EP1373706B1 - Injection valve - Google Patents

Injection valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1373706B1
EP1373706B1 EP02726068A EP02726068A EP1373706B1 EP 1373706 B1 EP1373706 B1 EP 1373706B1 EP 02726068 A EP02726068 A EP 02726068A EP 02726068 A EP02726068 A EP 02726068A EP 1373706 B1 EP1373706 B1 EP 1373706B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
piezoelectric actuator
supply pressure
injection
pressure
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EP02726068A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1373706A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes-Jörg Rueger
Wolfgang Stoecklein
Dietmar Schmieder
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F02M63/0036—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat with spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D41/2096—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an injection valve, in particular an injection valve for an internal combustion engine, according to the manner defined in detail in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a valve is known in practice. It is used in particular in conjunction with common rail accumulator injection systems for diesel internal combustion engines.
  • the injection valve is in this case constructed such that it consists of a so-called nozzle module, which comprises an injection nozzle controlled by means of a nozzle needle and is actuated by means of a so-called valve control module, which is designed like a valve.
  • the control of the nozzle module is such that the nozzle module comprises a valve control piston in operative connection with a valve control chamber, in which also the means of Injector is included in the combustion chamber to be injected fluid.
  • the position of the valve control piston and thus also the position of the valve control piston forming a structural unit nozzle needle changes.
  • the valve control module is designed like a valve. It therefore comprises a valve closure member.
  • this valve closing member acts via a so-called outlet throttle of the ruling in the valve control chamber of the nozzle module fluid pressure.
  • the actuation of the valve closing member is effected by means of a piezoelectric actuator, which usually acts on the valve closure member via a so-called actuating piston connected to the piezoelectric actuator, a hydraulic coupler and a so-called actuating piston connected to the valve closing member.
  • valve closing member Upon actuation of the piezoelectric actuator, the valve closing member is lifted from a cooperating with the same valve seat in such a valve control module, so that is reduced via the outlet throttle prevailing in the valve control chamber of the nozzle module pressure, whereby the injector opens.
  • the control of the piezoelectric actuator is usually carried out by means of a microprocessor, which specifies a certain An Kunststoffgradienten.
  • the drive gradient specifies, within which time the voltage required to expand the piezoelectric actuator on the actuator is built up, ie within which time this experiences its maximum elongation.
  • the piezoelectric actuator is usually by means of a mechanical spring, e.g. a coil spring biased in the direction away from the valve closure member.
  • a mechanical spring e.g. a coil spring biased in the direction away from the valve closure member.
  • the reason for this is that the piezoelectric actuator does not withstand tensile forces. In particular, with such tensile forces, the individual layers of a multilayer piezoelectric actuator would be torn apart so that short circuits would occur and the injection valve could no longer be used.
  • the size of the spring preload affects essentially only the operating point of the piezoelectric actuator, but not its lifting capacity.
  • the biasing spring has a relatively large bias.
  • JP 103 067 62 A describes an injection valve for fuel with a needle valve and a piezoelectric actuator.
  • the movement of the needle valve is actuated by a pressure difference between a fuel chamber and pressure chambers.
  • the actuator can thereby expand the space of a pressure chamber and thus generate a pressure drop there.
  • a voltage to be applied to the actuator for injection is determined in a separate calibration measurement, which is carried out at a fixed supply pressure of the fuel.
  • DE 198 48 950 A further describes a device for constant control of a piezoelectric actuator for fuel injection systems.
  • the transmitted electrical charge quantity ⁇ Q is used as the control variable to set a specific stroke of the actuator.
  • a controllable charge generator with a time-defined current profile, in particular a constant current source is used.
  • the fuel pressure is included as a parameter in the actuator control.
  • DE 199 45 670 A relates to a method for controlling a capacitive actuator (in particular a piezo actuator) of a fuel injection valve.
  • a capacitive actuator in particular a piezo actuator
  • the amounts of energy to be supplied to the actuator are determined in dependence on the fuel pressure acting on the actuator.
  • the injection valve according to the invention with the features according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein the An horrgradient is dependent on the supply pressure size, has the advantage that due to the variably designed An horrgradientens regardless of the supply pressure - this is in the case of a common rail injection system, the so-called rail pressure - which effectively acts on the piezoelectric actuator force can be kept constant, and that can reach an operating point-dependent control of the piezoelectric actuator.
