EP2788703B1 - Apparatus and method for cleaning combustion devices - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for cleaning combustion devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2788703B1 EP2788703B1 EP12805914.4A EP12805914A EP2788703B1 EP 2788703 B1 EP2788703 B1 EP 2788703B1 EP 12805914 A EP12805914 A EP 12805914A EP 2788703 B1 EP2788703 B1 EP 2788703B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- container envelope
- container
- interior
- wall
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title description 41
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D25/00—Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag
- F27D25/006—Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag using explosives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0007—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by explosions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
- F23J3/02—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
- F23J3/023—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys cleaning the fireside of watertubes in boilers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
- F28G7/00—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves
- F28G7/005—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves by explosions or detonations; by pressure waves generated by combustion processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/087—Flexible or deformable blasting cartridges, e.g. bags or hoses for slurries
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/24—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile for cleaning; for cooling; for lubricating ; for wear reducing
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of internal cleaning of containers and relates to a container shell, an apparatus and a method for removing deposits in the interior of containers according to the preamble of independent claims 1, 6, 9, 10 and 12. More particularly, the invention relates to a Device and a method for cleaning soiled and garbage containers with caking on the inner walls, in particular of incinerators, by means of blasting technology. Such a method is also called blast cleaning.
- Heating surfaces z. B. of waste incineration plants or coal boilers are generally subject to heavy pollution. These contaminants have inorganic compositions and typically result from deposition of ash particles on the wall. Coatings in the range of high flue gas temperatures are usually very hard because they either remain melted or fused stick to the wall or are glued together by their lower melting or condensing substances on the colder boiler wall. Such deposits are difficult and insufficient to remove by known cleaning process. As a result, the boiler must be periodically shut down, cooled and manually or sandblasted. Since such boilers usually have rather large dimensions, this often requires the construction of a scaffold in the furnace. This also requires a business interruption of several days or weeks and is also extremely unpleasant and unhealthy for the cleaning staff because of the strong dust and grime attack. A mostly inevitable concomitant of a breakdown of a plant are damage to container materials itself as a result of the strong temperature changes. In addition to the cleaning and repair costs, the plant downtime costs due to the production or revenue loss are an important cost factor.
- Conventional cleaning methods which are used in parked facilities, are, for example, boiler knocking and the use of steam jet, water jet blower / shotblast or ball rain and sandblasting.
- a cleaning method in which the cooled and also the hot boiler in operation is cleaned by introducing and igniting explosive devices:
- a cooled explosive device is brought by means of a cooled lance in the vicinity of the soiled heating surface, where the explosive charge is ignited.
- the heating surface caking is blown off by the force of the detonation, as well as by the wall vibrations generated by the shock waves.
- the cleaning time can be significantly reduced with this method compared to the conventional cleaning methods.
- the cleaning can take place with the necessary safety precautions during the operation of the incinerator or even in the hot condition of the container. So it is possible to clean a boiler in this way within hours and without interruption of operation, which are needed with a conventional cleaning method days.
- a disadvantage of the in the EP 1 067 349 described method is the need for explosives. In addition to the high cost of the explosive material to avoid accidents, such as the storage of explosives, a large amount of security must be operated. The introduction of explosive material in a hot container also requires a completely reliable and efficient cooling system to prevent premature detonation of the explosive.
- the starting components can be guided via separate feed lines into the interior of the container casing and the dangerous explosive gas mixture can only be produced in the interior of the container casing already placed in the boiler room shortly before the explosion is triggered.
- the container envelope accommodating the explosive gas mixture contains, for example, layers of paper and / or plastic.
- the associated method has the disadvantage that the cleaning effect to others purely mechanical cleaning method, such as sandblasting, is limited and based solely on the effect of explosion pressure waves.
- the publication font EP 1 275 925 A1 describes methods for locally destroying slag deposits in hot thermal installations by means of a solid disintegrator arranged at the forward end of a lance in a coolant-carrying supply head.
- the supply head is designed as a double tube.
- a granular bulk material such as jet gravel, which is arranged between an inner cooling jacket and an explosive agent container of the supply head - which is adjacent to the explosive means - is shot against the material to be destroyed by the resulting pressure wave.
- the publication font WO 2011 145341 A1 describes a method for cleaning the interior of a container by means of blasting technology.
- the blasting releases a granular solid, which collides with caking on the inside of the container and thus dissolves it from the container inner wall.
- the granular solid is placed around the explosive.
- the publication font US Pat. No. 3,064,572 describes a method for charging a blast hole with an explosive.
- a flexible, thin-walled triple tube is inserted into the blast hole.
- the triple tube contains an inner tube and a concentrically arranged intermediate tube, which forms an annular gap to the inner tube.
- the triple tube contains a concentrically arranged outer tube which surrounds the intermediate tube.
- an explosive and a granular weighting material is introduced.
- the publication font US2745346 A also describes a method for charging a blast hole with an explosive.
- the method includes the Insert an elongated expandable tube into the blast hole. A flowable explosive is filled into the inserted tube.
- Object of the present invention is therefore to modify the container shell of the cleaning device and the associated method so that the cleaning effect is improved.
- the cleaning method disclosed here is based on bringing explosive mixtures of gaseous components, which are introduced into the interior, ie the receiving space, a flexible container shell, together with the container shell in the vicinity of a point to be cleaned, then to the mixture with destruction of the container shell to explode.
- the explosive mixture preferably contains at least one gaseous component and is particularly preferably completely gaseous, in particular in the explosive state.
- the explosive mixture is preferably prepared exclusively from gaseous or rapidly evaporating components.
- the flexible container shell is inflated or inflated by the inflowing gas with expansion of the interior.
- the explosive mixture preferably contains a fuel and an oxidizing agent, such as. As gaseous oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas.
- the fuel is gaseous. This can z. As acetylene, ethylene, methane, ethane, propane, gasoline, oil, etc. be.
- the explosive mixture can already be introduced as a mixture in the container shell.
- the components or at least individual components of the mixture in particular via separate supply lines, individually introduced into the interior of the container shell and there mixed together to the explosive (final) mixture.
- the mixture is ignited.
- the force of the explosion and the area vibrated by the shock waves e.g. a container or pipe wall, cause the breaking off of Wandanbackept and slagging and thus cleaning the surface.
- the strength of the explosion required for cleaning, and thus the amount of components used in the mixture, depends on the type of soiling and the size and type of soiled container.
- the dosage and strength of the explosion can be and are preferably chosen so that no damage to installations.
- the possibility of optimal dosing of the substances used reduces on the one hand the cleaning costs, on the other hand the danger and damage risk for plant and persons.
- the flexible container shell thus forms a receptacle for the explosive mixture and allows the secure positioning of the mixture at the point to be cleaned. Furthermore, the container shell prevents dilution of the explosive mixture with the ambient air.
- the container can also serve to cool the explosive mixture in order to prevent the mixture from being ignited prematurely in the hot boiler room.
- the container shell is preferably formed thin-walled.
- the container shell is preferred, foldable, rollable or crumpled, so that they are not distended Condition may be present as a compact body.
- the wall of the container casing is formed in a multi-layered manner with intermediate, inflatable or inflatable hollow chambers, the container casing wall in the inflated state of the wall chambers no longer necessarily has a thin-walled character due to its greater wall thickness.
- the container casing in which the wall of the container casing is formed in a multi-layered manner with intermediate, inflatable or inflatable hollow chambers, the container casing is no longer necessarily thin-walled in the inflated state of the wall chambers.
- the wall of the container shell may be formed as a single layer.
- the wall is multilayered with at least two layers of the same or a different material.
- One of the materials should preferably be distinguished by its gas-tightness.
- layers of plastic are particularly well suited.
- Another material should be characterized by some heat resistance and thermal insulation, or by its ability to absorb a wetting coolant, such as water, or both.
- the container casing can consequently contain an inner (facing the interior) layer of plastic and an outer (outwardly facing) layer of or with pulp.
- the layer of plastic may be applied as a film on the outer layer, for. B. by sticking.
- the layer of plastic can also be applied to the outer layer by a coating process.
- the layer of plastic can also be applied as a plastic resin or paint.
- the container envelope may e.g. before being introduced into a hot system with coolant, preferably water, soaked or sprayed. Due to the evaporation of the water a cooling effect is achieved on the container shell, which prevents premature burning of the shell or premature ignition of the explosive mixture.
- coolant preferably water, soaked or sprayed. Due to the evaporation of the water a cooling effect is achieved on the container shell, which prevents premature burning of the shell or premature ignition of the explosive mixture.
- the gas-tight, but possibly less heat-resistant layer is preferably arranged in the layer composite to the interior. It is particularly preferably the innermost layer.
- the heat-resistant or coolable layer is preferably arranged in the layer composite to the outside. It is particularly preferably the outermost layer.
- the layers can be connected to each other over a large area or continuously or punctually or part of the area, for. B. by means of an adhesive bond.
- the container shell may also contain or consist of an elastically extensible layer material.
- the container casing wall can accordingly be designed such that it expands when the inner space is inflated and formed with the explosive mixture (eg elastically).
- the container shell can therefore also be designed in the form of an elastically expandable balloon.
- the container shell wall is not or only partially stretchable.
- the container case is merely unfolded or unrolled when driving and shaping the interior.
- the container shell preferably completely encloses the interior and preferably forms only an inlet opening for the explosive mixture.
- the container shell can, for. B. be a bag-like envelope or bag.
- the wall of the container shell is constructed such that it releases particles in the explosion of a mixture located in the interior of the container shell, which, accelerated by the explosion pressure, are suitable for deposits in the cavity or to act on the interior of a container and at least partially replace it.
- the particles are hard material components, which are characterized in that they have a higher hardness than the wall-forming material. This gives the particles accelerated by the explosion abrasive properties.
- the hard material components have a Mohs hardness of preferably 3 (4.5) or greater, more preferably 4 (5.0) or greater, and more preferably 5 (6.5) or greater. Most preferred hardnesses are 6 (37.0) or above. In brackets the absolute hardness is given by Rosiwal.
- the particles are preferably in granular form.
- the grain size can range from 0.1 to 4 mm. Preferred particle sizes are from 0.2 to 3 mm, in particular from 0.5 to 2 mm.
- the particles are preferably made of a chemically inert, for. B. rock-like material.
- the particles may in particular be made of or contain natural stone material or artificial stone material.
- the particles are particularly preferably made of a rock-forming material, such as quartz, or contain this. You can, however, z. B. also consist of metal or contain this.
- the particles are particularly preferably made of commercial sand.
- the particles can be present as round grain. However, the cleaning effect can be enhanced if the particles are sharp-edged or have sharp edges.
- the particles can be embedded between two layers of a multi-layer container shell wall.
- the particles can be between these two layers, for. B. by gluing, be fixed.
- the particles can also move freely between these two layers or at least limited freely movable, z. B. in chambers, be arranged.
- the particles can also be integrated or incorporated into a layer of the container casing wall.
