EP1362213B1 - Method and apparatus for cleaning combustion devices - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for cleaning combustion devices Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1362213B1
EP1362213B1 EP02704538A EP02704538A EP1362213B1 EP 1362213 B1 EP1362213 B1 EP 1362213B1 EP 02704538 A EP02704538 A EP 02704538A EP 02704538 A EP02704538 A EP 02704538A EP 1362213 B1 EP1362213 B1 EP 1362213B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lance
thin
cleaning
walled container
explosive mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP02704538A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1362213A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Rüegg
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Bang and Clean GmbH
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Bang and Clean GmbH
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Priority claimed from CH00700/01A external-priority patent/CH695117A5/en
Application filed by Bang and Clean GmbH filed Critical Bang and Clean GmbH
Priority to DK02704538T priority Critical patent/DK1362213T3/en
Publication of EP1362213A1 publication Critical patent/EP1362213A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0007—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by explosions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
    • B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D25/00—Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag
    • F27D25/006—Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag using explosives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning contaminated or slagged containers.
  • it relates to a process and a device for the so-called on-line blast cleaning of slagged Combustion devices according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • Heating surfaces z. B. from waste incineration plants or coal boilers are subject to general heavy soiling. These contaminants are inorganic Compositions and typically arise from the deposition of ash particles on the wall. Coverings in the range of high flue gas temperatures are mostly very hard as they either melt or melt on the wall remain or of deeper melting or condensing substances with them Solidification on the colder boiler wall. Such toppings are difficult and inadequate to remove by known cleaning methods. This causes the boiler to periodically shut down, cool, and manually or must be cleaned with sandblasting. Because such boilers are usually pretty large dimensions, it is often necessary to set up a scaffold in the furnace.
  • Conventional cleaning methods are, for example, tapping the kettle and using it of steam jets, water jet blowers / sootblowers and bullet rain.
  • a cleaning method is known in which the cooled and also in operation located hot boilers by inserting and igniting explosive devices is cleaned.
  • a cooled explosive device by means of a cooled lance in the vicinity of the contaminated Brought heating surface where the explosive charge is ignited.
  • the heating surface caking are caused by the force of the detonation, as well as by the the wall vibrations generated by the shock waves are blasted off.
  • the cleaning time can use this method compared to traditional cleaning methods be significantly shortened.
  • the cleaning can be carried out with the necessary safety precautions, on-line, i.e. during the operation of the incinerator or still in the hot state of the container. It is possible to use a boiler in this way Clean within hours, using a conventional cleaning method for days to be needed.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for cleaning to create contaminated or slagged incinerators or containers, at which the system does not have to be shut down during cleaning, the System is in a clean state again in a short time and in particular the hazard of personnel and system parts minimized during the cleaning process becomes.
  • the cleaning process disclosed here is based on gaseous, liquid and / or powdered or powdered substances or components, the individual or are preferably explosive only as a mixture, in the vicinity of an object to be cleaned to bring the at least partially gaseous explosive To explode mixture.
  • the materials should be kept and handled separately to avoid the risk of an early explosion.
  • This is possible with the cleaning method according to the invention, since the Cleaning required explosive substance or the explosive mixture at the point or can be made near the location of a container where he or it should be used. This increases the safety of personnel and objects.
  • the cleaning device according to the invention during an insertion and Positioning process of the device still no explosive substances or components available and therefore not exposed to the heat.
  • the cleaning method according to the invention is particularly suitable for incineration plants with sticky fly ash that tends to cake especially by burning coal, garbage, sewage sludge or soad waste. This is especially true in the area of steam generators of incineration plants.
  • the cleaning process can also be used to remove dirt use in other systems with hard dirt deposits, e.g. in flue gas cleaning plants, Paper mills, silcs, in the cement industry etc.
  • the blast cleaning can occur during the operation of a system, i.e. on-line, or at still hot containers and very precisely and precisely dosed. Thereby outage costs are reduced and no system parts or container sections are unnecessarily burdened. Also the dangers for the plant personnel minimized. This is particularly due to the extremely short dwell time of the at least partially gaseous explosive component or mixture in the hot Surroundings.
  • the cleaning method according to the invention is a fuel, liquid or gaseous, e.g. B. acetylene, ethylene, methane, Ethane, propane, gasoline, oil etc., and an oxidizing agent, e.g. B. oxygen in the Brought close to a surface to be cleaned.
  • a fuel, liquid or gaseous e.g. B. acetylene, ethylene, methane, Ethane, propane, gasoline, oil etc.
  • an oxidizing agent e.g. B. oxygen in the Brought close to a surface to be cleaned.
  • the strength of the explosion required for cleaning and thus the amount of used materials depends on the type of pollution and after Size and type of dirty container. Dosage and strength of the explosion can and are chosen so that no damage to installations occurs.
  • the amount of mixed gas required for effective cleaning is of acetylene and oxygen between 5 and 30 liters per explosion.
  • the optimal mixing ratio of the gases can be determined from the stoichiometry of the gases calculate and is 1: 3 for acetylene and oxygen. With an explosive gas mixture The ratio of oxygen and ethane is 3.5: 1 with an example total gas volume of approx. 100 liters.
  • the possibility of optimal dosage of the components used on the one hand reduces the cleaning costs, on the other hand, the risk of danger and damage to the system and people.
  • a tube-like device e.g. a lance
  • a tube is in a plant or inserted a container and brought it close to the place to be cleaned.
  • the or the components are introduced into the system or the container.
  • the container to be cleaned and e.g. the flowing flue gas be hot up to 1000 ° C.
  • the materials used for cleaning e.g. Gases and fuels
  • the tube is thermal isolated and / or chilled. This can be done through a pipe made of thermally insulating materials or by cooling attached to or guided through the pipe happen.
  • the cooling is preferably for a pipe and / or for cleaning
  • the materials used are designed in such a way that they can be Coolant from the outside into the cleaning device or to the components or to the explosive gas mixture.
  • a pipe or lance would have to be only be provided with connections for the gaseous components, for example and could be made correspondingly simpler.
  • Such a cleaning device is also not due to the presence of water connections in the Depends on the proximity of the object to be cleaned. If a coolant such as For example, water is used as insulation material for the lance, so there are connections to be attached to the lance. Any hoses could, if desired, be removed before cleaning the lance.
  • Cooling of the lance in the positioned state by means of coolant flow desired this is preferably done by passing a coolant through the lance so that it flows directly into the hot container.
  • a cleaning device but can also be designed so that a coolant in the device again flowing back.
  • the explosive, at least partially gaseous mixture preferably produced only at the point where the explosion is to take place. This is done, for example, by mixing one flammable gas and an oxidizing agent in a thin-walled container in the container to be cleaned itself but it is also possible to have the individual components in one part of a supply line, e.g. the lance inside. This will make the thorough Mixing of individual components shortly before the point to be cleaned began. It is also possible to take the necessary safety precautions directly explosive gas or gas mixture in a thin-walled container, which is located in a system or a container.
  • the dosing of gases or gas mixtures, u. U. also of liquid materials, is preferably carried out via a pressure vessel into which exactly dosed beforehand Quantities of gas or liquid can be introduced, e.g. through controlled Filling from standard gas bottles.
  • Quantities of gas or liquid can be introduced, e.g. through controlled Filling from standard gas bottles.
  • the use of separate pressure vessels offers the advantage that the quantities and thus the filling prints in these Containers of the desired strength of the explosion can be adjusted very easily can.
  • the gases or liquids under pressure the length of time of the components used in the hot environment is extremely high be kept short.
  • a suitable thin-walled container To dilute gases, gas mixtures, powder or powder or liquid materials, e.g. B. to avoid by ambient air or flue gas, the materials are as close as possible to or near the place to be cleaned held by a suitable thin-walled container. This is Particularly advantageous if an explosive mixture is only close to the cleaning surface is to be produced, for example by a separate guidance of individual Gases or fuels in a pipe-like device or lance.
  • Such a container serves, among other things, to avoid the dilution of the gases, especially before they are completely mixed and, if necessary, for their mixing Cooling.
  • suitable thin-walled containers are stretchable thin-walled balloon-like containers, or flexible, compliant thin-walled containers such as for example sack-like envelopes or pouches.
  • a thin-walled container is preferred at one end of a pipe, e.g. attached to the head of the lance and is inflated by the gases themselves.
  • the thin-walled containers preferably have a larger volume than that total volume of the components brought into it. On the one hand, this prevents premature destruction of the thin-walled container by bursting, e.g. of elastic balloon-like containers.
  • Head cooling of the lance is preferably done using passive cooling methods.
  • passive cooling an explosive gas mixture, are in the inserted state of the cleaning device no additional coolant from outside to or into the explosive mixture guided.
  • supply lines for those required for the explosion Materials kept relatively simple from any lance cooling can be.
  • a thin-walled container and thus the materials in it, can by means of a thermally insulating protective cover or by means of an already with coolant provided protective cover to be protected from undesirably high temperatures.
  • An example of the latter protective cover can be very simple and exist for example essentially from the most absorbent material possible, e.g. B. crepe, or sponge-like material, which is introduced into a hot system is soaked with coolant, preferably water.
  • coolant preferably water.
  • a thin-walled container suitable coolant e.g. B. by spraying water, air or a mixture cool both media on the thin-walled container. It is also possible injecting water drops or other coolant into the thin-walled Container during inflation, so that its surface is cooled from the inside becomes. This can be done, for example, by introducing one used for cleaning liquid or gaseous components can be combined.
  • Another preferred way to protect the thin-walled container is in the thin-walled container in a suitable protective device in the insert the container to be cleaned.
  • a suitable protective device in the insert the container to be cleaned.
  • the thin-walled container can be stowed in the protective device when not inflated.
  • the Protection device is designed so that it gives the thin-walled container the opportunity provide for essentially free deployment as soon as it is inflated. This can be done by an open one or one that opens by force or pressure Protective device can be realized.
  • a container side, i.e. head-side, attached The opening of the protective device can be provided with a cover.
  • Such Cover is preferably thin-walled, easy to open or release, so that it of an expanding thin-walled container from the protector can be replaced. It is preferably made of materials containing coolant can be soaked, e.g. a piece of paper, jute etc. depending on the design the entire protective device can be enclosed with a cover. This makes a thin-walled container and a protective device at the same time protected, e.g. cooled.
  • indirect, passive cooling is switched off reasons already mentioned above, both for the thin-walled container, as well used for the lance.
  • Passive cooling for one explosive mixture and one Lance is independent of active coolant supplied from outside during the Cleaning process itself, i.e. in the inserted condition of the lance.
  • a passive one Lance cooling is preferably done by attaching suitable materials around the gas and / or liquid pipe or by producing the Pipe or supply lines made of suitable materials. These are, for example insulating, essentially heat-resistant and / or coolant-absorbing Materials or suitable material arrangements. Examples of the latter are absorbent Materials such as paper, wadding, or fabric that are in water or before use other coolant. To protect against injury to a cooling Layer, outer protective layers can be applied.
  • cooling methods and protective devices can also be combined, omitted or supplemented.
  • the ignition of the explosive gas mixture or liquid / gas mixture takes place from the state of the Technology known means. This is preferably done by electrically triggered Spark ignition, by auxiliary flames or by pyrotechnic ignition with the help of appropriately attached ignition devices and ignition devices.
  • the igniters are preferably in the area of one of the ends of the lance, on a pipe itself or attached to the thin-walled container.
  • the actuation of the ignition device as well the process of inflowing the gases and / or introducing liquid components happens preferably and for safety's sake by means of a control device.
  • the explosion process can be triggered with safety mechanisms be connected. These preferably start the gas supply the pressure containers in the thin-walled container and break this connection before the actual explosion, e.g. by activating the ignition means. This prevents setbacks, for example into the supply lines or uncontrolled explosions.
  • that can Cleaning procedures also include a device cleaning step. This will for example by flushing the lance or of individual pipes using compressed air.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device 10 without a thin-walled container for carrying out the cleaning method according to the invention.
  • the device 10 contains tube-like supply lines 1, 2 through which, preferably after their positioning, different gases, e.g. B. oxygen 3 and ethane 4, but also liquid fuels or oxidizing agents in the vicinity of a wall 5 to be cleaned.
  • gases 3, 4 and / or liquids form an explosive mixture 7 in the area of the wall contamination 6.
  • an ignition device 8 which can be controlled and actuated from outside the container or the system to be cleaned, the explosive mixture 7 is formed, for example, by formation a spark 9 ignited.
  • the explosion can also occur in the area of the mixture 7, e.g. B. triggered on the supply lines 1, 2 ignition.
  • the feed lines 1, 2 and the ignition device 8 are designed here in such a way that the ignition spark 9 does not come directly in front of one end of a feed line 1, 2 in order to kick back the cleaning device 10 or re-ignite the feed lines 1, 2 avoid. This can be realized in that the ignition spark 9 comes to lie in the area between the ends of supply lines 1, 2 of different lengths.
  • the supply lines 1, 2 and the ignition device 8 or parts thereof can also together in a tube-like envelope, e.g. B. a pipe.
  • the device 10 is preferably also provided with cooling.
  • the cooling is preferably done by means of evaporation of coolant that the supply lines 1, 2 or cool the common casing, if present. Active cooling happens for example by means of air and / or water supply from the outside in and / or through the supply lines 1,2.
  • head cooling of the lance is preferred designed as a protective cover soaked with coolant.
  • the head cooling can also be designed as a coolant supply led into the container. So becomes the thin-walled container or the gas or gas / liquid mixture located in the container cooled.
  • the for the supply lines 1, 2 and / or a common Pipe materials also preferably have thermal insulation Properties to the gas 3, 4 contained therein or the liquid in front Influences of heat, e.g. B. flue gas to protect.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary device for carrying out the cleaning method according to the invention.
  • a coolable or insulated lance 20, including a casing 21 and an inner tube 22, has connections 23 for the gas supply at one end.
  • a suitable ignition means for example a spark plug 19, with which an explosive gas mixture can preferably be ignited electrically.
  • the jacket 21 protects the lance 20 and the gas or gas mixture therein from heating. It preferably contains absorbent material, e.g. As paper, and can additionally with a protective layer enveloping the absorbent material, for.
  • a possible protective layer essentially serves to prevent or reduce the detachment or injury of the material of the casing 21, which stores coolant or serves as insulation, by external mechanical influences.
  • a protective layer can also be equipped with additional absorbent or insulating properties.
  • the thin-walled container 25 is on Inner tube 22 is attached such that it passes through the gas flowing through the inner tube or gas mixture is inflated.
  • the thin-walled container consists of one substantially gas-tight plastic sleeve 25a, e.g. one made of polyethylene Plastic bag, and a protective cover 25b surrounding the plastic cover 25a.
  • the protective cover 25b is preferably a cover made of absorbent paper, which with the Plastic sleeve 25a is connected, preferably glued.
  • coolant is added to the paper sleeve and the jacket 21 of the lance, e.g. With Water soaked.
  • the thin-walled container 25 is folded up in the protective bell 27 stowed.
  • coolant cover (not shown) to the thin-walled container inside and possibly also the protective bell, in addition to cool and if necessary to protect against mechanical influences.
  • the protective bell 27 is slightly conical, cup-shaped open to the outside to the inflated envelope or the balloon-like To give containers enough space.
  • a protective device is for example hollow cone or hollow cylinder or bowl-shaped. It preferably points a recess on one side to feed the supply line (s) and on the other side an opening for a thin-walled container.
  • a protective device can also be double-walled, so that a possible interior with Insulation material or coolant is or can be filled.
  • the protective bell 27, the casing 21 or another protective device are fixed to the lance attached. But they can also be designed so that they are pushed over the lance or placed around it and positioned differently. This allows a protective device to be easily replaced after a cleaning process, if necessary.
  • Protective devices however, heat-resistant materials used.
  • the connection for the gas supply 23 is attached to the inner tube 22 and connects two gas supply lines 29, 30 with the lance 20.
  • a gas supply line 30 connected to a first pressure vessel 34 via a first solenoid valve 32, wherein this in turn via a fourth valve 38 on a commercially available first gas bottle 36, e.g. Oxygen cylinder, is connected.
  • the second gas supply line 29 is designed essentially the same, i.e. via a second solenoid valve 31 with a second pressure vessel 33 connected. This in turn is via a third valve 37 connected to a second commercially available gas bottle 35.
  • the second gas bottle 35 accordingly contains a combustible gas, such as acetylene, Ethylene or ethane.
  • the pressure vessels 33, 34 filled with the appropriate gases.
  • An already proven in the experiment Filling pressure is max. 15 bar, with the pressure vessel volumes for example Have values of 1.51 for ethane and 5 1 for oxygen and one typically 100 1-200 I total gas volume used for cleaning common containers becomes.
  • the ratio of the volumes of the two pressure vessels preferably corresponds the stoichiometric ratio of the two gases for a complete Combustion.
  • the pressures of the gases in the pressure vessels determine the strength of the Explosion and can be adjusted via reducing valves on the gas bottles 35, 36. These prints are preferably the same size.
  • the explosion process is initiated.
  • the process is preferred via a controller 40, e.g. B. relay control, controlled.
  • the control routes are in the Figure drawn as dashed lines, the signal direction with arrows is specified.
  • the solenoid valves are briefly, e.g. for a few seconds; open.
  • the gas contents of the pressure vessels 33, 34 flow during this Time through the separate gas supply lines 29,30 into the lance 20. There they become mixed together and through the inner tube 22 into the thin-walled container 25 headed, inflating it.
  • the gas supply lines 29,30 in the inner tube 22 of the lance 20 kept separate so that the gases only in the thin-walled container 25th mix and form an explosive gas mixture there.
  • Time delay e.g. 0.5s
  • the primer ignited and the explosion triggered.
  • the spark plug is 19 or the ignition device is positioned accordingly on the lance.
  • the inflation process of the thin-walled container to ignition is a few seconds, typically 1-3s, e.g. 2s.
  • the inner tube is preferably from the Remnants of the explosion, e.g. Slag, cleaned. This happens for example by means of Compressed air that is sent through the inner tube 22.
  • One of the gas supply lines points to this 30 an additional valve 41, which is equipped with a compressed air reservoir 42, z. B. a compressed air generator or a compressed air bottle, is connected.
  • This Valve 41 shown here as a solenoid valve, can preferably also be activated and operated automatically.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the device according to the invention. It includes an exemplary design of a coolable lance 50. A majority of the reference numerals are the same as in FIG. 2. These relate accordingly to the same exemplary features and elements and are not all mentioned again here.
  • the coolable lance 50 comprising an outer tube 51 and an inner tube 52, has connections 23, 24 at one end for the gas supply and for cooling.
  • a coolant for example a water / air mixture, is guided between the outer tube 51 and the inner tube 52. It emerges again at the second end of the lance 50, which is indicated by arrows.
  • a protective bell 27 for a thin-walled container 25 is in turn attached to this second end of the lance 50. Depending on the flow rate or the distance of the coolant outlet opening of the lance 50 to the protective bell 27, the coolant passed through the lance 50 can also cool the protective bell 27.
  • connection 24 of the cooling is connected to a cooling connection valve 28, e.g. one Manual valve. Pressing it allows you to switch it on and off as required the cooling. It is also preferable to manufacture a specific one Mixing ratio of different cooling media, shown here by two connecting lines / hoses 24a, b, possible.
  • a lance cooling system designed in this way is preferably used before insertion the lance 50 is activated in a hot container. It typically stays during the entire time the lance is exposed to the heat.
  • a Such active lance cooling can also be included in a controller 40. It is of course also possible to coolant through a cooling connection on insert one end of the lance 50 and flow it back to the same end to let. This would be, for example, with the outer tube 51 closed on one side, with im essential U-shaped or concentric coolant flow possible.
  • the cleaning method according to the invention runs with the one described in FIG. 3 Device similar to that from Figure 2: impregnation of a thin-walled container 25 with coolant, activate the lance cooling, insert and position the Lance, fill the pressure containers 33, 34 with the desired gas quantities, trigger of the ignition process by actuating a pressure switch 39.
  • the gas or gases flow through the lance 50 and inflate the thin-walled container. This will initially by the protective bell 27, then essentially by the soaked Protective cover 25b protected from heating. Is the desired amount of gas in the arrived thin-walled container 25, we the explosive gas mixture by means of suitable Ignition means 19 ignited.
  • the inner tube 52 and possibly also the outer tube 51 in a cleaning step cleaned, e.g. freed of slag and water by means of compressed air.
  • a thin-walled container offers the advantage that it is extremely cost-effective to manufacture.
  • An additional one The advantage of a paper-covered plastic sack as a thin-walled container is that possible flying sparks can perforate the plastic bag, but the cover can still protects the explosive gas or gas mixture.
  • a protective cover made of absorbent Material can be multi-layered. By attaching it, for example several single protective covers, it can be called at different temperatures Containers can be adjusted. By using the evaporative cooling more suitable Coolant is not a supply of coolant to or through the lance during of the actual cleaning process necessary.