  • the An Kunststoffient increases with the supply pressure. This means that at a comparatively low supply pressure the excitation of the system, i. of the piezoelectric actuator, is slower than at a comparatively high supply pressure.
  • This embodiment is based on the fact that in the control of the piezoelectric actuator, the valve closure member must first be opened against the supply pressure. Once the force required to open the valve closure member is applied to the valve closure member, i. When the so-called opening force is overcome, the valve closing member "flies" and the piezoelectric actuator expands very rapidly. Depending on the supply pressure, different forces act on the piezoelectric actuator in this phase. These forces increase with increasing supply pressure.
  • the biasing spring acting on the piezoelectric actuator can be made relatively small and compact and can be provided with a comparatively low bias voltage.
  • the space required for the biasing spring space can be dimensioned comparatively small and a significant cost reduction can be achieved.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 1 shows an injection valve 1, which is intended in particular for fuel injection into a diesel internal combustion engine.
  • the injection valve 1 comprises a valve control module 2 and a nozzle module 3 with a nozzle body 5, in which a valve control piston 4 is arranged, which forms a structural unit with a nozzle needle, not shown here, and controls or can be identical with this via an injection nozzle.
  • a fuel supply channel 6 is formed in the nozzle body 5 of the nozzle module 3.
  • the fuel supply channel 6 is connected to a high-pressure accumulator, not shown here, common to several injectors, a so-called common rail of conventional design.
  • the fuel guided in the high-pressure supply line 6 can thus be pressurized at a pressure or rail pressure p_R of e.g. up to 1.6 kbar.
  • valve control chamber 7 which is connected to the fuel supply channel 6 via an inlet throttle 8, adjoins the same. About the prevailing in the valve control chamber 7 pressure level, the position of the valve spool 4 and thus that of the nozzle needle is adjusted.
  • the valve control chamber 7 is for this purpose via an outlet throttle 9 with the valve control module 2 in connection.
  • valve control module 2 By means of the valve control module 2, the beginning and the duration of an injection process and the associated injection quantity can be set.
  • a valve member 10 is arranged in the valve control module 2, which is guided in a valve body 11 and which is actuated by means of a piezoelectric actuator 12.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 12 is arranged on the side facing the valve control piston 4 and thus the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine side of the valve member 10 and acts on a valve member 10 associated piston 14, which is referred to as a control piston.
  • the valve member 10 includes a second piston 15, a so-called actuating piston, which serves to actuate a valve closure member 16.
  • the actuation of the actuating piston 15 itself takes place via a hydraulic coupler 17 which is designed as a hydraulic chamber and transmits the axial deflection of the actuating piston 14 moved by means of the piezoelectric actuator 12 to the actuating piston 15.
  • the hydraulic translation causes the actuating piston 15 makes a stroke increased by the gear ratio of the piston diameter, when the actuating piston 14, which here has a larger diameter than the actuating piston 15, by means of the piezoelectric actuator 12 a certain distance is moved.
  • valve closure member 16 cooperates with a valve seat 22, which is designed here as a ball seat. But it is also possible in another embodiment of the valved valve control module that the valve closing member cooperates with two valve seats and thus forms a double seat valve.
  • valve closure member 16 is arranged in a valve chamber 18, which is separated by a so-called drain chamber 19, wherein a flow channel 20 branches off with unconfirmed piezoelectric actuator 12 by means of the valve seat 22 cooperating valve closure member 16.
  • This drainage channel 20 leads to a leakage connection, not shown, of the injection valve 1, which in turn is in communication with a fuel storage tank.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 12 is biased by means of a biasing spring 21 in the direction away from the valve control piston 4. Furthermore, the piezoelectric actuator 12 is constructed in the usual way of several layers and connected via lines to a valve control unit 30 shown schematically in Figure 2.
  • a voltage gradient dU / dt for driving the piezoelectric actuator 12 is specified during operation of the injection valve 1.
  • This so-called control gradient dU / dt is dependent on the prevailing in the fuel supply line 6 fluid pressure p_R and is set by means of the control unit 30 to the corresponding desired value. This is illustrated in FIG. 2 on the basis of a structure image.
  • the fluid pressure or rail pressure p_R acts via the inlet throttle 8, the valve control chamber 7 and the outlet throttle 9 on the valve closure member 16.
  • a high rail pressure p_R takes place by means of the valve control unit 30 taking place control of the piezoelectric actuator 12 very quickly, ie, the valve control unit 30 is a comparatively large Anêtienten dU / dt before.
  • the valve control unit 30 predetermines a comparatively low drive gradient dU / dt at a low rail pressure p_R.
  • the course of the drive gradient dU / dt as a function of the rail pressure p_R is shown in FIG. As can be seen therein, the drive gradient dU / dt increases with increasing rail pressure p_R.