- the particles are integrated, for example, in the production of the sheet-like layer or wall material in this.
- the particles can also be applied to one or both surfaces of a layer of the container shell wall and with this, z. B. via an adhesive bond to be connected.
- the wall of the container casing or at least one layer thereof is at least partially segmented.
- the surface segments are delimited from one another via weakened areas.
- the weakened areas can be lines of weakness or areas of weakness.
- the attenuation ranges can be z. B. by thin areas (compared to the surface segments), by perforations, by cuts or generally by a structural weakening of the wall or layer material over a defined area.
- segmentation or the weakened areas are now designed such that the individual segments are separated in the explosion of the mixture in the interior of the container shell along the weakened areas of the adjacent segments and the isolated segments are thrown as independent particles by the explosion pressure.
- this embodiment can be combined with the embodiments described above, according to which separate particles are incorporated or incorporated into the container wall or in a layer of the container wall.
- Another invention which is independently combinable with the above-described invention, also relates to a flexible and, in particular, foldable container casing which can be inflated with an explosive mixture for use in a process for removing deposits in the interior of containers by means of blasting technology
- the inventive container casing is characterized by the fact that the wall of the container casing is constructed in a multi-layered manner and has an outermost outermost layer and an innermost layer facing the interior, and a functional structure is formed between the outermost and innermost layers.
- the wall of the container shell or its layers may consist of the above-mentioned materials.
- the container casing wall between the outermost layer and the innermost layer facing the interior has at least one, preferably a plurality of, chambers which can be filled with each other and can be filled with a gas, a liquid or a flowable solid, such as powder or sand.
- Communicating means that cavities of the chambers are connected to each other, so that the filled substances can circulate between the chambers, so that only one or only a few or fewer inlet openings are to be provided as chambers.
- two adjacent layers or partial walls of a container shell wall via flexible connecting members for.
- the connecting and spacing elements serve as limiting means for driving the chambers between the two layers or partial walls with a gas, so that the said layers or partial walls can only be pushed apart beyond the maximum transverse extent of the connecting and spacing elements.
- the interconnected via the flexible connecting and spacing elements layers or partial walls form in the swollen state of one or more hollow chambers.
- the connecting and spacing elements can be designed as flat connection webs or as line or cord rope or filament-shaped elements.
- the flat connecting webs may be connected to one another and form chamber walls.
- two opposing wall sections forming the interior of the container casing are connected to one another via flexible connection and spacing elements crossing the said interior space.
- the connecting and spacing elements serve here as a limiting means in driving the interior space between the two walls with a gas, so that the walls can be pushed apart only over the maximum transverse extent of the connecting and spacing elements.
- the interior is preferably divided in the swollen state via the flexible connecting and spacing elements into a plurality of hollow chambers communicating with each other.
- the connecting and spacing elements can be designed as flat connection webs or as line or cord rope or filament-shaped elements.
- the flat connecting webs may be connected to one another and form chamber walls.
- FIG. 1 Another embodiment of a container casing, which may be regarded as an independent invention, but which may also occur in combination with one of the described embodiments of container casings, also encloses with its container wall an interior or receiving space which is open to the outside through an inlet opening.
- the container shell can be fastened via the inlet opening to a longitudinal component.
- the inlet opening is now arranged at the end of a tubular or neck-shaped extension of the container casing.
- the extension connects the inlet opening with the actual interior of the container shell.
- This interior is characterized by a significantly larger diameter than the tubular extension, z. B. by a multiple of the diameter of the extension.
- the extension is part, in particular integral part of the container shell. He is therefore also part of the utility material, which is destroyed in the explosion.
- the tubular, flexible extension, the container shell with its, the explosive mixture receiving interior can be brought even better to those to be cleaned, without, for example, to the reusable parts of the device special modifications must be made.
- the tubular extension or section has z. B. at least a quarter, preferably at least one third and in particular at least half the total length of the container shell.
- the tubular extension is z. B. designed so that it can be bent without significant cross-sectional constriction or a bend can be performed.
- the length of the tubular extension is for example 0.3 m or more, in particular 0.5 m or more.
- the tubular extension can reach up to several meters in length depending on the purpose. So this z. B. reach a length of 2 to 30 m.
- the diameter of the tubular extension can z. B. 20 to 200 mm, in particular 50 to 100 mm.
- the tubular extension preferably forms a connection section to a device, to which the container can be fastened.
- the tubular extension is in this case preferably at least twice and in particular three times as long as the connecting portion, over which rests the container of the device.
- the invention further relates to a device with a container shell according to the invention for removing deposits in containers by means of explosive technology.
- the apparatus includes a longitudinal member having a handle-side and a cleaning or explosive-side end portion, wherein the container-side cover is attached to the cleaning-side end portion.
- the container shell is a container shell according to one of the above-described type or embodiment.
- the longitudinal component is preferably a lance-like or tube-like longitudinal body.
- the longitudinal component is z. B. formed as a cleaning lance.
- the device further comprises supply lines for supplying a flowable, explosive mixture or its starting components into the interior of the container casing.
- the supply lines can be integrated into the longitudinal body and pass through it.
- tube-shaped longitudinal bodies with one or more end-side outlet openings on the explosion side are suitable for this purpose.
- the (gaseous) components for forming the explosive mixture are preferably from suitable pressure vessels, eg. B. commercially available gas bottles.
- the longitudinal component can at its explosive end portion a protective device, for example in the form of a one-sided, in particular in the direction of insertion open protective container, for. B. in the form of a bell or a funnel, in which the folded or not swollen container shell stowed and protected in the (hot) cavity of a container to be cleaned can be inserted.
- the container casing is ejected from the protective container into the container cavity by unfolding the same from the protective container only immediately before the cleaning cycle by driving the container casing with the explosive mixture and / or by introducing a weighting material described below into the container casing.
- the device contains a further supply line for feeding or introducing a flowable weighting material (liquid or bulk material such as powder) into the interior of the container casing or in at least one hollow chamber between two layers or partial walls of the container casing wall.
- a flowable weighting material liquid or bulk material such as powder
- Gravitational weighting tends to flow through the chambers and collect in a lower portion, so that the container casing is lowered by the gravity of the material being deposited and accumulated in a lower portion is pulled.
- narrow gaps are formed, for example, between bundles of tubes in the interior of incinerators whose surfaces must also be freed from deposits.
- the invention further relates to a method for removing deposits in containers by means of explosive technology, wherein a flexible and in particular foldable or rollable container shell inserted into the interior of a container to be cleaned, filled with expansion with an explosive mixture and the explosive mixture is made to explode.
- a container casing or device according to the invention is preferably used as described above.
- the ignition of the explosive mixture is carried out by means known in the art. This is preferably done by electrically triggered spark ignition, by auxiliary flames or by pyrotechnic ignition with the help of appropriately mounted ignition means and igniters.
- the ignition means are preferably mounted in the region of one of the end sections of the longitudinal component, on a pipe itself or the container casing. Actuation of the igniter as well as the flow of the inflow of the components or the expiration of the inflating the container shell is preferably done and for safety's sake by means of a control device.
- a flowable weighting material for. B. in the form of a liquid, such as water, or bulk material, in particular sand or powder introduced into the interior of the container shell or in at least one hollow chamber between two layers of the container shell wall.
- the weighting material is preferably introduced into the interior of the container casing before and / or during the introduction of the explosive mixture or its components. In this way, the container shell is pulled by the force of gravity of the introduced, flowable material in the container down.
- the weighting material is previously integrated into the container wall or applied to it.
- the weighting material is preferably arranged in the front, cleaning-side end portion of the container, so that the container is pulled by the weight of the weighting material in the interior of the system to be cleaned down.
- the weighting material can be made of the same material or correspond to the particles which are arranged on and / or in the container wall in order to increase the cleaning effect, as described above.
- the weighting material is arranged over wide areas of the container casing, but applied in the front region of the container casing in a higher density on the container wall and / or integrated into this than in the other areas.
- Gaseous components can be directly injected from gas cylinders via separate supply lines attached to the longitudinal component or integrated into the container casing and mixed there.
- the device according to the invention and the associated cleaning method are particularly suitable for the cleaning of interiors of incinerators with sticky, caking-prone fly ash, caused especially by the combustion of coal, garbage, sewage sludge or hazardous waste. This is especially true in the area of steam generators of incinerators.
- the cleaning process can also be used to remove soiling in other systems with hard dirt deposits, such as in flue gas cleaning systems, limescale deposits in water heaters, heat exchangers and steam generators, as well as paper mills, silos and in the cement industry.
- Blast cleaning may occur during operation of a plant, i. be carried out on-line, or in still hot containers and extremely targeted and precisely dosed.
- operating costs are reduced and no parts of the system or container sections are unnecessarily burdened.
- dangers for the plant personnel are minimized. This in particular by the short residence time of the at least partially gaseous explosive substance or mixture in the hot environment.
- the container casing according to the invention can be used, for example, in a device and a method as described in US Pat EP 1 362 213 B1 are described in detail.
- the inventive container casing and the associated device or the associated method enable a more efficient cleaning of container interior.
- the inventively designed container shell fulfills a further function by the particles stored in this particle are thrown in the explosion on the deposits and lead to an additional spalling of deposits. The cleaning effect is thus combined, on the one hand by the blast wave of the explosion and on the other hand by the particles impinging on the surfaces.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a device 1 for carrying out the inventive cleaning method for removing deposits, such as caking or slagging in containers and equipment, in particular incinerator.
- the device 1 comprises a lance-shaped tube-like longitudinal member 2 with an integrated supply line (not shown) through which the gaseous, explosive mixture is guided from a handle-side end portion 3a to an explosive-side end portion 3b.
- the gaseous, explosive mixture is z. B. guided via a flexible feed line 7 from a gas pressure vessel to the handle-side end portion 3a and there fed into the, integrated in the longitudinal component 2 supply line.
- the individual gaseous components can also be conducted in separate supply lines to the cleaning-side end section analogously thereto.
- a flexible container shell 5 is mounted with inlet opening, in which the supplied gas mixture or its components is introduced.
- a protective bell 4 is attached to the cleaning-side end section 3b, which protects the container shell 5, which is still compressed or folded before filling with gas, from the action of heat (not shown).
- the interior space 6 of the container casing 5 expands and the container casing 5 unfolds or expands under an increase in volume. This happens in the container space to be cleaned.
- the FIG. 2 Now shows a first embodiment of an inventive container shell 20.
- the container shell closes with its container wall 22 an interior 21, which is open only through an inlet opening 25 to the outside.
- the container wall 22 is multi-layered and has an innermost layer 23c made of a plastic material, for. B. a plastic film, which ensures the gas-tightness.
- Adjoining the innermost layer 23c are two layers 23a, 23b of paper, which have a certain heat resistance and, owing to their absorbency, are wettable with a coolant such as water.
- particles 24, such as grains of sand are arranged, which provide the additional cleaning effect already described. The particles can be fixed between the paper layers, z. B.