Abstract

An on-line method and a device for cleaning of contamination such as caking or slag deposits from surfaces in vessels and combustion installations by means of blasting technology. An explosive gas mixture is made to detonate in the proximity of the deposits and thereby clean the deposits from the surfaces.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von verschmutzten bzw. verschlackten Behältern. Im Speziellen betrifft sie ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum sogenannten on-line Sprengreinigen von verschlackten Verbrennungseinrichtungen gemäss dem Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Patentansprüche.The invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning contaminated or slagged containers. In particular, it relates to a process and a device for the so-called on-line blast cleaning of slagged Combustion devices according to the preamble of the independent claims.

Heizflächen z. B. von Müllverbrennungsanlagen oder Kohlekesseln unterliegen im allgemeinen starken Verschmutzungen. Diese Verschmutzungen haben anorganische Zusammensetzungen und entstehen typischerweise durch Ablagerung von Ascheteilchen an der Wand. Beläge im Bereich von hohen Rauchgas-Temperaturen sind meist sehr hart, da sie entweder geschmolzen oder angeschmolzen auf der Wand kleben bleiben oder von tiefer schmelzenden oder kondensierenden Substanzen bei deren Erstarrung an der kälteren Kesselwand zusammengeklebt werden. Solche Beläge lassen sich durch bekannte Reinigungsverfahren nur schwer und unzureichend entfernen. Dies führt dazu, dass der Kessel periodisch abgestellt, abgekühlt und manuell oder mittels Sandstrahlen gereinigt werden muss. Da solche Kessel meist ziemlich grosse Abmessungen aufweisen, ist dazu oft der Aufbau eines Gerüsts im Ofen notwendig. Dies erfordert zudem einen Betriebsunterbruch von mehreren Tagen oder Wochen und ist ausserdem für das Reinigungspersonal wegen des starken Staub- und Schmutzanfalls äusserst unangenehm und ungesund. Eine meist zwangsläufige Begleiterscheinung eines Betriebunterbruchs einer Anlage sind Schäden an Behältermaterialien selber als Folge der starken Temperaturänderungen. Neben den Reinigungs- und Reparaturkosten sind die Anlagenstillstandskosten durch den Produktions- bzw. Einnahmenausfall ein wichtiger Kostenfaktor.Heating surfaces z. B. from waste incineration plants or coal boilers are subject to general heavy soiling. These contaminants are inorganic Compositions and typically arise from the deposition of ash particles on the wall. Coverings in the range of high flue gas temperatures are mostly very hard as they either melt or melt on the wall remain or of deeper melting or condensing substances with them Solidification on the colder boiler wall. Such toppings are difficult and inadequate to remove by known cleaning methods. This causes the boiler to periodically shut down, cool, and manually or must be cleaned with sandblasting. Because such boilers are usually pretty large dimensions, it is often necessary to set up a scaffold in the furnace. This also requires a business interruption of several days or Weeks and is also for the cleaning staff because of the strong dust and Soiling is extremely unpleasant and unhealthy. A mostly inevitable side effect A shutdown of a plant is damage to container materials itself as a result of the strong temperature changes. In addition to the cleaning and repair costs are the plant downtime costs by the production loss of income is an important cost factor.

