EP1375169B1 - Druckvorrichtung und Steuerungsverfahren dafür - Google Patents

Druckvorrichtung und Steuerungsverfahren dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1375169B1
EP1375169B1 EP20030076986 EP03076986A EP1375169B1 EP 1375169 B1 EP1375169 B1 EP 1375169B1 EP 20030076986 EP20030076986 EP 20030076986 EP 03076986 A EP03076986 A EP 03076986A EP 1375169 B1 EP1375169 B1 EP 1375169B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
image
discharging elements
printing
print head
scanning direction
Prior art date
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EP20030076986
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1375169A1 (de
Inventor
Henry Faken
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Canon Production Printing Netherlands BV
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Oce Technologies BV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
    • B41J2/2121—Ink jet for multi-colour printing characterised by dot size, e.g. combinations of printed dots of different diameter
    • B41J2/2125—Ink jet for multi-colour printing characterised by dot size, e.g. combinations of printed dots of different diameter by means of nozzle diameter selection

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to a printing device such as a printing or copying system employing print heads containing discharging elements, e.g. nozzles, for image-wise forming dots of a marking substance on an image-receiving member, where the marking substance is in fluid form when discharged.
  • a printing device such as a printing or copying system employing print heads containing discharging elements, e.g. nozzles, for image-wise forming dots of a marking substance on an image-receiving member, where the marking substance is in fluid form when discharged.
  • examples of such printing devices are inkjet printers and toner-jet printers.
  • inkjet printers Hereinafter reference will be made to inkjet printers.
  • Print heads employed in inkjet printers and the like usually each contain a plurality of nozzles arranged in (a) linear array(s) parallel to the propagation direction of the image-receiving member or in other words the sub scanning direction.
  • the nozzles usually are placed substantially equidistant. The distance between two contiguous nozzles defines the nozzle pitch.
  • the nozzles are controlled to image-wise discharge ink droplets on an image-receiving member such as to form columns of image dots of ink in relation to the linear arrays such that the printing pitch equals the nozzle pitch.
  • a matrix of image dots of ink, corresponding to a part of an image is subsequently formed by scanning the print heads across the image-receiving member, i.e. in the direction perpendicular to the propagation direction of the image-receiving member or in other words the main scanning direction.
  • the image-receiving member is displaced such as to enable the forming of the next matrix. This process may be repeated till the complete image is formed.
  • the print head contains N nozzles, which are arranged in (a) linear array(s) such that the nozzle pitch is an integer multiple of the printing pitch. Multiple printing stages, or so-called interlacing printing steps, are required to generate a complete image.
  • the print head and the image-receiving member are controlled such that in I printing steps, I being defined here as the nozzle pitch divided by the printing pitch, a complete image part is formed on the image-receiving member. After each printing step, the image-receiving member is displaced over a distance of N times the printing pitch.
  • the print head contains N nozzles, which are arranged in (a) linear array(s).
  • the print head is controlled such that only the nozzles corresponding to selected pixels of the image to be reproduced are image-wise activated.
  • an incomplete matrix of image dots is formed in a single printing stage, i.e. a horizontal scanning pass across the image-receiving member in one direction. Multiple passes are required to complete the matrix of image dots. In-between two passes the image-receiving member may be displaced in the sub scanning direction.
  • the so-called print mask contains the information about the number and sequence of printing stages and defines which nozzles need to be activated, or in other words contains the information defining for each printing stage which pixels will be rendered by which nozzles such that when all printing stages are completed, all the pixels are rendered.
  • Prior art print masks are usually configured such as to minimise the influence of random regional variations in dot size and positioning.
  • a print mask is associated with a printing mode. Selecting a printing mode enables the user to exchange image quality for productivity and vice versa dependent on his requirements. By selecting a printing mode also the nozzles on the print head which will be effectively used are determined as well as the displacement step in the sub scanning direction after each printing stage.
  • banding artefacts caused by the above-described regional variations in dot-size or positioning also very disturbing banding artefacts caused by so-called systematic variations in dot-size can arise in "interlace systems" and "multi-pass systems” as well as combinations thereof.
