EP1356185B1 - Verfahren und bohrer zur reduzierung der schneidgrösse auf eine vorbestimmte maximalgrösse - Google Patents

Verfahren und bohrer zur reduzierung der schneidgrösse auf eine vorbestimmte maximalgrösse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1356185B1
EP1356185B1 EP01985461A EP01985461A EP1356185B1 EP 1356185 B1 EP1356185 B1 EP 1356185B1 EP 01985461 A EP01985461 A EP 01985461A EP 01985461 A EP01985461 A EP 01985461A EP 1356185 B1 EP1356185 B1 EP 1356185B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill bit
drilling
drilling fluid
buttons
bit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01985461A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1356185A1 (de
Inventor
Per Thomas Moe
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1356185A1 publication Critical patent/EP1356185A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/36Percussion drill bits
    • E21B10/38Percussion drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/46Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/54Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/46Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/56Button-type inserts
    • E21B10/567Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
    • E21B10/5671Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts with chip breaking arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for drilling deep holes in the ground by means of a drill string, a percussion drilling hammer at the lower end of the drill string, and a percussive drill bit having a diameter of at least 75 mm and being connected to the percussion drilling hammer, where drilling fluid is supplied to the percussion drilling hammer and drill bit through the drill string and is returned at a given velocity through an annular space formed between the drill string and the hole.
  • buttons of hard metal When the drill bit impacts against the bottom of the borehole, the buttons knock pieces of varying size loose from the ground material. Some of these may have a size above 10 mm, somewhat dependent on the type of rock to be drilled. Due to the density and viscosity of the drilling fluid, these large particles of the cuttings will nevertheless be carried along by the drilling fluid up to the surface through the annular space between the well wall and drill string, where the flow velocity typically may lie in the range 0.4-2 m/sec.
  • the cuttings pass up along the head of the bit through channels in the side surface of the head.
  • the drilling fluid is usually supplied through two or more openings in the front face of the bit, which at least partially direct the flow radially outward towards the periphery of the bit in order to flush the cuttings out to said channels.
  • the drilling fluid usually has a number of additives which makes it both expensive and harmful to the environment. Consequently, it is necessary to recover the drilling fluid, requiring a cleaning process, which in turn implies space consuming and expensive equipment for sifting and centrifuging the drilling fluid before it can be used over again.
  • the purpose of the present invention is therefore to avoid, or at least reduce, the drawbacks and casts connected to the use of common drilling fluids.
  • this is obtained by a method of the type mentioned by way of introduction where the characteristic features are that water is used as drilling fluid, and in that cuttings knocked loose by the drill bit are crushed to a predetermined maximum dimension before they are allowed to pass up along the bit to the annular space between the wall of the borehole and the drill string, said maximum dimension giving the cuttings a lower sinking velocity in water than the water velocity in the annular space.
  • the cuttings will have a much higher sinking velocity in water than in drilling fluids. This entails that the heavier particles of the cutting will not be carried along by the water in the annular space unless the flow velocity is increased correspondingly. Particularly when drilling at larger depths, e.g. by means of coiled tubing, the flow resistance in the drill string and other pressure losses will make it practically impossible to provide a sufficient flow rate to carry the largest particles up to the surface. As a result, the cuttings will pack in the annular space and make further drilling impossible.