Herkömmliche Reinigungsverfahren sind beispielsweise Kesselklopfen und die Verwendung von Dampfstrahler, Wasserstrahlbläser/Russbläser und Kugelregen.Conventional cleaning methods are, for example, tapping the kettle and using it of steam jets, water jet blowers / sootblowers and bullet rain.

Es ist ein Reinigungsverfahren bekannt, bei dem der erkaltete und auch der in Betrieb befindliche heisse Kessel mittels Einbringen und Zünden von Sprengkörpern gereinigt wird. Bei dem im Dokument EP 1 067 349 beschriebenen Verfahren, wird ein gekühlter Sprengkörper mittels einer gekühlten Lanze in die Nähe der verschmutzten Heizfläche gebracht, wo die Sprengladung gezündet wird. Die Heizflächen-Anbackungen werden durch die Wucht der Detonation, sowie durch die von den Schockwellen erzeugten Wandschwingungen abgesprengt. Die Reinigungszeit kann mit dieser Methode im Vergleich zu den herkömmlichen Reinigungsverfahren wesentlich verkürzt werden. Die Reinigung kann mit den nötigen Sicherheitsvorkehrungen, on-line, d.h. während des Betriebs des Verbrennungsofens bzw. noch im heissen Zustand des Behälters stattfinden. Es ist möglich einen Kessel auf diese Art innert Stunden zu reinigen, wozu mit einer herkömmlichen Reinigungsmethode Tage gebraucht werden.A cleaning method is known in which the cooled and also in operation located hot boilers by inserting and igniting explosive devices is cleaned. In the method described in document EP 1 067 349, a cooled explosive device by means of a cooled lance in the vicinity of the contaminated Brought heating surface where the explosive charge is ignited. The heating surface caking are caused by the force of the detonation, as well as by the the wall vibrations generated by the shock waves are blasted off. The cleaning time can use this method compared to traditional cleaning methods be significantly shortened. The cleaning can be carried out with the necessary safety precautions, on-line, i.e. during the operation of the incinerator or still in the hot state of the container. It is possible to use a boiler in this way Clean within hours, using a conventional cleaning method for days to be needed.

Nachteilig bei dem in EP 1 067 349 beschriebenen Verfahren ist die Notwendigkeit von Sprengstoff. Neben den hohen Kosten für das Sprengmaterial muss zur Vermeidung von Unfällen, beispielsweise bei der Lagerung des Sprengstoffs, ein grosser Sicherheitsaufwand betrieben werden. Das Einbringen von Sprengmaterial in einen heissen Behälter erfordert zudem ein absolut zuverlässiges und effizientes Kühlsystem um ein vorzeitiges Detonieren des Sprengstoffs zu verhindern. The disadvantage of the method described in EP 1 067 349 is the necessity of explosives. In addition to the high cost of the explosive material must be avoided of accidents, for example when storing the explosives, a major one Security efforts are operated. The introduction of explosives into one hot containers also require an absolutely reliable and efficient cooling system to prevent premature detonation of the explosive.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von verschmutzten bzw. verschlackten Verbrennungsanlagen oder Behältern zu schaffen, bei welchem/r die Anlage während der Reinigung nicht abgestellt werden muss, die Anlage in kurzer Zeit wieder in sauberem Zustand ist und im Speziellen die Gefährdung von Personal und Anlageteilen während des Reinigungsverfahrens minimiert wird.The object of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for cleaning to create contaminated or slagged incinerators or containers, at which the system does not have to be shut down during cleaning, the System is in a clean state again in a short time and in particular the hazard of personnel and system parts minimized during the cleaning process becomes.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die Erfindung gelöst, wie sie in den Patentansprüchen definiert ist.The object is achieved by the invention as defined in the patent claims is.

Das hier offenbarte Reinigungsverfahren beruht darauf, gasförmige, flüssige und/oder puder- bzw. pulverförmige Stoffe bzw. Komponenten, die einzeln oder vorzugsweise erst als Gemisch explosiv sind, in die Nähe eines zu reinigenden Objekts zu bringen, um anschliessend das mindestens teilweise gasförmige explosive Gemisch zur Explosion zu bringen.The cleaning process disclosed here is based on gaseous, liquid and / or powdered or powdered substances or components, the individual or are preferably explosive only as a mixture, in the vicinity of an object to be cleaned to bring the at least partially gaseous explosive To explode mixture.

Für den Personenschutz sollen die Materialien getrennt aufbewahrt und gehandhabt werden können, um die Gefahr einer vorzeitigen Explosion möglichst auszuschliessen. Dies ist mit dem erfindungsgemässen Reinigungsverfahren möglich, da der zur Reinigung benötigte explosive Stoff oder das explosive Gemisch an der Stelle oder in der Nähe der Stelle eines Behälters hergestellt werden kann, an dem er bzw. es verwendet werden soll. Dies erhöht die Sicherheit von Personal und Gegenständen. Mit der erfindungsgemässen Reinigungsvorrichtung sind während eines Einführ- und Positioniervorgangs der Vorrichtung noch keinerlei explosive Stoffe oder Komponenten vorhanden und somit auch nicht der Hitze ausgesetzt. For personal protection, the materials should be kept and handled separately to avoid the risk of an early explosion. This is possible with the cleaning method according to the invention, since the Cleaning required explosive substance or the explosive mixture at the point or can be made near the location of a container where he or it should be used. This increases the safety of personnel and objects. With the cleaning device according to the invention during an insertion and Positioning process of the device still no explosive substances or components available and therefore not exposed to the heat.

Das erfindungsgemässe Reinigungsverfahren ist besonders geeignet für Verbrennungsanlagen mit klebriger, zu Anbackungen neigender Flugasche, hervorgerufen speziell durch die Verbrennung von Kohle, Müll, Klärschlamm oder Soadermüll. Dies gilt insbesondere im Bereich von Dampferzeugern von Verbrennungsanlagen. Das Reinigungsverfahren lässt sich aber auch zur Beseitigung von Verschmutzungen in anderen Anlagen mit harten Schmutzablagerungen anwenden, wie z.B. in Rauchgasreinigungsanlagen, Papiermühlen, Silcs, in der Zementindustrie usw.. Die Sprengreinigung kann während des Betriebs einer Anlage, d.h. on-line, bzw. bei noch heissen Behältern und äusserst gezielt und genau dosiert durchgeführt werden. Dadurch werden Betriebsausfallkosten gesenkt und keine Anlagenteile oder Behälterabschnitte werden unnötig belastet. Auch werden die Gefahren für das Anlagenpersonal minimiert. Dies insbesondere durch eine äusserst kurze Verweildauer der mindestens teilweise gasförmigen explosiven Komponente oder des Gemischs in der heissen Umgebung.The cleaning method according to the invention is particularly suitable for incineration plants with sticky fly ash that tends to cake especially by burning coal, garbage, sewage sludge or soad waste. This is especially true in the area of steam generators of incineration plants. The cleaning process can also be used to remove dirt use in other systems with hard dirt deposits, e.g. in flue gas cleaning plants, Paper mills, silcs, in the cement industry etc. The blast cleaning can occur during the operation of a system, i.e. on-line, or at still hot containers and very precisely and precisely dosed. Thereby outage costs are reduced and no system parts or container sections are unnecessarily burdened. Also the dangers for the plant personnel minimized. This is particularly due to the extremely short dwell time of the at least partially gaseous explosive component or mixture in the hot Surroundings.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Reinigungsverfahrens wird ein Brennstoff, flüssig oder gasförmig, z. B. Acetylen, Ethylen, Methan, Aethan, Propan, Benzin, Oel etc., und ein Oxidationsmittel, z. B. Sauerstoff, in die Nähe einer zu reinigenden Fläche gebracht. Dort werden die Komponenten miteinander vermischt und anschliessend gezündet. Die Wucht der Explosion und die durch die Stosswellen in Schwingung gebrachte Fläche, z.B. eine Behälter- oder Rohrwand, bewirken das Absprengen der Wandanbackungen und somit das Reinigen der Fläche. Die Komponenten können auch in der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung miteinander gemischt werden.In a preferred embodiment of the cleaning method according to the invention is a fuel, liquid or gaseous, e.g. B. acetylene, ethylene, methane, Ethane, propane, gasoline, oil etc., and an oxidizing agent, e.g. B. oxygen in the Brought close to a surface to be cleaned. There the components are together mixed and then ignited. The force of the explosion and the through the surface vibrated, e.g. a container or pipe wall, cause the wall cakes to blast off and thus clean the Area. The components can also be used in the device according to the invention be mixed together.

Die für eine Reinigung notwendige Stärke der Explosion und somit die Menge der verwendeten Materialien, richtet sich nach der Art der Verschmutzung und nach Grösse und Art des verschmutzten Behälters. Dosierung und Stärke der Explosion können und werden so gewählt, dass keine Schäden an Installationen entstehen. The strength of the explosion required for cleaning and thus the amount of used materials, depends on the type of pollution and after Size and type of dirty container. Dosage and strength of the explosion can and are chosen so that no damage to installations occurs.

Beispielsweise liegt die für eine wirkungsvolle Reinigung notwendige Mischgasmenge von Acetylen und Sauerstoff zwischen 5 und 30 Liter pro Explosion. Das optimale Mischungsverhältnis der Gase lässt sich aus der Stöchiometrie der Gase berechnen und beträgt für Acetylen und Sauerstoff 1:3. Bei einem explosiven Gasgemisch von Sauerstoff und Aethan liegt das Verhältnis bei 3.5:1 mit einem beispielhaften totalen Gasvolumen von ca. 100 Litern. Die Möglichkeit der optimalen Dosierung der verwendeten Komponenten vermindert einerseits die Reinigungskosten, andererseits das Gefahren- und Schadensrisiko für Anlage und Personen.For example, the amount of mixed gas required for effective cleaning is of acetylene and oxygen between 5 and 30 liters per explosion. The The optimal mixing ratio of the gases can be determined from the stoichiometry of the gases calculate and is 1: 3 for acetylene and oxygen. With an explosive gas mixture The ratio of oxygen and ethane is 3.5: 1 with an example total gas volume of approx. 100 liters. The possibility of optimal dosage of the components used on the one hand reduces the cleaning costs, on the other hand, the risk of danger and damage to the system and people.

Eine rohrähnliche Vorrichtung, z.B. eine Lanze, wird in eine Anlage bzw. einen Behälter eingeführt und in die Nähe der zu reinigenden Stelle gebracht. Mittels dieser Vorrichtung können nach der Positionierung der Vorrichtung der bzw. die Komponenten in die Anlage bzw. den Behälter eingebracht werden. Bei einer Online-Reinigung können der zu reinigende Behälter und z.B. das strömende Rauchgas bis zu 1000°C heiss sein. Dies bedeutet, dass zur Vermeidung einer vorzeitigen Explosion die für die Reinigung verwendeten Materialien, z.B. Gase und Brennstoffe, schneller an die gewünschte Stelle gebracht werden sollten als diese sich z.B. durch Wärmestrahlung erhitzen können. Vorzugsweise wird das Rohr thermisch isoliert und/oder gekühlt. Dies kann durch ein Rohr aus thermisch isolierenden Materialien bzw. durch eine am Rohr angebrachte oder durch das Rohr geführte Kühlung geschehen. Vorzugsweise wird die Kühlung für ein Rohr und/oder für die zur Reinigung verwendeten Materialien so gestaltet, dass sie ohne ständigen Zufluss von Kühlmittel von aussen in die Reinigungsvorrichtung bzw. zu den Komponenten oder zu dem explosiven Gasgemisch auskommt. Ein Rohr oder eine Lanze müsste somit lediglich mit Anschlüssen für die bspw. gasförmigen Komponenten versehen werden und könnte entsprechend einfacher gestaltet werden. Eine solche Reinigungsvorrichtung ist auch nicht auf das Vorhandensein von bspw. Wasseranschlüssen in der Nähe des zu reinigenden Objekts angewiesen. Wird zur Kühlung ein Kühlmittel wie bspw. Wasser als Isolationsmaterial für die Lanze verwendet, so sind dafür Anschlüsse an der Lanze anzubringen. Allfällige Schläuche könnten, falls gewünscht, vor der eigentlichen Benutzung der Lanze zum Reinigen entfernt werden. Ist eine Kühlung der Lanze in positioniertem Zustand mittels Kühlmittelfluss gewünscht, so geschieht dies vorzugsweise indem ein Kühlmittel durch die Lanze hindurch geführt wird, so dass dieses direkt in den heissen Behälter strömt. Eine Reinigungsvorrichtung kann aber auch so gestaltet sein, dass ein Kühlmittel in der Vorrichtung wieder zurückströmt.A tube-like device, e.g. a lance, is in a plant or inserted a container and brought it close to the place to be cleaned. By means of this device, after the device has been positioned, the or the components are introduced into the system or the container. At a The container to be cleaned and e.g. the flowing flue gas be hot up to 1000 ° C. This means avoiding premature Explosion the materials used for cleaning, e.g. Gases and fuels, should be brought to the desired location faster than this e.g. can heat by heat radiation. Preferably the tube is thermal isolated and / or chilled. This can be done through a pipe made of thermally insulating materials or by cooling attached to or guided through the pipe happen. The cooling is preferably for a pipe and / or for cleaning The materials used are designed in such a way that they can be Coolant from the outside into the cleaning device or to the components or to the explosive gas mixture. A pipe or lance would have to be only be provided with connections for the gaseous components, for example and could be made correspondingly simpler. Such a cleaning device is also not due to the presence of water connections in the Depends on the proximity of the object to be cleaned. If a coolant such as For example, water is used as insulation material for the lance, so there are connections to be attached to the lance. Any hoses could, if desired, be removed before cleaning the lance. Is a Cooling of the lance in the positioned state by means of coolant flow desired this is preferably done by passing a coolant through the lance so that it flows directly into the hot container. A cleaning device but can also be designed so that a coolant in the device again flowing back.