  • Systematic dot-size variations are caused by differences in size of dots formed by different groups of nozzles. For instance, in a print head comprising two linear arrays of nozzles for the same colour, the first group of nozzles may constitute the first array of nozzles while the second group of nozzles constitutes the second array of nozzles.
  • nozzles of the first array When due to a small shift in the manufacturing process all nozzles of the first array are sized slightly different from the nozzles of the second array, systematic variations in dot-size can arise between droplets originating form nozzles of said first and second group.
  • a print head comprising a single linear array of nozzles for a particular colour wherein the nozzles are controlled such that first the even nozzles within the array, i.e. the first group of nozzles, are discharged and thereafter the uneven nozzles within the array. Again this may lead to a systematic dot-size variation which in case of a thermal or thermal-assisted inkjet printer may be caused by e.g.
  • a small temperature variation or in case of a piezoelectrical inkjet printer may be caused by e.g. mechanically induced cross-talk.
  • a further example is an inkjet printer comprising multiple print heads for a particular colour wherein the respective groups are constituted by the respective arrays of the respective print heads. In such a configuration, again e.g. small differences of nozzle sizes of nozzles groups each associated with a different print head may lead to systematic dot- size variations.
  • a printing device is disclosed as claimed in claims 1 to 6.
  • the printing device of fig.1 is an inkjet printer comprising a roller (1) for supporting an image-receiving member (2) and moving it along four print heads (3), each of a different process colour.
  • the roller is rotatable about its axis as indicated by arrow A.
  • a scanning carriage (4) carries the four print heads and can be moved in reciprocation in the main scanning direction, i.e. the direction indicated by the double arrow B, parallel to the roller (1), such as to enable scanning of the image-receiving member in the main scanning direction.
  • the image-receiving member can be a medium in web or in sheet form and may be composed of e.g. paper, cardboard, label stock, plastic or textile.
  • the image-receiving member can also be an intermediate member, endless or not.
  • endless members which can be moved cyclically, are a belt or a drum.
  • the carriage (4) is guided on rods (5) (6) and is driven by suitable means (not shown).
  • Each print head comprises a number of discharging elements (7) arranged in a single linear array parallel to the sub scanning direction. Four discharging elements per print head are depicted in the figure, however obviously in a practical embodiment typically several hundreds of discharging elements are provided per print head.
  • Each discharge element is connected via an ink duct to an ink reservoir of the corresponding colour.
  • Each ink duct is provided with means for activating the ink duct and an associated electrical drive circuit.
  • the ink duct may be activated thermally and/or piezoelectrically.
  • an ink drop is discharged form the discharge element in the direction of the roller (1) and forms a dot of ink on the image-receiving member.
  • a digital image is to be formed.
  • a digital image may be created by scanning an original using a scanner.
  • Digital still images may also be created by a camera or a video camera.
  • digital images generated by a scanner or a camera which are usually in a bitmap format or a compressed bitmap format also artificially created, e.g. by a computer program, digital images or documents may be offered to printing device.
  • the latter images can be in a vector format.
  • the latter images can also be in a structured format including but not limited to a page description language (PDL) format and an extensible markup language (XML) format.
  • PDL page description language
  • XML extensible markup language
  • Examples of a PDL format are PDF (Adobe), PostScript (Adobe), and PCL (Hewlett-Packard).
  • the image processing system typically converts a digital image with known techniques into a series of bitmaps in the process colours of the printing device.
  • Each bitmap is a raster representation of a separation image of a process colour specifying for each pixel ("picture element") an image density value for said process colour.
  • the image density value is typically an 8-bit value which enables the use of 256 grey levels per process colour.
  • these 8-bit values are converted into a single-bit value specifying for each pixel whether or not an image dot of ink of the associated process colour is to be formed.
