EP1359251A1 - Paper machine clothing and method for its production - Google Patents

Abstract

During a paper making process, a paper web is de-watered by a porous de-watering web consisting of longitudinal (2, 3) and transverse (5, 6, 7, 8) strips. Longitudinal and transverse strips are each made of a different type of fibre, and are joined at their crossover points (8, 16, 17) esp. by local application (9) of a hotmelt bonding agent. Also claimed is a process for making the de-watering web in which the crossover joins are further strengthened by a form-fit union in which each strip incorporates a shallow groove with a thread which is transverse to the adjacent thread. The union is effected by insertion of a single pin through the two strips.

Description

The invention relates to a porous paper machine clothing for dewatering a paper web in a paper machine, in particular as a paper machine felt or Trokkensieb, with a scrim from at least one layer Longitudinal threads and at least one layer crossing the longitudinal threads Cross threads, wherein the longitudinal and transverse threads Einkomponentenfäden are.

Porous paper machine clothing is long and wide Ribbons in different lots of a paper machine revolve and on which the paper web through the paper machine is transported. In the first so-called Sheet forming section becomes a fiber pulp on the paper machine clothing applied, wherein a fibrous web forms. This is covered by the paper machine clothing drained through. The paper machine clothing consists of a textile thread formation that is so porous is that coming from the fibrous web liquid as a result of gravitational and negative pressure imprinting the paper machine clothing is discharged through. In the subsequent press section are paper web and papermachine clothing passed through roller presses, so that the still in the paper web Liquid through the paper machine clothing through is squeezed out. As a rule, the papermachine clothing is as a felt with a carrier of a textile thread formation educated. In the following drying section become paper web and paper machine clothing over heated rollers led, thereby further draining - in this case, one speaks better of drying - he follows. In the dryer section are mainly turn threadline paper machine clothing, i.e. Dryer fabric, used, which are also porous, to remove the vapor through the pores.

The textile thread structures are primarily as tissue educated. In addition, there are also so-called scrim known in which the threads are not interconnected, so not interwoven or meshed are. In US-A-3,097,413 is such a paper machine clothing disclosed. She has a scrim from one Location longitudinal threads that are parallel and spaced apart are lost and not connected. On The layer is applied to a fibrous web, which is the longitudinal threads includes and is needled with these.

However, such a paper machine clothing has only one low transverse strength. That's why you've started to to combine the longitudinal thread layer with a transverse thread layer (DE-A-1 802 560, EP-B-0 394 293). It will be first Modules consisting of a thread layer and a needled fiber fleece, formed and merged these modules and again needled. This method of production is not suitable for paper machine clothing, which consist only of a thread formation. In this case suggests US-A-4,555,440, the individual layers of thread connect with each other through binding threads.

In the aforementioned generic papermachine clothing is in particular the displacement resistance between the individual layers and thus the dimensional stability unsatisfactory. As far as binding threads are used, represent these foreign bodies and complicate the Manufacturing process significantly. To eliminate this Disadvantages proposed by US-A-5,888,915, the layers of Longitudinal and transverse threads directly to each other and put on to merge with each other at the intersection points by heating. Prerequisite, however, is that bicomponent threads be used where the thread core a higher melting temperature than the thread sheath Has. The fusion takes place by heating to one Temperature above the melting point of the suture sheath and below the melting point of the thread core.

Due to the direct connection of the threads of the individual Layers are the dimensional stability of the paper machine clothing improved. The disadvantage, however, is that special Threads, namely bicomponent threads, are used need, which are expensive and their material properties not always optimal on the conditions in the set each section of the paper machine.

The invention is based on the object, a paper machine clothing with a scrim, that, despite the use of Einkomponentenfäden a high Dimensional stability has and for all lots one Paper machine is suitable. A second task is to provide a method for its production.

The first object is achieved according to the invention that the longitudinal and transverse threads at crossing points due heating limited to these crossing points and / or parts connecting them are. The basic idea of the invention is therefore the longitudinal and Cross threads only at the crossing points, where they are together to be connected, to melting temperature heat up and achieve a merger. The temperature the remaining areas of the threads remain below the melting point of the thread material. So it suffers no structural and shape change, so that the total by the stacking of the layers given thread structure preserved. This is the first time a paper machine clothing provided with a scrim, characterized by high dimensional stability and because of Use of one-component threads low production costs distinguished. Under Einkomponentenfäden are here to understand such threads made of a homogeneous material exist, wherein the material also be a copolymer can, if only homogeneity is given.