Abstract

An injector, in particular an injector for a combustion engine, includes at least one nozzle module which has an injection nozzle and a supply line for a fluid under a supply pressure, and a valve-control module, which is in operative connection with the nozzle module, and at least one valve-closure member on which the supply pressure acts, and includes a piezoelectric actuator which is used to activate the valve-closure member and which is prestressed by a spring in the direction facing away from the valve-closure member, the piezoelectric actuator being activated by a valve-control unit which specifies a control gradient. The control gradient is a variable that is dependent upon the supply pressure.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht von einem Einspritzventil, insbesondere einem Einspritzventil für eine Verbrennungsmaschine, gemäß der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 näher definierten Art aus.The invention is based on an injection valve, in particular an injection valve for an internal combustion engine, according to the manner defined in detail in the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiges Ventil ist aus der Praxis bekannt. Es wird insbesondere in Verbindung mit Common-Rail-Speichereinspritzsystemen für Dieselverbrennungsmaschinen eingesetzt. Das Einspritzventil ist hierbei derart aufgebaut, daß es aus einem sogenannten Düsenmodul besteht, das eine mittels einer Düsennadel gesteuerte Einspritzdüse umfaßt und mittels eines sogenannten Ventilsteuermoduls betätigt wird, welches ventilartig ausgebildet ist. Die Steuerung des Düsenmoduls erfolgt derart, daß das Düsenmodul einen mit einem Ventilsteuerkolben in Wirkverbindung stehenden Ventilsteuerraum umfaßt, in welchem ebenfalls das mittels des Einspritzventils in den Verbrennungsraum einzuspritzende Fluid enthalten ist. Über eine mittels des Ventilsteuermoduls bewirkte Druckänderung in dem Ventilsteuerraum verändert sich die Lage des Ventilsteuerkolbens und damit auch die Lage der mit dem Ventilsteuerkolben eine Baueinheit bildenden Düsennadel.Such a valve is known in practice. It is used in particular in conjunction with common rail accumulator injection systems for diesel internal combustion engines. The injection valve is in this case constructed such that it consists of a so-called nozzle module, which comprises an injection nozzle controlled by means of a nozzle needle and is actuated by means of a so-called valve control module, which is designed like a valve. The control of the nozzle module is such that the nozzle module comprises a valve control piston in operative connection with a valve control chamber, in which also the means of Injector is included in the combustion chamber to be injected fluid. About a caused by means of the valve control module pressure change in the valve control chamber, the position of the valve control piston and thus also the position of the valve control piston forming a structural unit nozzle needle changes.

Wie vorstehend ausgeführt, ist das Ventilsteuermodul ventilartig ausgeführt. Es umfaßt daher ein Ventilschließglied. Auf dieses Ventilschließglied wirkt über eine sogenannte Ablaufdrossel der in dem Ventilsteuerraum des Düsenmoduls herrschende Fluiddruck. Die Betätigung des Ventilschließglieds erfolgt mittels eines piezoelektrischen Aktors, der in der Regel über einen mit dem piezoelektrischen Aktor verbundenen sogenannten Stellkolben, einen hydraulischen Koppler und einen mit dem Ventilschließglied verbundenen sogenannten Betätigungskolben auf das Ventilschließglied wirkt.As stated above, the valve control module is designed like a valve. It therefore comprises a valve closure member. In this valve closing member acts via a so-called outlet throttle of the ruling in the valve control chamber of the nozzle module fluid pressure. The actuation of the valve closing member is effected by means of a piezoelectric actuator, which usually acts on the valve closure member via a so-called actuating piston connected to the piezoelectric actuator, a hydraulic coupler and a so-called actuating piston connected to the valve closing member.

Bei Betätigung des piezoelektrischen Aktors wird bei einem derartig aufgebauten Ventilsteuermodul das Ventilschließglied von einem mit demselben zusammenwirkenden Ventilsitz abgehoben, so daß sich über die Ablaufdrossel der in dem Ventilsteuerraum des Düsenmoduls herrschende Druck verringert, wodurch sich die Einspritzdüse öffnet.Upon actuation of the piezoelectric actuator, the valve closing member is lifted from a cooperating with the same valve seat in such a valve control module, so that is reduced via the outlet throttle prevailing in the valve control chamber of the nozzle module pressure, whereby the injector opens.