  • the image processing system may be incorporated in a computer which can be coupled by a network or any other interface to one or more printing devices. The image processing system may also be part of the printing device. By image-wise activating the ink ducts in relation to the pattern(s) of image pixels an image composed of ink dots can be formed on the image-receiving member.
  • a printing device as depicted in Figure 1 is used to reproduce a digital image.
  • each print head is provided with 15 discharging elements, i.e. nozzles, arranged in a single linear array.
  • the nozzles are positioned equidistant at a resolution of 150 npi (nozzles per inch). This means that the nozzle pitch or element pitch, being the distance between the centres of two adjacent nozzles is about 169.3 ⁇ m.
  • the user selects a particular printing mode enabling to reproduce a digital image at a printing resolution of 600 dpi (dots per inch) in both directions, or in other words, the printing pitch, i.e. the distance between the centres of two contiguous dots of ink both in the main scanning direction and in the sub scanning direction, is about 42.3 ⁇ m.
  • the print mode is such that all the available nozzles are selected.
  • the print mask associated with the selected printing mode as in figure 2a defines an interlacing system.
  • the print mask defines a sequence of four printing stages required to completely render the raster of image pixels. The sequence is such that during the first printing stage, labelled as 1 in fig.
  • each selected nozzle of a print head renders all the associated pixels in the main scanning direction.
  • each selected nozzle image-wise forms a complete line of image dots of ink in the main scanning direction.
  • the image-receiving member is displaced over a distance M, being an integer multiple of the printing pitch which is about 42.3 ⁇ m, such that in the second printing stage, labelled as 2 in fig.2a, pixel rows which are shifted one pixel with respect to the pixel rows rendered in the first printing stage are rendered.
  • M [(4 x m) ⁇ 1] x printing pitch, m being an integer number.
  • each selected nozzle image-wise forms a complete line of image dots of ink in the main scanning direction while in the sub scanning direction only every fourth pixel is rendered being shifted one pixel compared to the first printing stage.
  • the image-receiving member is again displaced over the distance M, such that in the third printing stage, labelled as 3 in fig.2a, pixel rows which are shifted two pixels with respect to the pixel rows rendered in the first printing stage are rendered.
  • each selected nozzle image-wise forms a complete line of image dots of ink in the main scanning direction while in the sub scanning direction only every fourth pixel is rendered being shifted two pixels compared to the first printing stage.
  • the image-receiving member is again displaced over the distance M, such that in the fourth printing stage, labelled as 4 in fig.2a, pixel rows, which are shifted three pixels with respect to the pixel rows rendered in the first printing stage, are rendered.
  • each selected nozzle image-wise forms a complete line of image dots of ink in the main scanning direction while in the sub scanning direction only every fourth pixel is rendered being shifted three pixels compared to the first printing stage.
  • at least a part of the raster of image pixels is completely rendered.
  • Fig.2c depicts a part of a matrix of ink dots formed in relation to a pattern of image pixels using the printing device of this comparative example and the print mask of Fig.2a.
  • the nozzle pitch of about 169.3 ⁇ m is indicated by the arrow D2.
  • the printing pitch in the main scanning direction of 42.3 ⁇ m is indicated by the arrow D3, while the printing pitch in the sub scanning direction of 42.3 ⁇ m is indicated by the arrow D1.
  • the distance M over which the print head is displaced after each printing stage is indicated by the arrow D4.
  • M equals 15 times the printing pitch D1 and is chosen such as to minimise regional banding artefacts.
  • the part of the matrix displayed in fig.2c contains an arbitrary subset of rows and columns of image dots formed by a single print head of a particular colour in relation to the associated part of the raster of image pixels of said colour.
  • the nozzle number is indicated used to form the image dots of the associated row.
  • the dots formed during the first printing stage are represented by a blank circle, while for each of the other printing stages a representation with a specific fill pattern is chosen.
  • the 15 nozzles of the print head form image dots of ink of a different size on the image-receiving member.
  • the image dots formed by the second group of nozzles i.e. the even nozzles are smaller than the image dots formed by the first group of nozzles, i.e. the uneven nozzles.