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of an inventive container shell 30.
- This includes with its container wall 32 also an interior 31, which is open only through an inlet opening 35 to the outside.
- the container casing like the other container casings, can also be fastened to the inlet opening on the longitudinal component.
- the inlet opening 35 is arranged here at the end of a tubular extension 33 of the container casing 30.
- the extension 33 connects the inlet opening 35 with the actual interior 31 of the container shell 30.
- the extension is part, in particular integral part of the container shell 30. He is therefore also part of the utility material, which is destroyed in the explosion.
- the tubular, flexible extension 33, the container shell with its, the explosive mixture receiving interior 31 can be brought even better to the cleaning points, without, for example, to the reusable parts of the device special modifications must be made.
- the inner space 31 of the container shell 30 can be positioned not only at a further distance from the explosive-side end portion of the longitudinal member (not shown) but also at an angle, ie laterally thereof.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show a further embodiment of an inventive container shell 40.
- the wall 41 of the container shell is divided into a plurality of contiguous segments 42.
- the segments 42 are connected to each other via weakened areas 43.
- These areas of weakening are here formed by line-shaped thin spots in the container wall, comparable to a splinter shell of a shell or, with a somewhat less martial example, comparable to a bar of chocolate. According to this embodiment, therefore, parts of the container wall form the particles which, in conjunction with the explosive force, exert a striking force on the contaminants.
- FIG. 6 Two further embodiments according to the invention of container casings 50, 60 or cleaning methods are shown.
- the two embodiments have in common that it is about the introduction of a container shell in a relatively narrow gap, which z. B. is formed between adjacent tubes 56 of tube bundles in incinerators or heat exchangers.
- Conventional container casings which when filling with the explosive mixture a roundish, z. B. assume spherical shape, usually do not fit between the tubes.
- the tubes 56 are often in groups with defined distances arranged to each other.
- the container casing 50 or its interior has an elongated, in particular a rectangular, cross-sectional shape.
- the shape may be similar to a mattress or air mattress, cuboid.
- Two mutually opposite wall portions 52 a, 52 b of the container shell 50 are for this purpose via flexible connecting members 53, such. B. connecting webs or partitions, which lead across the interior 51, connected to each other.
- the connecting members 53 divide the inner space 51 into a plurality of mutually communicating chambers 54.
- a container shell 70 according to FIG. 7 are the flexible connecting members 71 linear, z. B. thread, cord, rope or tubular.
- the Innraum 71 of this container shell 70 therefore forms a single, contiguous chamber.
- a weighting agent 63 in this case water, is introduced into the interior.
- the container shell 60 Due to the weight of the water, the container shell 60 is deployed and pulled with gravity support down into the gap between two rows of tubes. At the same time the container shell takes on an elongated shape. In this position, the container shell 60 can now fill with the explosive mixture or its components and bring to blasting. To support the method, the container shell in its basic form is also already a rectangular cross-sectional shape or is cuboidal. The container shell can this z. B. as in FIG. 6 shown next door or in FIG. 7 represented, be formed.
- FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of a container shell 80.
- the container wall 82 constructed in a similar manner as a chamber system.
- the container wall 82 has two partial walls 85a, 85b, which are connected to each other via flexible connecting members 83 of the type already described in connection with previous embodiments.
- at least one chamber and preferably at least a plurality of mutually communicating chambers are formed.
- a flowable weighting means such as water, for weighting the container shell 80 and / or a flowable coolant, such as water, for cooling the container shell 80 bring. It is also conceivable that an explosive mixture is introduced into this intermediate space.
- FIG. 9 shows a flexible container shell 90 in a compact non-inflated form.
- the container shell 90 can be brought into a space-saving, compact form, in particular by folding.
- the container casing can also be rolled or crumpled.
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Description
Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der Innenreinigung von Behältnissen und betrifft eine Behälterhülle, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen im Innenraum von Behältnissen gemäss dem Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Ansprüche 1, 6, 9, 10 und 12. Im Speziellen betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Reinigen von verschmutzten und verschlackten Behältnissen mit Anbackungen an dessen Innenwänden, insbesondere von Verbrennungsanlagen, mittels Sprengtechnologie. Ein solches Verfahren wird auch Sprengreinigen genannt.The invention is in the field of internal cleaning of containers and relates to a container shell, an apparatus and a method for removing deposits in the interior of containers according to the preamble of
Heizflächen z. B. von Müllverbrennungsanlagen oder Kohlekesseln unterliegen im allgemeinen starken Verschmutzungen. Diese Verschmutzungen haben anorganische Zusammensetzungen und entstehen typischerweise durch Ablagerung von Ascheteilchen an der Wand. Beläge im Bereich von hohen Rauchgas-Temperaturen sind meist sehr hart, da sie entweder geschmolzen oder angeschmolzen auf der Wand kleben bleiben oder von tiefer schmelzenden oder kondensierenden Substanzen bei deren Erstarrung an der kälteren Kesselwand zusammengeklebt werden. Solche Beläge lassen sich durch bekannte Reinigungsverfahren nur schwer und unzureichend entfernen. Dies führt dazu, dass der Kessel periodisch abgestellt, abgekühlt und manuell oder mittels Sandstrahlen gereinigt werden muss. Da solche Kessel meist ziemlich grosse Abmessungen aufweisen, ist dazu oft der Aufbau eines Gerüsts im Ofen notwendig. Dies erfordert zudem einen Betriebsunterbruch von mehreren Tagen oder Wochen und ist ausserdem für das Reinigungspersonal wegen des starken Staub- und Schmutzanfalls äusserst unangenehm und ungesund. Eine meist zwangsläufige Begleiterscheinung eines Betriebunterbruchs einer Anlage sind Schäden an Behältermaterialien selber als Folge der starken Temperaturänderungen. Neben den Reinigungs- und Reparaturkosten sind die Anlagenstillstandskosten durch den Produktions- bzw. Einnahmenausfall ein wichtiger Kostenfaktor.Heating surfaces z. B. of waste incineration plants or coal boilers are generally subject to heavy pollution. These contaminants have inorganic compositions and typically result from deposition of ash particles on the wall. Coatings in the range of high flue gas temperatures are usually very hard because they either remain melted or fused stick to the wall or are glued together by their lower melting or condensing substances on the colder boiler wall. Such deposits are difficult and insufficient to remove by known cleaning process. As a result, the boiler must be periodically shut down, cooled and manually or sandblasted. Since such boilers usually have rather large dimensions, this often requires the construction of a scaffold in the furnace. This also requires a business interruption of several days or weeks and is also extremely unpleasant and unhealthy for the cleaning staff because of the strong dust and grime attack. A mostly inevitable concomitant of a breakdown of a plant are damage to container materials itself as a result of the strong temperature changes. In addition to the cleaning and repair costs, the plant downtime costs due to the production or revenue loss are an important cost factor.
Herkömmliche Reinigungsverfahren, welche bei abgestellten Anlagen angewendet werden, sind beispielsweise Kesselklopfen sowie die Verwendung von Dampfstrahler, Wasserstrahlbläser/Russbläser oder Kugelregen sowie Sandstrahlen.Conventional cleaning methods, which are used in parked facilities, are, for example, boiler knocking and the use of steam jet, water jet blower / shotblast or ball rain and sandblasting.
Ferner ist ein Reinigungsverfahren bekannt, bei welchem der erkaltete und auch der in Betrieb befindliche heisse Kessel mittels Einbringen und Zünden von Sprengkörpern gereinigt wird: Bei dem im Dokument
Nachteilig bei dem in der
Aus der
Ferner ist es auch ein Vorteil, dass die Ausgangskomponenten über separate Zuleitungen in den Innenraum der Behälterhülle geführt und das gefährliche explosive Gasgemisch erst im Innenraum der bereits im Kesselraum platzierten Behälterhülle kurz vor Auslösung der Explosion hergestellt werden kann. Im Vergleich zu Sprengstoff ist zudem der Umgang mit den einzelnen Komponenten des Gasgemisches weitaus weniger gefährlich. Die das explosive Gasgemisch aufnehmende Behälterhülle enthält zum Beispiel Schichten aus Papier und/oder Kunststoff. Das dazugehörige Verfahren weist jedoch den Nachteil auf, dass die Reinigungswirkung zu anderen rein mechanischen Reinigungsverfahren, wie Sandstrahlen, beschränkt ist und ausschliesslich auf der Wirkung der Explosionsdruckwellen beruht.Furthermore, it is also an advantage that the starting components can be guided via separate feed lines into the interior of the container casing and the dangerous explosive gas mixture can only be produced in the interior of the container casing already placed in the boiler room shortly before the explosion is triggered. Compared to explosives, dealing with the individual components of the gas mixture is far less dangerous. The container envelope accommodating the explosive gas mixture contains, for example, layers of paper and / or plastic. However, the associated method has the disadvantage that the cleaning effect to others purely mechanical cleaning method, such as sandblasting, is limited and based solely on the effect of explosion pressure waves.
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Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es daher, die Behälterhülle der Reinigungsvorrichtung und das dazugehörige Verfahren so zu modifizieren, dass die Reinigungswirkung verbessert wird.Object of the present invention is therefore to modify the container shell of the cleaning device and the associated method so that the cleaning effect is improved.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche 1 und 12 gelöst. Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen hervor. Merkmale der Verfahrensansprüche sind in diesem Zusammenhang sinngemäss mit Merkmalen der Vorrichtungsansprüche kombinierbar und umgekehrt.The object is solved by the features of
Das hier offenbarte Reinigungsverfahren beruht darauf, explosionsfähige Gemische aus gasförmigen Komponenten, welche in den Innenraum, d.h. den Aufnahmeraum, einer flexiblen Behälterhülle eingebracht werden, zusammen mit der Behälterhülle in die Nähe einer zu reinigenden Stelle zu bringen, um anschliessend das Gemisch unter Zerstörung der Behälterhülle zur Explosion zu bringen. Das explosionsfähige Gemisch enthält bevorzugt wenigstens eine gasförmige Komponente und ist besonders bevorzugt vollständig gasförmig, insbesondere im explosionsfähigen Zustand. Hierzu wird das explosionsfähige Gemisch bevorzugt ausschliesslich aus in Gasform oder schnell verdampfenden Komponenten hergestellt. Die flexible Behälterhülle wird durch das einströmende Gas unter Ausdehnung des Innenraumes aufgeblasen bzw. aufgebläht. Das explosionsfähige Gemisch enthält bevorzugt einen Brennstoff sowie ein Oxidationsmittel, wie z. B. gasförmiger Sauerstoff oder ein sauerstoffhaltiges Gas. Der Brennstoff ist gasförmig. Dieser kann z. B. Acetylen, Ethylen, Methan, Aethan, Propan, Benzin, Öl, etc. sein.The cleaning method disclosed here is based on bringing explosive mixtures of gaseous components, which are introduced into the interior, ie the receiving space, a flexible container shell, together with the container shell in the vicinity of a point to be cleaned, then to the mixture with destruction of the container shell to explode. The explosive mixture preferably contains at least one gaseous component and is particularly preferably completely gaseous, in particular in the explosive state. For this purpose, the explosive mixture is preferably prepared exclusively from gaseous or rapidly evaporating components. The flexible container shell is inflated or inflated by the inflowing gas with expansion of the interior. The explosive mixture preferably contains a fuel and an oxidizing agent, such as. As gaseous oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas. The fuel is gaseous. This can z. As acetylene, ethylene, methane, ethane, propane, gasoline, oil, etc. be.
