EP1371111B1 - Magnetic dipole and shielded spiral sheet antennas structures and methods - Google Patents

Magnetic dipole and shielded spiral sheet antennas structures and methods Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1371111B1
EP1371111B1 EP02724937A EP02724937A EP1371111B1 EP 1371111 B1 EP1371111 B1 EP 1371111B1 EP 02724937 A EP02724937 A EP 02724937A EP 02724937 A EP02724937 A EP 02724937A EP 1371111 B1 EP1371111 B1 EP 1371111B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
plate
spiral sheet
seam
holes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02724937A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1371111A1 (en
EP1371111A4 (en
Inventor
Eli Yablonovitch
Laurent Desclos
Sebastian Rowson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ethertronics Inc
Original Assignee
Ethertronics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/781,720 external-priority patent/US6567053B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/781,780 external-priority patent/US6677915B1/en
Application filed by Ethertronics Inc filed Critical Ethertronics Inc
Publication of EP1371111A1 publication Critical patent/EP1371111A1/en
Publication of EP1371111A4 publication Critical patent/EP1371111A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1371111B1 publication Critical patent/EP1371111B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/12—Longitudinally slotted cylinder antennas; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/22—Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of wireless communication, and particularly to the design of an antenna.
  • Document US 5,781,158 discloses several antennas with a metallic structure of cylindrical shape with a first plate, a second plate and a third plate connected by vertical connections.
  • a dielectric substrate is arranged between the plates, the plates and the dielectric substrate thereby serving as a capacitive structure.
  • Document WO 01/08255 A1 discloses an antenna assembly for a wireless communication device for receiving and transmitting a communication signal.
  • the wireless communication device has a ground plane element and a feedline conductor.
  • the antenna assembly includes a configured radiating conductor element having a pair of opposed ends disposed proximate the ground plane element and an intermediate extending portion disposed away from the ground plane element to define an interior region. While the first and the second end are each coupled to the ground plane element, the coupling of the second end is a capacitive coupling.
  • An antenna according to the present invention is defined by claim 1. Preferred embodiments are subject to the dependent claims.
  • a conventional solution to reduce the size further, is to reduce the effective wavelength of the electromagnetic waves, by inserting a material of a high dielectric constant. Then, the internal wavelength is reduced by the square root of the dielectric constant.
  • This requires special high dielectric constant materials that add cost, weight and cause an efficiency penalty. Accordingly, the present invention addresses these needs.
  • the present invention provides an effective increase in the dielectric constant purely by geometry, using a spiral sheet configuration.
  • An antenna comprises a first plate and a second plate, the combination of the first and second plates serving as a capacitive structure; and a third metallic structure, coupled to the first and second plates, thereby producing a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical current distribution, with two openings or holes at either end of the cylinder-like shape.
  • a cylindrical current distribution is described, other shapes of current distribution can be practiced provided that the current is distributed around two openings or holes, that would construct an antenna without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
  • the present invention discloses an antenna structure that is more compact, reducing the overall size of a wireless device.
  • the present invention further advantageously reduces the cost of building an antenna by using air as the dielectric.
  • the present invention provides a shield to block radio energy from being absorbed in a body, which potentially could be harmful to a person's health.
  • the present invention also designs an antenna structure in which radio energy tends to flow in the direction away from a person.
  • the present invention efficiently uses the available internal space in an antenna to maximize the space utility in an antenna and cellphone. Therefore, the dimension of a cellphone becomes even more compact.
  • FIG. 1 is a pictorial diagram illustrating a cross-sectional view of a spiral sheet antenna 10, resembling a rectangular cylindrical shape, with two holes at the ends, and a capacitive seam connecting the two holes, for producing a cylindrical current distribution.
  • the spiral sheet antenna 10 can be constructed with three plates, a first plate 11, a second plate 12, and a third plate 13.
  • the variable d 14 represents the spacing between the first plate 11 and the second plate 12, and the variable t 15 represents the thickness of all three plates.
  • a vertical connection 16 connects between the third plate 13 and the first plate 11, while the third plate 13 connects to the second plate 12 via a vertical connection 17.
  • the length of the third plate 13, between vertical connections 16 and 17 is selected to be less than a quarter wavelength, ⁇ /4n, where n is the square root of the dielectric constant.
  • FIGS. 2A is a pictorial diagram illustrating a perspective view of a spiral sheet antenna 20 for producing a cylinder-like current distribution.
  • the spiral sheet antenna 20 has a first hole 21 and a second hole 22, at the ends, and a capacitive seam connecting the two holes.