Compared with woven and knitted fabrics has the invention Paper machine clothing has the advantage of high flexibility in terms of the number of layers, the thread density and the Choice of material. Besides, are for the production no elaborate textile machines, such as weaving and knitting machines, required, in addition to the width of them limited paper machine clothing to be produced. A such limitation does not exist with thread plies, i. they can be made in virtually any width become. In addition, can be at Fadengelegen on the tissue necessary thermofixing be dispensed with, if the threads previously sufficiently thermally treated.

A provisional fixation can also be achieved by that the longitudinal and transverse threads at crossing points additionally be positively connected with each other. The connection can each consist of a recess in the a thread and a projection which fits within it consist of the crossing thread. But she can also be formed by the threads at the crossing points have mutually aligned recesses, that from a pen, e.g. a round bolt or a Rivet made of plastic or metal, to be interspersed. A Such positive connection also supports the Melt bond between the threads or the recesses and protrusions or pins and provides for one more better clamping at the crossing points.

It is particularly preferred, the longitudinal and transverse threads as Form flat threads with rectangular cross section. On This way, a surface contact is created at the crossing points and the area over which the threads are connected fused, is considerably enlarged and thus firmer. As appropriate width for the longitudinal and transverse threads has a range of 2 to 20 mm, preferably 8 to 12 mm, proved. The thickness should be between 0.3 to 2 mm, preferably 0.6 to 1.2 mm, wherein the transverse threads should have at most the same thickness as the longitudinal threads.

In particular for very wide flat threads sufficient Permeability to ensure water or steam can through holes in the longitudinal and / or Querfäden be provided. By their size and number, the permeability can be controlled arbitrarily, where there is also the possibility of permeability different across the width of the paper machine clothing to shape, e.g. in the middle higher than in the border areas or vice versa. The passage openings can be designed as round holes or elongated slots be.

The paper machine clothing according to the invention can be a have any number of layers, each one alternating a layer with longitudinal threads and a layer with transverse threads, So each adjacent to each other. A expedient number are two or three layers, in the the former case prefers a lower longitudinal thread layer an upper Querfadengelege is combined and in the latter Case a layer with transverse threads on both sides of each one Location longitudinal threads is included. In this way At the top and bottom a longitudinal structure is formed. Of course, there is the possibility, vice versa procedure, so that at the top and bottom by the there existing transverse threads is a transverse structure.

The permeability or permeability of the paper machine clothing can also be, for example, by the Width dimensions of the longitudinal and / or transverse threads and / or adjust their thread density within wide limits. It exists also the possibility in at least one position the To arrange longitudinal threads so that they are in the middle area have a different thread density than in the border areas, especially in the middle range a lower than in the edge areas.

With the thread scrim according to the invention can also be in a simple way eyelets on the front sides of the paper machine clothing by turning over longitudinal threads below Forming loops to make with them one To form plug wire seam. This can be done in the way that end pieces of longitudinal threads to a first layer the front sides of the paper machine clothing under education of loops on the side facing away from this situation the situation turned over with transverse threads and at several of these Transverse threads, preferably on at least five transverse threads, be attached. However, the attachment can also on the Longitudinal threads themselves are made. The fixation can in both cases form-fitting, e.g. by means of bolts or Rivets made of plastic or metal, done.

The loop formation should expediently only with one Part of the longitudinal threads are carried out so that the both end edges with their loops comb-like into each other grab and so a passageway for a pintle can form. Preferably, at least alternately an end piece turned over to form a loop his and at least a tail without education a loop at the last cross thread edge end. In order to the permeability in this area does not deteriorate is, should be at the ends of the end pieces longitudinal threads from in the situation with transverse threads adjacent second layer connect with longitudinal threads, i. these longitudinal threads abut dull on the end pieces, so do not overlap with them, so that there is no compression in this area comes from longitudinal threads.