Die Ansteuerung des piezoelektrischen Aktors erfolgt üblicherweise mittels eines Mikroprozessors, welcher einen bestimmten Ansteuergradienten vorgibt. Der Ansteuergradient gibt vor, innerhalb welcher Zeit die zur Ausdehnung des piezoelektrischen Aktors erforderliche Spannung an dem Aktor aufgebaut wird, d.h. innerhalb welcher Zeit dieser seine maximale Längung erfährt.The control of the piezoelectric actuator is usually carried out by means of a microprocessor, which specifies a certain Ansteuergradienten. The drive gradient specifies, within which time the voltage required to expand the piezoelectric actuator on the actuator is built up, ie within which time this experiences its maximum elongation.

Der piezoelektrische Aktor ist in der Regel mittels einer mechanischen Feder, z.B. einer Spiralfeder, in der dem Ventilschließglied abgewandten Richtung vorgespannt. Der Grund hierfür liegt darin, daß der piezoelektrische Aktor Zugkräften nicht standhält. Insbesondere würden bei solchen Zugkräften die einzelnen Schichten eines aus mehreren Schichten aufgebauten piezoelektrischen Aktors auseinander-gerissen werden, so daß es zu Kurzschlüssen käme und das Einspritzventil nicht mehr verwendet werden könnte. Die Größe der Federvorspannung beeinflußt im wesentlichen nur den Betriebspunkt des piezoelektrischen Aktors, nicht aber dessen Hubvermögen.The piezoelectric actuator is usually by means of a mechanical spring, e.g. a coil spring biased in the direction away from the valve closure member. The reason for this is that the piezoelectric actuator does not withstand tensile forces. In particular, with such tensile forces, the individual layers of a multilayer piezoelectric actuator would be torn apart so that short circuits would occur and the injection valve could no longer be used. The size of the spring preload affects essentially only the operating point of the piezoelectric actuator, but not its lifting capacity.

Bei bekannten Einspritzventilen der einleitend genannten Art hat die Vorspannfeder eine relativ große Vorspannung. Dies erfordert jedoch nachteilhafterweise einen relativ großen Bauraum für die Vorspannfeder, was sich wiederum entsprechend negativ in den Kosten des Einspritzventils niederschlägt.In known injectors of the aforementioned type, the biasing spring has a relatively large bias. However, this disadvantageously requires a relatively large space for the biasing spring, which in turn reflected accordingly negative in the cost of the injector.

Die JP 103 067 62 A beschreibt ein Einspritzventil für Kraftstoff mit einem Nadelventil und einem piezoelektrischen Aktor. Die Bewegung des Nadelventils wird über eine Druckdifferenz zwischen einer Kraftstoffkammer und Druckkammern betätigt. Der Aktor kann dabei den Raum einer Druckkammer erweitern und somit dort einen Druckabfall erzeugen. Zum Ausgleich von Fertigungstoleranzen und Alterungserscheinungen beim Aktor wird eine für die Einspritzung an den Aktor anzulegende Spannung in einer separaten Eichmessung bestimmt, die bei einem festen Zuführdruck des Kraftstoffs durchgeführt wird.JP 103 067 62 A describes an injection valve for fuel with a needle valve and a piezoelectric actuator. The movement of the needle valve is actuated by a pressure difference between a fuel chamber and pressure chambers. The actuator can thereby expand the space of a pressure chamber and thus generate a pressure drop there. To compensate for manufacturing tolerances and aging phenomena in the actuator, a voltage to be applied to the actuator for injection is determined in a separate calibration measurement, which is carried out at a fixed supply pressure of the fuel.

Die DE 198 48 950 A beschreibt weiterhin eine Vorrichtung zur Konstantsteuerung eines piezoelektrischen Aktuators für Kraftstoffeinspritzsysteme. Zur Vermeidung von Hystereseeffekten wird zur Einstellung eines bestimmten Hubs des Aktuators als Steuergröße die übertragene elektrische Ladungsmenge ΔQ verwendet. Dabei wird ein steuerbarer Ladungsgenerator mit zeitlich definiertem Stromverlauf, insbesondere eine Konstantstromquelle, verwendet. Der Treibstoffdruck wird als Parameter in die Aktuatorsteuerung aufgenommen.DE 198 48 950 A further describes a device for constant control of a piezoelectric actuator for fuel injection systems. To avoid hysteresis effects, the transmitted electrical charge quantity ΔQ is used as the control variable to set a specific stroke of the actuator. In this case, a controllable charge generator with a time-defined current profile, in particular a constant current source, is used. The fuel pressure is included as a parameter in the actuator control.