  • the alternating current (AC) magnetic field vector B is shown entering hole 21 and exiting hole 22.
  • FIG. 2B is a pictorial diagram illustrating a spiral sheet antenna 25 for producing a cylinder-like current distribution with a different aspect ratio, with a first hole 26 and a second hole 27.
  • the structure shape in FIG. 2B is the same as the structure shape in FIG. 2A .
  • the aspect ratio, in FIG. 2B is different from the aspect ratio in FIG. 2A .
  • the curved vector I represents the general direction of the AC currents.
  • the spiral antennas 20 and 25 in FIGS. 2A and 2B operate like a single-turn solenoids.
  • a single-turn solenoid consists of a cylinder-like current distribution.
  • a 2A the aspect ratio, in FIG. 2B , is different from the aspect ratio in FIG. 2A .
  • the curved vector I represents the general direction of the AC currents.
  • the spiral antennas 20 and 25 in FIGS. 2A and 2B operate like a single-turn solenoids.
  • a single-turn solenoid consists of a cylinder like current distribution.
  • a significant portion of the electromagnetic radiation produced by the spiral antennas 20 and 25 arises from the alternating current (AC) magnetic field vector B that enters and exits from the holes at the end of the single turn solenoid.
  • AC alternating current
  • the antennas 20 and 25 do not require a high dielectric constant ceramic to attain a small dimensional size.
  • the inherent capacitance in the structure of the antennas 20 and 25 allows a low frequency operation according to the formula: ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 LC , where ⁇ is the frequency in radians/second, L is the inductance of the single turn solenoid formed by 11, 16, 13, 17 and 12 in FIG. 1., and C is the capacitance from the thin overlapping region labeled as the thickness d 15, or the spacing 14.
  • FIG. 3 is a pictorial diagram illustrating a first drive or feed configuration 30 for a spiral sheet antenna producing a cylindrical current distribution.
  • the first drive configuration 30 has a first plate 31, a second plate 32, a third plate 33, a first hole 34, and a second hole 35.
  • a drive cable 36 attaches and drives the spiral sheet antenna 20.
  • the co-axial drive cable 36 matches any desired input impedance.
  • An optional vertical short circuit wire, 37, can assist in providing an impedance matching shunt to the spiral sheet antenna 20.
  • FIG. 4 is a pictorial diagram illustrating a second drive configuration 40 of a spiral sheet antenna for producing a rectangular cylinder-like current distribution.
  • the antenna might have a high electrical conductivity, e.g. copper depending on the required antenna Q-factor.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate two sample drive configurations applied to the spiral sheet antenna 20, and are not meant to be an exhaustive listing since many possibilities abound.
  • a spiral sheet antenna 20 produces an AC magnetic field that radiates efficiently in a structure that is smaller than ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ r , that is a typical restriction for a patch antenna, where ⁇ is the electromagnetic wavelength in vacuum, and ⁇ r is the microwave refractive index.
  • the antenna being described here can be regarded as a rectangular metallic enclosure with two openings, (at the ends of the rectangle), and a seam connecting the two holes.
  • the seam functions as a capacitor and can be implemented in several different ways. First, the seam can be constructed as an overlapping region as shown in 20. Second, a seam can be constructed as slot between to metal sheets as shown in 80. where two edges meet. Third, a seam can be constructed with a slot under which there is an additional metal sheet underneath as shown in 60.
  • FIG. 5 is a pictorial diagram 50 illustrating a first example of a rectangular cylindrical sheet antenna with an opening at each end of the rectangular cylinder, and with a seam 54 connecting the two holes at the ends.
  • the seam 54 comprises of a slot over a double parallel plate.
  • the rectangular cylindrical current distribution structure 50 has a second plate 52 overlapping with a first plate 51 in two areas on either side of the slot or seam 54 to provide capacitance.
  • the third plate 53 is far from the first and second plates 51 and 52, and therefore contributes little to the capacitance.
  • the rectangular cylindrical current distribution structure 50 thus yields the benefit of a large dielectric constant, without the need for a special dielectric material.
  • the capacitance is diminished by a factor 4 due to the two capacitors in series from the overlap of the first and second plates 51 and 52 ,compared to the same two plates in parallel.
  • FIG. 6 is a pictorial diagram 60, a perspective view illustrating the second example of a seam configuration in a rectangular cylindrical sheet antennas.
  • a first hole 61 is positioned in the front of the pictorial diagram 60, while a second hole 62 is positioned at the back of the pictorial diagram 60 .
  • the rectangular cylindrical sheet antenna may be driven in a number of different ways. A possible approach is to place a wire parallel to the long axis, but off-center to drive currents across the slot.
  • FIG. 7A is a pictorial diagram 70 illustrating this, the second type of drive configuration (of the third seam example, illustrated in FIG. 6 ) for the rectangular cylindrical sheet antenna.
  • a co-axial feed cable 74 extends and connects through a third plate 73, a second plate 72, and a first plate 71, to an off-center drive wire 75.
  • FIG. 7B is a pictorial diagram 76 illustrating a side view of this second type of drive configuration A drive wire 77 is shown in cross-section in FIG. 7B .