Das explosionsfähige Gemisch kann bereits als Gemisch in die Behälterhülle eingebracht werden. Bevorzugt werden die Komponenten bzw. wenigstens einzelne Komponenten des Gemisches, insbesondere über separate Zufuhrleitungen, einzeln in den Innenraum der Behälterhülle eingebracht und dort miteinander zum explosionsfähigen (End-) Gemisch vermischt. Zur Auslösung der Explosion wird das Gemisch gezündet.The explosive mixture can already be introduced as a mixture in the container shell. Preferably, the components or at least individual components of the mixture, in particular via separate supply lines, individually introduced into the interior of the container shell and there mixed together to the explosive (final) mixture. To trigger the explosion, the mixture is ignited.
Die Wucht der Explosion und die durch die Stosswellen in Schwingung gebrachte Fläche, z.B. eine Behälter- oder Rohrwand, bewirken das Absprengen der Wandanbackungen und Verschlackungen und somit das Reinigen der Fläche.The force of the explosion and the area vibrated by the shock waves, e.g. a container or pipe wall, cause the breaking off of Wandanbackungen and slagging and thus cleaning the surface.
Die für eine Reinigung notwendige Stärke der Explosion und somit die Menge der verwendeten Komponenten des Gemisches, richtet sich nach der Art der Verschmutzung und nach Grösse und Art des verschmutzten Behältnisses. Dosierung und Stärke der Explosion können und werden vorzugsweise so gewählt, dass keine Schäden an Installationen entstehen. Die Möglichkeit der optimalen Dosierung der verwendeten Stoffe vermindert einerseits die Reinigungskosten, andererseits das Gefahren- und Schadensrisiko für Anlage und Personen.The strength of the explosion required for cleaning, and thus the amount of components used in the mixture, depends on the type of soiling and the size and type of soiled container. The dosage and strength of the explosion can be and are preferably chosen so that no damage to installations. The possibility of optimal dosing of the substances used reduces on the one hand the cleaning costs, on the other hand the danger and damage risk for plant and persons.
Die flexible Behälterhülle bildet also ein Aufnahmegefäss für das explosionsfähige Gemisch und erlaubt die sichere Positionierung des Gemisches an der zu reinigenden Stelle. Ferner verhindert die Behälterhülle eine Verdünnung des explosiven Gemisches mit der Umgebungsluft.The flexible container shell thus forms a receptacle for the explosive mixture and allows the secure positioning of the mixture at the point to be cleaned. Furthermore, the container shell prevents dilution of the explosive mixture with the ambient air.
Im Weiteren kann der Behälter auch zur Kühlung des explosiven Gemisches dienen, um zu verhindern, dass das Gemisch bereits vorzeitig im heissen Kesselraum gezündet wird.Furthermore, the container can also serve to cool the explosive mixture in order to prevent the mixture from being ignited prematurely in the hot boiler room.
Die Behälterhülle ist bevorzugt dünnwandig ausgebildet. Zudem ist die Behälterhülle bevorzugt, faltbar, rollbar oder zerknüllbar, so dass diese in nicht aufgetriebenem Zustand als kompakter Körper vorliegen kann. Bei Ausführungsformen, wie nachfolgend beschrieben, in welchen die Wand der Behälterhülle mehrschichtig mit dazwischen liegenden, auftreibbaren bzw. aufblähbaren Hohlkammern ausgebildet ist, weist die Behälterhüllenwand in aufgeblähtem Zustand der Wandkammern aufgrund ihrer grösseren Wanddicke nicht mehr zwingend einen dünnwandigen Charakter auf.The container shell is preferably formed thin-walled. In addition, the container shell is preferred, foldable, rollable or crumpled, so that they are not distended Condition may be present as a compact body. In embodiments, as described below, in which the wall of the container casing is formed in a multi-layered manner with intermediate, inflatable or inflatable hollow chambers, the container casing wall in the inflated state of the wall chambers no longer necessarily has a thin-walled character due to its greater wall thickness.
Bei Ausführungsformen, wie nachfolgend beschrieben, in welchen die Wand der Behälterhülle mehrschichtig mit dazwischen liegenden, auftreibbaren bzw. aufblähbaren Hohlkammern ausgebildet ist, ist die Behälterhülle in aufgeblähtem Zustand der Wandkammern nicht mehr zwingend dünnwandig.In embodiments, as described below, in which the wall of the container casing is formed in a multi-layered manner with intermediate, inflatable or inflatable hollow chambers, the container casing is no longer necessarily thin-walled in the inflated state of the wall chambers.
Die Wand der Behälterhülle kann einschichtig ausgebildet sein. Bevorzugt ist die Wand jedoch mehrschichtig aufgebaut mit wenigstens zwei Schichten aus demselben oder einem unterschiedlichen Material. Eines der Materialien sollte sich bevorzugt durch seine Gasdichtigkeit auszeichnen. Hierzu sind Schichten aus Kunststoff besonders gut geeignet. Ein weiteres Material sollte sich durch eine gewisse Hitzebeständigkeit und thermische Isolierung auszeichnen oder durch seine Fähigkeit, ein benetzendes Kühlmittel, wie Wasser, zu absorbieren bzw. aufzusaugen, oder durch beide Eigenschaften. Hierzu ist ein Flächenmaterial aus Zellstoff oder mit einem Zellstoffanteil, wie z. B. Papier, welches z. B. eine gewisse Saugkraft aufweist, besonders gut geeignet.The wall of the container shell may be formed as a single layer. Preferably, however, the wall is multilayered with at least two layers of the same or a different material. One of the materials should preferably be distinguished by its gas-tightness. For this purpose, layers of plastic are particularly well suited. Another material should be characterized by some heat resistance and thermal insulation, or by its ability to absorb a wetting coolant, such as water, or both. For this purpose, a sheet material of pulp or with a pulp content, such. B. paper, which z. B. has a certain suction, particularly well suited.
Die Behälterhülle kann folglich eine innen liegende (zum Innenraum weisende) Schicht aus Kunststoff und eine aussen liegende (nach aussen weisende) Schicht aus oder mit Zellstoff enthalten. Die Schicht aus Kunststoff kann als Folie auf die aussen liegende Schicht aufgebracht sein, z. B. durch Aufkleben. Die Schicht aus Kunststoff kann auch durch ein Beschichtungsverfahren auf die aussen liegende Schicht aufgetragen sein. Die Schicht aus Kunststoff kann insbesondere in flüssiger Form, z. B. mittels Spritzen, aufgetragen werden. Die Schicht aus Kunststoff kann ferner als Kunststoffharz oder Lack aufgetragen werden.The container casing can consequently contain an inner (facing the interior) layer of plastic and an outer (outwardly facing) layer of or with pulp. The layer of plastic may be applied as a film on the outer layer, for. B. by sticking. The layer of plastic can also be applied to the outer layer by a coating process. The layer of plastic, in particular in liquid form, for. B. by spraying applied. The layer of plastic can also be applied as a plastic resin or paint.
Die Behälterhülle kann so z.B. vor dem Einführen in eine heisse Anlage mit Kühlmittel, vorzugsweise Wasser, getränkt bzw. besprüht werden. Durch die Verdunstung des Wassers wird ein Kühleffekt auf der Behälterhülle erreicht, welcher ein vorzeitiges Verbrennen der Hülle bzw. ein vorzeitiges Zünden des explosiven Gemisches verhindert.The container envelope may e.g. before being introduced into a hot system with coolant, preferably water, soaked or sprayed. Due to the evaporation of the water a cooling effect is achieved on the container shell, which prevents premature burning of the shell or premature ignition of the explosive mixture.
Die gasdichte, jedoch unter Umständen wenig hitzebeständige Schicht ist im Schichtverbund bevorzugt zum Innenraum hin angeordnet. Sie ist besonders bevorzugt die innerste Schicht. Die hitzeresistente bzw. kühlbare Schicht ist im Schichtverbund bevorzugt gegen aussen angeordnet. Sie ist besonders bevorzugt die äusserste Schicht. Die Schichten können grossflächig bzw. durchgängig oder punktuell bzw. teilflächig miteinander verbunden sein, z. B. mittels einer Klebverbindung.The gas-tight, but possibly less heat-resistant layer is preferably arranged in the layer composite to the interior. It is particularly preferably the innermost layer. The heat-resistant or coolable layer is preferably arranged in the layer composite to the outside. It is particularly preferably the outermost layer. The layers can be connected to each other over a large area or continuously or punctually or part of the area, for. B. by means of an adhesive bond.
Die Behälterhülle kann auch ein elastisch dehnbares Schichtmaterial enthalten oder daraus bestehen. Die Behälterhüllenwand kann entsprechend so ausgebildet sein, dass sich diese beim Auftreiben und Ausformen des Innenraums mit dem explosiven Gemisch (z. B. elastisch) dehnt. Die Behälterhülle kann also auch in Form eines elastisch dehnbaren Ballons ausgebildet sein. Bevorzugt ist die Behälterhüllenwand nicht oder nur beschränkt dehnbar. In diesem Fall wird Behälterhülle beim Auftreiben und Ausformen des Innenraumes lediglich auseinander gefaltet oder entrollt. Die Behälterhülle umschliesst den Innenraum bevorzugt vollständig und bildet bevorzugt lediglich eine Einlassöffnung für das explosive Gemisch aus. Die Behälterhülle kann z. B. eine sackartige Hülle oder Beutel sein.The container shell may also contain or consist of an elastically extensible layer material. The container casing wall can accordingly be designed such that it expands when the inner space is inflated and formed with the explosive mixture (eg elastically). The container shell can therefore also be designed in the form of an elastically expandable balloon. Preferably, the container shell wall is not or only partially stretchable. In this case, the container case is merely unfolded or unrolled when driving and shaping the interior. The container shell preferably completely encloses the interior and preferably forms only an inlet opening for the explosive mixture. The container shell can, for. B. be a bag-like envelope or bag.
Die Wand der Behälterhülle ist derart aufgebaut, dass diese bei der Explosion eines im Innenraum der Behälterhülle befindlichen Gemisch Partikel freisetzt, welche, beschleunigt durch den Explosionsdruck, geeignet sind, auf Ablagerungen im Hohlraum bzw. Innenraum eines Behälters einzuwirken und diese wenigstens teilweise abzulösen.The wall of the container shell is constructed such that it releases particles in the explosion of a mixture located in the interior of the container shell, which, accelerated by the explosion pressure, are suitable for deposits in the cavity or to act on the interior of a container and at least partially replace it.
Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Partikel Hartstoffkomponenten, welche sich dadurch auszeichnen, dass diese eine höhere Härte aufweisen als das wandbildende Material. Dadurch erhalten die durch die Explosion beschleunigten Partikel abrasive Eigenschaften. Die Hartstoffkomponenten weisen eine Härte nach "Mohs" von vorzugsweise 3 (4,5) oder grösser, besonders bevorzugt von 4 (5,0) oder grösser und insbesondere von 5 (6,5) oder grösser auf. Ganz besonders bevorzugte Härten liegen bei 6 (37,0) oder darüber. In Klammern ist die absoluten Härte nach Rosiwal angegeben.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the particles are hard material components, which are characterized in that they have a higher hardness than the wall-forming material. This gives the particles accelerated by the explosion abrasive properties. The hard material components have a Mohs hardness of preferably 3 (4.5) or greater, more preferably 4 (5.0) or greater, and more preferably 5 (6.5) or greater. Most preferred hardnesses are 6 (37.0) or above. In brackets the absolute hardness is given by Rosiwal.
Die Partikel liegen bevorzugt in Kornform vor. Die Korngrösse kann von 0,1 bis 4 mm reichen. Bevorzugte Korngrössen liegen bei 0,2 bis 3 mm, insbesondere bei 0.5 bis 2 mm. Die Partikel sind bevorzugt aus einem chemisch inerten, z. B. gesteinsartigen Material. Die Partikel können insbesondere aus Naturstein-Material oder Kunststein-Material hergestellt sein oder dieses enthalten. Die Partikel sind besonders bevorzugt aus einem gesteinsbildenden Material, wie Quarz, oder enthalten dieses. Sie können jedoch z. B. auch aus Metall bestehen oder dieses enthalten. Die Partikel bestehen besonders bevorzugt aus handelsüblichem Sand.The particles are preferably in granular form. The grain size can range from 0.1 to 4 mm. Preferred particle sizes are from 0.2 to 3 mm, in particular from 0.5 to 2 mm. The particles are preferably made of a chemically inert, for. B. rock-like material. The particles may in particular be made of or contain natural stone material or artificial stone material. The particles are particularly preferably made of a rock-forming material, such as quartz, or contain this. You can, however, z. B. also consist of metal or contain this. The particles are particularly preferably made of commercial sand.
Die Partikel können als Rundkorn vorliegen. Der Reinigungseffekt lässt sich jedoch noch verstärken, wenn die Partikel scharfkantig sind bzw. scharfe Kanten aufweisen.The particles can be present as round grain. However, the cleaning effect can be enhanced if the particles are sharp-edged or have sharp edges.
Die Partikel können gemäss einer besonderen Ausführungsform zwischen zwei Schichten einer mehrschichtigen Behälterhüllenwand eingebettet sein. Die Partikel können zwischen diesen beiden Schichten, z. B. mittels Klebverbindung, fixiert sein. Die Partikel können zwischen diesen beiden Schichten auch frei beweglich bzw. zumindest beschränkt frei beweglich, z. B. in Kammern, angeordnet sein.According to a particular embodiment, the particles can be embedded between two layers of a multi-layer container shell wall. The particles can be between these two layers, for. B. by gluing, be fixed. The particles can also move freely between these two layers or at least limited freely movable, z. B. in chambers, be arranged.
Gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung können die Partikel auch in eine Schicht der Behälterhüllenwand integriert bzw. eingearbeitet sein. Hierzu werden die Partikel beispielsweise bei der Herstellung des flächigen Schicht- bzw. Wandmaterials in dieses integriert. Die Partikel können jedoch auch auf eine oder beide Oberflächen einer Schicht der Behälterhüllenwand aufgebracht und mit dieser, z. B. über eine Klebverbindung, verbunden sein.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the particles can also be integrated or incorporated into a layer of the container casing wall. For this purpose, the particles are integrated, for example, in the production of the sheet-like layer or wall material in this. However, the particles can also be applied to one or both surfaces of a layer of the container shell wall and with this, z. B. via an adhesive bond to be connected.
Gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Erfindungsgedankens ist die Wand der Behälterhülle oder wenigstens eine Schicht davon wenigstens teilweise segmentiert. Die Flächensegmente sind dabei über Schwächungsbereiche voneinander abgegrenzt. Die Schwächungsbereiche können Schwächungslinien oder -flächen sein. Die Schwächungsbereiche können sich z. B. durch Dünnstellen (gegenüber den Flächensegmenten), durch Perforationen, durch Schnitte oder generell durch eine strukturelle Schwächung des Wand- bzw. Schichtmaterials über einen definierten Bereich auszeichnen.According to a further embodiment of the inventive concept, the wall of the container casing or at least one layer thereof is at least partially segmented. The surface segments are delimited from one another via weakened areas. The weakened areas can be lines of weakness or areas of weakness. The attenuation ranges can be z. B. by thin areas (compared to the surface segments), by perforations, by cuts or generally by a structural weakening of the wall or layer material over a defined area.
Die Segmentierung bzw. die Schwächungsbereiche sind nun derart ausgestaltet, dass die einzelnen Segmente bei der Explosion des Gemisches im Innenraum der Behälterhülle entlang der Schwächungsbereiche von den benachbarten Segmenten abgetrennt und die vereinzelten Segmente als unabhängige Partikel durch den Explosionsdruck weggeschleudert werden. Selbstverständlich lässt sich diese Ausführungsform mit den oben beschriebenen Ausführungsformen kombinieren, gemäss welchen separate Partikel in die Behälterwand oder in eine Schicht der Behälterwand eingearbeitet bzw. eingebracht werden.The segmentation or the weakened areas are now designed such that the individual segments are separated in the explosion of the mixture in the interior of the container shell along the weakened areas of the adjacent segments and the isolated segments are thrown as independent particles by the explosion pressure. Of course, this embodiment can be combined with the embodiments described above, according to which separate particles are incorporated or incorporated into the container wall or in a layer of the container wall.
Eine weitere Erfindung, welche von der oben beschriebenen Erfindung unabhängig jedoch mit dieser kombinierbar ist, betrifft ebenfalls eine mit einem explosiven Gemisch auftreibbare, flexible und insbesondere falt- bzw. rollbare Behälterhülle zur Verwendung in einem Verfahren zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen im Innenraum von Behältnissen mittels Sprengtechnologie. Die erfindungsgemässe Behälterhülle zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Wand der Behälterhülle mehrschichtig aufgebaut ist und eine nach aussen weisende äusserste Schicht sowie eine zum Innenraum weisende innerste Schicht aufweist und zwischen der äussersten und innersten Schicht eine funktionelle Struktur ausgebildet wird. Die Wand der Behälterhülle bzw. deren Schichten können aus den oben genannten Materialien bestehen.Another invention, which is independently combinable with the above-described invention, also relates to a flexible and, in particular, foldable container casing which can be inflated with an explosive mixture for use in a process for removing deposits in the interior of containers by means of blasting technology , The inventive container casing is characterized by the fact that the wall of the container casing is constructed in a multi-layered manner and has an outermost outermost layer and an innermost layer facing the interior, and a functional structure is formed between the outermost and innermost layers. The wall of the container shell or its layers may consist of the above-mentioned materials.
Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Behälterhüllenwand zwischen der äussersten Schicht und der zum Innenraum weisenden innersten Schicht wenigstens eine, vorzugsweise eine Mehrzahl von miteinander kommunizierenden und mit einem Gas, einer Flüssigkeit oder einem fliessfähigen Feststoff, wie Pulver oder Sand, befüllbare Kammern auf. Kommunizierend heisst, dass Hohlräume der Kammern miteinander verbunden sind, so dass die eingefüllten Stoffe zwischen den Kammern zirkulieren können, so dass lediglich eine oder nur wenige bzw. weniger Einlassöffnungen als Kammern vorzusehen sind.According to a preferred embodiment, the container casing wall between the outermost layer and the innermost layer facing the interior has at least one, preferably a plurality of, chambers which can be filled with each other and can be filled with a gas, a liquid or a flowable solid, such as powder or sand. Communicating means that cavities of the chambers are connected to each other, so that the filled substances can circulate between the chambers, so that only one or only a few or fewer inlet openings are to be provided as chambers.
In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind zwei benachbarte Schichten bzw. Teilwände einer Behälterhüllenwand über flexible Verbindungsorgane, z. B. Verbindungs- und Beabstandungselemente, miteinander verbunden. Die Verbindungs- und Beabstandungselemente dienen als Begrenzungsmittel beim Auftreiben der Kammern zwischen den beiden Schichten bzw. Teilwänden mit einem Gas, so dass die besagten Schichten bzw. Teilwände nur über die maximale Querausdehnung des Verbindungs- und Beabstandungselemente auseinander geschoben werden können. Die über die flexiblen Verbindungs- und Beabstandungselemente miteinander verbunden Schichten bzw. Teilwände bilden im aufgetriebenen Zustand eine oder mehrere Hohlkammern aus. Die Verbindungs- und Beabstandungselemente können als flächige Verbindungsstege oder als linien- bzw. schnur- seil- oder fadenförmige Elemente ausgebildet sein. Die flächigen Verbindungsstege können miteinander verbunden sein und Kammerwände ausbilden.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, two adjacent layers or partial walls of a container shell wall via flexible connecting members, for. B. connecting and spacing elements connected to each other. The connecting and spacing elements serve as limiting means for driving the chambers between the two layers or partial walls with a gas, so that the said layers or partial walls can only be pushed apart beyond the maximum transverse extent of the connecting and spacing elements. The interconnected via the flexible connecting and spacing elements layers or partial walls form in the swollen state of one or more hollow chambers. The connecting and spacing elements can be designed as flat connection webs or as line or cord rope or filament-shaped elements. The flat connecting webs may be connected to one another and form chamber walls.