Die DE 199 45 670 A betrifft schließlich ein Verfahren zum Ansteuern eines kapazitiven Stellgliedes (insbesondere Piezo-Stellgliedes) eines Kraftstoffeinspritzventils. Um in jedem Kraftstoffdruckbereich einen konstanten Hub des Stellgliedes zu erreichen, werden die dem Stellglied zuzuführenden Energiebeträge in Abhängigkeit von dem auf das Stellglied wirkenden Kraftstoffdruck bestimmt.Finally, DE 199 45 670 A relates to a method for controlling a capacitive actuator (in particular a piezo actuator) of a fuel injection valve. In order to achieve a constant stroke of the actuator in each fuel pressure range, the amounts of energy to be supplied to the actuator are determined in dependence on the fuel pressure acting on the actuator.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das Einspritzventil nach der Erfindung mit den Merkmalen nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1, bei welchem der Ansteuergradient eine von dem Zufuhrdruck abhängige Größe ist, hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß aufgrund des variabel ausgestalteten Ansteuergradientens unabhängig von dem Zufuhrdruck - dies ist im Fall eines Common-Rail-Einspritzsystems der sogenannte Raildruck - die effektiv auf den piezoelektrischen Aktor wirkende Kraft konstant gehalten werden kann, und daß sich eine betriebspunktabhängige Ansteuerung des piezoelektrischen Aktors erreichen läßt.The injection valve according to the invention with the features according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein the Ansteuergradient is dependent on the supply pressure size, has the advantage that due to the variably designed Ansteuergradientens regardless of the supply pressure - this is in the case of a common rail injection system, the so-called rail pressure - which effectively acts on the piezoelectric actuator force can be kept constant, and that can reach an operating point-dependent control of the piezoelectric actuator.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des Einspritzventiles nach der Erfindung wächst der Ansteuergradient mit dem Zufuhrdruck. Dies bedeutet, daß bei einem vergleichsweise niedrigen Zufuhrdruck die Anregung des Systems, d.h. des piezoelektrischen Aktors, langsamer erfolgt als bei einem vergleichsweise hohen Zufuhrdruck.According to an advantageous embodiment of the injection valve according to the invention, the Ansteuergradient increases with the supply pressure. This means that at a comparatively low supply pressure the excitation of the system, i. of the piezoelectric actuator, is slower than at a comparatively high supply pressure.

Diese Ausführungsform beruht auf der Tatsache, daß bei der Ansteuerung des piezoelektrischen Aktors das Ventilschließglied zunächst gegen den Zufuhrdruck geöffnet werden muß. Sobald die zur Öffnung des Ventilschließglieds erforderliche Kraft auf das Ventilschließglied ausgeübt ist, d.h. wenn die sogenannte Öffnungskraft überwunden ist, "fliegt" das Ventilschließglied auf und der piezoelektrische Aktor dehnt sich sehr schnell aus. In dieser Phase wirken je nach Zufuhrdruck unterschiedliche Kräfte auf den piezoelektrischen Aktor. Diese Kräfte nehmen mit steigendem Zufuhrdruck zu.This embodiment is based on the fact that in the control of the piezoelectric actuator, the valve closure member must first be opened against the supply pressure. Once the force required to open the valve closure member is applied to the valve closure member, i. When the so-called opening force is overcome, the valve closing member "flies" and the piezoelectric actuator expands very rapidly. Depending on the supply pressure, different forces act on the piezoelectric actuator in this phase. These forces increase with increasing supply pressure.

Bei konstantem Ansteuergradienten, d.h. bei vom Zufuhrdruck unabhängiger Ansteuerung und Anregung des Systems, würde sich insbesondere der Fall eines niedrigen Zufuhrdrucks problematisch gestalten, denn den Kräften, die durch die Ansteuerung verursacht werden, wirken in diesem Fall nur vergleichsweise geringe Kräfte entgegen, die aus dem Zufuhrdruck herrühren. Nach der Erfindung erfolgt nun aber die Ansteuerung in Abhängigkeit von dem Zufuhrdruck, so daß die auf den Aktor wirkende Kraft, d.h. die Entlastung, konstant gehalten werden kann.At a constant Ansteuergradienten, ie at the supply pressure independent control and excitation of the system, in particular the case of a low supply pressure would be problematic, because the forces caused by the control counteract in this case, only comparatively small forces from the supply pressure originate. According to the invention, but now the control in response to the supply pressure, so that the force acting on the actuator, ie the discharge, can be kept constant.

Dies hat wiederum zur Folge, daß die an dem piezoelektrischen Aktor angreifende Vorspannfeder relativ klein und kompakt ausgelegt werden kann und mit einer vergleichsweise geringen Vorspannung versehen sein kann. Dadurch kann der für die Vorspannfeder erforderliche Bauraum vergleichsweise klein dimensioniert werden und eine deutliche Kostenreduzierung erzielt werden.This in turn means that the biasing spring acting on the piezoelectric actuator can be made relatively small and compact and can be provided with a comparatively low bias voltage. As a result, the space required for the biasing spring space can be dimensioned comparatively small and a significant cost reduction can be achieved.

Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Gegenstandes nach der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen, der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung.Further advantages and advantageous developments of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the description and the drawings.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Einspritzventils nach der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung schematisch vereinfacht dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Figur 1 eine ausschnittsweise Darstellung eines Einspritzventils nach der Erfindung im Längsschnitt, und
  • Figur 2 ein Flußdiagramm zur Ansteuerung des Einspritzventils nach Figur 1, und
  • Figur 3 den Verlauf eines Gradienten zur Ansteuerung eines piezoelektrischen Aktors in Abhängigkeit von einem Fluidzufuhrdruck.
An embodiment of the injection valve according to the invention is shown schematically simplified in the drawing and will be explained in more detail in the following description. Show it
  • Figure 1 is a fragmentary view of an injection valve according to the invention in longitudinal section, and
  • Figure 2 is a flowchart for driving the injector of Figure 1, and
  • 3 shows the course of a gradient for driving a piezoelectric actuator in response to a fluid supply pressure.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Das in Figur 1 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt ein Einspritzventil 1, das insbesondere zur Kraftstoffeinspritzung in eine Dieselverbrennungsmaschine bestimmt ist. Das Einspritzventil 1 umfaßt hierzu ein Ventilsteuermodul 2 sowie ein Düsenmodul 3 mit einem Düsenkörper 5, in dem ein Ventilsteuerkolben 4 angeordnet ist, der mit einer hier nicht dargestellten Düsennadel eine Baueinheit bildet und über diese eine Einspritzdüse steuert bzw. mit dieser identisch sein kann.The embodiment shown in Figure 1 shows an injection valve 1, which is intended in particular for fuel injection into a diesel internal combustion engine. For this purpose, the injection valve 1 comprises a valve control module 2 and a nozzle module 3 with a nozzle body 5, in which a valve control piston 4 is arranged, which forms a structural unit with a nozzle needle, not shown here, and controls or can be identical with this via an injection nozzle.

In dem Düsenkörper 5 des Düsenmoduls 3 ist zudem ein Kraftstoffzufuhrkanal 6 ausgebildet. Der Kraftstoffzufuhrkanal 6 ist mit einem hier nicht dargestellten, für mehrere Einspritzventile gemeinsamen Hochdruckspeicher, einem sogenannten Common-Rail üblicher Bauart verbunden. Der in der Hochdruckzufuhrleitung 6 geführte Kraftstoff kann somit unter einem Druck bzw. Raildruck p_R von z.B. bis zu 1,6 kbar stehen.In addition, a fuel supply channel 6 is formed in the nozzle body 5 of the nozzle module 3. The fuel supply channel 6 is connected to a high-pressure accumulator, not shown here, common to several injectors, a so-called common rail of conventional design. The fuel guided in the high-pressure supply line 6 can thus be pressurized at a pressure or rail pressure p_R of e.g. up to 1.6 kbar.

An der in Figur 1 dargestellten freien Stirnseite des Ventilsteuerkolbens 4 grenzt an denselben ein Ventilsteuerraum 7, der über eine Zulaufdrossel 8 mit dem Kraftstoffzufuhrkanal 6 verbunden ist. Über das in dem Ventilsteuerraum 7 herrschende Druckniveau wird die Lage des Ventilsteuerkolbens 4 und damit diejenige der Düsennadel eingestellt. Der Ventilsteuerraum 7 steht hierzu über eine Ablaufdrossel 9 mit dem Ventilsteuermodul 2 in Verbindung.At the free end face of the valve control piston 4 shown in FIG. 1, a valve control chamber 7, which is connected to the fuel supply channel 6 via an inlet throttle 8, adjoins the same. About the prevailing in the valve control chamber 7 pressure level, the position of the valve spool 4 and thus that of the nozzle needle is adjusted. The valve control chamber 7 is for this purpose via an outlet throttle 9 with the valve control module 2 in connection.