  • FIG. 8 is a pictorial diagram 80 illustrating a third example of a rectangular cylindrical sheet antenna with a slot seam for producing a magnetic dipole current distribution.
  • the pictorial diagram 80 will not operate at as low a frequency as the spiral sheet structure, all other things being equal, since the capacitance of a slot seam is less than the capacitance of the over-lapping sheets in the spiral sheet structure.
  • FIG. 9A is a pictorial diagram illustrating a perspective view, and FIG. 9B illustrating a side view, of a first example of a shielded spiral sheet antenna 90 for producing a cylinder-like current distribution.
  • the structure in the shielded spiral sheet antenna 90 is similar to the structure in the spiral sheet antenna 20.
  • a first hole 91 is at one end of the rectangle, and a second hole 92 is at the other end of the rectangle.
  • An over-lapping seam 93 connects the two holes together. In the case of a cellphone the pair of holes 91 and 92 is positioned to face away from a user's ear.
  • a base plate 94, of the shielded spiral sheet antenna 90 is positioned facing the human body, extending 94a beyond the third plate 13 at one end and extending 94b beyond the third plate 13 at the other end.
  • the shielded spiral sheet antenna 90 therefore faces away from the human body.
  • the width of the border w and w' determines the degree of front-to-back shielding ratio. If w ⁇ t and w' ⁇ t, then a shielding ratio of 3dB or better can be achieved.
  • FIGS. 10A and 10B are pictorial diagrams illustrating side views of a operational mathematical technique for defining a shielded spiral sheet antenna.
  • two center points are chosen, a geometrical center point of a top opening 101 and a geometrical center point of a bottom opening 102.
  • a path 103, L s represents the shortest path between the geometrical center point of a top opening 101 and the geometrical center point of a bottom opening 102 on the short side.
  • a path 104, L e represents the longest path between the geometrical center point of a top opening 101 and the geometrical center point of a bottom opening 102 on the longer side.
  • the path 103 is shorter than the path 104 that faces a user.
  • FIG. 11 is a pictorial diagram 110 illustrating an operational procedure for determining the center of a hole for the purposes of our operational mathematical technique for defining a shielded spiral antenna.
  • FIGS. 9A , 9B , 10A , and 10B are useful for shielding cell phone antennas from the user.
  • FIG. 12A is a pictorial diagram 120 illustrating a perspective view of a second example of a shielded spiral sheet antenna (with overlapping capacitive structure).
  • a first hole 124 and a second hole 125 are positioned to face away from the user. In effect, both the first and second holes 124 and 125 are facing the front.
  • a seam 126 connects between the first hole 124 and the second hole 125.
  • FIG. 12B is a pictorial diagram 127 illustrating a side cross-sectional view of FIG. 12A , with AC magnetic field illustrated.
  • the structure diagram has two holes for the magnetic field entering 128 and exiting 129 the antenna.
  • the rectangular openings shown, may be smaller than the width of the rectangle.
  • a rectangular container is intended as an illustration.
  • the rectangular container may be in a shape resembling a cell phone body instead.
  • FIG. 13 is a pictorial diagram illustrating a dual frequency, dual-tap antenna 130 with a first hole 131, a second hole 132, and a third hole 133.
  • a first seam 135 connects between the first hole 131 and the third hole 133.
  • a second seam 136 connects between the hole 132 and the hole 133.
  • Spring contacts w 1 and w 2 can connect to different circuits on a circuit board, such as for operating with main cell phone bands including Personal Communication System (PCS) at 1900 MHz, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) at 1575 MHz, bluetooth, Advanced mobile phone system (amps) at 850 MHz, and 900 MHz cell phone bands.
  • PCS Personal Communication System
  • GPS Global Positioning Systems
  • amps Advanced mobile phone system
  • the antenna structure consists of a metallic enclosure, with holes, or openings. For each independent antenna, or for each frequency band, an additional hole or opening must be provided on the metallic enclosure. For the example in FIG. 13 , two frequencies, require 3 holes. Likewise n-frequencies would require (n+1) holes or openings, connected by n seams. Some of the n-frequencies might be identical, for the purpose of space or polarization diversity.
  • FIG. 14 is a pictorial diagram 140 illustrating the placement of one or more internal circuit boards 143 inside an antenna.
  • Radio Frequency Magnetic fields enter a first hole 141 and exit through a second hole 142.
  • the internal volume in an antenna can be wisely utilized as not to waste any unused empty space.
  • the extra space can be filled with one or more active circuit boards 143 for operation of a cell phone.
  • the internal circuit boards do not interfere much with the internal AC RF magnetic fields inside the antenna structure. This allows the antenna volume to be put to good use in a small volume cell phone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP02724937A 2001-02-12 2002-02-11 Magnetic dipole and shielded spiral sheet antennas structures and methods Expired - Lifetime EP1371111B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US781720 1985-09-30
US781780 1991-10-23
US78177901A 2001-02-12 2001-02-12
US78172301A 2001-02-12 2001-02-12
US09/781,720 US6567053B1 (en) 2001-02-12 2001-02-12 Magnetic dipole antenna structure and method
US781723 2001-02-12
US09/781,780 US6677915B1 (en) 2001-02-12 2001-02-12 Shielded spiral sheet antenna structure and method
US781779 2001-02-12
PCT/US2002/004228 WO2002065583A1 (en) 2001-02-12 2002-02-11 Magnetic dipole and shielded spiral sheet antennas structures and methods