Um die Möglichkeit einer vorzeitigen Explosion ganz zu umgehen, wird das explosive, mindestens teilweise gasförmige Gemisch vorzugsweise erst an der Stelle hergestellt, an der die Explosion erfolgen soll. Dies geschieht bspw. durch Mischung eines brennbaren Gases und eines Oxidationsmittels in einem dünnwandigen Behälter im zu reinigenden Behälter selbst. Es ist aber auch möglich, die einzelnen Komponenten bereits in einem Teil einer Zufuhrleitung, z.B. dem Lanzeninneren, zusammenzuführen. Dadurch wird die gründliche Vermischung einzelner Komponenten bereits kurz vor der zu reinigenden Stelle begonnen. Es ist auch möglich, mit den nötigen Sicherheitsvorkehrungen, direkt ein explosives Gas oder Gasgemisch in einen dünnwandigen Behälter, welcher sich in einer Anlage bzw. einem Behälter befindet, einzubringen. Auch bei dieser Variante ist die Gefahr einer vorzeitigen Explosion von explosiven Stoffen oder Gemischen minimal, da das Einbringen einer Vorrichtung und ein allfälliges Positionieren derselben vorgängig und somit gänzlich ohne das Vorhandensein der explosiven Materialien durchgeführt werden kann. Wird anstelle von gasförmigen ein oder mehrere flüssige oder puder- bzw. pulverförmige Materialien, z.B. Brennstoffe, verwendet, so werden diese beispielsweise mittels einer geeigneten Pumpvorrichtung durch die rohrähnliche Vorrichtung an die zu reinigende Stelle gebracht, wo das bzw. die flüssige/n oder puder- bzw. pulverförmige/n Materialien in den dünnwandigen Behälter vorzugsweise zerstäubt wird/werden. Dies kann bspw. durch Druck- oder Gaszerstäubung geschehen, z.B. unter Verwendung eines in der Reinigung benutzten Gases.To avoid the possibility of a premature explosion entirely, the explosive, at least partially gaseous mixture preferably produced only at the point where the explosion is to take place. This is done, for example, by mixing one flammable gas and an oxidizing agent in a thin-walled container in the container to be cleaned itself but it is also possible to have the individual components in one part of a supply line, e.g. the lance inside. This will make the thorough Mixing of individual components shortly before the point to be cleaned began. It is also possible to take the necessary safety precautions directly explosive gas or gas mixture in a thin-walled container, which is located in a system or a container. With this variant, too, there is a risk of a premature explosion of explosive Substances or mixtures minimal, since the introduction of a device and any Position the same in advance and therefore completely without the presence of explosive materials can be carried out. Will instead of gaseous one or more liquid or powdered materials, e.g. Fuels used, these are, for example, by means of a suitable Pumping device through the pipe-like device to the place to be cleaned brought where the liquid or powder or powdered materials in the thin-walled container is / are preferably atomized. This can be done, for example, by pressure or gas atomization happen, e.g. using a gas used in cleaning.

Die Dosierung von Gasen bzw. von Gasgemischen, u. U. auch von flüssigen Materialien, erfolgt vorzugsweise über Druckbehälter, in die vorgängig exakt dosierte Gas- bzw. Flüssigkeitsmengen eingebracht werden können, z.B. durch kontrollierte Abfüllung aus handelsüblichen Gasflaschen. Das Verwenden von separaten Druckbehältern bietet den Vorteil, dass die Mengen und damit die Fülldrucke in diesen Behältern der gewünschten Stärke der Explosion sehr einfach angepasst werden können. Zudem kann durch das Einbringen der Gase oder Flüssigkeiten unter Druck die Verweildauer der verwendeten Komponenten in der heissen Umgebung äusserst kurz gehalten werden.The dosing of gases or gas mixtures, u. U. also of liquid materials, is preferably carried out via a pressure vessel into which exactly dosed beforehand Quantities of gas or liquid can be introduced, e.g. through controlled Filling from standard gas bottles. The use of separate pressure vessels offers the advantage that the quantities and thus the filling prints in these Containers of the desired strength of the explosion can be adjusted very easily can. In addition, by introducing the gases or liquids under pressure the length of time of the components used in the hot environment is extremely high be kept short.

Um eine Verdünnung von Gasen, Gasgemischen, puder- bzw. pulverförmigen oder flüssigen Materialien, z. B. durch Umgebungsluft oder Rauchgas, zu vermeiden, werden die Materialien möglichst an oder in der Nähe der zu reinigenden Stelle mittels eines geeigneten dünnwandigen Behälters gehalten. Dies ist besonders dann vorteilhaft, wenn ein explosives Gemisch erst in der Nähe der zu reinigenden Fläche hergestellt werden soll, bspw. durch eine separate Führung einzelner Gase bzw. Brennstoffe in einer rohrähnlichen Vorrichtung bzw. einer Lanze. Ein solcher Behälter dient unter anderem zur Vermeidung der Verdünnung der Gase, insbesondere vor ihrer vollständigen Vermischung und gegebenenfalls zu deren Kühlung. Beispiele für geeignete dünnwandige Behälter sind dehnbaren dünnwandigen ballonartige Behälter, oder flexible, nachgiebige dünnwandige Behälter wie beispielsweise sackartige Hüllen oder Beutel. Ein dünnwandiger Behälter ist vorzugsweise am einen Ende eines Rohres, z.B. am Kopfende der Lanze, angebracht und wird durch die Gase selber aufgeblasen. Um eine vorzeitige Explosion des dünnwandigen Behälters zu verhindern, sollte er schneller aufgeblasen werden als er sich durch Konvektion oder Strahlung aufheizt und/oder er sollte gekühlt werden. Vorzugsweise weisen die dünnwandigen Behälter ein grösseres Volumen auf, als das totale Volumen der in sie eingebrachten Komponenten. Einerseits verhindert dies eine vorzeitige Zerstörung des dünnwandigen Behälters durch Bersten, z.B. von elastischen ballonartigen Behältern. Andererseits, beispielsweise im Falle von Behältern aus nicht dehnbaren Materialien, wie beispielsweise sackartigen Plastik- oder Papierhüllen, herrscht im Behälter im Vergleich mit der Umgebung kein Überdruck. To dilute gases, gas mixtures, powder or powder or liquid materials, e.g. B. to avoid by ambient air or flue gas, the materials are as close as possible to or near the place to be cleaned held by a suitable thin-walled container. This is Particularly advantageous if an explosive mixture is only close to the cleaning surface is to be produced, for example by a separate guidance of individual Gases or fuels in a pipe-like device or lance. Such a container serves, among other things, to avoid the dilution of the gases, especially before they are completely mixed and, if necessary, for their mixing Cooling. Examples of suitable thin-walled containers are stretchable thin-walled balloon-like containers, or flexible, compliant thin-walled containers such as for example sack-like envelopes or pouches. A thin-walled container is preferred at one end of a pipe, e.g. attached to the head of the lance and is inflated by the gases themselves. For an early explosion of the To prevent thin-walled container, it should be inflated faster than it heats up by convection or radiation and / or it should be cooled. The thin-walled containers preferably have a larger volume than that total volume of the components brought into it. On the one hand, this prevents premature destruction of the thin-walled container by bursting, e.g. of elastic balloon-like containers. On the other hand, for example in the case of containers made of non-stretchable materials, such as bag-like plastic or Paper envelopes, there is no excess pressure in the container compared to the environment.

Dies verhindert oder minimiert ein Ausströmen von Gas bei einer allfälligen Perforation des dünnwandigen Behälters, die beispielsweise durch Funkenflug oder scharfe Gegenstände hervorgerufen wurde.This prevents or minimizes gas leakage with a possible perforation of the thin-walled container, for example caused by flying sparks or sharp objects.

Eine Kopfkühlung der Lanze, bspw. die Kühlung eines dünnwandigen Behälters, geschieht vorzugsweise mittels passiver Kühlmethoden. Bei einer passiven Kühlung eines explosiven Gasgemischs, werden im eingeführten Zustand der Reinigungsvorrichtung keine zusätzlichen Kühlmittel von aussen zum bzw. ins explosive Gemisch geführt. Dies hat nebst allgemeinen konstruktiven Vereinfachungen der Reinigungsvorrichtung auch den Vorteil, dass Zufuhrleitungen für die zur Explosion benötigten Materialien relativ einfach von einer allfälligen Lanzenkühlung getrennt gehalten werden können. Bei der Kombination mit einer passiven Lanzenkühlung, kann das gesamte Reinigungsverfahren im wesentlichen unabhängig von einer örtlich gegebenen Infrastuktur gehalten werden.Head cooling of the lance, e.g. cooling a thin-walled container, is preferably done using passive cooling methods. With passive cooling an explosive gas mixture, are in the inserted state of the cleaning device no additional coolant from outside to or into the explosive mixture guided. In addition to general design simplifications of the cleaning device also the advantage that supply lines for those required for the explosion Materials kept relatively simple from any lance cooling can be. When combined with passive lance cooling, this can entire cleaning process essentially independent of a given locally Infrastructure are kept.

Ein dünnwandigen Behälter, und somit auch die in ihm befindlichen Materialien, kann mittels einer thermisch isolierenden Schutzhülle oder mittels einer bereits mit Kühlmittel versehenen Schutzhülle vor unerwünscht hoher Erhitzung geschützt werden. Ein Beispiel für letztere Schutzhülle kann sehr einfach gestaltet sein und bestände beispielsweise im wesentlichen aus möglichst saugfähigem Material, z. B. Krepp, oder schwammartigem Material, welches vor dem Einführen in eine heisse Anlage mit Kühlmittel, vorzugsweise Wasser, getränkt wird. Es ist aber auch möglich den dünnwandigen Behälter selber aus Kühlmittel aufnehmendem bzw. speicherndem Material herzustellen.A thin-walled container, and thus the materials in it, can by means of a thermally insulating protective cover or by means of an already with coolant provided protective cover to be protected from undesirably high temperatures. An example of the latter protective cover can be very simple and exist for example essentially from the most absorbent material possible, e.g. B. crepe, or sponge-like material, which is introduced into a hot system is soaked with coolant, preferably water. But it is also possible thin-walled container itself made of coolant absorbing or storing To produce material.

Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich den dünnwandigen Behälter mittels eines geeigneten Kühlmittels z. B. durch Aufsprühen von Wasser, Luft oder einer Mischung beider Medien auf den dünnwandigen Behälter, zu kühlen. Möglich ist auch das Eindüsen von Wassertropfen oder eines anderen Kühlmittels in den dünnwandigen Behälter während des Aufblasens, so dass seine Oberfläche von Innen her gekühlt wird. Dies kann beispielsweise mit dem Einbringen einer zur Reinigung verwendeten flüssigen oder gasförmigen Komponente kombiniert werden.Of course, it is also possible to use a thin-walled container suitable coolant e.g. B. by spraying water, air or a mixture cool both media on the thin-walled container. It is also possible injecting water drops or other coolant into the thin-walled Container during inflation, so that its surface is cooled from the inside becomes. This can be done, for example, by introducing one used for cleaning liquid or gaseous components can be combined.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Möglichkeit den dünnwandigen Behälter zu schützen besteht darin, den dünnwandigen Behälter in einer geeigneten Schutzvorrichtung in den zu reinigenden Behälter einzuführen. Dies geschieht beispielsweise mittels einer an der Reinigungsvorrichtung angebrachten Schutzvorrichtung, z. B. einer an und um eine Lanze angebrachten Schutzglocke oder -trichter. Der dünnwandige Behälter kann in unaufgeblasenem Zustand in der Schutzvorrichtung verstaut werden. Die Schutzvorrichtung ist so ausgestaltet, dass sie dem dünnwandigen Behälter die Möglichkeit zur im wesentlichen freien Entfaltung bieten, sobald dieser aufgeblasen wird. Dies kann durch eine geöffnete oder eine durch Kraft bzw. Druck sich öffnende Schutzvorrichtung realisiert werden. Eine behälterseitig, d.h. kopfseitig, angebrachte Öffnung der Schutzvorrichtung kann mit einer Abdeckung versehen sein. Eine solche Abdeckung ist vorzugsweise dünnwandig, leicht zu öffnen bzw. zu lösen, so dass sie von einem sich ausdehnenden dünnwandigen Behälter von der Schutzvorrichtung abgelöst werden kann. Sie ist vorzugsweise aus Materialien gefertigt, die mit Kühlmittel getränkt werden können, wie z.B. ein Stück Papier, Jute etc.. Je nach Gestaltung einer Abdeckung kann die gesamte Schutzvorrichtung damit umschlossen werden. Damit wird ein dünnwandiger Behälter, sowie eine Schutzvorrichtung gleichzeitig geschützt, z.B. gekühlt.Another preferred way to protect the thin-walled container is in the thin-walled container in a suitable protective device in the insert the container to be cleaned. This is done, for example, using an the protective device attached to the cleaning device, e.g. B. one on and around a protective bell or funnel attached to a lance. The thin-walled container can be stowed in the protective device when not inflated. The Protection device is designed so that it gives the thin-walled container the opportunity provide for essentially free deployment as soon as it is inflated. This can be done by an open one or one that opens by force or pressure Protective device can be realized. A container side, i.e. head-side, attached The opening of the protective device can be provided with a cover. Such Cover is preferably thin-walled, easy to open or release, so that it of an expanding thin-walled container from the protector can be replaced. It is preferably made of materials containing coolant can be soaked, e.g. a piece of paper, jute etc. depending on the design the entire protective device can be enclosed with a cover. This makes a thin-walled container and a protective device at the same time protected, e.g. cooled.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird eine indirekte, passive Kühlung aus bereits oben erwähnten Gründen, sowohl für den dünnwandigen Behälter, wie auch für die Lanze verwendet. Eine passive Kühlung für ein explosives Gemisch und eine Lanze ist unabhängig von aktiv, von aussen zugeführtem Kühlmittel während des Reinigungsverfahrens selber, d.h. im eingeführten Zustand der Lanze. Eine passive Lanzenkühlung geschieht vorzugsweise durch das Anbringen von geeigneten Materialien um das Gas und/oder Flüssigkeit führende Rohr bzw. durch Herstellung des Rohres oder von Zufuhrleitungen aus geeigneten Materialien. Dies sind beispielsweise isolierende, im wesentlichen hitzebeständige und/oder Kühlmittel aufnehmende Materialien oder geeignete Materialanordnungen. Beispiele für Letztere sind saugfähige Materialien, wie Papier, Watte oder Stoff, die vor dem Gebrauch in Wasser oder anderem Kühlmittel getränkt werden. Zum Schutz vor Verletzung einer kühlenden Schicht, können äussere Schutzschichten angebracht werden. Im Falle von saugfähigem Papier kann dies eine einfache Umwicklung aus Stoff sein. Es ist aber auch möglich eine beständigere Schutzschicht aus beispielsweise einem Metallgitter oder - geflecht oder einem zweiten Metallrohr anzubringen. Kühlmittel aufnehmende Materialien können dieses bei Bedarf wieder abgeben und durch die dabei entstehende Verdunstungskälte das Rohr oder einen dünnwandigen Behälter kühlen. Passive Kühlungen können beispielsweise auch dichte Metallgeflechte oder Keramiken sein, die in Hohlräumen oder Poren Kühlmittel aufnehmen können. Es ist auch denkbar, eine passive Kühlung aus Wärme aufnehmenden Materialien zu gestalten. Solche Materialien sind in der Lage Wärme aufzunehmen und zu speichern, statt sie weiterzuleiten. Beispiele dafür sind Materialien, die in einem geeignet gewählten Temperaturbereich einen Phasenübergang, typischerweise fest-flüssig, machen (sog. ,phase change materials' (PCM)). Ein weiteres Beispiel für eine isolierende Lanzenkühlung sind Doppelrohre, die mit Isolationsmaterial gefüllt werden können.In a preferred embodiment, indirect, passive cooling is switched off reasons already mentioned above, both for the thin-walled container, as well used for the lance. Passive cooling for one explosive mixture and one Lance is independent of active coolant supplied from outside during the Cleaning process itself, i.e. in the inserted condition of the lance. A passive one Lance cooling is preferably done by attaching suitable materials around the gas and / or liquid pipe or by producing the Pipe or supply lines made of suitable materials. These are, for example insulating, essentially heat-resistant and / or coolant-absorbing Materials or suitable material arrangements. Examples of the latter are absorbent Materials such as paper, wadding, or fabric that are in water or before use other coolant. To protect against injury to a cooling Layer, outer protective layers can be applied. In the case of absorbent On paper, this can be a simple wrapping made of fabric. It is also possible a more durable protective layer from, for example, a metal grid or - braid or a second metal pipe. Coolant absorbing Materials can return this if necessary and by the resulting Evaporative cooling cool the pipe or a thin-walled container. passive Coolings can also be dense metal mesh or ceramics, for example. which can absorb coolants in cavities or pores. It is also conceivable to design passive cooling from heat-absorbing materials. Such Materials are able to absorb and store heat instead of transmitting it. Examples of this are materials that are in a suitably chosen temperature range make a phase transition, typically solid-liquid (so-called. phase change materials' (PCM)). Another example of insulating lance cooling are double pipes that can be filled with insulation material.

Bei Bedarf können die verschiedensten Kühlungsmethoden und Schutzvorrichtungen auch kombiniert, weggelassen oder ergänzt werden.If necessary, the most varied of cooling methods and protective devices can also be combined, omitted or supplemented.

Die Zündung des explosiven Gasgemisches bzw. Flüssigkeit-/Gasgemisches, erfolgt mit aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Mitteln. Vorzugsweise geschieht dies durch elektrisch ausgelöste Funkenzündung, durch Hilfsflammen oder durch pyrotechnische Zündung mit Hilfe von entsprechend angebrachten Zündmitteln und Zündvorrichtungen. Die Zündmittel sind vorzugsweise im Bereich eines der Enden der Lanze, an einem Rohr selber oder am dünnwandigen Behälter angebracht. Das Betätigen der Zündvorrichtung sowie der Ablauf des Einströmens der Gase und/oder Einleiten von flüssigen Komponenten geschieht vorzugsweise und sicherheitshalber mittels einer Steuervorrichtung.The ignition of the explosive gas mixture or liquid / gas mixture, takes place from the state of the Technology known means. This is preferably done by electrically triggered Spark ignition, by auxiliary flames or by pyrotechnic ignition with the help of appropriately attached ignition devices and ignition devices. The igniters are preferably in the area of one of the ends of the lance, on a pipe itself or attached to the thin-walled container. The actuation of the ignition device as well the process of inflowing the gases and / or introducing liquid components happens preferably and for safety's sake by means of a control device.

Der Ablauf einer Sprengung in einem heissen Behälter geschieht in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform folgendermassen:

  • Gas-Druckbehälter werden durch das Betätigen entsprechender Ventile aus Druckgasflaschen mit den jeweiligen Gasen, z.B. Acetylen oder Aethan und Sauerstoff und mit den gewünschten Gasmengen/-drucken gefüllt.
  • Am einen Ende eines Rohres wird ein dünnwandiger Behälter (bspw. aus Plastik, eine ballon- oder sackartige Hülle oder ein Beutel) befestigt, z.B. aufgesteckt, geklemmt oder mit Klebeband angeklebt, und/oder gefaltet in der Schutzvorrichtung verstaut.
  • Falls gewünscht, wird eine Kopfkühlung aktiviert, z.B. eine Schutzhülle (isolierend und/oder kühlend) befestigt bzw. mit Kühlmittel getränkt und/oder die Kühlung zusammen mit dem Gas gestartet.
  • Die Lanze wird von aussen in den zu reinigenden Behälter eingeführt, z.B. durch eine Einstiegsöffnung, so dass das Rohrende inklusive dünnwandiger Behälter vor der zu reinigenden Fläche platziert wird.
  • Das Öffnen der Ventile der Gas-Druckbehälter startet das Befüllen des dünnwandigen Behälters mit der Gasmischung.
  • Die Zündvorrichtung wird betätigt und die Explosion ausgelöst.
In a preferred embodiment, the explosion in a hot container takes place as follows:
  • Gas pressure containers are filled with the respective gases, for example acetylene or ethane and oxygen and with the desired gas quantities / pressures, by actuating corresponding valves from compressed gas cylinders.
  • At one end of a tube, a thin-walled container (for example made of plastic, a balloon-like or sack-like envelope or a bag) is attached, for example put on, clamped or glued with adhesive tape, and / or folded away in the protective device.
  • If desired, head cooling is activated, for example a protective cover (insulating and / or cooling) is attached or soaked with coolant and / or the cooling is started together with the gas.
  • The lance is inserted from the outside into the container to be cleaned, for example through an entry opening, so that the pipe end including the thin-walled container is placed in front of the surface to be cleaned.
  • Opening the valves of the gas pressure vessel starts filling the thin-walled vessel with the gas mixture.
  • The ignition device is actuated and the explosion is triggered.

Einzelne Schritte des oben erwähnten Ablaufs eines erfindungsgemässen Sprengreinigungsverfahrens können auch durch Zwischenschritte ergänzt und/oder automatisiert werden. Beispielsweise kann das Auslösen des Explosionsvorgangs mit Sicherheitsmechanismen verbunden sein. Diese starten vorzugsweise die Gaszufuhr aus den Druckbehältern in den dünnwandigen Behälter und unterbrechen diese Verbindung bevor die eigentliche Explosion, z.B. mittels Aktivieren der Zündmittel, erfolgt. Dies verhindert bspw. Rückschläge in die Zufuhrleitungen oder unkontrollierte Explosionen. Zusätzlich kann das Reinigungsverfahren auch ein Vorrichtungsreinigungsschritt beinhalten. Dieser wird beispielsweise durch eine an die Explosion anschliessende Spülung der Lanze bzw. einzelner Rohre mittels Pressluft realisiert.Individual steps of the above-mentioned sequence of an explosive cleaning method according to the invention can also be supplemented and / or automated by intermediate steps become. For example, the explosion process can be triggered with safety mechanisms be connected. These preferably start the gas supply the pressure containers in the thin-walled container and break this connection before the actual explosion, e.g. by activating the ignition means. This prevents setbacks, for example into the supply lines or uncontrolled explosions. In addition, that can Cleaning procedures also include a device cleaning step. This will for example by flushing the lance or of individual pipes using compressed air.