Gemäss einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung sind zwei sich gegenüber liegende, den Innenraum der Behälterhülle ausbildende Wandabschnitte über, den besagten Innenraum querende, flexible Verbindungs- und Beabstandungselemente miteinander verbunden. Die Verbindungs- und Beabstandungselemente dienen auch hier als Begrenzungsmittel beim Auftreiben des Innenraums zwischen den beiden Wänden mit einem Gas, so dass die Wände nur über die maximale Querausdehnung der Verbindungs- und Beabstandungselemente auseinander geschoben werden können. Der Innenraum wird im aufgetriebenen Zustand über die flexiblen Verbindungs- und Beabstandungselemente bevorzugt in mehrere, miteinander kommunizierende Hohlkammern unterteilt. Die Verbindungs- und Beabstandungselemente können als flächige Verbindungsstege oder als linien- bzw. schnur- seil- oder fadenförmige Elemente ausgebildet sein. Die flächigen Verbindungsstege können miteinander verbunden sein und Kammerwände ausbilden.According to a further embodiment of the invention, two opposing wall sections forming the interior of the container casing are connected to one another via flexible connection and spacing elements crossing the said interior space. The connecting and spacing elements serve here as a limiting means in driving the interior space between the two walls with a gas, so that the walls can be pushed apart only over the maximum transverse extent of the connecting and spacing elements. The interior is preferably divided in the swollen state via the flexible connecting and spacing elements into a plurality of hollow chambers communicating with each other. The connecting and spacing elements can be designed as flat connection webs or as line or cord rope or filament-shaped elements. The flat connecting webs may be connected to one another and form chamber walls.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Behälterhülle, welche als unabhängige Erfindung betrachtet werden, jedoch auch in Kombination mit einer der beschriebenen Ausführungsformen von Behälterhüllen auftreten kann, schliesst mit ihrer Behälterwand ebenfalls einen Innen- oder Aufnahmeraum ein, welcher durch eine Einlassöffnung nach aussen offen ist. Die Behälterhülle ist über die Einlassöffnung an einem Längsbauteil befestigbar. Die Einlassöffnung ist nun am Ende eines schlauchförmigen bzw. halsförmigen Fortsatzes der Behälterhülle angeordnet. Der Fortsatz verbindet die Einlassöffnung mit dem eigentlichen Innenraum der Behälterhülle. Dieser Innenraum zeichnet sich durch einen bedeutend grösseren Durchmesser auf als der schlauchförmige Fortsatz, z. B. durch ein Mehrfaches des Durchmessers des Fortsatzes.Another embodiment of a container casing, which may be regarded as an independent invention, but which may also occur in combination with one of the described embodiments of container casings, also encloses with its container wall an interior or receiving space which is open to the outside through an inlet opening. The container shell can be fastened via the inlet opening to a longitudinal component. The inlet opening is now arranged at the end of a tubular or neck-shaped extension of the container casing. The extension connects the inlet opening with the actual interior of the container shell. This interior is characterized by a significantly larger diameter than the tubular extension, z. B. by a multiple of the diameter of the extension.
Der Fortsatz ist Teil, insbesondere integraler Teil der Behälterhülle. Er ist daher ebenfalls Teil des Gebrauchsmaterials, welches bei der Explosion zerstört wird.The extension is part, in particular integral part of the container shell. He is therefore also part of the utility material, which is destroyed in the explosion.
Dank dem schlauchförmigen, flexiblen Fortsatz kann die Behälterhülle mit ihrem, das explosive Gemisch aufnehmenden Innenraum noch besser an die zur reinigenden Stellen gebracht werden, ohne dass zum Beispiel an den wieder verwendbaren Vorrichtungsteilen besondere Modifikationen vorgenommen werden müssen.Thanks to the tubular, flexible extension, the container shell with its, the explosive mixture receiving interior can be brought even better to those to be cleaned, without, for example, to the reusable parts of the device special modifications must be made.
Der schlauchförmige Fortsatz bzw. Abschnitt weist z. B. wenigstens einen Viertel, vorzugsweise wenigstens einen Drittel und insbesondere wenigstens die Hälfte der Gesamtlänge der Behälterhülle auf. Der schlauchförmige Fortsatz ist z. B. so ausgebildet, dass dieser ohne bedeutende Querschnittsverengung gebogen bzw. eine Biegung geführt werden kann.The tubular extension or section has z. B. at least a quarter, preferably at least one third and in particular at least half the total length of the container shell. The tubular extension is z. B. designed so that it can be bent without significant cross-sectional constriction or a bend can be performed.
Die Länge des schlauchförmigen Fortsatzes beträgt beispielsweise 0,3 m oder mehr, insbesondere 0,5 m oder mehr. Der schlauchförmige Fortsatz kann je nach Einsatzzweck auch bis zu mehreren Metern Länge erreichen. So kann dieser z. B. eine Länge von 2 bis 30 m erreichen.The length of the tubular extension is for example 0.3 m or more, in particular 0.5 m or more. The tubular extension can reach up to several meters in length depending on the purpose. So this z. B. reach a length of 2 to 30 m.
Der Durchmesser des schlauchförmigen Fortsatzes kann z. B. 20 bis 200 mm, insbesondere 50 bis 100 mm betragen.The diameter of the tubular extension can z. B. 20 to 200 mm, in particular 50 to 100 mm.
Im Bereich der Einlassöffnung bildet der schlauchförmige Fortsatz bevorzugt einen Verbindungsabschnitt zu einer Vorrichtung aus, an welcher der Behälter festgemacht werden kann. Der schlauchförmige Fortsatz ist hierbei bevorzugt mindestens doppelt und insbesondere dreifach so lang wie der Verbindungsabschnitt, über welchen der Behälter der Vorrichtung anliegt.In the region of the inlet opening, the tubular extension preferably forms a connection section to a device, to which the container can be fastened. The tubular extension is in this case preferably at least twice and in particular three times as long as the connecting portion, over which rests the container of the device.
Auf diese Weise kann z. B. ein solcher Behälter im oberen Bereich des zu reinigenden Innenraumes einer Anlage eingeführt und dank dem schlauchförmigen Fortsatz zu der zu reinigenden Stelle im Innenraum herab gelassen werden. Über die Wahl der Länge des schlauchförmigen Fortsatzes lassen sich eine Vielzahl von Stellen im Innenraum erreichen, welche mit herkömmlichen Behältern nicht erreichbar wären.In this way, z. B. such a container introduced in the upper region of the interior to be cleaned a system and be lowered down thanks to the tubular extension to the point to be cleaned in the interior. About the choice of the length of the tubular extension can reach a variety of places in the interior, which would not be achievable with conventional containers.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner auch eine Vorrichtung mit einer erfindungsgemässen Behälterhülle zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen in Behältern mittels Sprengtechnologie. Die Vorrichtung enthält ein Längsbauteil mit einem griffseitigen und einem reinigungs- bzw. explosionsseitigen Endabschnitt, wobei am Reinigungsseitigen Endabschnitt die Behälterhülle angebracht ist. Bei der Behälterhülle handelt es sich um eine Behälterhülle nach einer der oben beschriebenen Art bzw. Ausführungsform.The invention further relates to a device with a container shell according to the invention for removing deposits in containers by means of explosive technology. The apparatus includes a longitudinal member having a handle-side and a cleaning or explosive-side end portion, wherein the container-side cover is attached to the cleaning-side end portion. When the container shell is a container shell according to one of the above-described type or embodiment.
Das Längsbauteil ist vorzugsweise ein lanzenartiger bzw. rohrähnlicher Längskörper. Das Längsbauteil ist z. B. als Reinigungslanze ausgebildet. Die Vorrichtung umfasst im Weiteren Zufuhrleitungen zum Zuführen eines fliessfähigen, explosiven Gemisches oder deren Ausgangskomponenten in den Innenraum der Behälterhülle. Die Zufuhrleitungen können in den Längskörper integriert sein und durch diesen hindurchführen. Hierzu eignen sich natürlich insbesondere rohrförmig ausgebildete Längskörper mit einer oder mehreren stirnseitigen Austrittsöffnung auf der Explosionsseite. Die (gasförmigen) Komponenten zur Bildung des explosiven Gemisches werden bevorzugt aus geeigneten Druckbehältern, z. B. handelüblichen Gasflaschen bezogen.The longitudinal component is preferably a lance-like or tube-like longitudinal body. The longitudinal component is z. B. formed as a cleaning lance. The device further comprises supply lines for supplying a flowable, explosive mixture or its starting components into the interior of the container casing. The supply lines can be integrated into the longitudinal body and pass through it. Of course, in particular, tube-shaped longitudinal bodies with one or more end-side outlet openings on the explosion side are suitable for this purpose. The (gaseous) components for forming the explosive mixture are preferably from suitable pressure vessels, eg. B. commercially available gas bottles.
Das Längsbauteil kann an seinem explosionsseitigen Endbereich eine Schutzvorrichtung, z.B. in Form eines einseitig, insbesondere in Einschubrichtung offenen Schutzbehälters, z. B. in Form einer Glocke oder eines Trichters aufweisen, in welchem die zusammengefaltete bzw. die nicht aufgetriebene Behälterhülle verstaut und geschützt in den (heissen) Hohlraum eines zu reinigenden Behältnisses eingeführt werden kann. Die Behälterhülle wird erst unmittelbar vor dem Reinigungsakt durch Auftreiben der Behälterhülle mit dem explosiven Gemisch und/oder durch Einbringen eines nachfolgend beschriebenen Beschwerungsmaterials in die Behälterhülle durch Entfaltung derselbigen aus dem Schutzbehälter in den Behälterhohlraum ausgestossen.The longitudinal component can at its explosive end portion a protective device, for example in the form of a one-sided, in particular in the direction of insertion open protective container, for. B. in the form of a bell or a funnel, in which the folded or not swollen container shell stowed and protected in the (hot) cavity of a container to be cleaned can be inserted. The container casing is ejected from the protective container into the container cavity by unfolding the same from the protective container only immediately before the cleaning cycle by driving the container casing with the explosive mixture and / or by introducing a weighting material described below into the container casing.
Gemäss einer besonderen Weiterbildung der Erfindung enthält die Vorrichtung eine weitere Zufuhrleitung zum Zuführen bzw. Einbringen eines fliessfähigen Beschwerungsmaterials (Flüssigkeit oder Schüttgut wie Pulver) in den Innenraum der Behälterhülle oder in wenigstens eine Hohlkammer zwischen zwei Schichten bzw. Teilwände der Behälterhüllenwand. Das der Schwerkraft folgende Beschwerungsmittel neigt dazu, durch die die Kammern bzw. den Innenraum zu fliessen und sich in einem unteren Bereich bzw. am untersten Punkt zu sammeln, so dass die Behälterhülle durch die Schwerkraftwirkung des eingebrachten und in einem unteren Bereich angesammelten Materials nach unten gezogen wird.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the device contains a further supply line for feeding or introducing a flowable weighting material (liquid or bulk material such as powder) into the interior of the container casing or in at least one hollow chamber between two layers or partial walls of the container casing wall. Gravitational weighting tends to flow through the chambers and collect in a lower portion, so that the container casing is lowered by the gravity of the material being deposited and accumulated in a lower portion is pulled.