Mittels des Ventilsteuermoduls 2 können der Beginn und die Dauer eines Einspritzvorgangs sowie die damit verbundene Einspritzmenge eingestellt werden. Hierzu ist in dem Ventilsteuermodul 2 ein Ventilglied 10 angeordnet, das in einem Ventilkörper 11 geführt ist und das mittels eines piezoelektrischen Aktors 12 betätigbar ist. Der piezoelektrische Aktor 12 ist auf der dem Ventilsteuerkolben 4 und somit dem Brennraum der Verbrennungsmaschine abgewandten Seite des Ventilgliedes 10 angeordnet und wirkt auf einen dem Ventilglied 10 zugeordneten Kolben 14, der als Stellkolben bezeichnet wird. Des weiteren umfaßt das Ventilglied 10 einen zweiten Kolben 15, einen sogenannten Betätigungskolben, der zur Betätigung eines Ventilschließglieds 16 dient.By means of the valve control module 2, the beginning and the duration of an injection process and the associated injection quantity can be set. For this purpose, a valve member 10 is arranged in the valve control module 2, which is guided in a valve body 11 and which is actuated by means of a piezoelectric actuator 12. The piezoelectric actuator 12 is arranged on the side facing the valve control piston 4 and thus the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine side of the valve member 10 and acts on a valve member 10 associated piston 14, which is referred to as a control piston. Furthermore, the valve member 10 includes a second piston 15, a so-called actuating piston, which serves to actuate a valve closure member 16.

Die Betätigung des Betätigungskolbens 15 selbst erfolgt über einen hydraulischen Koppler 17, der als Hydraulikkammer ausgebildet ist und die axiale Auslenkung des mittels des piezoelektrischen Aktors 12 verfahrenen Stellkolbens 14 auf den Betätigungskolben 15 überträgt. Die hydraulische Übersetzung bewirkt, daß der Betätigungskolben 15 einen um das Übersetzungsverhältnis der Kolbendurchmesser vergrößerten Hub macht, wenn der Stellkolben 14, der hier einen größeren Durchmesser als der Betätigungskolben 15 aufweist, mittels des piezoelektrischen Aktors 12 eine bestimmte Wegstrecke verfahren wird.The actuation of the actuating piston 15 itself takes place via a hydraulic coupler 17 which is designed as a hydraulic chamber and transmits the axial deflection of the actuating piston 14 moved by means of the piezoelectric actuator 12 to the actuating piston 15. The hydraulic translation causes the actuating piston 15 makes a stroke increased by the gear ratio of the piston diameter, when the actuating piston 14, which here has a larger diameter than the actuating piston 15, by means of the piezoelectric actuator 12 a certain distance is moved.

Das Ventilschließglied 16 wirkt mit einem Ventilsitz 22 zusammen, der hier als Kugelsitz ausgebildet ist. Es ist aber in einer anderen Ausführung des ventilartig aufgebauten Ventilsteuermoduls auch möglich, daß das Ventilschließglied mit zwei Ventilsitzen zusammenwirkt und somit ein Doppelsitzventil bildet.The valve closure member 16 cooperates with a valve seat 22, which is designed here as a ball seat. But it is also possible in another embodiment of the valved valve control module that the valve closing member cooperates with two valve seats and thus forms a double seat valve.

Das Ventilschließglied 16 ist in einer Ventilkammer 18 angeordnet, welche bei unbetätigtem piezoelektrischen Aktor 12 mittels des mit dem Ventilsitz 22 zusammenwirkenden Ventilschließglied 16 von einer sogenannten Ablaufkammer 19 getrennt ist, von welcher ein Ablaufkanal 20 abzweigt. Dieser Ablaufkanal 20 führt zu einem nicht näher dargestellten Leckageanschluß des Einspritzventils 1, welcher wiederum mit einem Kraftstoffvorratstank in Verbindung steht.The valve closure member 16 is arranged in a valve chamber 18, which is separated by a so-called drain chamber 19, wherein a flow channel 20 branches off with unconfirmed piezoelectric actuator 12 by means of the valve seat 22 cooperating valve closure member 16. This drainage channel 20 leads to a leakage connection, not shown, of the injection valve 1, which in turn is in communication with a fuel storage tank.

Der piezoelektrische Aktor 12 ist mittels einer Vorspannfeder 21 in der dem Ventilsteuerkolben 4 abgewandten Richtung vorgespannt. Des weiteren ist der piezoelektrische Aktor 12 in üblicher Weise aus mehreren Schichten aufgebaut und über Leitungen mit einer in Figur 2 schematisch dargestellten Ventilsteuereinheit 30 verbunden.The piezoelectric actuator 12 is biased by means of a biasing spring 21 in the direction away from the valve control piston 4. Furthermore, the piezoelectric actuator 12 is constructed in the usual way of several layers and connected via lines to a valve control unit 30 shown schematically in Figure 2.