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1371111A1 EP1371111A1 (en) 2003-12-17
EP1371111A4 EP1371111A4 (en) 2005-07-13
EP1371111B1 true EP1371111B1 (en) 2008-10-22

Family

ID=27505755

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02724937A Expired - Lifetime EP1371111B1 (en) 2001-02-12 2002-02-11 Magnetic dipole and shielded spiral sheet antennas structures and methods

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP1371111B1 (ko)
KR (4) KR20100037168A (ko)
AT (1) ATE412259T1 (ko)
DE (1) DE60229503D1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2002065583A1 (ko)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MXPA02003084A (es) 1999-09-20 2003-08-20 Fractus Sa Antenas multinivel.
WO2007141187A2 (en) 2006-06-08 2007-12-13 Fractus, S.A. Distributed antenna system robust to human body loading effects
US8738103B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2014-05-27 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
US7932869B2 (en) * 2007-08-17 2011-04-26 Ethertronics, Inc. Antenna with volume of material
US8570239B2 (en) 2008-10-10 2013-10-29 LHC2 Inc. Spiraling surface antenna
KR20110107348A (ko) 2009-01-23 2011-09-30 엘에이치씨2, 인크. 소형 원형 편파 전방향 안테나
US8854266B2 (en) * 2011-08-23 2014-10-07 Apple Inc. Antenna isolation elements
US8963794B2 (en) * 2011-08-23 2015-02-24 Apple Inc. Distributed loop antennas
CN109586016B (zh) * 2018-10-26 2021-06-11 宁波大学 一种串馈式平面印刷阵列天线

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4328502A (en) * 1965-06-21 1982-05-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Continuous slot antennas
US5781158A (en) * 1995-04-25 1998-07-14 Young Hoek Ko Electric/magnetic microstrip antenna
KR0139439B1 (ko) * 1995-04-25 1998-07-01 고영혁 마이크로스트립 안테나
US5754143A (en) * 1996-10-29 1998-05-19 Southwest Research Institute Switch-tuned meandered-slot antenna
CN1235313C (zh) * 1999-07-21 2006-01-04 兰茨斯塔无线电公司 电容调谐宽带天线结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002065583A1 (en) 2002-08-22
KR20090016491A (ko) 2009-02-13
EP1371111A1 (en) 2003-12-17
ATE412259T1 (de) 2008-11-15
KR20080064907A (ko) 2008-07-09
EP1371111A4 (en) 2005-07-13
KR20030084925A (ko) 2003-11-01
DE60229503D1 (de) 2008-12-04
KR100945124B1 (ko) 2010-03-02
KR20100037168A (ko) 2010-04-08

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