  • a systematic banding artefact is clearly visible in the sub scanning direction in fig. 2c.
  • the banding artefact has a size of four times the print pitch.
  • an effective number of discharging elements N eff , N eff ⁇ N, and an optimum displacement distance, M, in the sub scanning direction is determined.
  • Fig.3b depicts a part of a matrix of ink dots formed in relation to the same pattern of image pixels as described in the comparative example 1.
  • the same printing device of this comparative example and the print mask of Fig.2a are used, but the print head is controlled such that only thirteen nozzles, i.e. the nozzles 2 to 14, can be image-wise activated.
  • the image-receiving member is displaced over a distance equal to 13 times the printing pitch.
  • the systematic banding artefact with a size of four times the print pitch, as in fig. 2c is less visible to the human eye due to the higher spatial frequency of the artefact.
  • the image quality is clearly improved with a limited effect on productivity using the same print mask.
  • a printing device as depicted in Figure 1 is used to reproduce a digital image.
  • each print head is provided with 99 discharging elements, i.e. nozzles, arranged in two staggered linear arrays.
  • the nozzles are positioned equidistant at a resolution of 150 npi (nozzles per inch). This means that the nozzle pitch or element pitch, being the distance D2 of fig.4 between the centres of two adjacent nozzles is about 169.3 ⁇ m.
  • a particular printing mode enabling to reproduce a digital image at a printing resolution of 600 dpi (dots per inch) in both directions using the same print mask as depicted in fig. 2a and previously described.
  • the print mask as depicted in fig.2a defines four printing stages, S, and that the ratio, p, between the element pitch and the printing pitch equals four.
  • an image dot pattern as indicated in Fig.4 is formed on the image-receiving member.
  • the dot-size of the image dots generated by the nozzles of the left array is different from the dot-size of the image dots generated by the nozzles of the right array.
  • an optimal effective number of nozzles, N eff S ⁇ [ ( ( n ⁇ q ) + 1 ) ⁇ ( p ⁇ d ) + f ]
  • S ⁇ M N eff ⁇ p ⁇ P
  • n is an integer number greater than or equal to 1
  • f ⁇ 1
  • q is the number of groups of nozzles yielding image dots with different sizes
  • q equals 2 as there are two groups of nozzles forming image dots of different size: the nozzles of the left array and the nozzles of the right array, d
  • the defect number equals 1 according to this example as subsequent printed dots in the sub scanning direction, printed in a single scan in the main scanning direction, are alternately formed by a nozzle of the left
  • an optimal effective number of nozzles, N eff S ⁇ [ ( ( n ⁇ q ) + 1 ) ⁇ ( p ⁇ d ) + f ]
  • S ⁇ M N eff ⁇ p ⁇ P
  • n is an integer number greater than or equal to 1
  • f ⁇ 1
  • q is the number of groups of nozzles yielding image dots with different sizes
  • q equals 2 as there are two groups of nozzles forming image dots of different size: the even nozzles of the respective arrays and the uneven nozzles of the respective arrays, d
  • the defect number equals 2 according to this example as subsequent printed dots in the sub scanning direction, printed in a single scan in the main scanning direction, are alternately formed by even nozzle
  • a printing device as depicted in Figure 1 is used to reproduce a digital image.
  • each print head is provided with 99 discharging elements, i.e. nozzles, arranged in a single linear array.
  • the nozzles are positioned equidistant at a resolution of 600 npi (nozzles per inch).
  • a particular printing mode is selected by the user enabling to reproduce a digital image at a printing resolution of 600 dpi (dots per inch) in both directions using the print mask as depicted in fig. 6a.
  • the print mask as depicted in fig.6a defines a "multi-pass" system with two printing stages, S, as depicted in fig. 6b.
  • an effective number of nozzles is determined and controlled such that only these nozzles are selectable an can be image-wise activated.