Dies erlaubt die Einführung der noch nicht oder noch nicht vollständig durch das explosive Gemisch aufgetriebenen Behälterhülle zwischen schmale Hohlraumspalten der Schwerkraft folgend. Solche schmalen Spalten werden zum Beispiel zwischen Bündeln von Rohren im Innenraum von Verbrennungsanlagen ausgebildet, deren Oberflächen ebenfalls von Ablagerungen befreit werden müssen.This allows the introduction of the not yet completely or not completely blown by the explosive mixture container shell between narrow cavity gaps of gravity following. Such narrow gaps are formed, for example, between bundles of tubes in the interior of incinerators whose surfaces must also be freed from deposits.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen in Behältnissen mittels Sprengtechnologie, wobei eine flexible und insbesondere faltbare bzw. rollbare Behälterhülle in den Innenraum eines zu reinigenden Behältnisses eingeführt, unter Expansion mit einem explosiven Gemisch befüllt und das explosive Gemisch zur Explosion gebracht wird. Zur Ausführung des Verfahrens wird bevorzugt eine erfindungsgemässe Behälterhülle bzw. Vorrichtung wie oben beschrieben verwendet.The invention further relates to a method for removing deposits in containers by means of explosive technology, wherein a flexible and in particular foldable or rollable container shell inserted into the interior of a container to be cleaned, filled with expansion with an explosive mixture and the explosive mixture is made to explode. For carrying out the method, a container casing or device according to the invention is preferably used as described above.
Die Zündung des explosiven Gemisches erfolgt mit aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Mitteln. Vorzugsweise geschieht dies durch elektrisch ausgelöste Funkenzündung, durch Hilfsflammen oder durch pyrotechnische Zündung mit Hilfe von entsprechend angebrachten Zündmitteln und Zündvorrichtungen. Die Zündmittel sind vorzugsweise im Bereich einer der Endabschnitte des Längsbauteils, an einem Rohr selber oder der Behälterhülle angebracht. Das Betätigen der Zündvorrichtung sowie der Ablauf des Einströmens der Komponenten bzw. der Ablauf des Auftreibens der Behälterhülle geschieht vorzugsweise und sicherheitshalber mittels einer Steuervorrichtung.The ignition of the explosive mixture is carried out by means known in the art. This is preferably done by electrically triggered spark ignition, by auxiliary flames or by pyrotechnic ignition with the help of appropriately mounted ignition means and igniters. The ignition means are preferably mounted in the region of one of the end sections of the longitudinal component, on a pipe itself or the container casing. Actuation of the igniter as well as the flow of the inflow of the components or the expiration of the inflating the container shell is preferably done and for safety's sake by means of a control device.
In einer Weiterbildung des Verfahrens wird nach dem Einführen der flexiblen Behälterhülle in den Innenraum eines zu reinigenden Behältnisses und vor der Explosion des explosiven Gemisches ein fliessfähiges Beschwerungsmaterial, z. B. in Form einer Flüssigkeit, wie Wasser, oder von Schüttgut, insbesondere Sand oder Pulver in den Innenraum der Behälterhülle oder in wenigstens eine Hohlkammer zwischen zwei Schichten der Behälterhüllenwand eingebracht.In a further development of the method is after the insertion of the flexible container shell in the interior of a container to be cleaned and before the explosion of the explosive mixture a flowable weighting material, for. B. in the form of a liquid, such as water, or bulk material, in particular sand or powder introduced into the interior of the container shell or in at least one hollow chamber between two layers of the container shell wall.
Das Beschwerungsmaterial wird bevorzugt vor und/oder während des Einbringens des explosionsfähigen Gemisches bzw. deren Komponenten in den Innenraum der Behälterhülle eingebracht. Auf diese Weise wird die Behälterhülle durch die Schwerkraftwirkung des eingebrachten, fliessfähigen Materials im Behälter nach unten gezogen.The weighting material is preferably introduced into the interior of the container casing before and / or during the introduction of the explosive mixture or its components. In this way, the container shell is pulled by the force of gravity of the introduced, flowable material in the container down.
Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass das Beschwerungsmaterial bereits vorgängig in die Behälterwand integriert bzw. auf diese aufgebracht ist. Das Beschwerungsmaterial ist hierbei bevorzugt im vorderen, reinigungsseitigen Endabschnitt des Behälters angeordnet, so dass der Behälter durch das Gewicht des Beschwerungsmaterials im zu reinigenden Innenraum der Anlage nach unten gezogen wird.It can also be provided that the weighting material is previously integrated into the container wall or applied to it. The weighting material is preferably arranged in the front, cleaning-side end portion of the container, so that the container is pulled by the weight of the weighting material in the interior of the system to be cleaned down.
Das Beschwerungsmaterial kann aus demselben Material sein bzw. den Partikeln entsprechen, welche zwecks Erhöhung des Reinigungseffektes, wie oben beschrieben, auf und/oder in der Behälterwand angeordnet sind. Gemäss dem oben genannten Ausführungsbeispiel ist zum Beispiel das Beschwerungsmaterial über weite Bereiche der Behälterhülle angeordnet, jedoch im vorderen Bereich der Behälterhülle in einer höheren Dichte auf die Behälterwand aufgetragen und/oder in diese integriert als in den übrigen Bereichen.The weighting material can be made of the same material or correspond to the particles which are arranged on and / or in the container wall in order to increase the cleaning effect, as described above. According to the above-mentioned embodiment, for example, the weighting material is arranged over wide areas of the container casing, but applied in the front region of the container casing in a higher density on the container wall and / or integrated into this than in the other areas.
Der Ablauf einer Sprengung in einem Behältnis geschieht in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform folgendermassen:
- Am reinigungsseitigen Endabschnitt eines rohrförmigen Längsbauteils wird eine Behälterhülle befestigt, z.B. aufgesteckt, geklemmt oder mit Klebeband angeklebt.
- Falls gewünscht, wird eine Kühlung für die Behälterhülle aktiviert.
- Das Längsbauteil wird von aussen in das zu reinigende Behältnis eingeführt, z.B. durch eine Einstiegsöffnung, so dass der reinigungsseitige Endabschnitt des Längsbauteils inklusive Behälterhülle vor der zu reinigenden Fläche platziert wird.
- Durch Öffnen von Ventilen wird über eine oder mehrere Zufuhrleitungen ein explosionsfähiges Gemisch oder dessen Komponenten in die Behälterhülle unter Expansion derselbigen eingelassen;
- Nach Abschluss des Befüllungsvorganges wird die Zündvorrichtung betätigt und die Explosion ausgelöst.
- At the cleaning-side end portion of a tubular longitudinal member a container shell is attached, for example, plugged, clamped or glued with tape.
- If desired, cooling is activated for the container shell.
- The longitudinal component is introduced from the outside into the container to be cleaned, for example, by a manhole, so that the cleaning-side end portion of the longitudinal member including container shell is placed in front of the surface to be cleaned.
- By opening valves, an explosive mixture or its components is introduced into the container casing by means of one or more supply lines with expansion of the same;
- After completion of the filling process, the ignition device is actuated and triggered the explosion.
Einzelne Schritte des oben erwähnten Ablaufs eines erfindungsgemässen Sprengreinigungsverfahrens können auch durch Zwischenschritte ergänzt und/oder automatisiert werden. Gasförmige Komponenten können direkt aus Gasflaschen über separate am Längsbauteil angebrachte oder in dieses integrierte Zufuhrleitungen in die Behälterhülle eingespiesen und dort vermischt werden.Individual steps of the abovementioned sequence of an explosive cleaning method according to the invention can also be supplemented and / or automated by intermediate steps. Gaseous components can be directly injected from gas cylinders via separate supply lines attached to the longitudinal component or integrated into the container casing and mixed there.
Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung und das dazugehörige Reinigungsverfahren sind besonders geeignet zur Reinigung von Innenräumen von Verbrennungsanlagen mit klebriger, zu Anbackungen neigender Flugasche, hervorgerufen speziell durch die Verbrennung von Kohle, Müll, Klärschlamm oder Sondermüll. Dies gilt insbesondere im Bereich von Dampferzeugern von Verbrennungsanlagen. Das Reinigungsverfahren lässt sich aber auch zur Beseitigung von Verschmutzungen in anderen Anlagen mit harten Schmutzablagerungen anwenden, wie z.B. in Rauchgasreinigungsanlagen, Kalkablagerungen in Warmwassererzeugern, Wärmetauschern und Dampferzeugern, sowie Papiermühlen, Silos und in der Zementindustrie.The device according to the invention and the associated cleaning method are particularly suitable for the cleaning of interiors of incinerators with sticky, caking-prone fly ash, caused especially by the combustion of coal, garbage, sewage sludge or hazardous waste. This is especially true in the area of steam generators of incinerators. The cleaning process can also be used to remove soiling in other systems with hard dirt deposits, such as in flue gas cleaning systems, limescale deposits in water heaters, heat exchangers and steam generators, as well as paper mills, silos and in the cement industry.
Die Sprengreinigung kann während des Betriebs einer Anlage, d.h. on-line, bzw. bei noch heissen Behältern und äusserst gezielt und genau dosiert durchgeführt werden. Dadurch werden Betriebsausfallkosten gesenkt und keine Anlagenteile oder Behälterabschnitte werden unnötig belastet. Auch werden die Gefahren für das Anlagenpersonal minimiert. Dies insbesondere durch die kurze Verweildauer des mindestens teilweise gasförmigen explosiven Stoffs oder Gemischs in der heissen Umgebung.Blast cleaning may occur during operation of a plant, i. be carried out on-line, or in still hot containers and extremely targeted and precisely dosed. As a result, operating costs are reduced and no parts of the system or container sections are unnecessarily burdened. Also the dangers for the plant personnel are minimized. This in particular by the short residence time of the at least partially gaseous explosive substance or mixture in the hot environment.
Die erfindungsgemässe Behälterhülle lässt sich beispielsweise in einer Vorrichtung und einem Verfahren verwenden wie Sie in der
Die erfindungsgemässe Behälterhülle und die dazugehörige Vorrichtung bzw. das dazugehörige Verfahren ermöglichen ein effizienteres Reinigen von Behälterinnenräumen. Die erfindungsgemäss ausgebildete Behälterhülle erfüllt dabei eine weitere Funktion, indem die in dieser eingelagerten Partikel bei der Explosion auf die Ablagerungen geschleudert werden und zu einer zusätzlichen Abplatzung von Ablagerungen führen. Die Reinigungswirkung erfolgt also kombiniert, einerseits durch die Druckwelle der Explosion und andererseits durch die auf die Oberflächen auftreffenden Partikel.The inventive container casing and the associated device or the associated method enable a more efficient cleaning of container interior. The inventively designed container shell fulfills a further function by the particles stored in this particle are thrown in the explosion on the deposits and lead to an additional spalling of deposits. The cleaning effect is thus combined, on the one hand by the blast wave of the explosion and on the other hand by the particles impinging on the surfaces.
Im Folgenden wird der Erfindungsgegenstand anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen, welche in den beiliegenden Zeichnungen dargestellt sind, näher erläutert. Es zeigen jeweils schematisch:
- Figur 1:
- eine Vorrichtung zum Sprengreinigen;
- Figur 2:
- eine erste Ausführungsvariante einer flexiblen Behälterhülle;
- Figur 3:
- eine weitere Ausführungsvariante einer flexiblen Behälterhülle;
- Figur 4:
- eine weitere Ausführungsvariante einer flexiblen Behälterhülle;
- Figur 5:
- einen Querschnitt durch die Wand der Behälterhülle nach
Figur 4 ; - Figur 6:
- weitere Ausführungsvarianten von flexiblen Behälterhüllen;
- Figur 7:
- eine weitere Ausführungsvariante einer flexiblen Behälterhülle;
- Figur 8:
- eine weitere Ausführungsvariante einer flexiblen Behälterhülle;
- Figur 9:
- eine nicht aufgetriebene, gefaltete Behälterhülle.