As far as the material of the threads is concerned, basically no restrictions if the material is meltable and shows thermoplastic behavior. In question For example, PET, PA come in all modifications, PPS, PEK, PEKK, elastic polyester, PBT or PTT or Combinations thereof. The threads can also be reinforced, e.g. with fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, the fibers also being short cut fibers may be present.

The paper machine clothing according to the invention can be use in all lots of a paper machine and due their flexibility to the respective requirements in optimally adapt to these games. For use in the Foliation and dryer section are mainly training in question, in which the paper machine clothing from the scrim, which does not exclude, that the scrim is combined with other components is, for example, a nonwoven fabric. For the press section is recommended, the thread scrim according to the invention to use as a carrier and with a fiber layer oror be provided on both sides, for example by oror double-sided needling or laminating of fiber webs or spunbonded nonwovens.

For the preparation of the above-described paper machine clothing According to the invention, a method is proposed in which the longitudinal and transverse threads at crossing points by heating limited to the crossing points Melting temperature with each other or with connecting elements be fused, whereby the heating by means of laser, High frequency and / or induction energy takes place. Two alternative methods can be used, with which the heating concentrates on the crossing points can be. For one thing, the energy can be punctual, i.e. spatially limited to the crossing points, be applied, including in particular laser because their focused laser beam are suitable. Alternatively But the energy can also be spread over several layers Crossing points are applied, for example across the entire width and a specific one Length of paper machine clothing, if the crossing points previously with one promoting the absorption of energy Be provided with additives. Because of this additive the energy intake concentrates despite flat application to the crossing points, so that only heat them to melting temperature and therefore together merge. The planar application of energy is easier to implement in terms of device, since the Focus on the multitude of crossing points to be connected eliminated.

The usable additive should be adapted to the type of Be adapted to energy. As far as a laser, For example, a diode laser is used should the additive is a light-absorbing dye, e.g. black color, or a photoactive substance, wherein the overhead thread for the laser transparent is. For the application of high frequency or induction energy are especially metal and here before all iron powder, in the form of a paste, a dispersion or a powder may be present. The additive Can be applied between the threads or on the threads In the latter case, the application only on the threads of a layer of two adjacent layers sufficient. Instead of a subsequent application can the additive also added selectively to the thread material be, e.g. during the extrusion process.

According to a further feature of the invention is provided that the longitudinal and transverse threads at crossing points first using an adhesive and / or under positive engagement be joined together before they get together be merged. This will be the connection reinforced at the crossing points. Besides, the location can be the longitudinal and transverse threads by gluing and / or positive connection before the fusion process be fixed, which is advantageous if the thus formed Thread scrim moved through a device is used, with the help of the heat energy is applied.

In detail, the production of the yarn layer in the Made way that initially longitudinal threads parallel to each other be spanned, for example, between two parallel Thread trees, and then on these longitudinal threads one after the other individually or in groups laid cross threads and are provisionally fixed to the longitudinal threads and that the scrim in the longitudinal direction continuously through a Melting device transported and then rolled up becomes. At the same time or later can also be on the other Side of the longitudinal threads transverse threads are attached. It It is understood that on the free side of the transverse threads again a layer with longitudinal threads in corresponding Way can be attached. The provisional fixation can by additional application of weight, for example, with the help of one for each to be applied Energy permeable plate on the transverse threads is applied, or by gluing done.

According to the invention it is further provided that the layers after merging at the intersections temporarily pressed together until the compound hardens and cooled.

If a felt is to be formed, for example the use in the press section of a paper machine, should on the scrim one or both sides of a fiber layer applied and attached to this. The attachment can be by needling, gluing or melting happen.

It is understood that the transverse threads are not perpendicular to must pass the longitudinal threads, but that with the inventive Method also produce scrim are where the transverse threads are oblique to the longitudinal threads run. It can also be two layers of transverse threads be provided, in which the transverse threads of a layer the longitudinal threads cross at a different angle than the the other location.