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  • Ink Jet (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Druckvorrichtung, aufweisend:
    wenigstens einen Druckkopf (3) zum bildweisen Bilden von Punkten einer Markierungssubstanz bei einer Punktdruckauflösung, P, auf einem Bildempfangselement (2) in Beziehung zu einem Muster von Bildpixeln, wobei der besagte Druckkopf eine Mehrzahl von N Ausstoßelementen (7) aufweist, welche in wenigstens einer linearen Reihe angeordnet sind, mit einem vorbestimmten Elementabstand beabstandet sind und aus wenigstens einer ersten Gruppe von Ausstoßelementen, die im Betrieb bildweise Punkte einer Markierungssubstanz einer ersten Größe bilden, und einer zweiten Gruppe von Ausstoßelementen, die im Betrieb bildweise Punkte einer Markierungssubstanz einer zweiten, sich von der ersten Größe unterscheidenden Größe auf dem besagten Bildempfangselement (2) bilden, bestehen,
    Verschiebemittel (1) zum Verschieben des besagten Bildempfangselements (2) in der Unterabtastrichtung;
    Auswahlmittel zum Auswählen einer Druckmaske, die eine Anzahl von S Druckstufen definiert, welche benötigt werden, um das besagte Muster von Bildpixeln vollständig wiederzugeben, wobei S eine ganze Zahl und mindestens 2 ist;
    Steuermittel zum Steuern der besagten Verschiebemittel (1) und zum Steuern der besagten Mehrzahl von N Ausstoßelementen (7);
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    im Betrieb das besagte Steuermittel, um die Sichtbarkeit von systematischen Streifenbildungsartefakten in der Unterabtastrichtung zu begrenzen, das besagte Verschiebemittel (1) so steuert, daß das besagte Bildempfangselement (2) um eine Strecke M verschoben wird, und eine wirksame Anzahl von Ausstoßelementen, Neff, der besagten Mehrzahl von N Ausstoßelementen (7) zur bildweisen Aktivierung auswählt, wobei Neff und M die folgenden Bedingungen erfüllen: N eff ≤ N ,
    Figure imgb0014
     p × N eff = S × [ ( ( n × q ) + 1 ) × ( p × d ) + f ] ,
    Figure imgb0015
     und S × M = N eff × p × P ,
    Figure imgb0016
    wobei
    n eine Ganzza-hl größer oder gleich 1 ist,
    q die Anzahl der besagten Gruppen von Ausstoßelementen ist,
    p das Verhältnis zwischen dem Elementabstand und dem Punktdruckabstand ist und eine Ganzzahl und wenigstens 1 ist,
    f gleich Null ist, falls p = 1, und sonst f eine Ganzzahl ungleich Null ist, welche als der minimale Versatz, ausgedrückt in der Anzahl der Positionen in der Druckmaske, zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Druckstufen, definiert ist.
    d die Fehlerzahl, definiert ist als die Anzahl der aufeinanderfolgenden gedruckten Bildpunkte in der Unterabtastrichtung, welche von derselben Gruppe von Ausstoßelementen stammen, wenn alle Durchgänge ausgeführt werden, die benötigt werden, um alle Pixel in der Hauptabtastrichtung wiederzugeben.
  2. Druckvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der besagte Druckkopf eine Breite hat, die größer oder gleich der Breite des Bildempfangselements ist.
  3. Druckvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, wobei der besagte Druckkopf eine Mehrzahl von N Ausstoßelementen aufweist, die in wenigstens einer ersten und einer zweiten linearen Reihe angeordnet sind.
  4. Druckvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, wobei die besagte erste lineare Reihe aus der besagten ersten Gruppe von Ausstoßelementen besteht, und die besagte zweite lineare Reihe aus der besagten zweiten Gruppe von Ausstoßelementen besteht.
  5. Druckvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, mit wenigstens einem ersten Druckkopf einer Farbe und wenigstens einem zweiten Druckkopf der besagten Farbe, die zusammen eine Mehrzahl von N Ausstoßelementen aufweisen, welche in wenigstens einer linearen Reihe an dem besagten ersten Druckkopf und wenigstens einer linearen Reihe an dem besagten zweiten Druckkopf angeordnet sind.