Im Folgenden werden Ausführungsformen der Vorrichtung zum erfindungsgemässen Reinigungsverfahren von verschlackten Behältern anhand von beispielhaften und schematisch gezeichneten Figuren näher erläutert.In the following, embodiments of the device according to the invention are described Cleaning process of slagged containers using exemplary and schematically drawn figures explained in more detail.

Dabei zeigt

  • Figur 1 eine vereinfachte Darstellung einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung, ohne dünnwandigen Behälter dargestellt,
  • Figur 2 eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung,
  • Figur 3 eine dritte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung.
    • It shows
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified illustration of an embodiment of the device according to the invention, without a thin-walled container,
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention,
  • Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the device according to the invention.

    • In Figur 1 ist eine Vorrichtung 10 ohne dünnwandigen Behälter zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Reinigungsverfahren dargestellt. Die Vorrichtung 10 beinhaltet rohrähnliche Zufuhrleitungen 1, 2 durch die, vorzugsweise nach ihrer Positionierung, unterschiedliche Gase, z. B. Sauerstoff 3 und Aethan 4, aber auch flüssige Brennstoffe oder Oxidationsmittel in die Nähe einer zu reinigenden Wand 5 geleitet werden. Die Gase 3, 4 und/oder Flüssigkeiten bilden im Bereich der Wandverschmutzung 6 ein explosives Gemisch 7. Mittels einer Zündvorrichtung 8, die sich von ausserhalb des zu reinigenden Behälters oder der Anlage steuern und betätigen lässt, wird das explosive Gemisch 7 bspw. durch Bildung eines Zündfunkens 9 gezündet. Die Explosion kann auch durch eine sich im Bereich des Gemisches 7, z. B. an den Zufuhrleitungen 1, 2 befindlichen Zündung ausgelöst werden. Die Zufuhrleitungen 1, 2 bzw. die Zündvorrichtung 8 sind hier so gestaltet, dass der Zündfunke 9 nicht direkt vor einem Ende einer Zufuhrleitung 1,2 zu liegen kommt, um einen Rückschlag der Reinigungsvorrichtung 10 bzw. eine Rückzündung in die Zufuhrleitungen 1, 2 zu vermeiden. Dies kann dadurch realisiert werden, indem der Zündfunke 9 im Bereich zwischen den Enden von unterschiedlich langen Zufuhrleitungen 1, 2 zu liegen kommt. FIG. 1 shows a device 10 without a thin-walled container for carrying out the cleaning method according to the invention. The device 10 contains tube-like supply lines 1, 2 through which, preferably after their positioning, different gases, e.g. B. oxygen 3 and ethane 4, but also liquid fuels or oxidizing agents in the vicinity of a wall 5 to be cleaned. The gases 3, 4 and / or liquids form an explosive mixture 7 in the area of the wall contamination 6. By means of an ignition device 8, which can be controlled and actuated from outside the container or the system to be cleaned, the explosive mixture 7 is formed, for example, by formation a spark 9 ignited. The explosion can also occur in the area of the mixture 7, e.g. B. triggered on the supply lines 1, 2 ignition. The feed lines 1, 2 and the ignition device 8 are designed here in such a way that the ignition spark 9 does not come directly in front of one end of a feed line 1, 2 in order to kick back the cleaning device 10 or re-ignite the feed lines 1, 2 avoid. This can be realized in that the ignition spark 9 comes to lie in the area between the ends of supply lines 1, 2 of different lengths.

    Die Zufuhrleitungen 1, 2 und die Zündvorrichtung 8 oder Teile davon können auch gemeinsam in einer rohrähnlichen Hülle, z. B. einem Rohr, untergebracht werden. Vorzugsweise ist die Vorrichtung 10 auch mit einer Kühlung versehen. Die Kühlung geschieht vorzugsweise mittels Verdunstung von Kühlmittel, die die Zufuhrleitungen 1, 2 oder die eventuell vorhandene gemeinsame Hülle kühlen. Eine aktive Kühlung geschieht bspw. mittels Luft- und/oder Wasserzufuhr von aussen in und/oder durch die Zufuhrleitungen 1,2. The supply lines 1, 2 and the ignition device 8 or parts thereof can also together in a tube-like envelope, e.g. B. a pipe. The device 10 is preferably also provided with cooling. The cooling is preferably done by means of evaporation of coolant that the supply lines 1, 2 or cool the common casing, if present. Active cooling happens for example by means of air and / or water supply from the outside in and / or through the supply lines 1,2.

    Bei einem an der Vorrichtung 10 vorhandenen dünnwandigen Behälter (in Figur 1 nicht dargestellt) zum Schutz der Gase vor Verdünnung, ist eine Kopfkühlung der Lanze vorzugsweise als eine mit Kühlmittel getränkte Schutzhülle gestaltet. Die Kopfkühlung kann aber auch als eine bis in den Behälter hinein geführte Kühlmittelzufuhr gestaltet sein. So wird der dünnwandige Behälter bzw. das im Behälter befindliche Gas- oder Gas-/Flüssigkeitsgemisch gekühlt. Die für die Zufuhrleitungen 1, 2 und/oder ein gemeinsames Rohr verwendeten Materialien besitzen zudem vorzugsweise thermisch isolierende Eigenschaften, um das darin befindliche Gas 3, 4 oder die Flüssigkeit vor äusseren Hitzeeinflüssen, z. B. Rauchgas, zu schützen.With a thin-walled container present on the device 10 (not shown in Figure 1) to protect the gases from dilution, head cooling of the lance is preferred designed as a protective cover soaked with coolant. The head cooling can can also be designed as a coolant supply led into the container. So becomes the thin-walled container or the gas or gas / liquid mixture located in the container cooled. The for the supply lines 1, 2 and / or a common Pipe materials also preferably have thermal insulation Properties to the gas 3, 4 contained therein or the liquid in front Influences of heat, e.g. B. flue gas to protect.

    In Figur 2 ist eine weitere beispielhafte Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemässen Reinigungsverfahrens gezeigt. Eine kühlbare bzw. isolierte Lanze 20, beinhaltend eine Ummantelung 21 und ein Innenrohr 22, weist an ihrem einen Ende Anschlüsse 23 für die Gaszufuhr auf. Ebenfalls im Bereich dieses Endes der Lanze 20, befindet sich ein geeignetes Zündmittel, z.B. eine Zündkerze 19, mit der ein explosives Gasgemisch vorzugsweise elektrisch gezündet werden kann. Die Ummantelung 21 schützt die Lanze 20 und das darin befindliche Gas oder Gasgemisch vor Erhitzung. Sie beinhaltet vorzugsweise saugfähiges Material, z. B. Papier, und kann noch zusätzlich mit einer, das saugfähige Material umhüllenden Schutzschicht, z. B. ein saugfähiges Gewebe oder eine Wärme reflektierende, vorzugsweise mit Öffnungen versehene folienartige Hülle, versehen sein. Eine allfällige Schutzschicht, hier nicht näher dargestellt, dient im wesentlichen dazu, das Ablösen bzw. Verletzen des als Kühlmittel speichernde bzw. als Isolation dienende Material der Ummantelung 21 durch äussere mechanische Einwirkungen zu verhindern oder zu reduzieren. Eine Schutzschicht kann auch mit zusätzlichen saugfähigen oder isolierenden Eigenschaften ausgestattet sein. FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary device for carrying out the cleaning method according to the invention. A coolable or insulated lance 20, including a casing 21 and an inner tube 22, has connections 23 for the gas supply at one end. Also in the area of this end of the lance 20 there is a suitable ignition means, for example a spark plug 19, with which an explosive gas mixture can preferably be ignited electrically. The jacket 21 protects the lance 20 and the gas or gas mixture therein from heating. It preferably contains absorbent material, e.g. As paper, and can additionally with a protective layer enveloping the absorbent material, for. B. an absorbent fabric or a heat reflecting, preferably provided with openings film-like envelope. A possible protective layer, not shown in more detail here, essentially serves to prevent or reduce the detachment or injury of the material of the casing 21, which stores coolant or serves as insulation, by external mechanical influences. A protective layer can also be equipped with additional absorbent or insulating properties.

    Am anderen Ende der Lanze 20 ist ein dünnwandiger Behälter 25, hier bereits aufgeblasen, und eine Schutzglocke 27 angebracht. Der dünnwandige Behälter 25 ist am Innenrohr 22 befestigt, derart dass er durch das, das Innenrohr durchströmende, Gas oder Gasgemisch aufgeblasen wird. Der dünnwandige Behälter besteht hier aus einer im wesentlichen gasdichten Kunststoffhülle 25a, z.B. ein aus Polyethylen hergestellter Plastiksack, und einer die Kunststoffhülle 25a umgebenden Schutzhülle 25b. Die Schutzhülle 25b ist vorzugsweise eine Hülle aus saugfähigem Papier, das mit der Kunststoffhülle 25a verbunden, vorzugsweise verklebt, ist. Vor dem Gebrauch der Lanze 20, d.h. vor dem Einführen der Lanze 20 in eine zu reinigende Anlage, wird die Papierhülle und die Ummantelung 21 der Lanze mit Kühlmittel versetzt, z.B. mit Wasser getränkt. Der dünnwandige Behälter 25 wird zusammengelegt in der Schutzglocke 27 verstaut. Über der Schutzglocke befindet sich vorzugsweise noch eine zusätzliche, mit Kühlmittel getränkte Abdeckung (nicht näher dargestellt), um den drin befindlichen dünnwandigen Behälter und u.U. auch die Schutzglocke, zusätzlich zu kühlen und gegebenenfalls vor mechanischen Einflüssen zu schützen. Nach dem Einführen und Positionieren der Lanze in bzw. im zu reinigenden Behälter, verlässt der dünnwandige Behälter beim Aufblasen die Schutzglocke 27. Dabei ist er durch die wassergetränkte Papierhülle und das Innenrohr 22 durch die Ummantelung 21 vor der Hitze der Rauchgase geschützt. Die Schutzglocke 27 ist leicht konisch, becherförmig nach aussen hin geöffnet, um der aufgeblasenen Hülle oder dem ballonartigen Behälter genügend Raum zu geben. Eine Schutzvorrichtung ist beispielsweise hohlkegel- bzw. hohlzylinder- oder schalenförmig. Sie weist vorzugsweise eine einseitig angebrachte Aussparung zur Durchführung von Zufuhrleitung (-en) auf und anderseitig eine Öffnung für einen dünnwandigen Behälter. Eine Schutzvorrichtung kann auch doppelwandig gestaltet sein, so dass ein allfälliger Innenraum mit Isolationsmaterial oder Kühlmittel gefüllt ist bzw. werden kann. Die Schutzglocke 27, die Ummantelung 21 oder eine andere Schutzvorrichtung sind fix an der Lanze befestigt. Sie können aber auch derart gestaltet sein, so dass sie über die Lanze geschoben oder darum gelegt und unterschiedlich positioniert werden können. Dies erlaubt bei Bedarf ein leichtes Ersetzen einer Schutzvorrichtung nach einem Reinigungsverfahren. Aus technischen und wirtschaftlichen Überlegungen werden für Schutzvorrichtungen jedoch möglichst hitzebeständige Materialien verwendet. At the other end of the lance 20 is a thin-walled container 25, already inflated here, and a protective bell 27 is attached. The thin-walled container 25 is on Inner tube 22 is attached such that it passes through the gas flowing through the inner tube or gas mixture is inflated. The thin-walled container consists of one substantially gas-tight plastic sleeve 25a, e.g. one made of polyethylene Plastic bag, and a protective cover 25b surrounding the plastic cover 25a. The protective cover 25b is preferably a cover made of absorbent paper, which with the Plastic sleeve 25a is connected, preferably glued. Before using the Lance 20, i.e. before inserting the lance 20 into a system to be cleaned coolant is added to the paper sleeve and the jacket 21 of the lance, e.g. With Water soaked. The thin-walled container 25 is folded up in the protective bell 27 stowed. There is preferably another one above the protective bell additional, soaked with coolant cover (not shown) to the thin-walled container inside and possibly also the protective bell, in addition to cool and if necessary to protect against mechanical influences. After this Insertion and positioning of the lance in or in the container to be cleaned the thin-walled container inflates the protective bell 27. It is through the water-soaked paper wrapper and the inner tube 22 through the casing 21 protected from the heat of the flue gases. The protective bell 27 is slightly conical, cup-shaped open to the outside to the inflated envelope or the balloon-like To give containers enough space. A protective device is for example hollow cone or hollow cylinder or bowl-shaped. It preferably points a recess on one side to feed the supply line (s) and on the other side an opening for a thin-walled container. A protective device can also be double-walled, so that a possible interior with Insulation material or coolant is or can be filled. The protective bell 27, the casing 21 or another protective device are fixed to the lance attached. But they can also be designed so that they are pushed over the lance or placed around it and positioned differently. This allows a protective device to be easily replaced after a cleaning process, if necessary. For technical and economic considerations Protective devices, however, heat-resistant materials used.