Figur 1

eine Draufsicht auf eine schematisch dargestellte Papiermaschinenbespannung mit Schmelzvorrichtung;

Figur 2

eine Seitenansicht der Papiermaschinenbespannung gemäß Figur 1;

Figur 3

einen Querschnitt durch die Papiermaschinenbespannung gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2;

Figur 4

eine Draufsicht auf einen Teil einer Papiermaschinenbespannung mit formschlüssiger Verbindung der Fäden;

Figur 5

einen teilweisen Querschnitt durch die Papiermaschinenbespannung gemäß Figur 4;

Figur 6

eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Papiermaschinenbespannung.

In the drawing, the invention is illustrated by means of exemplary embodiments. Show it:

FIG. 1

a plan view of a schematically illustrated papermachine fabric with a melting device;

FIG. 2

a side view of the papermachine fabric according to Figure 1;

FIG. 3

a cross section through the paper machine clothing according to Figures 1 and 2;

FIG. 4

a plan view of a part of a paper machine clothing with positive connection of the threads;

FIG. 5

a partial cross section through the paper machine clothing according to Figure 4;

FIG. 6

a side view of another paper machine clothing.

The paper machine clothing shown in Figures 1 to 3 1 consists of a Fadengelege whose lower Layer 2 of longitudinal threads - exemplified by 3 - is formed. The longitudinal threads 3 have - as in particular From Figure 3 can be seen - rectangular cross-section and equal distance from each other. For the manufacturing process they are - what is not visible here - with theirs left ends wound on a thread tree. On the right is - not visible here - a second tree provided on the finished paper machine clothing 1 is wound up. In this direction (Arrow A) moves the paper machine clothing 1.

On the pad 2 is a top layer 4 with each other parallel transverse threads - exemplified with 5, 6, 7 - hung up. The transverse threads 5 have a wide Distance - it essentially corresponds to the distance the longitudinal threads 3 -, the transverse threads 6 a close distance in order to reduce the permeability of the paper machine clothing 1 and the transverse threads 7 also a tight Distance, but a much smaller width than the Cross threads 5, 6. It is understood that these differences in an actual paper machine clothing not are present, i. the same transverse threads come along equal distance from each other for use. Through the presentation should only be symbolized that the invention Process various types of longitudinal and Cross threads 3, 5, 6, 7 and thread densities possible. The same applies to the longitudinal threads 3, in which case in addition still given the opportunity, their distances vary across the width, e.g. in the middle area to provide a lower yarn density than in the two Border areas or vice versa.

For the production of papermachine clothing 1 the longitudinal threads 3 spanned between the two trees and then the transverse threads 5, 6, 7 over the longitudinal threads 3 laid. This can be done by machine, for example, with a Transverse panel device happen, as they in principle US-A-3,097,413 is known. So that the transverse threads 5, 6, 7 to each other and with respect to the longitudinal threads 3 their position also during the movement of the papermachine clothing 1 maintained in the direction of arrow A, they are sent to the Intersection points - exemplified with 8 - between Longitudinal threads 3 and transverse threads 5, 6, 7 provisionally glued together. The glue application can on the Longitudinal and / or transverse threads 3, 5, 6, 7 pointwise or area wise respectively. Instead of a fixation by gluing can also put a plate on the top layer 4 be, e.g. a glass plate, the transverse threads 5, 6, 7 presses on the longitudinal threads 3 and so a shift between prevented both.

About the paper machine clothing 1 spans like a bridge a melting device 9. It is intended to the material of the longitudinal and transverse threads 3, 5, 6, 7 to the Melting points 8 to melt them merge together. As a melting device come laser, high frequency and / or induction devices in question. Thus the melting of the material of the Longitudinal threads 3 and transverse threads 5, 6 on the crossing points. 8 is limited, is at the crossing points 8 an additive been applied, which is the absorption of in the melting device 9 generates generated energy. The Energiebeaufschlag is then set so that the Longitudinal and transverse threads 3, 5, 6, 7 only at the crossing points 8 Melt because of the existing there additive and consequently fuse together, while the rest Parts of the longitudinal and transverse threads 3, 5, 6, 7 either not at all or only slightly, definitely not until to the melting temperature. After leaving the Melting device 9 cool the crossing points 8 again, so that the molten areas harden and one firm connection between the longitudinal and transverse threads 3, 5, 6, 7 arises. This can be furthered by that the two layers 2, 4 are pressed together, for example with the help of rollers or plates at the movement of the paper machine clothing 1 entrained become.

