fixing screws are performed by the cylinder block and bolted directly to the cylinder head. This offers the advantage that the cylinder block is no longer subjected to train and pressure but only to pressure. In addition, no separate cylinder head bolts are required.
Ein Beispiel einer Brennkraftmaschine in Reihenanordnung wird anhand der schematischen Abbildung (Fig. 1) erläutert.An example of an internal combustion engine in a series arrangement is explained with reference to the schematic illustration (FIG. 1).
Die Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen Schnitt, der durch die Mitte einer Lagerdeckelbefestigung verläuft, gemäß dem Stand der Technik.Fig. 1 shows schematically a section passing through the center of a bearing cap attachment, according to the prior art.
Die Brennkraftmaschine 1 besteht in bekannter Weise aus einem Lagerstuhl 2, dem Zylinderblock 3 und dem Zylinderkopf 4. Ölwanne 7 sowie Zylinderkopfabdeckung 8 sind ebenfalls nur schematisch ausgeführt. Auf dem Lagerstuhl 2 sind Lagerdeckel 5 mittels Lagerdeckelbefestigungsschrauben 51 aufgeschraubt. Zwischen Lagerstuhl 2 und den Lagerdeckeln 5 sind die Bohrungen 52 für die Kurbelwellenlager (Hauptlager) vorgesehen. In etwa die untere Hälfte der Lagerbohrung 52 ist also im Lagerstuhl, während die obere Hälfte im Lagerdeckel angebracht ist. Zwischen Lagerstuhl 2 und Lagerdeckel 5 sind die Lagerdeckelanlageflächen 53 ausgebildet. Dabei kann es sich um mechanisch bearbeitete Flächen oder - bei während der Herstellung des Lagerstuhls 2 angegossenen Lagerdeckeln 5 - um Bruchflächen handeln. Ausgehend von der Bohrung 52 für Kurbelwellenlager sind die Lagerdeckelbefestigungsschrauben 51 etwa symmetrisch zu der Bohrung angeordnet. Die Verbindung zwischen Zylinderblock 3 und Lagerstuhl 2 erfolgt mittels Befestigungsschrauben 6 (Zylinderblockbefestigungsschrauben), die bevorzugt durch die Bohrungen 9, 10 im Lagerstuhl 2 und im Zylinderblock 3 sowie im Zylinderkopf 4 bis in diesen hineinreichen. Am Lagerstuhl 2 ist zum Zylinderblock 3 hin eine Dichtfläche 54 zur Montage des Lagerstuhls am Zylinderblock vorgesehen. Diese Dichtfläche 54 erstreckt sich von der Außenwand 55 des Lagerstuhls in Richtung der Bohrung 52 für das Kurbelwellenlager etwa senkrecht zu den Zylinderblockbefestigungsschrauben 6 bevorzugt bis über die diese aufnehmenden Bohrungen 9, 10. Da die Lagerdeckelanlageflächen 53 gegenüber der Dichtfläche 54 erhöht ausgebildet ist, sich als näher am Zylinderkopf 4 befindet als die Dichtfläche 54, ist zwangsläufig eine Übergangsschulter zwischen Lagerdeckelanlageflächen 53 und Dichtfläche 54 auszubilden. Da sich die Dichtfläche 54 in der hier dargestellten Ausführung bis über die Bohrung 9, 10 der Befestigungsschrauben 6 in Richtung auf die Kurbelwellenlagerbohrung 52 erstreckt, ist die Übergangsschulter zwischen den Lagerdeckelanlageflächen 53 und der Dichtfläche 54 zwischen den Lagerdeckelbefestigungsschrauben 51 und den Zylinderblockbefestigungsschrauben 6 angeordnet. Hierdurch kann die Übergangsschulter an einem oder mehreren der Lagerdeckel 5 als seitliche Führung etwa senkrecht zur Dichtfläche 54 zwischen Lagerstuhl 2 und Zylinderblock 3 ausgebildet werden.The internal combustion engine 1 consists in a known manner from a
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung, bei der die Lagerdeckel 5 Durchgangsbohrungen für die Zylinderblockbefestigungsschrauben 6 aufweisen, sich also näher an die Außenwand des Lagerstuhls erstrecken, kann die Übergangsschulter zwischen Dichtfläche 54 und Lagerdeckelanlagefläche 53 auch zwischen Bohrungen für die Zylinderblockbefestigungsschrauben 6 und Lagerstuhlaußenwand 55 ausgebildet sein. In axialer Richtung sind die an der Übergangsschulter zwischen der Lagerdeckelanlagefläche 53 und Dichtfläche 54 gebildeten Paßflächen bevorzugt fluchtend ausgebildet.In the arrangement according to the invention, in which the
Claims (4)
- Bearing seat (2) for a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (1) with bearing covers (5) for the crankshaft, bearing cover bearing surfaces (53) being formed between the bearing covers (5) and the bearing seat (2), and the bearing covers (5) being mounted on that side of the bearing seat (2) which faces a cylinder block (3), and with a surface (54) for mounting the bearing seat (2) on the internal combustion engine (1), the surface (54) surrounding the bearing covers (5), wherein the bearing cover bearing surfaces (53) are arranged so as to be elevated in relation to the surrounding surface (54), characterized in that the bearing covers (5) have bores for a cylinder block fastening screw (6) which are provided, in turn, for mounting the bearing seat (2) on the cylinder block (3).
- Bearing seat (2) according to Claim 1,
characterized in that the surrounding surface (54) of the bearing seat (2) is designed as a sealing surface with respect to the cylinder block (3). - Bearing seat (2) according to Claims 1 or 2,
characterized in that the transition between the bearing cover bearing surfaces (53) and the surrounding surface (54) is designed as a lateral fitting surface. - Bearing seat (2) according to Claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the cylinder block fastening screws (6) are led through the cylinder block (3) and are screwed directly to the cylinder head (4).
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20020100768 EP1378648B1 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-01 | Bearing support for a crank shaft of an internal combustion engine |
| DE50211551T DE50211551D1 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-01 | Bearing for a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20020100768 EP1378648B1 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-01 | Bearing support for a crank shaft of an internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1378648A1 EP1378648A1 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
| EP1378648B1 true EP1378648B1 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
Family
ID=29719761
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20020100768 Expired - Fee Related EP1378648B1 (en) | 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-01 | Bearing support for a crank shaft of an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1378648B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE50211551D1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL7511971A (en) * | 1975-10-10 | 1977-04-13 | Stork Werkspoor Diesel Bv | SLIDING BEARING FOR A COMBUSTION ENGINE AND AN ENGINE EQUIPPED WITH A SUCH BEARING. |
| DE29609950U1 (en) | 1996-06-05 | 1997-10-02 | Eisenwerk Brühl GmbH, 50321 Brühl | Engine block for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine |
| EP1207293B1 (en) * | 2000-11-07 | 2006-04-12 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Bearing support for an internal combustion engine |
| EP1205658B1 (en) * | 2000-11-07 | 2005-06-01 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Cylinder block for an internal combustion engine |
-
2002
- 2002-07-01 DE DE50211551T patent/DE50211551D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-01 EP EP20020100768 patent/EP1378648B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50211551D1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
| EP1378648A1 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
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