  6. Druckvorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Ausstoßelemente des besagten ersten Druckkopfes die besagte erste Gruppe bilden und die Ausstoßelemente des besagten zweiten Druckkopfes die besagte zweite Gruppe bilden.
  7. Verfahren zum bildweisen Bilden von Punkten einer Markierungssubstanz bei einer Punktdruckauflösung, P, auf einem Bildempfangselement (2) in Beziehung zu einem Muster von Bildpixeln mit einer Druckvorrichtung, die wenigstens einen Druckkopf (3) aufweist, wobei der besagte Druckkopf eine Mehrzahl von N Ausstoßelementen (7) aufweist, die in wenigstens einer linearen Reihe angeordnet sind, mit einem vorbestimmten Elementabstand beabstandet sind und aus wenigstens einer ersten Gruppe von Ausstoßelementen, die im Betrieb bildweise Punkte einer Markierungssubstanz einer ersten Größe bilden, und einer zweiten Gruppe von Ausstoßelementen, die im Betrieb bildweise Punkte einer Markierungssubstanz einer zweiten, sich von der besagten ersten Größe unterscheidenden Größe auf dem besagten Bildempfangselement (2) bilden, bestehen, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
    Auswählen einer Druckmaske, die eine Anzahl, S, und eine Reihenfolge von Druckstufen definiert, welche benötigt werden, um das besagte Muster von Bildpixeln vollständig wiederzugeben, wobei S eine Ganzzahl und mindestens 2 ist;
    bildweises Aktivieren, auf der Basis der besagten Druckmaske, von wenigstens einem Teil einer wirksamen Anzahl von Ausstoßelementen, Neff, Neff ≤ N; und
    diskontinuierliches Verschieben, auf der Basis der besagten Druckmaske, des besagten Bildempfangselements (2) in der Unterabtastrichtung um eine Strecke, M;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß,
    um die Sichtbarkeit von systematischen Streifenbildungsartefakten in der Unterabtastrichtung zu begrenzen, die besagte Strecke, M, bestimmt wird und die besagte wirksame Anzahl von Ausstoßelementen, Neff, aus der besagten Mehrzahl von N Ausstoßelementen (7) ausgewählt wird [auf der Basis des Unterschiedes zwischen der besagten ersten Größe und der besagten zweiten Größe, um die Sichtbarkeit von systematischen Streifenbildungsartefakten in der Unterabtastrichtung zu begrenzen], so daß die folgenden Bedingungen erfüllt sind: p × N eff = S × [ ( ( n × q ) + 1 ) × ( p × d ) + f ] ,
    Figure imgb0017
     und S × M = N eff × p × P ,
    Figure imgb0018
    wobei
    n eine Ganzzahl größer oder gleich 1 ist,
    q die Anzahl der besagten Gruppen von Ausstoßelementen ist,
    p das Verhältnis zwischen dem Elementabstand und dem Punktdruckabstand ist und eine Ganzzahl und mindestens 1 ist,
    f gleich Null ist, falls p = 1, und sonst f eine Ganzzahl ungleich Null ist, welche als der minimale Versatz, ausgedrückt in der Anzahl der Positionen in der Druckmaske, zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Druckstufen definiert ist.
    d, die Fehlerzahl, definiert ist als die Anzahl der aufeinanderfolgenden gedruckten Bildpunkte in der Unterabtastrichtung, die von derselben Gruppe von Ausstoßelementen stammen, wenn alle Durchgänge ausgeführt werden, die benötigt werden, um alle Pixel in der Hauptabtastrichtung wiederzugeben.
EP20030076986 2002-06-26 2003-06-23 Druckvorrichtung und Steuerungsverfahren dafür Expired - Lifetime EP1375169B1 (de)

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US7249815B2 (en) * 2004-01-30 2007-07-31 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Nozzle distribution

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JPH11208029A (ja) * 1998-01-21 1999-08-03 Seiko Epson Corp 印刷装置および印刷方法並びに記録媒体
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