- FIG. 1:
- a device for blast cleaning;
- FIG. 2:
- a first embodiment of a flexible container shell;
- FIG. 3:
- a further embodiment of a flexible container shell;
- FIG. 4:
- a further embodiment of a flexible container shell;
- FIG. 5:
- a cross section through the wall of the container shell after
FIG. 4 ; - FIG. 6:
- further embodiments of flexible container cases;
- FIG. 7:
- a further embodiment of a flexible container shell;
- FIG. 8:
- a further embodiment of a flexible container shell;
- FIG. 9:
- a non-inflated, folded container shell.
Grundsätzlich sind in den Figuren gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Die
Am explosionsseitigen Endabschnitt 3b ist eine flexible Behälterhülle 5 mit Einlassöffnung angebracht, in welche das zugeführte Gasgemisch bzw. dessen Komponenten eingeleitet wird.At the explosive-
Im Weiteren ist am reinigungsseitigen Endabschnitt 3b eine Schutzglocke 4 angebracht, welche die vor dem Befüllen mit Gas noch komprimierte bzw. gefaltete Behälterhülle 5 vor Hitzeeinwirkung schützt (nicht gezeigt). Beim Einleiten des Gases expandiert der Innenraum 6 der Behälterhülle 5 und die Behälterhülle 5 entfaltet sich bzw. dehnt sich aus unter Volumenvergrösserung. Dies geschieht im zu reinigenden Behälterraum.Furthermore, a
Die
Die
In
Gemäss einer ersten Ausführungsform weist die Behälterhülle 50 bzw. deren Innenraum eine längliche, insbesondere eine rechteckförmige Querschnittsform auf. In dreidimensionaler Ansicht kann die Form ähnlich einer Matratze bzw. Luftmatratze, quaderförmig sein. Zwei einander gegenüber liegenden Wandabschnitte 52a, 52b der Behälterhülle 50 sind hierzu über flexible Verbindungsorgane 53, wie z. B. Verbindungsstege oder Trennwände, welche quer durch den Innenraum 51 führen, miteinander verbunden. Die Verbindungsorgane 53 unterteilen den Innenraum 51 in eine Mehrzahl von miteinander kommunizierenden Kammern 54. Gemäss einer alternativen Ausführungsform einer Behälterhülle 70 nach
Gemäss einer zweiten Ausführungsform wird vor bzw. während der Einspeisung des explosiven Gemisches bzw. deren Komponenten in den Innenraum 61 der Behälterhülle 60 ein Beschwerungsmittel 63, hier Wasser, in den Innenraum eingefüllt.According to a second embodiment, before or during the feeding of the explosive mixture or its components into the interior 61 of the
Durch das Gewicht des Wassers wird die Behälterhülle 60 entfaltet und mit Schwerkraftunterstützung nach unten in den Spalt zwischen zwei Rohrreihen gezogen. Gleichzeitig nimmt die Behälterhülle eine längliche Form an. In dieser Position lässt sich die Behälterhülle 60 nun mit dem explosiven Gemisch bzw. deren Komponenten befüllen und zur Sprengung bringen. Zur Unterstützung des Verfahrens ist die Behälterhülle in ihrer Grundform ebenfalls bereits eine rechteckförmige Querschnittsform bzw. ist quaderförmig ausgebildet. Die Behälterhülle kann hierzu z. B. wie in
Die
Die
Claims (13)
- A flexible container envelope (20, 40) which can be swelled with an explosive gaseous mixture, and with a wall (22, 42) enclosing an interior (21, 41) for the explosive gaseous mixture and having an inlet opening (25, 45), for use in a method for removing deposits on surfaces of cavities of receptacles to be cleaned by way of blasting technology,
characterised in that
the wall (22, 42) of the container envelope (20, 40) at least in a section is constructed in a manner such that with the explosion of an explosive gaseous mixture located in the interior (21, 41) of the container envelope (20, 40), this container envelope releases particles (24, 44), which accelerated by the pressure of the explosion, are suitable for acting on deposits in the interior of a receptacle and at least partly detaching these, wherein
the particles (24) are hard material components which are embedded between two layers (23a, 23b) of a multi-layer container envelope wall (22) or integrated into a layer of the container envelope wall or deposited onto the surface of a layer of the container envelope wall and connected to this or
the container envelope wall (82) between the outermost layer (85a) and the innermost layer (85b) facing the interior comprises at least one chamber (84) which is fillable with a liquid or a flowable solid substance. - A container envelope according to claim 1, characterised in that the hard material components consist of a petrogenic mineral, in particular quartz sand.
- A container envelope according to one of the claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the wall (42) of the container envelope (40) or at least a layer thereof is segmented at least partly, and the segments (44) are delimited from one another via weakening regions (43), wherein the segmentation is designed in a manner such that given an explosion of the gaseous mixture in the interior (41) of the container envelope (40), the individual segments (44) are separated along the weakening regions (43) from the adjacent segments (44), and the individual segments (44) are accelerated away as independent particles (44) by way of the explosion pressure.
- A container envelope according to one of the claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the wall (22) of the container envelope (20) comprises at least one layer (23c) of plastic, in particular an innermost layer of plastic which faces the interior (21) of the container envelope (20), and at least one layer (23a, 23b) of cellulose or with a cellulose share, in particular paper, in particular an outer-lying outermost layer (23) of cellulose or with a cellulose share.
- A Container envelope (20, 80) according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the wall (22, 82) of the container envelope (20, 80) is constructed in a multi-layered manner and comprises an outwardly-facing, outermost layer (23a, 85a) and an innermost layer (23c, 85b) facing the interior (21, 81), and a chamber (24; 83, 84) is formed between the outermost and the innermost layer (23a, 85a; 23c, 85b).
- A container envelope according to claim 5, characterised in that the wall (82) of the container envelope (80), between the outermost layer (85a) and the innermost layer (85b) facing the interior (81) comprises at least one, preferably a plurality of chambers (84) which communicate with one another and are fillable with a gas.
- A container envelope according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that two adjacent layers or part walls (85a, 85b) of the container envelope wall (82) are connected to one another via flexible connection elements (83).
- A flexible container envelope (50, 70) according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that two oppositely lying wall sections (52) of the container envelope (50, 70) which form the interior (51) are connected to one another via flexible connection elements (53, 71) which cross the interior (51), wherein the connection elements (53, 71) divide up the interior (51) preferably into a plurality of chambers (54) communicating with one another.
- A container envelope according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the container envelope (30) comprises an inlet opening (35) as well as a preferably integral, hose-like continuation (33), and the inlet opening (35) is arranged at the end of the hose-like continuation (33), wherein the hose-like continuation (33) connects the inlet opening (35) to the interior (31) of the container envelope (30).
- A device (1) for removing deposits in receptacles by way of blasting technology, comprising a longitudinal component (2) with a grip-side and a cleaning-side end section (3a, 3b), wherein a flexible container envelope (5) according to one of the claims 1 to 9 is attached on the cleaning-side end section (3b), as well as comprising feed conduits for feeding a flowable, explosive gaseous mixture or its starting components, into the interior (6) of the container envelope (5).
- A device according to claim 10, characterised in that the device contains a feed conduit for feeding a flowable weighting material (63) into the interior (61) of the container envelope (62) or into at least one hollow chamber between two layers of the container envelope wall.
- A method for removing deposits in receptacles by way of blasting technology amid the use of a container envelope (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 80, 90) according to one of the claims 1 to 9 and of a device according to one of the claims 10 to 11, wherein a flexible container envelope (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 80, 90) is introduced into the cavity of a receptacle to be cleaned, is filled with an explosive gaseous mixture amid expansion, and the explosive gaseous mixture is brought to explode.
- A method according to claim 12, characterised in that after the introduction into the cavity of a receptacle to be cleaned and before the explosion of the explosive gaseous mixture, in particular before or during the filling of the container envelope (60) with the explosive gaseous mixture, a flowable weighting material (63) is introduced into the interior of the container envelope (60) or into at least one hollow chamber between two layers of the container envelope wall, so that the container envelope (60) is pulled downwards in the receptacle by way of the gravity effect of the introduced weighting material (63).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH01941/11A CH705845A2 (en) | 2011-12-07 | 2011-12-07 | With an explosive mixture auftreibbare, flexible container cover for an apparatus and method for removing deposits in containers by means of explosive technology. |
PCT/CH2012/000268 WO2013082731A1 (en) | 2011-12-07 | 2012-12-06 | Apparatus and method for cleaning combustion devices |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2788703A1 EP2788703A1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
EP2788703B1 true EP2788703B1 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
Family
ID=47429471
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12805914.4A Active EP2788703B1 (en) | 2011-12-07 | 2012-12-06 | Apparatus and method for cleaning combustion devices |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2788703B1 (en) |
CH (1) | CH705845A2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013082731A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021240414A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | Bio Protect Group Srl | Method and apparatus for hot or cold cleaning combustion slag by means of an explosive shock wave |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2834112T3 (en) * | 2013-02-11 | 2021-06-16 | Bang & Clean Gmbh | Procedure and device for cleaning the interior spaces of containers and facilities |
CH713804A1 (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-11-30 | Bang & Clean Gmbh | Apparatus and method for removing deposits in the interior of containers or installations. |
CN113757705B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-10-28 | 西安交通大学 | Soot blower for horizontal flue of coal-fired boiler |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2745346A (en) * | 1953-05-11 | 1956-05-15 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Method of charging holes with explosives |
US3064572A (en) * | 1958-01-13 | 1962-11-20 | Union Carbide Corp | Method of and means for providing a charge of water sensitive explosive in a blast hole |
US5769034A (en) | 1997-01-17 | 1998-06-23 | Zilka; Frank | Device, system and method for on-line explosive deslagging |
PL200448B1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2009-01-30 | Bang & Clean Gmbh | Method for cleaning combustion devices |
DE10132517A1 (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-30 | Hans Eichner Gmbh & Co Kg | Method and device for local destruction of compact materials in hot thermal systems |
JP5291046B2 (en) * | 2010-05-20 | 2013-09-18 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Purification method in pressure-resistant container for blast treatment |
-
2011
- 2011-12-07 CH CH01941/11A patent/CH705845A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2012
- 2012-12-06 EP EP12805914.4A patent/EP2788703B1/en active Active
- 2012-12-06 WO PCT/CH2012/000268 patent/WO2013082731A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021240414A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | Bio Protect Group Srl | Method and apparatus for hot or cold cleaning combustion slag by means of an explosive shock wave |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2788703A1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
WO2013082731A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
CH705845A2 (en) | 2013-06-14 |
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