Figures 4 and 5 show sections of another paper machine clothing 11 with a lower layer 12 Longitudinal threads - exemplified with 13 - and one upper layer 14 of transverse threads - designated by way of example with 15. It is understood that a plurality of longitudinal threads 13 are present and that the transverse threads 15 over the entire width of the paper machine clothing 11 extends, which is not shown here.

Longitudinal and transverse threads 13, 15 have here also rechtkkigen Cross-section, wherein the transverse threads 15 are flatter as the longitudinal threads 13. At the crossing points - by way of example denoted by 16 - are the longitudinal and transverse threads 13, 15 positively connected with each other, namely via connecting bolts - designated 17 by way of example -, each with aligned holes - by way of example denoted by 18, 19 - in the longitudinal and transverse threads 13, 15 prevail. Instead, however, the connecting bolts 17 also on the longitudinal threads 13 or the Cross threads 15 be formed so that only the other Threads have holes in which then the connecting bolts 17 are pushed into it. The so produced interlocking connection has provisional character, to the thread scrim by a melting device 9 of in Figure 1 shown type pass and in this way also a merger of the longitudinal and transverse threads 13, 15 and also to cause the connecting pin 17.

FIG. 6 also shows a section through another one Paper machine clothing 21 with a lower layer 22 of longitudinal threads 23 and an upper layer 24 of transverse threads - designated by way of example 25 -. The longitudinal and Cross threads 23, 25 have rectangular cross-section, so that they lie flat on each other. They are over adhesive layers - designated by way of example 26 - at the crossing points 27 interconnected so that they mutually are fixed in position. The connection is only provisional be made to the longitudinal and transverse threads 23, 25 for transport through a melting device 9 to fix the type shown in Figure 1. In the Melting device 9 is then a merger of Longitudinal and transverse threads 23, 25 at the crossing points - exemplified by 27 - causes.

Claims (34)