    Der Anschluss für die Gaszufuhr 23 ist am Innenrohr 22 angebracht und verbindet zwei Gaszufuhrleitungen 29, 30 mit der Lanze 20. Die eine Gaszufuhrleitung 30 ist über ein erstes Magnetventil 32 mit einem ersten Druckbehälter 34 verbunden, wobei dieser wiederum über ein viertes Ventil 38 an einer handelsüblichen ersten Gasflasche 36, z.B. Sauerstofflasche, angeschlossen ist. Die zweite Gaszufuhrleitung 29 ist im wesentlichen gleich gestaltet, d.h. über eine zweites Magnetventil 31 mit einem zweiten Druckbehälter 33 verbunden. Dieser wiederum ist über ein drittes Ventil 37 an einer zweiten handelsüblichen Gasflasche 35 angeschlossen. Die zweite Gasflasche 35 beinhaltet entsprechend ein brennbares Gas, wie beispielsweise Acetylen, Ethylen oder Aethan.The connection for the gas supply 23 is attached to the inner tube 22 and connects two gas supply lines 29, 30 with the lance 20. Which is a gas supply line 30 connected to a first pressure vessel 34 via a first solenoid valve 32, wherein this in turn via a fourth valve 38 on a commercially available first gas bottle 36, e.g. Oxygen cylinder, is connected. The second gas supply line 29 is designed essentially the same, i.e. via a second solenoid valve 31 with a second pressure vessel 33 connected. This in turn is via a third valve 37 connected to a second commercially available gas bottle 35. The second gas bottle 35 accordingly contains a combustible gas, such as acetylene, Ethylene or ethane.

    Nach Öffnen des dritten und vierten Ventils 37, 38 werden die Druckbehälter 33, 34 mit den entsprechenden Gasen befüllt. Ein sich im Experiment bereits bewährter Fülldruck liegt bei max. 15 bar, wobei die Druckbehältervolumina beispielsweise Werte von 1.51 für Aethan und 5 1 für Sauerstoff aufweisen und eine typischerweise 100 1-200 I umfassende Gesamtgasmenge für die Reinigung gängiger Behälter verwendet wird. Das Verhältnis der Volumina der beiden Druckbehälter entspricht vorzugsweise dem stöchiometrischen Verhältnis der beiden Gase für eine komplette Verbrennung. Die Drucke der Gase in den Druckbehältern bestimmen die Stärke der Explosion und lassen sich über Reduzierventile an den Gasflaschen 35, 36 einstellen. Diese Drucke sind vorzugsweise gleich gross.After opening the third and fourth valves 37, 38, the pressure vessels 33, 34 filled with the appropriate gases. An already proven in the experiment Filling pressure is max. 15 bar, with the pressure vessel volumes for example Have values of 1.51 for ethane and 5 1 for oxygen and one typically 100 1-200 I total gas volume used for cleaning common containers becomes. The ratio of the volumes of the two pressure vessels preferably corresponds the stoichiometric ratio of the two gases for a complete Combustion. The pressures of the gases in the pressure vessels determine the strength of the Explosion and can be adjusted via reducing valves on the gas bottles 35, 36. These prints are preferably the same size.

    Mittels eines externen, mit der Zündkerze 19 an der Lanze 20 verbundenen Druckschalters 39 wird der Explosionsvorgang eingeleitet. Der Ablauf wird vorzugsweise über eine Steuerung 40, z. B. Relaissteuerung, gesteuert. Die Steuerwege sind in der Figur als gestrichelte Linien eingezeichnet, wobei die Signalrichtung mit Pfeilen angegeben ist. Als erstes werden die Magnetventile kurzzeitig, z.B. für wenig Sekunden; geöffnet. Die Gasinhalte der Druckbehälter 33,34 strömen während dieser Zeit über die getrennten Gaszufuhrleitungen 29,30 in die Lanze 20. Dort werden sie miteinander vermischt und durchs Innenrohr 22 in den dünnwandigen Behälter 25 geleitet, wobei sie diesen aufblasen. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Reinigungsvorrichtung, werden die Gaszufuhrleitungen 29,30 im Innenrohr 22 der Lanze 20 getrennt gehalten, so dass sich die Gase erst im dünnwandigen Behälter 25 vermischen und dort ein explosives Gasgemisch bilden.By means of an external pressure switch connected to the spark plug 19 on the lance 20 39 the explosion process is initiated. The process is preferred via a controller 40, e.g. B. relay control, controlled. The control routes are in the Figure drawn as dashed lines, the signal direction with arrows is specified. First, the solenoid valves are briefly, e.g. for a few seconds; open. The gas contents of the pressure vessels 33, 34 flow during this Time through the separate gas supply lines 29,30 into the lance 20. There they become mixed together and through the inner tube 22 into the thin-walled container 25 headed, inflating it. In a preferred embodiment of the cleaning device, the gas supply lines 29,30 in the inner tube 22 of the lance 20 kept separate so that the gases only in the thin-walled container 25th mix and form an explosive gas mixture there.

    Nach dem Schliessen der Magentventile 31,32 wird vorzugsweise nach einer gewählten Zeitverzögerung, z.B. 0.5s, das Zündmittel gezündet und die Explosion ausgelöst. Je nach gewählter Ausführung der Gaszufuhr, ist die Zündkerze 19 oder das Zündmittel entsprechend an der Lanze positioniert. Der Aufblasvorgang des dünnwandigen Behälters bis zur Zündung beträgt einige wenige Sekunden, typischerweise 1-3s, z.B. 2s.After the closure of the magnetic valves 31, 32, a choice is preferably made Time delay, e.g. 0.5s, the primer ignited and the explosion triggered. Depending on the selected version of the gas supply, the spark plug is 19 or the ignition device is positioned accordingly on the lance. The inflation process of the thin-walled container to ignition is a few seconds, typically 1-3s, e.g. 2s.

    Nach der Zündung des Gasgemisches wird das Innenrohr vorzugsweise von den Resten der Explosion, z.B. Schlacke, gereinigt. Dies geschieht beispielsweise mittels Pressluft, die durch das Innenrohr 22 geschickt wird. Dazu weist eine der Gaszufuhrleitungen 30 ein zusätzliches Ventil 41 auf, das mit einem Pressluftreservoir 42, z. B. einem Pressluftgenerator bzw. einer Pressluftflasche, verbunden ist. Dieses Ventil 41, hier als Magnetventil eingezeichnet, kann vorzugsweise ebenfalls angesteuert und automatisch betätigt werden.After the ignition of the gas mixture, the inner tube is preferably from the Remnants of the explosion, e.g. Slag, cleaned. This happens for example by means of Compressed air that is sent through the inner tube 22. One of the gas supply lines points to this 30 an additional valve 41, which is equipped with a compressed air reservoir 42, z. B. a compressed air generator or a compressed air bottle, is connected. This Valve 41, shown here as a solenoid valve, can preferably also be activated and operated automatically.

    Werden für die Reinigung nicht nur gasförmige, sondern auch bzw. ausschliesslich flüssige Materialien verwendet, so kann das Volumen des dünnwandigen Behälters 25 entsprechend klein gehalten werden. Er wird dann aus entsprechend geeignetem Material hergestellt, z. B. als im wesentlichen für Flüssigkeiten dichten Kunststoffhüllen gestaltet. Are not only gaseous for cleaning, but also or exclusively liquid materials used, so the volume of the thin-walled container 25 are kept correspondingly small. It will then be made from the appropriate Material made, e.g. B. as essentially liquid-tight plastic sleeves designed.

    Figur 3 zeigt eine dritte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung. Sie beinhaltet einen beispielhaften Aufbau einer kühlbaren Lanze 50. Eine Mehrheit der Bezugszeichen sind dieselben wie in Figur 2. Diese beziehen sich entsprechend auf dieselben beispielhaften Merkmale und Elemente und werden an dieser Stelle nicht alle nochmals erwähnt. Die kühlbare Lanze 50, beinhaltend ein Aussenrohr 51 und ein Innenrohr 52, weist an ihrem einen Ende Anschlüsse 23, 24 für die Gaszufuhr, sowie für die Kühlung auf. Zwischen Aussen- 51 und Innenrohr 52 wird ein Kühlmittel, z.B. ein Wasser/Luftgemisch, geführt. Es tritt am zweiten Ende der Lanze 50 wieder aus, was durch Pfeile angezeigt ist. An diesem zweiten Ende der Lanze 50 ist wiederum eine Schutzglocke 27 für einen dünnwandigen Behälter 25 angebracht. Je nach Durchflussgeschwindigkeit bzw. Distanz der Kühlmittelaustrittsöffnung der Lanze 50 zur Schutzglocke 27, kann das durch die Lanze 50 geführte Kühlmittel auch die Schutzglocke 27 kühlen. FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the device according to the invention. It includes an exemplary design of a coolable lance 50. A majority of the reference numerals are the same as in FIG. 2. These relate accordingly to the same exemplary features and elements and are not all mentioned again here. The coolable lance 50, comprising an outer tube 51 and an inner tube 52, has connections 23, 24 at one end for the gas supply and for cooling. A coolant, for example a water / air mixture, is guided between the outer tube 51 and the inner tube 52. It emerges again at the second end of the lance 50, which is indicated by arrows. A protective bell 27 for a thin-walled container 25 is in turn attached to this second end of the lance 50. Depending on the flow rate or the distance of the coolant outlet opening of the lance 50 to the protective bell 27, the coolant passed through the lance 50 can also cool the protective bell 27.

    Der Anschluss 24 der Kühlung ist mit einem Kühlungsanschlussventil 28, z.B. einem Handventil, versehen. Das Betätigen desselben erlaubt ein beliebiges Zu- und Abschalten der Kühlung. Vorzugsweise ist auch das Herstellen eines bestimmten Mischverhältnisses unterschiedlicher Kühlmedien, hier dargestellt durch zwei Anschlussleitungen/-schläuche 24a, b, möglich.The connection 24 of the cooling is connected to a cooling connection valve 28, e.g. one Manual valve. Pressing it allows you to switch it on and off as required the cooling. It is also preferable to manufacture a specific one Mixing ratio of different cooling media, shown here by two connecting lines / hoses 24a, b, possible.

    Eine auf diese Weise gestaltete Lanzenkühlung wird vorzugsweise vor dem Einführen der Lanze 50 in einen heissen Behälter aktiviert. Sie bleibt typischerweise während der gesamten Zeit, in der die Lanze der Hitze ausgesetzt ist, eingeschaltet. Eine solche aktive Lanzenkühlung kann auch in eine Steuerung 40 miteinbezogen werden. Es ist selbstverständlich auch möglich, ein Kühlmittel durch einen Kühlanschluss am einen Ende der Lanze 50 einzuführen und es zum selben Ende wieder zurückfliessen zu lassen. Dies wäre beispielsweise bei einseitig geschlossenem Aussenrohr 51, bei im wesentlichen U-förmiger oder konzentrischer Kühlmittelführung, möglich. A lance cooling system designed in this way is preferably used before insertion the lance 50 is activated in a hot container. It typically stays during the entire time the lance is exposed to the heat. A Such active lance cooling can also be included in a controller 40. It is of course also possible to coolant through a cooling connection on insert one end of the lance 50 and flow it back to the same end to let. This would be, for example, with the outer tube 51 closed on one side, with im essential U-shaped or concentric coolant flow possible.