Mittels der Ventilsteuereinheit 30 wird beim Betrieb des Einspritzventils 1 unter anderem ein Spannungsgradient dU/dt zur Ansteuerung des piezoelektrischen Aktors 12 vorgegeben. Dieser sogenannte Ansteuergradient dU/dt ist abhängig von dem in der Kraftstoffzufuhrleitung 6 herrschenden Fluiddruck p_R und wird mittels der Steuereinheit 30 auf den entsprechenden Sollwert eingestellt. Dies ist in Figur 2 anhand eines Strukturbildes dargestellt.By means of the valve control unit 30, among other things, a voltage gradient dU / dt for driving the piezoelectric actuator 12 is specified during operation of the injection valve 1. This so-called control gradient dU / dt is dependent on the prevailing in the fuel supply line 6 fluid pressure p_R and is set by means of the control unit 30 to the corresponding desired value. This is illustrated in FIG. 2 on the basis of a structure image.

Der Fluiddruck bzw. Raildruck p_R wirkt über die Zulaufdrossel 8, den Ventilsteuerraum 7 und die Ablaufdrossel 9 auf das Ventilschließglied 16. Bei einem hohen Raildruck p_R erfolgt die mittels der Ventilsteuereinheit 30 erfolgende Ansteuerung des piezoelektrischen Aktors 12 sehr schnell, d.h. die Ventilsteuereinheit 30 gibt einen vergleichsweise großen Ansteuergradienten dU/dt vor. Hingegen gibt die Ventilsteuereinheit 30 bei einem niedrigen Raildruck p_R einen vergleichsweise niedrigen Ansteuergradienten dU/dt vor. Der Verlauf des Ansteuergradientens dU/dt in Abhängigkeit von dem Raildruck p_R ist in Figur 3 dargestellt. Wie darin zu erkennen ist, wächst der Ansteuergradient dU/dt mit zunehmendem Raildruck p_R an.The fluid pressure or rail pressure p_R acts via the inlet throttle 8, the valve control chamber 7 and the outlet throttle 9 on the valve closure member 16. At a high rail pressure p_R takes place by means of the valve control unit 30 taking place control of the piezoelectric actuator 12 very quickly, ie, the valve control unit 30 is a comparatively large Ansteuergradienten dU / dt before. On the other hand, the valve control unit 30 predetermines a comparatively low drive gradient dU / dt at a low rail pressure p_R. The course of the drive gradient dU / dt as a function of the rail pressure p_R is shown in FIG. As can be seen therein, the drive gradient dU / dt increases with increasing rail pressure p_R.

Claims (2)

  1. Injection valve, in particular for an internal combustion engine, at least comprising a nozzle module (3), which has an injection nozzle and a supply line for a fluid which is at a supply pressure (p_R), and also a valve control module (2), which is operatively connected to the nozzle module (3) and has at least one valve closing member (16), which is acted upon by the supply pressure (p_R), and a piezoelectric actuator (12) which serves to actuate the valve closing member (16) and which is preloaded in the direction facing away from the valve closing body (16) by means of a spring (21), the piezoelectric actuator (12) being activated by means of a valve control unit (30) which defines an activation gradient (dU/dt), the activation gradient (dU/dt) defining the time within which the voltage required to extend the piezoelectric actuator (12) is built up across the actuator (12),
    characterized
    in that the activation gradient (dU/dt) is a parameter which is dependent on the supply pressure (p_R).
  2. Injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the activation gradient (dU/dt) increases with the supply pressure (p_R).
EP02726068A 2001-03-21 2002-03-21 Injection valve Expired - Lifetime EP1373706B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10113560A DE10113560A1 (en) 2001-03-21 2001-03-21 Injection valve, especially for internal combustion engine, has control gradient of control exerted by valve control unit on piezoelectric actuator dependent on fluid feed pressure
DE10113560 2001-03-21
PCT/DE2002/001025 WO2002077437A1 (en) 2001-03-21 2002-03-21 Injection valve

Publications (2)

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EP1373706A1 EP1373706A1 (en) 2004-01-02
EP1373706B1 true EP1373706B1 (en) 2006-06-21

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JP (1) JP4272887B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE331134T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10113560A1 (en)
HU (1) HU229132B1 (en)
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WO2002077437A1 (en) 2002-10-03
ATE331134T1 (en) 2006-07-15
DE50207295D1 (en) 2006-08-03
DE10113560A1 (en) 2002-09-26
HUP0302434A3 (en) 2007-02-28
HUP0302434A2 (en) 2003-10-28
JP2004518885A (en) 2004-06-24
US7398933B2 (en) 2008-07-15
HU229132B1 (en) 2013-08-28
US20040050971A1 (en) 2004-03-18
EP1373706A1 (en) 2004-01-02
JP4272887B2 (en) 2009-06-03

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