1. Porous paper machine clothing (1, 11, 21) for dewatering a paper web in a paper machine with a scrim consisting of at least one layer (2, 12, 22) longitudinal threads (3, 13, 23) and at least one layer (4, 14, 24 ) the longitudinal threads (3, 13, 23) crossing transverse threads (5, 6, 7; 15; 25), wherein the longitudinal and transverse threads (3, 13, 23; 5, 6, 7; 15; 25) are Einkomponentenfäden, characterized in that the longitudinal and transverse threads (3, 13, 23; 5, 6, 7; 15; 25) at intersection points (8, 16, 27) due to these melting points (8, 16, 27) limited heating to melting temperature with each other and / or with these connecting parts (17, 18, 19) are fused. 2. paper machine clothing according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal and transverse threads (13, 15) at intersection points (16) are additionally positively connected with each other. 3. paper machine clothing according to claim 2, characterized in that the connection consists of a respective recess in the one thread and a protrusion bordering therein on the crossing thread. 4. papermachine clothing according to claim 2, characterized in that the connection consists of mutually aligned recesses (18, 19) in the threads (13, 15) and a penetrating pin (17). 5. Paper machine clothing according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the longitudinal and transverse filaments (3, 13, 23; 5, 6, 7; 15; 25) are formed as flat filaments with a rectangular cross-section. 6. Paper machine clothing according to claim 5, characterized in that the longitudinal and transverse threads (3, 13, 23, 5, 6, 7, 15, 25) have a width of 2 to 20 mm, preferably 8 to 12 mm. 7. paper machine clothing according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the longitudinal threads (3, 13, 23) in the central region have a different width than in the edge regions. 8. Paper machine clothing according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the longitudinal and transverse threads (3, 13, 23, 5, 6, 7, 15, 25) have a height of 0.3 to 2 mm, preferably 0, 6 to 1.2 mm. 9. Paper machine clothing according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the transverse filaments (5, 6, 7; 15; 25) have the same thickness as the maximum longitudinal filaments (3, 13, 23). 10. paper machine clothing according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the longitudinal and / or transverse threads have passage openings. 11. paper machine clothing according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least three layers are present, wherein in each case a layer with longitudinal threads and a layer with transverse threads are adjacent. 12. paper machine clothing according to claim 11, characterized in that a layer with transverse threads is enclosed on both sides, each with a layer of longitudinal threads. 13. Paper machine clothing according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least one layer with longitudinal threads in the middle region has a different thread density than in the edge regions. 14. paper machine clothing according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that end pieces of longitudinal threads (3, 13, 23) on the end faces of the paper machine clothing (1, 12, 21) are folded over and formed to form loops. 15. paper machine clothing according to claim 14, characterized in that the end pieces on the said position (2, 12, 22) with the longitudinal threads 83, 13, 23) facing away from the layer (4, 14, 24) with transverse threads (5, 6 , 7, 15, 25) and fixed to the transverse threads (5, 6, 7, 15, 25). 16. Paper machine clothing according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the end pieces are fixed to the longitudinal threads (3, 13, 23) themselves. 17. Paper machine clothing according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that non-loop-forming end pieces of longitudinal filaments (3, 13, 23) respectively to the last transverse filament (5, 6, 7; 15; 25) on the end side of the paper machine clothing (1) are fixed. 18. Paper machine clothing according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that alternately an end piece is folded to form a loop at least and at least one end piece on the outer edge of the last transverse filament (5, 6, 7; 15; 25) on the front side the paper machine clothing (1) ends. 19. Paper machine clothing according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that adjoining the ends of the end pieces longitudinal threads of a voltage applied to the layer with transverse threads second layer with longitudinal threads. 20. Paper machine clothing according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the longitudinal and / or transverse filaments (3, 13, 23; 5, 6, 7; 15; 25) made of PET, PA in all modifications, PPS, PEK, PEEK , elastic polyester, PBT or PTT or combinations thereof. 21. Paper machine clothing according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the longitudinal and / or transverse filaments (3, 13, 23; 5, 6, 7; 15; 25) are fiber-reinforced. 22. Paper machine clothing according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that a fiber layer is provided on at least one side. 23. A method for producing a porous paper machine clothing (1, 11, 21), in which a scrim is produced by at least one layer (2, 12, 22) longitudinal threads (3, 13, 23) and at least one layer (4, 14, 24) the longitudinal threads (3, 13, 23) crossing transverse threads (5, 6, 7, 15, 25) are arranged one above the other, wherein for the longitudinal and transverse threads (3, 13, 23, 5, 6, 7; 15, 25) Einkomponentenfäden be used, characterized in that the longitudinal and transverse threads (3, 13, 23, 5, 6, 7, 15, 25) at crossing points (8, 16, 27) by the crossing points (8, 16, 27) limited heating to melting temperature with each other and / or with these connecting parts (17, 18, 19) are fused. 24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the heating takes place by means of laser, high frequency and / or induction energy. 25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the energy is applied selectively. 26. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the energy is applied over a plurality of surface to be fused intersection points (8, 16, 27) and these crossing points (8, 16, 27) have been previously provided with an absorption of energy enabling additive , 27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the additive is a dye, a photoactive substance or a metal powder. 28. The method according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the additive is applied only to a scrim. 29. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 28, characterized in that the longitudinal and transverse threads (13, 15) at intersection points (16) are first positively connected to each other before they are fused together. 30. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 29, characterized in that initially longitudinal threads (3, 13, 23) are clamped parallel to each other and then on these longitudinal threads (3, 13, 23) successively individually or in groups transverse threads (5, 6, 7 ; 15, 25) and temporarily fixed to the longitudinal threads (3, 13, 23), and that the scrim is longitudinally transported by a fuser (9) and then rolled up. 31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that at the same time or later on the other side of the longitudinal threads (3, 13, 23) transverse threads (5, 15, 25) are attached. 32. The method of claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the provisional fixation is carried out by additional application of weight or by gluing. 33. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 32, characterized in that the layers (2, 4, 12, 14, 22, 24) at the intersection points (8, 16, 27) are temporarily pressed together. 32. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 33, characterized in that applied to the scrim one or both sides of a fibrous layer and secured thereto.

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