    Das erfindungsgemässe Reinigungsverfahren läuft mit der in Figur 3 beschriebenen Vorrichtung ähnlich ab wie das aus Figur 2: Tränken eines dünnwandigen Behälters 25 mit Kühlmittel, aktivieren der Lanzenkühlung, Einführen und Positionieren der Lanze, Befüllen der Druckbehälter 33,34 mit den gewünschten Gasmengen, Auslösen des Zündvorgangs mittels Betätigen eines Druckschalters 39. Das bzw. die Gase strömen durch die Lanze 50 und blasen den dünnwandigen Behälter auf. Dieser wird anfänglich noch durch die Schutzglocke 27, dann im wesentlichen durch die getränkte Schutzhülle 25b vor Erhitzung geschützt. Ist die gewünschte Gasmenge im dünnwandigen Behälter 25 angelangt, wir das explosive Gasgemisch mittels geeigneter Zündmittel 19 gezündet. Vorzugsweise wird nach der Durchführung des Reinigungsverfahrens das Innenrohr 52 und u.U. auch das Aussenrohr 51 in einem Reinigungsschritt gesäubert, z.B. mittels Pressluft von Schlacke und Wasser befreit.The cleaning method according to the invention runs with the one described in FIG. 3 Device similar to that from Figure 2: impregnation of a thin-walled container 25 with coolant, activate the lance cooling, insert and position the Lance, fill the pressure containers 33, 34 with the desired gas quantities, trigger of the ignition process by actuating a pressure switch 39. The gas or gases flow through the lance 50 and inflate the thin-walled container. This will initially by the protective bell 27, then essentially by the soaked Protective cover 25b protected from heating. Is the desired amount of gas in the arrived thin-walled container 25, we the explosive gas mixture by means of suitable Ignition means 19 ignited. Preferably after the cleaning process is carried out the inner tube 52 and possibly also the outer tube 51 in a cleaning step cleaned, e.g. freed of slag and water by means of compressed air.

    Die Verwendung eines dünnwandigen Behälters entsprechend der vorliegenden Erfindung bietet den Vorteil, dass er äusserst kostengünstig herzustellen ist. Ein zusätzlicher Vorteil eines papierumhüllten Plastiksacks als dünnwandiger Behälter ist, dass möglicher Funkenflug den Plastiksack perforieren kann, die Hülle aber weiterhin das explosive Gas oder Gasgemisch schützt. Eine Schutzhülle aus saugfähigem Material kann mehrschichtig gestaltet sein. Durch das beispielsweise Anbringen mehrerer Einfach-Schutzhüllen kann er so an Temperaturen in unterschiedlich heissen Behältern angepasst werden. Durch Ausnutzung der Verdunstungskälte geeigneter Kühlmittel ist keine Zufuhr von Kühlmittel in bzw. durch die Lanze während des eigentlichen Reinigungsverfahrens notwendig.The use of a thin-walled container according to the present invention offers the advantage that it is extremely cost-effective to manufacture. An additional one The advantage of a paper-covered plastic sack as a thin-walled container is that possible flying sparks can perforate the plastic bag, but the cover can still protects the explosive gas or gas mixture. A protective cover made of absorbent Material can be multi-layered. By attaching it, for example several single protective covers, it can be called at different temperatures Containers can be adjusted. By using the evaporative cooling more suitable Coolant is not a supply of coolant to or through the lance during of the actual cleaning process necessary.

    Claims (20)

    1. Method for the cleaning of contamination with dirt, or caking or slag deposits (6) in vessels and installations by means of blasting technology, preferably during the operation of the installation or when the vessel is hot, characterised in that a pipe-like device or lance (20) is brought from the outside into the vessel or the installation such that the muzzle of the pipe-like device or lance (20) is positioned in the proximity of the contamination with dirt, that an explosive mixture (7), or components that form an explosive mixture upon mixing, are guided through the pipe-like device or lance (20) and are introduced into a thin-walled container (25), which is attached to the pipe-like device or lance (20) and thus reach the proximity of the dirt contamination, or caking or slag deposits (6) and that the explosive mixture (7), optionally formed upon mixing of the components, thereupon is made to detonate, wherein the thin-walled container is destroyed.
    2. Method for the cleaning of contamination with dirt, or caking or slag deposits in vessels and installations according to claim 1, characterised in that the explosive mixture or the components are at least partially in a gaseous, liquid or powdery form.
    3. Method for the cleaning of contamination with dirt, or caking or slag deposits in vessels and installations according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the thin-walled container (25) by means of a pipe-like device, or lance (20) is brought into the proximity of the contamination with dirt, or caking or slag deposits (6).
    4. Method for the cleaning of contamination with dirt, or caking or slag deposits in vessels and installations according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the thin-walled container (25) is inflated by gases (3, 4) or the explosive mixture (7) before the detonation.
    5. Method for the cleaning of contamination with dirt, or caking or slag deposits in vessels and installations according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the explosive mixture (7) is produced in the thin-walled container (25).
    6. Method for the cleaning of contamination with dirt, or caking or slag deposits in vessels and installations according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that gases (3, 4) or the explosive mixture (7) flow out of at least one pressure vessel (33, 34) into the pipe-like device, or the lance (20).
    7. Method for the cleaning of contamination with dirt, or caking or slag deposits in vessels and installations according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the explosive mixture (7) is produced by the mixing of a gaseous fuel (4) and a gaseous oxidising agent (3).
    8. Method for the cleaning of contamination with dirt, or caking or slag deposits in vessels and installations according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that as thin-walled container (25) an inflatable envelope, such as, for example, a flexible plastic envelope (25a) or an elastic, balloon-like container is utilised.
    9. Method for the cleaning of contamination with dirt, or caking or slag deposits in vessels and installations according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the thin-walled container (25) and/or the pipe-like device or lance (20) is cooled.
    10. Method for the cleaning of contamination with dirt, or caking or slag deposits in vessels and installations according to claim 9, characterised in that the thin-walled container (25) is cooled by a protective envelope (25b) soaked with coolant.
    11. Device for the cleaning of contamination with dirt, or caking or slag deposits in vessels and installations, characterised in that it is a lance designed in the manner of a pipe and comprises means of supply (1,2) on one end of the lance, wherein the means for supply is designed to conduct an explosive mixture (7) or to conduct, possibly separately, components that form an explosive mixture upon mixing, into the lance and that the lance comprises, on its end to be guided into the vessel, a flexible, thin-walled container (25) for accommodation of the explosive mixture (7) or the components forming an explosive mixture upon mixing, wherein the flexible thin-walled container (25) is essentially gastight or liquid-tight.
    12. Device according to claim 11, characterised in that the flexible thin-walled container (25) in an uninflated state does not contain any explosive material.
    13. Device according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that at least one further vessel (33,34,35,36) is connected to the means of supply, which further vessel contains an explosive mixture (7) or a component forming an explosive mixture upon mixing.
    14. Device according to claim 13, characterised in that the further vessel is a pressure vessel (33,34).
    15. Device according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterised in that the means of supply are designed such that the components that form an explosive mixture upon mixing may be led separately through the lance.
    16. Device according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterised in that the flexible, thin-walled container (25) is an inflatable envelope, such as, for example, a flexible plastic envelope (25a) or an elastic, balloon-like container.
    17. Device according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterised in that it comprises means of ignition (8) for the ignition of the explosive mixture (7), or the explosive mixture that is optionally formed upon mixing of the components.
    18. Device according to one of claims 11 to 17, characterised in that it comprises means for cooling the shaft of the lance and/or a head cooling system.
    19. Device according to claim 18, characterised in that the head cooling system comprises a protective envelope (25b) soakeable with coolant.
    20. Device according to one of claims 11 to 19, characterised in that a protective device (27), wherein the flexible, thin-walled container is stored in an uninflated condition, is attached to an end of the lance designed in the manner of a pipe, which end is to be led into the vessel.
    EP02704538A 2001-04-12 2002-03-25 Method and apparatus for cleaning combustion devices Expired - Lifetime EP1362213B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DK02704538T DK1362213T3 (en) 2001-04-12 2002-03-25 Method and apparatus for cleaning combustion devices

    Applications Claiming Priority (5)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    CH700012001 2001-04-12
    CH00700/01A CH695117A5 (en) 2001-04-12 2001-04-12 Cleaning of scale and other baked deposits, at rubbish incinerators or coal-fired boilers, uses a lance to carry an explosive gas mixture into a thin-walled container to be exploded in the vicinity of the deposits to detach them
    CH154022002 2002-01-30
    CH1542002 2002-01-30
    PCT/CH2002/000174 WO2002084193A1 (en) 2001-04-12 2002-03-25 Method for cleaning combustion devices

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    EP1362213A1 EP1362213A1 (en) 2003-11-19
    EP1362213B1 true EP1362213B1 (en) 2004-12-15

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    US (1) US6935281B2 (en)
    EP (1) EP1362213B1 (en)
    JP (2) JP4526230B2 (en)
    KR (1) KR100926846B1 (en)
    CN (1) CN100538240C (en)
    AT (1) ATE285059T1 (en)
    AU (1) AU2002238344B2 (en)
    CA (1) CA2443916C (en)
    CZ (1) CZ304976B6 (en)
    DE (1) DE50201779D1 (en)
    DK (1) DK1362213T3 (en)
    ES (1) ES2235009T3 (en)
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    PL (1) PL200448B1 (en)
    PT (1) PT1362213E (en)
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    WO2013082730A1 (en) 2011-12-07 2013-06-13 Bang & Clean Gmbh Apparatus and method for cleaning combustion devices
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    EP3753641A1 (en) 2013-02-11 2020-12-23 Bang & Clean GmbH Device for cleaning insides of containers and installations
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    WO2015120563A1 (en) 2014-02-11 2015-08-20 Bang & Clean Gmbh Method and device for cleaning interiors of containers and systems
    EA036159B1 (en) * 2014-02-11 2020-10-08 Бэнг Энд Клин Гмбх Method and device for cleaning interiors of containers and systems
    CH709242A1 (en) * 2014-02-11 2015-08-14 Bang & Clean Gmbh Method and apparatus for cleaning the interiors of containers and equipment by means of explosion technology.
    DE102015207350A1 (en) 2014-04-23 2015-10-29 Kiw Kessel- Und Industriewartung Gmbh Apparatus and method for on-line cleaning of heat exchangers in vacuum boilers operating with thermal combustion
    WO2018215582A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Bang & Clean Gmbh Method and device for cleaning interiors of containers and facilities
    CH713804A1 (en) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-30 Bang & Clean Gmbh Apparatus and method for removing deposits in the interior of containers or installations.
    AU2018274168B2 (en) * 2017-05-24 2023-07-27 Bang & Clean Gmbh Method and device for cleaning interiors of containers and facilities

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    DE50201779D1 (en) 2005-01-20
    WO2002084193A1 (en) 2002-10-24
    SK12972003A3 (en) 2004-05-04
    CA2443916C (en) 2010-06-01
    AU2002238344B2 (en) 2007-07-12
    KR20040005914A (en) 2004-01-16
    ATE285059T1 (en) 2005-01-15
    TW593931B (en) 2004-06-21
    JP4526230B2 (en) 2010-08-18
    KR100926846B1 (en) 2009-11-13
    CA2443916A1 (en) 2002-10-24
    CN100538240C (en) 2009-09-09
    CZ304976B6 (en) 2015-02-25
    NO332060B1 (en) 2012-06-11
    CZ20032807A3 (en) 2004-05-12
    JP2010023035A (en) 2010-02-04
    ES2235009T3 (en) 2005-07-01
    JP2004526935A (en) 2004-09-02
    NO20034587D0 (en) 2003-10-13
    PT1362213E (en) 2005-04-29
    NO20034587L (en) 2003-12-12
    PL200448B1 (en) 2009-01-30
    US6935281B2 (en) 2005-08-30
    CN1514925A (en) 2004-07-21
    DK1362213T3 (en) 2005-04-11
    SK287434B6 (en) 2010-09-07
    EP1362213A1 (en) 2003-11-19
    PL364440A1 (en) 2004-12-13
    US20040112306A1 (en) 2004-06-17

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