  • the invention has solved this problem by ensuring that the cuttings, before being allowed to pass by the bit and up into the annular space, are crushed to such an extent that there do not exist particles of such a size that the water flow in the annular space is not able to carry these to the surface.
  • This maximum particle size will vary according to the type of rock to be drilled. In shale rock the large particles will generally take the form of flakes, which should be crushed to a length of maximum 6 mm. If the rock is gneiss or granite, the particles usually have a more rounded form and should in such cases be crushed to a largest dimension of about 4 mm.
  • a preferred solution according to the invention is, however, very simple, inexpensive and efficient. It consists of limiting the flow cross-section, particularly the depth, of the return channels in the side surface of the bit. As a result, the cuttings cannot pass by the bit until they have been crushed to a sufficient extent. This maximum depth will of course also be dependant upon the form of the cutting particles, but for bits above a certain size it will usually lie in the range of 1.5-4 mm.
  • the present invention has a solution also to this problem.
  • This consists of arranging a flushing channel opening, preferably as the only one, close to or even partly overlapping with the central axis of the bit.
  • This provides effective flushing also of the central portion of the bottom of the borehole, resulting in that any hard metal pieces are flushed out to the side and follow the drill fluid up through the side channels of the bit.
  • the hard metal pieces will often be too heavy to continue further up the annular space, but since they will be relatively few in number, they may be permitted to remain on the top side of the widest portion of the bit without doing noticeable harm.
  • buttons in the outermost row along the periphery of the bit are increased. Furthermore, it is suggested to provide these outermost buttons with a diamond coating which increases their service life, while in at least the majority of the buttons on the inside are not provided with such a coating. This insures that buttons on the inside are worn out and stop the penetration of the bit before the buttons along the periphery are worn to such an extent that the diameter of the hole has been reduced to a noticeable degree.
  • the percussive bit 1 according to the invention shown in the drawing comprises a head 2 and a peripheral side surface 4, where hard metal inserts or buttons 5, 6, 7, 8 are inserted in the front face 3 thereof.
  • the buttons 5 are arranged in an outer row adjacent the side surface 4 of the head 2 of the bit.
  • the number of buttons 5 is so large that the average distance between the buttons is less than the diameter of the buttons.
  • the buttons 5 are also coated with a diamond material, this being indicated in the drawing by a cross-hatching consisting of crossing lines.
  • the buttons 6 in the row on the inside have a much larger spacing and are not provided with a diamond coating.
  • Inside the buttons 6 is a further row consisting of two diametrally opposite buttons 7, and innermost there is a single button 8, which may have a diamond coating.
  • channels 9 in which drilling fluid, in this case water, carrying along cuttings may flow through up along the bit to the annular space between the wall of the hole made by the bit and the drill string (not shown).
  • the channels 9 can have somewhat varying shape and depth, but the depth, measured with respect to an imaginary continuation of the side surface 4, must not supersede a given value determined by i.a. the type of rock to be drilled, the cross-sectional area of the annular space and the flow rate of the drilling water.
  • a practical range for this maximum depth is 1.5-4 mm, the upper limit preferably being less than 5 mm, preferably maximum 3.5 mm in order to keep the flow rate of drilling water on a reasonable level.
  • the front face 3 of the bit has an outlet opening 10 for drilling water which is so centrally located in the bit that it overlaps with the central axis 11 of the bit. This ascertains effective flushing of the entire bottom area of the borehole.

Claims (7)

  1. Verfahren zum Bohren von Tieflöchern im Erdboden mittels eines Bohrstranges, vorzugsweise mit gewickelten Rohren, einem Schlagbohrhammer am unteren Ende des Rohrstranges und einer Schlagbohrkrone (1), die einen Durchmesser von mindestens 75 mm hat und mit dem Schlagbohrhammer verbunden ist, wobei dem Schlagbohrhammer und der Bohrkrone (1) durch den Rohrstrang Bohrflüssigkeit zugeführt und mit gegebener Geschwindigkeit durch einen ringförmigen Raum zwischen dem Rohrstrang und dem Loch zurückgeführt wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass als Bohrflüssigkeit Wasser verwendet wird und
    dass durch die Bohrkrone losgeschlagene Brocken auf eine vorbestimmte Maximalgröße unter 6 mm zerkleinert werden, bevor sie entlang der Bohrkrone nach oben zum ringförmigen Raum zwischen der Lochwand und dem Bohrstrang gelangen können, wobei das Zerkleinern auf die Maximalgröße durch Begrenzung der Tiefe von Rückflusskanälen (9) für die Bohrflüssigkeit in der Bohrkrone (1) auf weniger als 5 mm, gemessen gegenüber einer gedachten Verlängerung der Seitenfläche (4) der Bohrkrone (1), sicher getellt wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Maximalgröße auf unter 4 mm gehalten wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tiefe auf einen Wert im Bereich von 1,5 bis 4 mm begrenzt ist.
  4. Bohrkrone für ein Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ansprüche, mit einem Kopf, der einen Durchmesser von mindestens 75 mmhat und eine Stirnfläche (3) und eine Umfangsseitenfläche (4) aufweist, wobei die Stirnfläche (3) des Kopfes (2) mit Hartmetalleinsätzen (5 bis 8) bestückt ist, die in mehreren Reihen mit unterschiedlichen radialen Abständen von einer Mittelachse (11) der Bohrkrone (1) angeordnet sind, und mit mindestens einem Auslass (10) für die Bohrflüssigkeit, wobei die Seitenfläche (4) des Kopfes (2) mit im wesentlichen axial verlaufenden Ausnehmungen versehen ist, die die Kanäle (9) zum Durchfluss der Bohrflüssigkeit bilden, die bei Benutzung der Bohrkrone durch den Auslass (10) zugeführt wird,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass die größte Tiefe der Kanäle (9) weniger als 5 mm, vorzugsweise weniger als 3,5 mm, beträgt, gemessen gegenüber einer gedachten Verlängerung der Seitenfläche (4) der Bohrkrone (1), und
    dass der mittlere Abstand zwischen den Hartmetalleinsätzen (5) in der radial äußeren Reihe geringer ist als der Durchmesser der Einsätze zumindest innerhalb von Gruppen der Einsätze (5).
  5. Schlagbohrkrone nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anzahl der Kanäle (9) etwa so groß ist wie die Anzahl der Hartmetalleinsätze (5) auf der Stirnfläche (3) in der radial äußeren Reihe des Kopfes (2).
  6. Schlagbohrkrone nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hartmetalleinsätze (5) in der radial äußeren Reihe mit Diamantmaterial beschichtet sind, während mindestens einige der Einsätze (6 bis 8) auf der Innenseite ohne ein solches Material sind.
  7. Schlagbohrkrone nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Auslass (10) für die Bohrflüssigkeit neben der Mittelachse (11) liegt oder diese teilweise überlappt.
EP01985461A 2000-12-21 2001-12-21 Verfahren und bohrer zur reduzierung der schneidgrösse auf eine vorbestimmte maximalgrösse Expired - Lifetime EP1356185B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20006591 2000-12-21
NO20006591A NO316856B1 (no) 2000-12-21 2000-12-21 Fremgangsmåte ved boring og slagborekrone for utførelse av denne
PCT/NO2001/000506 WO2002052122A1 (en) 2000-12-21 2001-12-21 A method and drill bit for reducing the cuttings size to a predetermined maximum size

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1356185A1 EP1356185A1 (de) 2003-10-29
EP1356185B1 true EP1356185B1 (de) 2006-09-06

Family

ID=19911940

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01985461A Expired - Lifetime EP1356185B1 (de) 2000-12-21 2001-12-21 Verfahren und bohrer zur reduzierung der schneidgrösse auf eine vorbestimmte maximalgrösse

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1356185B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE338877T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60122933T2 (de)
NO (1) NO316856B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002052122A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3918538A (en) * 1974-07-01 1975-11-11 Hughes Tool Co Rotary percussion earth boring bit
US4373592A (en) * 1980-11-28 1983-02-15 Mobil Oil Corporation Rotary drilling drill string stabilizer-cuttings grinder
NO892223L (no) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-04 Boart Int Ltd Borkrone.
US5366032A (en) * 1993-06-09 1994-11-22 Kay Mark A Rock bit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20006591L (no) 2002-06-24
WO2002052122A1 (en) 2002-07-04
DE60122933D1 (de) 2006-10-19
EP1356185A1 (de) 2003-10-29
NO316856B1 (no) 2004-06-01
NO20006591D0 (no) 2000-12-21
DE60122933T2 (de) 2007-09-06
ATE338877T1 (de) 2006-09-15

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